The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1849, Page 1

| ——=—— THE NEW YORK HERALD. a NO. 5331. 4 MORNING EDITION----MONDAY, JANU. ‘The ostal Oonvention or Treaty. Conventinm between Her Majesty and the Unitet States of Arica for the Improvement of the Communica- ‘ by Post hetween their respective Territories. Signed tn London, December 15th. 1848. "& EXCHANGED IN LONDON. e Queen of the United Kingdom of d Ireland, and the United States of 1 ing desirous to ote the friendly rela- ons existing between their respective subjects and ‘eitizens, by placing the communications by post be- tw the territories of Her Britannic Mejesty and of the United States on s more liberal and ad- val us footing, have resolved to eonciude a con- vVention for this perreres dbave named as their pl iporentiaries, that is to ssy— ™ Her Majesty, the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great britain Ireland, the Right Hor. Henry John Vircount Palmerston, Baron Temple, a Peer of Ireland, awember of Her britunie Majesty's most honorable privy council, « inember of Parliament, Knight Grand Croes of the most honorable Order of the Bath, and Her Britannic Majesty’s principal Secretary of State for Foreign Aflairs; “hnd ihe President of the United States, by and with ‘the advice und consent of the Senate thereof, George Bancroft a oitizen of the United Stat their Envoy ‘xtracrdinery und Mimiater Plenipotentiary to Her niapnic Majesty; Btyhe. aii baving communicated to each other ‘their respective :full powers. found in good and due form, huve agreed upon and concluded the following @rtioles : ‘Aaticun 1 There shall be charged upon letters not exocerding balf an ounce in weicht, conveyed either by British or United States packets, between a port in the United Kingdom or a port in the United States, an ouniform ses rate of eigat pence, or rixteen eomts; and such postaxe shall belong to the country by which the packet conveying the letters is furnished. ‘Agr, 2. There shall be cbarged by the post office of the United Kingdom upon all letters not exceeding half ar ounce in wight, posted in the United Kingdomand forwarded to the United States, or brought from the Unitea Staten ond delivered in the United Kingdom, whether such letcer- sball be conversed by British or Dy United States packets, an inland postage rate of ‘one peuny balf penny. ‘Phore shall be obacked by the post office in ted States upon ail letters not exceeaing half in weighs, posted in the United States and for to the Uniced Kingdom, or brougkt from Kingdcm ard Gelivered in the United Stat such letters shall be conveyed by United States or by Britirh packets, an inlund postage rate of five cents. ‘Ant. § Upon all letters posted in one country and Gcliveredin the other, these rates of postage, both sea avd inland, shell be combined into one rate, of which yment in advance shall be optional in either coun- try It eball, however, not be permitted to pay less than the whole combined rate. Ant. 4. With respect to letters above the weight of half sn ounce. each aountry shall be at liberty to em- plov, a« regeds the collection of the whole combined Tate, ths soa'e of pri ton in operation in its owm territory for cbarging inland rate 5 Ant..5. The United States engage to grant to the United Kivgdom the transit in closed mails, through the territory of the United States, of the correspondence and newspapers from the United ee ey to the Bri- tish North American provinces, ‘and from those pro- vinces to the United K ngdom, at the rate of inland postage to be charged under this convention for letters ‘apd newspapers between the United Kingdom and the ‘United States. ‘A British officer ehall be permitted to accompany the closed mails during their transit. + Axr. 6, On the other hand, her Britannic Majesty engages to grant the United States the transit in cloned maile, through the British American provinces, of the correspondence and newspapers from one part of the territory of the United States to any other part ‘of the territory of the United States, at rates not ex Oeoding the rates of inland postage new charged or to ‘de herestter charged in the North American provinces according to the distance euch mails may be conveyed within the North American provinoes. An officer of the United 81 shall be permitted to eccompany the closed muils during their transit. ‘Aat 7 The United States further engage to grant io the United Kingdom, the transit in closed mails, through the United Stetes, or through any countries where the post communications may be under the control or management of the United States, of letters and newspapers forwarded from the United Kingdom, its colonies or possessions, to any other British colony or ession, or to any foreign country, and from any foreign country or British colony or possession to the United Kingdom its colonies or possessions. Anz. 8, Her Britannlo Majesty engug:s on her part to grant to the United States the transit in closed maiis through the United Kingdom, or through any country where the post communications may be under the hemp? mm of end nm OF posse: or hehe eevabawens aaa foreign count: a from aD; ign coun’ or from any colony or possession of the United States, to the United Siates, their colonies, or possessions. ‘Aur, 9. When letters shall be forwarded in closed ile, under the stipulations of Articles 5, 6, 7, or 8 of present convention, the payment to be made to the United Kingdom, or of the United «the case muy be, shall be made by the ounee, g to the n+t weight of the letters at two rate ‘to the ounce, with the aidition of 26 per cent on th amount of postage, to compensate the loss that would otherwise be sustained by this mode of computation. 0. The country which sends or receives through the other, is torender an account "8 and newspapers eent or received in such mails, and to account to such country for t! due thereon. Art. 11 Letters posted in the United States, ad- @resred to foreign countries, and intended to pass in transit, through the United Kingdom, shall be de- livered to the Britich post office free of all United States postage, whet packet or inland, and letters from foreign countries, addressed to the United State: re in transit through the United Kingdom, shall e delivered to the United States post office free of all Britieh postage, whether packet or inland. In the case of those countries to which letters cannot be fe d, uv! the British postage be paid in advance, such British postage shall be collected in the ‘United States (in addition to the United States rates ed for to the British post office. countries to which letters can- unless the United States postage be in advance, such United States postage shall be collected in the United Kingdom (in addition to the British postage) and accounted for to the United States office. Ant: 12. The rate of postage to be taken by the British post office upon letters arriving in the United Kingdom from the United States, either by British or ‘United States packets, and to be forw: through the United Kingdom to colonies or jions of the United Kingdom or of the United States, or to foreign countries, and vice versa. eball be the same as the rate which is now, or may hereafter be, taken by the Bri- tish post office upon letters to or from such colonies, S pderscoloas, or foveign countries respectively, w’ ported at the port of arrival, or aeitvere 29 tire pore d-parture of the packets conveying the mails between the United Kingdom and the United States. ‘The above pontege in irrespective of, and beyond the inland rate to be taken in the United States upon such lettera, if ported or delivered therein, according to the stip ions of Art 1 of this Convention; and also irrespective of and beyond the sea rate upon such letters, payable according to the siipulations of Art. 1. The rate of postage to be taken by the United States post cftice upen letters arriving in the United Stat jitber by British or United States packets from the United Kingdom. and to be forwarded through the to the colonies or possessions of the or of the United Kingdom, or to those territories which, according to the laws of the United States, are beyond the limits of their established post routes, or to foreign countries—and vice versa —shall bethe same as th which i¢ now, or which hereafter be, taken by the Ui ‘upon letters conveyed, whether by tea or land. to o ich colonies, possessions, territories, or foreign countrien respectively, when posted at the port of ar- ‘1 or delivered at the port of departure of the pack- the mails between the United States and ingdom. ‘The above postage is irrespective of and beyond the inland rate to be en in the United Kingdom upon such letters if posted or delivered thereia, accord: to the stipulations of article 2 of this convention. also irrespecti and beyond the.sea rate upon h Jotters, pa; ording to the stipulations of Ar- le 1 ‘There shall be excepted from the above sti; ing throngh th certain rates order to effect such urrangemen ance ot letters and newspapers. and closed mails, through the territories of the United Kingdom, of the United States, d of Fran spectively, as may be mort conducive to the interests of the three coun- tries. Art. 13, Letters posted in the United States address. ed tothe British North Ameri d when not conveyed by ren. the rates of postage which are now, or aiter be, in operation in the United Btaies and in the British North American Provinces for inland letters. Ant. 14. Upon all letters d_in the United States and addressed to th h North A the preceding artic! of whieh payment in in the United States and the Britiso North American Provinces It shall however, not be permitted to be Jess than the whole rate. Ant. 15. The rates to be taken on newspapers pub- a the United Kingdom, when conveyed be- tween the United Kingdom and the United States, either by British or ited States packets, shall be for each newspaper in the United Kingdom nited States. Conversely no those above stated shail be made y the United States post office, on the United States, either cnuntry or when delivered in the United Kingdom. There shail be no accounts by the Bri Rewspapers published when derpatched from 1 retain the — it aball United Kingdom upon newspapers to und from the | United States, passing in transit through the United Kinpdom, shall be one penny for each newrpaper. ox- cept where a lower rate ia provided be any treaty be- tween the United Kingdom and a foreign country; and the rate of postage to be charged in the United oD Dewspspere to and from the United Kia, ing in travrit through the United States, its for each newspaper. RT. 17 Periodical works, not of daily publications, perted in the United Kingdom or in the United States, may be forwarded from one country to the other. either by British or by United States packets by means of the two officer the following conditions, 1m, PRss- all be two n of such works ; each of t shall bave charged. mt in ban the sides or end, eo that they may beessily examined shail be ip every resprot aubjest to the nd regulations 3d, They conditions prescribed by the laws both countries, Th tee to Britain, as well on tl dressed to the United States, as om those from the United States addressed to Great Britain, ehall be as let. For evgry work mot exceeding twe ounces in weight. one penby. 2d. For every work above two ounces im weight, and not exceeding three ounces, six pence. $d For every work above three ounces in weight, 1d not exceeding four ounces, wight pence 4th. And for every ounce above four, up to sixteen , (the limits imposed on the trensm! of ticles by the British office, two tional; every fraction of an ounce being full own ‘The rates to be levied by the post office of the United States on similar works, addressed to er coming from the United States, shall not exceed the rates charged in the United Kingdom Ant 18. Printed pamphlets, not exceeding the posted ia the United Kingdom, or tates, may be forwarded from 0: country te the other either by British or United States by meave of the two offices, at the same rates end under (he same conditions as those fixed for pe- riodjcal works by artiole 17 Aut. 19 In consideration of two cents United States currency not being precisely equivalent to one penny steriing, the British post office shail account to the United States post office at the rate of four hundred and eighty-tour cents to the pound sterling; and the United States post office shall account to the British post offiee at the rate of four hundred und eighty cents to the pound sterling. Ant 20. In case of war between the two natio: mail packets of the two offices shall continu pavigation without impediment or molestation, until six weeks after a notification 6! bave been made on the part of either of the two governments, and dell- vered to the other that the service is to be disco: tinued, in whioh ease they shall be permitted to re- turn freely, and under special protection, to their re- spective as Aunt, 21, The forms in which the acoo1 between the respective post offices, for the tramsmiesion and conveyance of letters, to be made out, the time and mode in which payment spall be made by either post cflice to the other, togetber with all ether mea- sures of detail arising out of the stipulations of the present convention. shall be settled between the Bri- Usb post officwand the post office of the United States, ‘as s00n as posible after the exchange of the ratifice- tion of the present convention., It is agreed that the measures of detail mentioned in the present article, may be modified by the two post offices, whenever, by mutual consent, those offices sball be decided that such modification would be bene- fieiul £0 the post office service of the two countries Ant 22. The present convention is concluded for an indefinite period. It cannot be anvulled by either of the two governments, except after theexpiration of @ year’s notice given to the other government. Art. 23. The Pompey convention shall be ratified by Her Britannic Majesty, and by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and the ratification shell be ex- changed at London ‘within three months of the date hereof. It shail come into operation as seon as pessi- ble after the exchange of the ratifications. In witness wheceof the respective plenipotentiarics have signed the eame,end have affixed thereto the teals of thelr arms. Done at London the fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and to the preceding stipatations. if pontege to be oberged in the ) The rate o! forty-eight, L. &] PALMERSTON. L.8.J GEORGE BANCROFT. CORRESPONDENCE. Reeeived 8d January, 49. No, 108. American Leoation, Londen, 16th Dec., 1848, Hon. Jamas Buchanan, Secretary ot State :— 8in,—I send this day, by the worl a for ratification, a Portal Convention between the United States and the United Kingdom, which has just beem signed b; myself, and, in the absence of the Postmaster General, by Lord Palmerston alon Tn negotiating this treaty, I have aimed at a just and fair reciprocity ; the reduction of the ses rates— the abrogation of all dieortminating charges, what- ever ; retpeot for the existing laws regulating inland postage, and adue regard for facilitating the daily course of manual business in the post offices of bot countries. ‘This convention, in its progrees, has encountered much opposition in some quarters here, I trustit may mect general approbation at home. The British Postmaster General reluctantly con- sented to accept the varying inland rates now levied by the laws of the United states, within their territory, and to concede the English rates fixed by law. principle was thus settled. Its application was di cult; tor it gave, for example, on a letter from Boston, andoonversely one rate, if Bent directly from port to nother rate if t by New York to Liverpool, by New York and Southamp- ton. To keep just aceouuts under so varying r would baye been difficult. I agreed, therefore, of the inland rates in each country, 8 our mails for California, end to our , by land or sea, which are specially ‘Art Xil) and to adopt uniformly In England, the inland rate on @ penny; if not paid in letters not, itis two- provided tor i uhore average rates me letter, it received at # post office, for dell for transmission, pays two cents. If pays ® varying rate of five and ten cent rage. therefore, is five and two-thirds of tl six cents. Our Postmaster General, moreover, eli as committees in both houses of Congress, re- commend a uniform rate, not exceeding five cents.— ‘That rate, therefore, was taken as the uniform Am rican inland rate. But I consented to this only on condition that the sea rate shouid be reduced. This ‘Was agreed to, so that now, by Articles |., II., and IIL, there is one wniform rate ef twenty-four cents pm everr of baif an ounce or |. from any part of the United States, Witnin eer ere ihe? 7o* routes, whether from New York or New Orleans, or the Temotest village post Cffice in the far west to any part of the United Kingdom. This ie» less rate than the art one between London and Paris. It is what the ritieéh pucket rate alone formerly was. This treaty éflects such # reduction in the combined rates, that our American inland rate of five cents each way, is obtained out of the former British packet rate. ‘After this important concession of reduced sea rate. which operates exclusively to our benefit, until ‘at least an equal number of mail packets with d, Idid not think I should be justified in re- fusing to take the Canada mails soross our territory at the uniform intand rate established by article Il. It seemed, too, wire to treat our Canadian neighbors hberaliy; @ special act of Congress on the subject of maiis in traneit to Canada favorseveh a policy. The concei sion of ren rate of eight pence was coupled with my arsent to this fifth erticle; and, moreover, I be- that Congress, before this convention goes fully * into operation, will have reduced cur own rates for our own letters to Canada to five cents. Besides, the gave to the English closed mails a spe- ance; there is now no stipulation , OF for extraordinary speed, It is er General’s disoretion im article VI. for S corresponding through ¢ in is on the point of conferring concerrion for closed But Great Brit th gement of the ian poss office to the C nd the Canadas themecives are to reduce th a postage Ni rs are, by article XV, to crores the seas in the mail packets of either country without charge for s only each country coute or one penny going out of it or comin, 0 i take on its own every So, for tl le in like manner, by articles XVII and XVIII, the i arge for sea conveyance of other periodi- Nect for itself we may ¢ of increase for print not higher on the The rates tcule Of increare named in tl ed by Great Britain in all ite postal con e for the firt two ounces is vei scale of increase is high 0! adopt alower one ; but it was alleged that, in practice, it would bave crowded the wails beyond measure, with what, perbaps, more properly should go through the tem houses of the two countries | offered to permit the printed circulars of merchants and manufacturers to sent at the same rate as other printed matter The British post office obdject- ed ; but our American advertisements, if printed as extra newrpapeis. will pay only newspaper poste, Freedom of transit for letters and newspapers the utmort importance | bvid that we sbonid) the right to bring over traveit letters in out own pack ete tow Britich port, and deposit them, free of British cbarge, im the British post office. there to be treated as letters originating in Engia The Post Office itmay be. For thet popes {in advanee, all of which goes into our treasury, if the packet ie ours. the letter is delivered into the British post office, to be sent at the rates paid the British themselves to any part of the world to which the Britiah postal system extends—and conversely. A rmaili difficulty did indeed arise ; but as the Chan- eellcr and | bad but one- mind on what was right, we canily surmounted it. By Article VIII you will perceive that we have a Fight to rend letters and pewspapers in the usual cba: nels, or im closed mails, through the United Kingdom, an well to France as to other foreign countries. A dif- fioulty ocovrred in the settling of the rates to ba paid for Jetters to France, parsing through England. By the 62d article of the British and French Postal Convention (ot which I have sept home a copy.) the Freuch pay on letters to the Britieh Government one uniform rate of 40 pence per ounce, British net weight, for trausit through the United Kingdom, and sea conveyance to and from countries beyond There is one and the @ rate for letters whether from Brazil or Van Die mi nd. from Boston or Calcutta. But by our pre- tent treaty with Evglend this rate becomes too highon letters between France and the United States, passing through the United Kingdom. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is therefore willing on bis part, to reduce the rater to be paid on cuch lette: apply the prin- ciple of the 12th article of this T: to France. For this the concurrence of France is necessary.— But of course, France will not refuse to acoept what eomes to her mainly asa single reduction of her rate of postage At the same time, we ourselves ha motive to introduce F ce into this part of the negotiation, for a» far as Great Britain is concerned, she has acom- mop interest with us Farther, we may have mail to Havre. bringing letters for Great Britain, must be provided for. It seems. therefore, e nothing to lore by consenting to perfect part of our arrangement by o tripartite ar ment between the three count The qvestion comes up as to in the interim, Wecan send letle: Liverpool, to be there mailed and for at a rate of only three half pence the halt ounce, be- yond what would be payable if France w az cepted from the 12th urticle. Letters so less cost than under the British On a pareel of halfan ounce, the ‘ould be five cents, er two pence haif- pe ‘ate 8 pence, or the British inland rate one pepny -penny, to which five pence must be added for transit from’ Liverpool to France, while by the Englieh treaty with France. @ letter of a baif ounce, which equally pays in New York five cents or two pence half-penny, pays on delivery in France for sea conveys: , the sum of 25 pence; so that, by the one way, the cost of a letter of a half ounce from the United Sta through England to France, will be 17 pence; on the other, will be 22 and a half pence. Of ceurec England has as strong an interest as wo; to, remove this inconvenient inequa- lity. Tous I think it no disadvantage to us to le: tranrit rate to Fi tled conjoint!: France: t with mest explicitly and is to in tr na letter to France, originating in Liverpcol. and conversely, without the furtker exaction of the three half pence British in- land rate, as established by article Il. of this conven- tion The preceding paragraphs of my despatch relating te the transit of our lett: and newspapers through the United Kingdom, to and from France, have been sent by me to the Chanceller of the Exchequer, who concurs in thi t accuracy of my statement. Lhope for the spprobation of the President on the f this very laborious negotiation, which could e been proceeded with but for the aid of Con- ‘and even now would hardly have been termina- 4, but for the enlightened good will of the First Lord of the Treasury, and the hearty co operation of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Viscount Palmer- ston, Yours ean} GEORGE BANCROFT. P, S.—By Article IV. you will perceive that I have reserved for our country the liberty on letters over a half ounce in weight to employ the scale of progression in operation in its own territory. But, at the same time, 1 cannot but recommend the adoption of the English seale of progression. It would raise the rate on tcarcely one letter in a hundred, at th time it would save tothe post office s great deal of labor on every letter trantmitted. The success of the o! postage ryetem depends on simplifying the a procesres and diminishing lal Where the rates are igh, it is proper to weigh each letter, and so to have ascale of progression by the half ounce; where rates are uniform and low, the scale of progressien should be by the ounce. ao thut the Post Office Clerks may, with- out often using the scales,at once decide what rate attaches to each letter. G. B. SUMMARY. 1. DIRKCT POSTAGE, ‘The postage across the English inland postage United States inland postag Th postage to be paid to AV, NEWSPA: Ls BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ENGLAND. Eech newspsy seeeeee -(1 penny) or 2cents, Periodicals, &c., weighing 2 on...(1 penny) or 2“ “Over 2 and under 3oz.(6 pence) or12 « “ over 3 and under 4 oz.(8 pence) orl6 ddit‘onal for every ounce or fraction of Law Intelligence. Tue New Count oF Arrears.—During the present year the Court of Appeals has been composed of Judges Jewett, Gardener, and Ruggles, elected at larg Jones of the Ist district, Wright ot the 84, Gray of the 6th, and Johnson of the 7th. The four latier, under the | @ place to Judges 8 of the 2d, Cady of the 4th, Suankland of the 6th, avd Hoyt of the 8th. Thus constituted, the Court will commence a term in this city on Tuesday. Justices Wright, Jones, Gray, and Johnson, will as- sume the duties of Justi jones in New York, on the 24 Tuesday; Jygge sin general term at Utica, on the let; End Jobnron at Rochester on the let ‘The Court of Appeals, during the past year, has la- dered with great assiduity, The distinguished tale: and learning of those who constituted the Court, bave gene very far toward cenfirmixg the hopes of its riends. ‘The Janvery term, 1849, of the Court of Appeals, will commenee in this city, at the Capitol,on Tuesday next There are 104 caseson the calendar, of which we give a pumber of the first:— . 1. Jedediah Miler ¢f ai., Plaintiffs in error, vs. Hen- ¥, P. Scherder, defendent in ¢rror; 2. Stephen Van enerelaer, plaintiff in error, vs, Jew. J. Jewett, de- fendant in errcr; 3 Jew. J. Jewett, appellant, vs. Ste- phen Vap. Renetelaer, et al, ex’rs, &C., appellees; Nichard Ree, appellant, vs. John Doe, appellee ; 5, The mayor, &o , of the city of Aloany, plaintiffs in «rror, vs, Simon Caniliff, detenda: 5 6 The , Teepondents, John Hay, ri mpany, sppellants; appellee, at Si en Van Renseeleer, dente; 11. Derick © Lansing and ot agt. David Russeil apd Alice his wife, app Ars Barber, op . Randell A’ Brown, respon- dent, et al ; 13, rown, plaintiff in error, vs Somvel A, Curtis, defendant 14. Williaw P n Renseclaer, ‘homas W appellant ; 15. b rederick Clickman, ap etal, agt Stephen A 17. Armetropg, et cl, piaintiffe in error, vs. Li Compton, defendant in error; 18 Helen Quacken- Eurh, et ol, appellants, ve Willem Bradley, et af lrath, plaintiff in error dant im error; 20, William f eppelian James G. F Teepondent; 21 Julius vs. Russell Lord, ef pellaut, va. Jona. 23. Isaac Platt, e el, plainti of the First Con- gregational Religicus Society in the town of Franklin, Oetendente in error; 24 Eliza A Vrooman, appellant, en Jones. appeilve; 26 Minor C. story, plain: tiffin error, vs, David Howell Skidmore, defend error; 46 Lemuel Clark, ef al. Mutual pellanta, Zadock Pratt, president, rth appellee; 29 James ppeliant vs. Iteso Jones ef al , respondent; Mather, appeilant, ve, James H Eldredge, pellee; 31 Alvan Stewart ef a/ . Kdministrators, &o , appellants, ve. Benjamin Andrews, rerpondent ; 32. Bejami Alvan Stewart ¢/ al, adminiev Harry Jennings, eppeilant, vs t neng 7, Mutual Insurance Compan yj Apelieens 34 John De Ruyter vs. the Trus- tees of ‘eter’s Church in the city of New York et al., Anba L, Gallagher et al., surviving executriz, &e., appellants, and Jobn Pow:r et al, respondents; 36. George W Sutton, plaintiff in error, va Henry A. Dil. Jaye et al, defendants in error; 36 Henry M. Western, sppellant, ve. George H. Kelsey, ko , respondents ; 37. Nicholas G. Kortriyhte, appeliant, va. bert Ainslie ef al. rerpondents; 88. Nicholas G Kortright, appel- ent. ve Retert Ainslie, respondent; 30 Jobm Cochran et al, plaintiffs in error, ve Anthony H Van Slyck, therill &o., defendant in error; <0 Wm. Wooden, ap- yellant, ve. Geo Woaifle. appellee Surreue Count or THe Unites States, January 5, 1849 — No. 24 James Erwin, tant In error, vs. le 8 Department insieted on charging three halt pence be- sides. But the Chancellor ot the Exchequer viewed the matter precirsly as I did; and we very easily came to an agreement on the point, av oxprested in ar Ucle XII By that article, & letter sent torough Eng- Jand pays ix Amerion 21 cents im advance, instead of 24 Of these, 6 cents is the American inland rate, end 16 cents the packet rate, Ameticaa or British, as ag A The argument of this cause was continued by Mr. Brent for the plaintiff im error, and by Mr. Bradley forthe defendant in error, The U S District Court at Baltimore i the trial of the US v« Richard H Key, ch robbing the mail in the port office of that city be was clerk, of some $4 000 belo: more & Co, of Cincinnati, The Reception of the Mexican Trophics at the Military Academy on New Year's Days The first of January was a happy New Year's Day at West Peint, and a proud one for the Mili- tary Academy. The trophies won by the prowess and valor of our arms in Mexico, on every field» arrived here on Saturday night, and hasty prepa- rations were made for their recepiion on New Year’s morning. 4 After muster, which took place at ten o’clock, a column, composed of the battalion of Cadets, Capt. Cullum’s company of Sappers and Miners, and Major Shover’s Dreoon detachment, was marched down, as an escort, to the wharf, where the wophies were in keeping, and the banners being distributed through the ranks of Cadets, they pro- ceeded in quick time to the spot selected for the ceremony. As the escort arrived at the crest of the hill, a national salute of thirty guns was fired by Captain Clarke, 2d Artillery, and the band struck up a thrilling march, as the whole proces- sion rose upon the plain, be The place selected for the solemnity was in front of the Academic Hall, upon the portico of which the superintendent, Captain Brewerton, and his etafl, were collected. When the head ot the column was filing to the right, to form in line facing the hall, the scene became intensely inter- esting; an hundred flags, bearing the marke of war’s rough usage, torn by shot, discolored by sun and storm, and recalling most vivid associations of blood and battle, were thickly sown among the files of cadets; the fine band relieving the tield music struck up the Mexican air, ** La Ponchada,”’ and the assembled spectators all caer a the hveliest enthusiasm Il seemed to belong more to the romance of chivalry than to the ordinary scenes of our work-day world. Formed in line facing the hall, the standard bearers were ordered to the tront and brought to the about face. Arms were then presented, the music suluting with the highest honors. Archibald Campbell, Esq., a graduate of the Academy, and late an officer in the army, now chiet clerk of the War eerinen ts then presented to Captain Brewerton the letter of the Secretary of War. THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO CAPT. BREWERTON. 8 law of 1814 which provide play of trophies of war, standards directed that the fings. d colors taken by the army of the United States in the war with Mex!co, be deposited in the M li- teary Academy I have, therefore, placed them in the banda of Archibald Campbell. Keq , Chief Clerk of this Department, by whom they will be delivered to you. mong the considerations which render the Military Academy at West Point an appropriate depository of the tropbies of the jotories of our arms in Mexico. ta the admti the graduates of that institution have c n eminent degree, to our unexampled o 20. ‘ery respectfully, your ob’t servant, (Signed) © W. L. MARY, Seoretary of War. Capt. Henny Brewerton, Superintendent Military ‘Academy, Weet Point, New York. After this was pecbahed by the adjutant, the order of Captain Brewerton was read. ORDER OF CAPT. BREWERTON. Apst’s Orvice, West Point, N Y.,Jan. 1, 1849, Onvex No. 119.—The Superintendent, in accepting balf of the Military Academy red trust of prererving there trophies of the valor and skill of our arms ip Mexico, deems it not improper to allade to the distinguished part te&xen by the graduates ef this insti- tution in the several confilcts, commencing with the battle of Palo Alto, and ending in the cepture of the oty of Mexico. eyes fe deprecating the horrors of war, andlament- ing that its laurels must be sprinkled with blood, we yet feel grateful that our csnflict with Mexico has re- moved the prejudices heretcfore existing against the West Point Academy, and that reproach can no longer be brought against us of being Holiday Soldiers, foster- ed by ap aristocratic and useless institution. Ourgra- titude is aleo due to the illustrious Generals, who in Jeading the divisions of our gallant and ever-victorious little army into the heart of the enemy’s country, have elicited the admiration of the nations of the old world, skilled as they are in all the arts and appliances of war. ‘There brave commanders have borne ample testimo- By to the value cf the Military Academy, and the na- tion bas not been backward in awarding honors to thore of our distinguished comrades whose good fortune it was to participate in the glorious achievements of the Mexican war, It is a source of no little gratification to us that the President has been pleased to bestow this mark of bis appreciation of the services of the graduates of the Mil- itary Academy, in selecting it as the depository of there trophies, and it requires no asrurance that it will be equally our — and pleasure to preserve these pre- cious memorials of our country’s glory. By order of Capt, Brewenron, (Signed) HENRY COPPEEF, Bt. Capt. U.S. A., Act’g Adj't Military Academy. In addition to the Secretary’s letter, and the Superintendant’s order, a list of the trophies 1s ap- pended :— List of Trophies. 1646—1847, TROPHIES—INVENTORY OF FLAGS AND COLORS TAKEN FROM THE MEXICAN ARMY BY GENERALS SCOTT AND TAYLOR, ‘Ten small flags, guide or company colers, taken by General Taylor at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palms. Two lances, brcught at the same time by Col, Payne, U.8. Army. FLAGS TAKEN AT VERA CRUZ RY GENERAL SCOTT, AND BROUGHT TO WASHINGTON BY COL, BANKHEAD No. 1. National Color, from Fort Santiago, (Vera’ Cruz.) ane 2, National Cclor, from Castle of San Juan pUlua. . Artillery Color, red, with | rte in centre, Regimental, tri-oolored sil! Ordnance, yellow, gre in centre, , embroidered, inscribed “ Perma- Color, embellished standard,(small.) No, No. 4. Com any ‘ilk National Color, tri-color, eagle in centre, 9, De. do. do, do. do. = do. TAKEN AT CERRO GORDO, MEXICO, No. 1. Small Color, with fri No. 2, Do, —do.," green wool fringe. No. 3, Tri-colored eagle and yellow tacsels, No, 4 Small green, yellow fringe and red lotters-— . of Company and Regiment.) No, 5, Large national tri-color. No.6 Do, do. —do.,_ badly torn, No 7. Do. do. do. 0. No. 8, Tri-colored pendant—very long. No. 9 Red and white crors—coior. No 10 Tricolor, medium size, green, white, and red. with eagle. No. 11. Garrison Color. No 12 Green and white fleg. No 13 Do. de do. No. 14. Medivm si: No 15 Garrieon tri-color, bli No. 16 Pendant tri color—long. No. 17. Do. do. do. Nos. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, all small tri-colors. STANDANDS OF A BATTALION TAKEN AT CONTRERAS, BY THR SECOND INFANTRY, No 1 Small standard--green, with red fringe, (sent from Puebla ) No. 2. Do. do, red, with green fringe, do; One Fing taken at San Antonio, lower California. One Flag taken at La Paz, lower California, The pent-up enthusiasm of the corps, when three cheers were celled for, found vent in as hearty Anglo-Saxon shouts as ever preceded a charge in Mexico, and struck terror into the enemy’soldiery. The company of sappers and miners, whose name is closely connected with grape and canister, and the hend to hand struggle in the van of battle, bore in triumph the banners which they captured in Mexico, and many a veteran might have been ob- served with glistening eye, as the scene called him beck to Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo, to Contreras ard Churubusco, to Molino and the Halls of the Montezvmas. % The cheering was continued as the President ot the United States and the Secretary of War be- ceme in turn the argument for honor; and the part cipants in the wer, of whom a number were pre- sent, received a due share of this tribute to their services. Wownprr Sagacity or a Doa.—An officer of the army, accompanied by his dog, left West Point on @ virit to the city of Burlington, N. J., end while there, becoming sick, wrote to his wife and family ‘West Point, in relation to hisindisposition. Shortly ter the reception of his lett cused by a whining. barking door of the hours. and when ope cauee, in rurhed ithful dog. After being caress: every attempt made to quiet him, the dog in d pair at not being understood, seized i teeth, and hie paws on the lady’s shoulders, ¢ shawl, He then piaced himeelt 2 Eis Jady then became alarmed ho endeavored to allay on him to accompany her at byt tate | found him dan. le but she prevailed once to her Lurband, ‘est DY one cae easily satie- fy further curjority in relation to this remarkable oase of animal reasoning by visiting Burlington, where the owner of the animal is at preeent.— Phil, Eve, Bulletin, The floor of @ new congregational church, at Wer. terly, R.1., fell « few days since, under the weight of about 600 people, nearly the whole of whom were more or less Injured. ARY 8, 1849. . Moderate discount, TWO CENTS. Bosron, December 30, 1848. New England Folitics--Who is to have a Seat in the Calinet?—-The California Fever—The In- Nuenza, &c. Some of the New England whigs, in view of the act that there is considerable mvairy among their great men, with respect to a cabinet appointment, have hit upon the not very uncommon plan of throwing the said great men overboard, and pro- pose that the place shall be conferred upon a small man. Governor Kent, of Maine, is the favored mortal who 1s to be the “breaker ot bread” to New England whiggery for the next four years. He 18 not without what are called claims on the Taylor party, as it 18 very certain that he took ground in favor of the General’s nomination, and enn the surcidical policy of nominating Mr. Clay, ata very early period. But, then, he is not aman of remarkable intellectual powers, and can- not carry any strength; and it is to be hoped that the reign of mediocrity will cease on the 4th of March. ‘The country has had quite enough of emall men in great places, without General Taylor continuing the policy of his predecessors. Mr. Evans may prove a formidable competitor to the gentleman whose sole merit is that he is the only living whig ex-Governor of Maine; but the men who with to have Mr. Kent in the cabinet, be- cause they believe they can mould him to their wishes, are ready to buy off the ex-chairman of the Senate’s Committee of Finance, with the collectorship of Boston. You are, no doubt, aware that Mr. Martin got the collectorship while look- ing for a cabinet office, his ambition pointing to the Race that Mr. Bancroft procured. Perhaps Mr. Evans may meet with the same sort of fortune, though General Taylor is known to have spoken of him as one of the foremost men of New Eng- land, which he unquestionably is, The person most commonly talked of as the suc- cessor of our present postmaster, is John L. Dim- mock, Esq., a very popular whig of the “ ultra” school, buta thorough supporter of General Tay- lor. There 1s }ees competition for this office than Lexpected to witness, and some think that Mr. Greene will be allowed to serve out his term, which will not expire for upwards of three years. Our Legislature will meet on Wednesday next. January 3d. The whigs will have matters all their own way, though their caucuses are likely to be disturbed by the attempts of rival office-seek- ers to get recommendations. We have no Senator to elect, so that we can’t quite come up to the Seward afluir of your State. The democratic strength in the Legislature will have to be weighed, if it 18 expected to tell on paper. The free soilers are reported to have ceme to the determination of taking radical ground on the subject ef corpora- tions. The California fever still rages here, but there 1s more method in the madness than at first pre- vailed. One vessel has already sailed, with twelve passengers. Another is te go to-morrow. The ship Edward Everett, one of the most splen- did of our merchantmen, has been purchased by the company recently formed here, and will sail soon atter the 1st of January. This company num- bers 150 persons, and contains people of almost every calling, and all, as far as vipa acquainted with them, highly respectable. New England will be fully represented in California. Mr. Campbell, one of the comreny, and formerly reporter of the Zmes newspaper, has gone on a mission to Wash- ingten, to obtain documents, and to ascertain what 1s to be the policy of the government with regard to California and its mineral regions. A Sunday paper, called the Spirtt of the Age, is thing on the plan of the eoutNy papers that have proved so successful in New York. There is some difficulty among the New Hamp- shire whigs, in Gen. Wilson’s district. Some of them are dissatisfied with the General, and are opposed to holding a convention for nominating a candidate. Irom all that 1 hear, I should not be surprised if the democrats were to carry every district in New Hampshire, at the spring election. The recently enacted plurality law favors them, I understand. The whigs and free soilers there hate each other with a most edifying bitterness; and even the former are by no means united in the support of Gen. Taylor. New Hampshire is the only New England State which has not put forward claims to be represented in the Taylor cabinet, and for reasons good. The year closes with winter in its roughest mood.” The snow covers the whole country, having fallen for about half the time during the last eight days. The influenza rages here, but has not yet caused any deaths. Some think it is a sort of jackall to the lion cholera. Parapeiruta, Bec. 27, 1848. Stock Panics—What may be done. {t does not matter much what a bold chap uader- takes to do; if well read in human influences in the line of his attempt, and posted up as to the par- ticular thing to be eflected, he can generally suc- ceed, however unworthy, and however regard- less of the retribution that is pretty sure to over- take an incorrigible panic maker. Now, among the likeliest of places to get up a rage or a panic, isa certain undefinable locality called the stock market. A regular operator is as facile asa chameleon— changing the color of his prospects as summarily as the said animal 1s reputed to metamorphose his skin. The twelve months preceding the present writing, having been “tight,” as they say on *Chenge, it has made Philadelphia the scene of the most desperate as well as the most fantastic tricks in the stock line; a panorama thereef, ‘with all the attending tortuosities, would show even better than the blow-ups on the Miseissippi; or the guerrilleros of Mexico, Just a single glance at a case or two, and I drop the eurtain to await part the second. Casting about for chances, an operator, ay in the year '48, fixed his eye say upon Schuylkill Navigation, a great public work just then struggling with diffi- culties. Itis proponoced “rotten.” nds (then selling at $79) are declared * worthless.” His runners dash through the street, decrying the Navigation 6’s, and ** selling short,” down—down, through all stages, till they touch $19. Not the bonds, in fact, for they have none in possession ; but boldly selling * short”—down—down, to be delivered four and six months after sale, hoping, by the incessant cry of worthless, rotten, &c., coupled with bold statements, and backed by offers to sell short, aided by a tight money market and dull coal trade, to frighten real holders,who at last ive Way and throw their bonds on the market. his nice operator now takes in his shorts at low prices, delivers, and realizes a large sum. Thus emboldened, he attempts Pa. 5’s; but fail- ing to alarm holders, he takes in at some loss and turns upon something else, and either breaks it down, or, failing, pockets the small loss and coolly casts about him for po in other quarters. Now, all this while, let it be remembered, he ap- ars to be nursing the “ Reading Railroad,” oth by tongue and paragraph, and, not the least, through his accommodating runners. This great work, he can demonstrate, will—must eventually “pay. ‘Thetacome, In gross, will bs, annually, about $2,000,000 Interert 6 per ceut on $4,000,000 mortgs Interest referred stock, ( e converted)... + Interest 6 per ¢ stock... . $1,135,000 Anpual ranning cost keeping cars and road in order not exceeding. ...... Surplus applicable to sinking fund........ $135,000 ‘This is given as the “‘oflicial” statement of the company, reiterated as “true to the letter,” when, ell of a sudden, a ‘‘mare’s nest” is discovered !— The Schuyikill and the Reading have “combin- ea”—for what? To secure better prices for sreigea to pay the proprietors. Nothingelse. Just all sensible men have insisted upon as the This cuts off, perchance, my wor- wha duty of both. thy “operator’s” Sprertunity of further “shorten- ing” on Schuy)kill: he loses something, perhaps, on his short sales of $19, and vows vengeance on his favorite Keading—all the more available from his former show of friendship. ‘“ Who should know, if he does not!’ The old stock is most valuable from being last to receive dividends. It is true, hints are circulated that “ Reading will default in the wher 4 interest.” But offers are at once made to buy the coupons in advance, at a 3 is yielded—but, getting parties to join, who were dazzled with his great svecess in spre down Schuylkill, they pounce upon the ‘old stock” of the Reading. They own none, but ofier “to sell any way”—borrowing every available share to meet their immediate de- liveries; but prefer to sell on time $16}, j, f, 3, 16, down, down, 1¢ 4, down, down ; “good torno- thing, rotten concern, going to $10.” Sales, $15, 144, 4! Now, ask who are the sellers in Ph dejphia? None but these parties—all “short”— no real operations--no deliveries but borrowed stock. They seem a litte uneasy--would rather se}) 50 charet than 100, instantly running to pat it to appear in this city, with the new year, some- | in the Exchange record—*50 more at 134, just at the close, in great haste ;” ‘50 more at 13!”— *Didn’t I tell you the bettom was falling out Y? To understand this, one must know that real hold- ersin Boston and New York will finally, itis ex- pected, be thus alarmed; come upon the market with their stock, and enable the agents of these beautiful Philadelphia operators “to take in their shorte,” and deliver at a fine profit! A strong team, organized as panic-makers, gen erally succeeds in making many thousands ot dol- lars, and then perhaps begtn to bolster up the very me securities, and possibly “realize handsome- y”’ on the othertack ! O, the tricks of trade! which made its sppearai June last, has been very fatal. [tis en Upwards of 20.000 have ditd. and at least 80 000 left the city, principally of the laboring class of prople, of whous great numbers have perished on the di nt roads. At one time the streets here were almost deserted, and you saw nothing but coffins and funeral processions from morning till night, It has abated very much, but still is not quite over A few new cases occur ty day, of which some prove fatal. Of the ffty- 6 American shipmasters who have been here this season, two have died of cholera, and nine American tailors, We have bad a very uocqual summer, and a very wetautnmno. ‘The river was clovedon the 16th ult., but sledging is not very good yet. Your new minister, Hon, Vir. Bagby, arrived here aboutamonthstince ble was somewhas indisposed for atmo; now he drives and wuiks out, but receives no visits from anyone Our fciend —— has called upon him several times, but has not beei admitted, nor has he received any of his countrymen, Yoong Mr. In- gersoll, the son of the late minister, is his Seoretary— @ fine young man. The eid gentieman left here, at the commencement of the cholera. for England, whence he ember-ed for his own country. ‘We have had in all this year, 59 American vessels. ‘The sugar business hes been very profitable this year, and promises to be equally so the next. In con- sequence of the diaturbed state of Europe, the Prospects for buriness were very gloomy in the spring, but brightened later in the season, and that very state has caused our import business of this year to have flourished more toan urual. Sales wero effected easily aud quickly, and paid handsomely. [t is said that the new tariff is made, but it is the gene- ral opinion that it wall not gointo operation next year, (1849 ) on account of the unhinged condition of things in Europe. We live here. thanks to heaven, in peace and quietness, and thenke to the Emperor that he does not meddie in the poiitios abroad Besides bis Exorllency Mr. Bagby, and his Secretary, Mr. Ingersoll, we have the following Americans here, vin:-young Mr Ropes, of Boston, established here w der the firm of Wm Ropes & Co.; Major Whistler, En- ginecr and Superintendent of the Moscow Railroad: end Messrs. Harrison, Wynans and Eastwick, locomo- tive builders and contractors for constructing the irom bridge across the Neva. These ace the principal Amo- ricane in this place. Last summer we hed Mr. Saiton- stall, with whom you are acquainted. and Mr. Stlas E. Burrows, of New York, in his pleasure yaeht, of whom you no doubt have heard, ‘The new bridge is neing very fast, and it is pected will be completed im 1560. The Moscow road, [am told, progrerees slowly, in consequence of impediments, such a8 bogs, rivers, &o.; and the Churok will, 1 , be ‘Anished on Dooms- Tenclose for your perusal a general export Hat b: American ver from which you will observe that t! tothe Unit States. Phil. N. American, Railroad Intelligence, Doxcnester anv Mitton Sreci or Busi Train—Incarase Paseongers carried by this train to @ Old Colony Depot, in Boston, eo heer for \he month of December, 1847 and 1848 :— , 1847—Number of passengers 1838— « increase bas been about the same at all tions from Crescent Avenue to Dorehester Upper Mills, Newavunryrort ann Georaktown Ratinoap.—A con- tract has been made for 650 tons of iron for this road, sufficient to lay the track to Georgetown, ata price lower than any iron has ever before sold. At the precent rate of freight end exchange. the tron will not gost, delivered here, more than $33 or $39 per ton. By the best estimates which can be made, the road will cost less than $100 00, completely finished and equipped. Built at the present favorable moi of low prices. and carried through either to North An- dover and Lawrence, or to West Bradford, there is no doub: that it will be a good paying road.—Newburypor fevald, Great Weatenn Rainoan —It is asserted in the Canada papers that the provisional miuistry have agreed to recommend to Parliament the indorsement Es peimtnn ei ciact sp atp pe of beet at Bg the Great estern Railroad, an Western Railroad, and like sum tor the Montreal and Tue Sr. Lawnence axp Atiantic Rainoap in operation from Montreal as far as St Viyseinthe, Te was opened, according to announcement, on Tuceda: st, when the President, the Hon A. N. Morin, the ‘eretary. Thomas Steers, Eeq.. and about 200’ per- sons, availed thewselves of the opportunity of Inspect- ing the line A greater number would probably have gone ‘but for the coldness of the weather, and the diffi- culty of crossing the river. We were unable to he of tbe purty, but we learn that the journey out to St. Hyacinthe was accompiished in one hour and tem minutes, and the return in the sawe time. At St. Hya- einthe a large crowd had atsembled, with banners, mu- sic, and other rigns of rejoicing. For the present, the cars leave Lovgueil every morning, at 11 0’elook, re- turning se as to reach Longueil by 3 P. ‘Montreat Pilot, Dec. 28, The corporation of Alexandria have passed a rosolu- tion praying the General Assembly of Virginia to grant to Alexandria the authority to $100,(00 to the rafiroad from that place The work on the direct railrosd from are Falls to Rochester has been commenced, and re saing with all necessary vigor. The gradivg uk Progress, OY Ta points, and a large number of men are em- joyed, Morice anv Ouro Ratinoan.—We understand that Mr Sullivan, as sssirtant engineer, with ao party of some four or five scientific gentlemen, and the neces- sury ssristants. have commenced the survey for the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. starting from the foot of Government rtreet, in thie city The general plan of the survey, and the commencement at all poin » we learn, be fixed upon the arrival here of Mr hilde, chief engineer. and Mr Troost, aio to be engaged. They will probably be here in eight or ten days.— Motile Advertaser, ‘The commissionerr appointed to take the vi citizens of Aleaandria. on the question of entecribing $100,000 by the corporation of this city to the pr railrcad from Alexandria to Gordonsville, completed their | © rda: "Fay the following was found ¢ polls: For the subscription 416 Against {t.. Uvebeide . 38 ‘This hows a very deoided and carnest expression of public sentiment. The weather has been ver; ment for the Inst two days. which prevented many from attending the polls, or probably the vote in favor of the measure would have been still larger.—Alezan~ dria (Va.) Gazette Domestic jace li y- The Cochituate bas been frozen in some of the Boston pipes, to the deep chagrin of many housewives. Four dlvorees have been granted at Syracuse lasing it Court. Pretty wel the present sitting of the Circu! for the “ Central City.” There wan a fall of snow ‘n the vicinity of Ottowa, Mlinois, during the firet week in this month, the ave- ’ of which was two feet. A recent freshet in the Chicago river has removed the ber from the mouth of the harbor, There are now eleven feet of water, clear, at the entrance of the harbor, sufficient to accommodate the largest class of versels and steamers heavily loaded A number of ship carpenters recently arrived im Florida, from New York, and have already commenced baildi im the néighberhood of the Panama wills. Captain pce Cushing, father of the Hon. Caleb Cushing. died at his residence in Newbaryport, on ray, morning last. AMr Cha: T Bean died in Boston, on Saturday morning, of bydrophobi: je was bittem several weeks ago by his own dog. which proved to be rabid graph has been extended trom Milwaukie to Janesviile, 65 miles. General Taylor has consented to receive the citizens f. La Rouge, om a day between the 7th and 12th instant, There were siaty-one deaths in Boston, for the week ending Saturday. The Cheshire Railroad to Bellows Falls and the Sul- livan Railroad from thence to Charleston, N. H., will be opened for public ure to day. The Governor of New Hampshie has appointed Thursday, April 5, ass dey of fasting and prayer. Two convicts eroaped from Sing Sing on T' of week. They got out of their one by Sheanser tse One of them was re-arrest There are 900 Indians remaining in Florida. The smallpox prevails at Newark, N. J. Mr. fy le was run over by a locomoti' the West bh rosd, near Mineseville, Pa, which caused bis th in hours. Judge James Love has been inted Cler! United Staten District Court Texas, tora the cy occasioned by the death of Major Thomas Bates. Eighty German emigra: who left Hamburg i: the fw part of October, arrived at Galveston om the ult. A building used for a church, Masonic Lodge, and court house, in Alte Mira, patina, county, Loxas was pang burned down, Some pubiic papers were urnt. An Americen ship arrived at Brazos Santiago, a short tim: pool, loaded with dry goods for the M . Trade io that quart very brick, selec, cael