The New York Herald Newspaper, January 7, 1849, Page 1

er Pants, December 7, 1848. Cavaignec's Meetures in Rrference to the Pope—The Election— The Austrio-Itutian Question, $c. As the epoch of the election approaches, the con- tending parties become more animated and more flerce. ‘The advocates of either party show but little respect in their means of mutual attack. Falsehoods the most flagrant, and calumnies the most foul, are circulated ‘Ly the org: of each party daily. Gen. (avaignac uses unsparingly all the in- stremente of electioneering which are placed at his disporal by the position he holds. But one of his neeuvres, regarded at the moment as the most adroit, has recoiled upon him in am unexpected man- ner, and covered him with ridicule. 1 mentioned in my last, that he had suddenly avail- ed himeelf of the rumor of the imprisonment of the Pope, to send an expedition to Rome for his liberation, and that $.500 mep were ordered to be embarked at Marteilies for the purpore, and M. de Coroelles was expedited ae ambassador extraordinary, to see to the safety of the Pope’s person, At the moment, all this ‘was considered to be a great card for Gen Cavaignac. It wae e windfall im the electoral game, which he did not expect, but events here proceed faster even than the process of imagination. The order had scarcely reached Marteeilles,and M. de Coreelles had scarcely sailed for Civita Vecchia, before the intelligence ar- tived,a# you will peroeive by the London journals, that the Pope bad effected his escape,with the aid of several memoers of the corps diplomatique, and has gained the Neapolitan frontier at the Mola di Gaeta, where of course he was taken under the protection and Lorpitality of the Court of Naples. The entire corps dipl.matique, with the exception of the Sardiaian Am- Dareador, and the whole conclave of Cardinals, wr foll: d bis Holi: and, at the y at of the Holy See, St. ent put out of joint the But the gist of the joke, at least in tit turns Gen Cavaignac into absolute 3.500 men wore in the aet of embarking, on beard rundry ships of war, and bul- and extraordins he troops to reland and return |. M_ de Corcelies, however. the envoy, hed unfortunately sailed on a wild-goose ohase before the countermanding order had arrived, a the “report {s. to-day, that he encountered a storm which di him into Corsios. Besides, t! per- sonal inconvenience to the rey ambassador, this is now a matter of the smallest imeginable im- portance. Thus fell the hopes of Gen. raignac. A programme bad been rent to Marseilles, giving de- tailed orders as to the manner in which the Pope should be received Addresses were ord ‘8 and the Muires in allt bad to pars. Guard him, snd. to crown all, M. Worship. was sent down wi d,to deliver to bim on the p! when the sole of his holy foot ehould first tread thereon. The eff of all this on the election of Gon. Cavaig- Bac was expected to be quite prodigious; his name was to be everywhere coupled with that of Plus IX, and the whole regiment of French clergy were to be en- rolled in the service. Ali these castles have melted With the “cloud capt towers. the feOUs pa- . ke ,” and bave vanished into thin air. The more he was invited the more the Moly Father would not come, But seriously the mati General C: ter appears likely now to de- 0 of whatever little chance he jection. has been threwn upon his d their abortive results, and they before to regard them as serious and bona fide, now look om them asa mere election- coring trick. care, the majority of Louis Napoleon would it, but unlees matters should fotervene &@ majority asto put th question. His supporters augment Tespectability. Of the Paris journal: Teputation or influence, with th 4 Siecle, are in his favor, des bich at first declared for Cavaignao, has re- t thie mement it is neuter, bit no doubt be: jection it will come ont strong for Louis Ni The Constitutionnel, the Presse, end all the sof the moderate party support him.-— Poleon. other jou The few journals which are organs of the red repub- lic of eourre support Ledra Rollin, but ss his candida- ture is a hopeless ir, it is peediess to mention it,— lared for Prince Louis. Thus Barrot, Montslembert, Leon Fancher, &o.. &c.,im a word. all the leading members of the old Chamber are for him. All the general offi. dére, from Bugeavd downwi with the exception of General Lan,oriciereand General Cavaignac himeelf, arealeefor bim, “You ms} Juage from this whate slender chance General Cavaignac will have The conference to be held by ministers appoluted by France and England, for the settlement of the differ- ences between Austria and Northern Italy, is decided to be beld at Brussels. Sir Henry Ellis is to represent Engiand,and M. de Tocqueville, France, The con- ference, however. wiil probably be postponed until af- ter the nomination of the President and, in that case, as thege will be a change of ministry, it is not improba- dle that the appeintment of M. de Tocqueville, which has bien made by Gen Cavaignac, will be revoked, Already lists are handed about of the cabinet which struction bo he a Louis be elected, MO. Barrot will Gen. B comms ; M. Pas nd M Leon Fancher, Minis- not improbable also that in the event of the success of Prince Louis, may be elected President of the Assembly. ‘he duration of the Assembly will main!: result oftheelection If Prince Lot be speedily dissolved. If Caval will probably be maintained for the Presidency. The reason of this Assembly has a strovg majority ho leon and favorable to Gen. Cavaignac. solved and another elected, the majority would be just the other way. Panis December 11, 1848. The Pension Difficulty—Terrible Disclosures—The Election— Causes of Napoleon's Success, $c. Eveate of great importance have occurred since the ate of my last, and which, like many others which have signalized the present year, have been most un- expected The firet isthat which is now talked of as the infamous pension lst. The origin of this was as follows:—Immediately after the revolution of Feb- Tuary, a committee was appointed to select such in- dividuals as bad suffered in their person or purses, for their political opinions, under the régime of Louis Philippe, or who had suffered for the events of the re- cent revolution, and to decide on the manner in which the republic was to compensate them. Three categories ‘were to be formed, twote be endowed with life pen- sions of different amounts, and the third to be reward- ed either by honorary distinctions or pecuniary gifts. This committee continued its labors until the com- the wil menorment of lant September, when its report and lists of persons propared to be rewarded, were submitted to the government. of which Gen. Cavaigoac was then the ohivf. and M. Separd, Minister of the Interior On the 10th of that month, Gen. Cavaignac accordingly ented to the Chamber « project of law, signed by Bioneeit and counterrigned by M Seoard. by which the pensions. gifte and dietinctions proposed by the com- mittee of, national recompenses, were to be granted eed conferred to the individuals named in the said lists. According to the ordivary coure, this, like all other jot wan submitted Loa committes of the Axgembly ire being adopted, the duty of such committee being to eramine into the grounds of the propored grant. and Teport thereon to the Assembly. This committee na- turally demanded the lists of individuals to whom there extentive grants were to be made, with the grounds upon whick thelr ‘respective clatms rested. Mach hesitation warevinced in the production of the lists and before they were forthcoming M. Senard was re- moved from the ministry, and wan tucceeded by M. Dufaure. At length.and afte: much delay and aifMf- culty. the persistance of the committee forced the lists from the government, and they were accordingly pre- sented by M. Dufavre last week: bat on presenting them, be announced te the committe that the govern- ment had abandoned the propord project of law, On examining the jiste, the astonishment and indig- pation of the committee were quite unbounded. They found there the names of the accomplices aud friends cf aN thie aevassin« ond political murderers which were rendered notorions by their crimes under the mo- pareby of Louis Philippe. There were found the cbidren of Pepin, the aroampliee of Fiexeht; the re- latives of Leeomte, eho made the atro tempt in the torert of Fontaimbleau; the families of persons who bad comaitted murders on the police and the military; Individualr who had bern condemned to the galieys for ussatsination; thivves, robbers, and persons eon. vieted of outrage agwost religion. To crown ail, there was found there the quonduin prostitute of Fiesobt and whoexbibited herrelf for bire afterwards in the Café de la Bourre Besides thene, were found propowd an objects for national reward, the members of the Committee of National Reeompenre them-elves, who Feccmmended them. Also, M Armand Marrast, the President of the Asrembly ; M Fioson. ex Minister ; M. Reourt Prefect of the Seine: M Gervais \artted Prefect of Poice; M_ Bartide. Minister of Foreiga Af- fairn; Covrridie ho bad fled underthe charge of ep attempt egainet the Asrembly. and Barbés, Blanqui, end the other prisoners of Vinaennen, An attempt war mada to rmother these liste, but the thing waa Imporsible, The members of the Ascombly getting d into the committees room they got intothe wind of them, ru: copied them, ap hae No deceription can «ffectuslly conve: duced throughout the country by Their publi ‘be government instantly became conscious of ¢! e natioval bounty; and it has been said there gifts, wae still more nviduals on whom this benefit was rained on the eubjectin ch you will and you will there perceive how ent attempted to get outcf the wing the knowledge of the contents of to which, notwithstanding, it had recom- pensions to be granted. To counteract in some measure the injuriouseffect of the publication of these lists, the government commit- ‘ted another fault, which the eve. t proved. was still ight of the debate in the Acsem- ‘ained at the post cifiee, and in- at their usual hour of 6 M, were hept till midnight, bile the government em- ployed ail the large printing offices of Paris in printiag ff millions of copies of the exculpatary and apologetic epreches of General Cavaignac and M. Dufaure, on this subject. The wails were loaded with these, being filled with (hem both iveide and out to the exclusion of psssea- gere The alarm epread in the pi ows by this de- Jey of the mails was extreme. Paris was said to be in the Naticpal Aerembly, the English jou Jamely the ‘go reepond: pended and business dameged by this measure, wan of course great; and, together wit the pubhoation of the lists themselves. ita effects on the wignec was fatal, Even before thir, there was not the siightest hope that Gen Cavaignac would obtein a majority. His only chance of election was that the majority of Prince Louis Na- poleon might not be such as ix required by the consti- tuti d that the election would go iato the hands of mbly. E: hance was considered to be ich I have just referred. g, the examination of the votes is going on all over France, and partial results are report- ed trom every quarter, As yet. there reauits give almost invariably an immense majority for Priuce Louis, It ', before | close this letter, { may be such informat m respecting the of the result with while, I must re- tno one now doubts of the final nomination Louis. The journals of bis competitors give Up the thing as lost. ‘To-day, the Courrier Francuis, one of the organs of Lamartine, says that Prince Louis may be considered as elected, and the tone adopted by the journa's of Gen. Cavaignac render their despair only too evident. 8. obi jx departments into which France is 6 aecertained to have receive eral of these hi mojority of votes in tion will be almost There are, ho in the other t d_ populous, in which there will be almost the same unanimity in favor of Gen. Cavaignac Looking at France from across the Atlantic, at a dis- tance sc great as to render invisible ull the more minute springs ef political action, you will doubtless find it dificult to understand how the young republic can heritate between Gen. Cavaignac, an unquestionable republl 5 a Pri Louis, impersonation of monarehical reaction. therefore, be unse- cepiabdle to you to give here a brief view of the grounds upon which the moderate party, as they are called, ure determined to oppote Gen. Cavaignao and to support will not altcgether cere, and ai many motives which are unexplained and unacknow- ledged. The following however, in substance, the apology which the moderate party, constituting the t wejority of the country, now about to we ave seen many governments destroyed y uta they bave committed; the duration of the republio, therefore, will de which it governs France. It is democratic; that is, it ie not atio republis, Whe Venice,nor ia it a demagoguic and socialistrepublic. What we, the immense mojority of France, demand, ine republic with order; that is, without the elubs which disorganize and deprave thu people daily, fro morning to night, without peace or truce—the Property, to the great Frejudice of the poor, by preventing the former from giving employment to the latter—the republic. which thall not drive out from our country the fabrication of articles of luxury, the main aliment of our forvign commerce. Ip sucha republic possible? That is a secrot of heaven. apy cose. it is the only one that can be acknowledg: hho are the man who and a. No in power? They are the imperceptible minority in number, Frofoundly i ble, completely inexperienced. would nevertheless mo- nopolize all officer, without having a slogle person ca- pable of filling ; they who have created ministers by legerdemain, and of what materia covld not find in their ranks « ring'e diplomatic agent presentable to foreign courte—they peo the sdmipwtration with what! Prefects Who, belonging town a9 removable. ffogrersive taxation. and public tosrruc- tion acoerding to eee of M. Carnot, which would ecempel every father of a family te Vere) his children under the tuition of professors teaching the doctrines of scolaitem. It is thus that General Cavaignac is tied hand and foot to this party and there principles. To vote, then, for General Cavaigoac. is to vote for there men aad these principles; and it is for this reason that the mo- derate party will not vote for General Cavaignac, acknowledging at the same time the debt that society owes to him personally, for his conduct in the insur- rection of Jane. SA AT ‘We adopt M. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, not only becaure by bim we elude the other party, but because we approve bim. We will not adopt as to our candidate the language of flattery. We. for our part, say plainly, M. Bonaperte is not aman of genius. But. is Geo Cava goac? M. Bonaparte did not gain the battles of Rivoli and Marengo. ror make the civil code Did General Cavaignec? M. Louis Bonaparte is an honest, sensible, educated, modest, and perfectly reasonable wen, end these qualities are worth more than man! others. M. Louis Bonaparte has for his supporters all moderate men With him, we sball have the republic honest and rational, instead of demagoguic; an army properly organized, equitable taxation, free edueation, an irremovable magistracy; in short, a wise adminis- tration, selected from the talent and experience of the country, in substitution of the commisearies of the provisional government, Panrs, Deo, 18, 1848, Result of the Election, $c. I take up the pen from day to day, as the events in the midst of which we are develope themselves. These events are big with importance. It is not the fate of France only which hangs upon them, but probably the peace of Europe. The people closed its great work of the election of a Chief of the State on Monday even- ing at J o'clock. The results were gradually oozing out yesterday. Last night we reecived intelligence ot partial returns from various departments. and this merning we are in porsestion of the principal portion of the returns of Furis, and the Banlieu, of 22 depariments. The result of the eleotion is no longer doubtful; Prince Louis Napoleon will be return ap overwhelming mojority. At the three fourths of @ million of votes remaining third being distributed between Gen: Cavaignac, Ledru Rojlp. Kaspail, aod Lamartl lat having an insignificaut fraction, Who that members, as you must do, the immenre popularity of Lamertive jest Merch,when hir — ions orowd- +d with flotterers, could believe it possible that he would now be unable to obtain even one percent of the rufireges? Such however, are the vicissitudes of politicnl life in democracies. Of the thirty six millions of souls that constitute the population of France, there are eighteon mil- Of there eighwen willions, about 9 millions are above 21 Lene conrtitute, under the t the electorn, Judging by lated that about seven mii! their voter od of these reven millions, preted that Prince Louis wiil have little less than five, Gen. Cavaignacis by dercent, by family. by associstion, and by o staunch republican He isoppored elalitm and to the red republic; be is. ft derate but firm republic Freneb people were ‘0 ott the could not have been doubtful— Ge ig: would have beew ele But the truth m be told, b. it may be to there who derire to ogression of ations tow. democracy — France is not republican, This in the rimple. the inoontwstible, trutl The election of Prince Louis ix nothing mor the rolemn protestation of the French act of the provisional government in February by it proc.aimed the republio It proclaimed that rep without contultipg the nation hen Benaparte bimeeit to the imperial throne, he put the ques- An Empenor, or not?’ to the whole people ; and was decla.ed emperor by four millious of votes ‘The provisional govet nment did not dare do thie with the rep “ Arepubhe or no republic 2"? was never arked of the French people Had it been no. the gative would have been protested by one univers ebrut of indignation Ibir may be displeasing to Lghtened person of intell- ctual progress—they mi think that in the growth of people an epoch will com when they can govern themerlves without the pageant or the fiction of s monarehy; they will ree this with deep regret, But itie not the less true. and it is not the lees necessary (bat thore whore duty it is to report the truth should say it Meapwhile, what will be the rerult? What will be the next step to follow thie solemn protert Sapersonn- ted by Prince Louis, Inealled im the little of the Elyrée Bourbon, bow lw main there? There are questios preevme to answer, The general imp: vither the present Assembly or the Leg ber, which must soom succeed jt, | submit to unt. | family w I suffrage the question of @ rey Pp jo If & large majority repo: then will come the terrmble tark of of the last year. and of reprensin, which wii] probably arise by the reatatai publican party laa it is Such germ of there events wh: ie in the womb of the future, and which it will be wy duty to detail to you, from weekto week, during the ensuing year. Panis. December 14, 1818. The President's Cabinet, $c. To what I have written, I have little to add that may not have been expected from what | have already d. We are receiving, hourly, bulleti from the departments which swell more and more the majority of Prince Louis, It is now calculated by rome, that he will actually be returned by six-sevenths of the entire number of votes. Such unanimity amonget a great people, om euch & political question, is without any previous example. Even the Emperor, when be put the establishment of the imperial tbrone to the cholee of the country, war only rwsponded to by four millions of voices. His nephew will, on the pre- tent oceasion, undoubtedly receive a much larger number. im conference the The advisers of the Prince w most of yesterday. as to the formation of hie firat oabi- net The individuals composing this will beMM Odilon Barrot. Achille Fould. Leon Faucher, Leon de Malle- Ville. Drouin del'Huys, Gen. Oudi=ot, and «ome others, not yet peitled ‘The distribution of the offices among them in not defpitviely retried. in a few instances, Foula bs the command of the National Guard. and the garriso: of Paris. The report whieh | if money market, will show how seriou circumstances have produced on the terests. ‘The Cholera in the South and West. Heautu or N.On.gans—The weather yesterday again became dump, and lost j uch of that bracing character which it had assumed during the previous 24hours. The “rkiey influences,” at all times eccentric during the winter in New Or- leans, have been lately more than usually variable; in fact, 1t would be difficult for the meteorolo; to follow the march of mind and weather, 80 as to exhibit anything hke a regular series of tables, to mark correctly their fluctuations. For an index to the state of the health of the city, we do not think we can do better than to point-to the report ot the Charity Hospital, and the returas from the ceme- terics. Perhaps it would be idle and profidess to hazard any conjecture as to the aspect which the cholera will wear to-morrow; like all other epide- mics, we presume it will yun its course, and hence, we may denive this negative consolation, that the lenge ot each day brings us nearer to its end. anity Hosrrtat— Report for the 24 hours, ending Jart evening at 6 0 clock :-- Admitted of Asiatic cholera. wee B . 80 . encial in- Adwitted of other diseases. Totals sss. sescseesee 1 Dirobarged of Ariatio chclera. rs Died of Asiatio cholera, . + 89 Died of other diseases. . 2 Total... cesses ssecvcccsesceccccsscceces 4 N. O. Times, Dec. 28 Grorcs W. Reeper.—This gentleman, so well known in this community as a writer of sketches, and reporter for the newspapers of this city, died yesterday, of cholera. Mr. Reeder was for some ume connected with this paper, and his contri- butions were much admired and cojied. He pos- teeeed a fine fund of humor, a happy wit, great command of language, a pectica! imagination and temperament. In disporition, he was liberal and confiding. His heart was full of kindaess and fi nerosity--his sympathies were ever ready in behelf of objects of suffering and distress. Poor George! A few hours betore his death, his ready wit sported with the terrors of the pestilence, and bis ranguiie disposition treated ite a proach with indifterence. The suddes death of a younger brother checked this confidence, and ere the corpse of that brother was consigned to the tomb, he himself was seized with cholera, and died ina fw hours. His death was not unlamented: for all who knew hie talents and virtues willever cherish the remembrance thereof. Mr. Reeder was a natve of St. Mary's county, Maryland. He has Iefta wife ond a large circle of triends to lament his untimely death —N O. Delta, Dec 27. The Mobile Register and Journal of the 27th ult. that all the necersery precautions have been mM to prevent the cho'era im th: yy Nocase has originated, or exi d the change in the wea- ther gi ttrorg hope that the oity will entirely es- cape the pertilence. No Cuoiera 1x Cincinnats.—We feel duly autho- rized. frm the infermation in cur posession, to state that there is no cholera in this city, and that there has deep none since the prerent excitement commenced, The Beard of Health bave beem watcbfa’,and they do not report amy such disea’ A few deaths have occar- red that by some were thought s disease similer to the cholera, Fut sueb dieeases were, we are confident, brought on by exposure, and by the late extraordiuary weather, To show that raid abov we copy below the held a full meeting yesterda: Jun 1, Heaurn or Lovisvitir.—The most exaggerated and groundless rumorr im regard to the heaith of Louisvilie are in circulation. Tnese rumors have been industri- cusly propagated throughout the country, and hav. fected the business of the city. In order to satisfy our readers in the country, we have mase careful inquiry cfeome of our mort intelligent physicians, and have learned frcm them that Louisville in in # remarkable degree exempt from direa-e at the present time. Iure- lation to the cholera, not » single cane of that dircare bar yet appeared here. Whenever any well authenti- cated case does occur we shall immediately inform the bile of it. M4 Reports bave alro gone abroad to the effect that amall pox war mebing extene've ravages here. T'wo or three weeks ago there were an unusual number of cases of that direare bere. but they bave generally been cured, present there is but little of it in this city.— ille Journal, Jan, 1, Sinautar Arrarr—Ronpery at a Music Store. --Ou Saturday evening, between @ix and seven o’clock, the music store ot Johnson & Co. was en: tered by mrune of a false key ; two guitare, and several veluabie flutes, tuning forks, and violins were taken therefrom. The circumstances at- tending the robbery were very peculiar, and in- volve a thrilling adventure, in which a young lady was theherowe The young man who attended the store, had closed the place just before stx o’clock, and proceeded to his home .n Spring Gar- dep, intending to accompany his sister to Wilson's conceit. He had made the agreement with his sister dunng the duy, but she misundersteod the place of m: eun; Accoidingly, she proceeded to the store, expecting to meet her brother there; bat 1m thig.she was mistaken. The store was ciosed, but a Jightover the main entrance thereto attract- ed her attention, and che tried the door and tound it open. lighted candle in his band, standing behind the counter. The young lady, not knowing but that he might be connected with the establishrent, asked bim if her brother hed gone ont. He re- plied yes, but world be back im about an hour. She stood musing whether to wait for him, or to proceed to the house ot an acquaintance, not far distont, and the man stepped round the counter and walked towaids the froutdoor. He held the candle in his band, and his manner indicated that he would like the young lady to retire. She took the bint, and said, “1 suppose, sir, that you wisa to close the store?” “Yes, replied he, and she of couee, without further ceremony, took her depar- twe. Shortly after thie event, she incidentally met a) ourg gentleman with whem she had an ae- quaintance, and to him she related the story. It Instantly flashed acrors bis mind thatthe man was 4 thief, and the intelligence was immediately given at the police office. A party of officers pro- ceeded to the store, aud found that a number of atticles hed been taken, and that the thiet had gone to parts unknown —Philudephia Republic. Woman Devovuren sy Woxves.—A deplorable occurrence took plece im the township ot Roxbo- rough. ip the resr of Cornwall, on Monday, 18th ult, A woman reriding ip the rear of the townabip left her home for the purpore of visiting ® neighbor who lived at the distance of a mile anda balf orso. Not re. torpirg at dark 9s her husband expected, he proce: ded 1) fewcb of her,and on pasting through @ piece of burb, he ebrerved a couple of wolven burily devouring emetbing orother He chaced the apimnis «ff, when, to bit horror, he discovered the mangled remains of hie wif)e—io fact there was nothing left excepting « pirce cf the il-fated woman's breast, We have not Lenard wbether ap inquest was held upon the remains; bet itthe coroner hae not already investigated the matter, it is not yet too late to do #0.— Cornwall Free- holder. . Exvosvrg.—On Thursday lust, while some gen- temen Were gi boing on Captai’s Island, ear the Pow der Mayaziue, they dixcovered w female partly con- cooled ip ® bower, coprtructed of ploe boughs, whieh the bed gathered for the purpore. covered with snow whieh had fa taen up ber de in her pew bal beep there two day aod two nighte frost briten. and itis probable she could mot have lon swivived. Her heme i and Wer on w viKit to On entering, she observéd aman with a ; Region— Movements of the Emigrants. The enthusiasm which was so general here and elsewhere, d few weeke since, 18 apparently on the wane, £0 far at least as being the all-absorbing topic of conversation ; but persons who now really in- tend migrating have adopted a quiet but active course, and their opcrations—many of which we know to be extensive—are not made public, or un- derstood, beyond their own circle ; 80 that to esti- mate the number moving in the matter is quite out of the question. Independent, however, of the many individuals who have already started for San Francisco, both by land and sea, there are numerous associations forming, as well here as in many other cities of the United States, to proceed there; and several vessels are on the point of sailing which have been purchased, manned, and loaded by clubs of young men, mutually agreed to share alike the com- forts, the profits, and the privations. To those who purpose going, and have deter- mined upon taking the sea route, we would recom- mend to them strongly the propriety of making no engagements until they have personally inspected he accommodations of the vessel, and ascertain- ed from the underwriters her standing, as regards capabilities and sea worthiness. This is easily efleeted. No insurance office will refuse the in- ormation, and when obtained trom this source, it may be relied upon as being correct. We have been induced to offer these suggestions with a hope of putting those who are ignorant of these matters upon their guard, as there are speculations on foot, originating from selfish and dishonest motives, offerig grand inducements to entrap the uninitiated and the stranger into schemes that would eventually, if not immediately, destroy all their prospects of reaching their desti- nation. Unless the originators and the indi- viduals forming these associations are well known, and the ship to which they are attached bears a good name, and a clear story be made, no atten- ton ehould be paid them. Such asthese we would have all avoid, as being entirely unworthy of the least confidence. It is a matter of more impor- tance than 1s generally thought of, to the well-be- ing of passengers going on a voyage to the Pacific, that the vessel 18 staunch and capable, and pos- ies to ensure a small share of com- Persons who would lose sight of this fact, and for the sake of a tew dollars engage a passage without taking these precautions, ought, and will, no doubt, sufler. There area large number of vessels of all classes now upat this port for San Francieco; of which one- halt, at least, are nearly, if not entirely, unsea- worthy and uneafe for a short voyage, much less for one around Cape Horn. The list of those ad- vertised 18 large, but it is doubtful if they all receive sufficient encouragement to give them a start; already, we notice many that were up have been withdrawn: Since the steamer California sailed, October 6, the following vessels have left for the Pacific, many of them sailed before the gold excitement broke out, end are destined for the various ports gn the coast, between Cape Horn and the mouth of the Columbia River. Itis, however, very pro- bable that they will all eventually reach Calitor- nlai— FAILED FROM NEW YOR’ selon ; ‘ator, brigs Robert Broce, and Sacrai Those marked thus * were employed by govern- ment as transports. Steamships Edith, Mississip- pi, California, and Oregon, have also left since October. The two former are government ships laden with supplies. From Borton.— Ships Leland; Sophia Walker; Inde- pendence ; Barks, Carib; Elvira; Brighton; Prompt; JW. Coffie. tae Bultimore,— George % Henry ; Saldana; Tre- wort. Krom Salem.— Zotoff ; Sterling. From Pbiladelphia,— Louisiana. Those above enumetaied ate all that have sailed from the United States direct to the Pacific, and the number of persons gone out with them wil not exceed, exclusive of the tmeops, three hundred, which, added to the parties that have proceeded; via the Isthmus, will swell the list to about cight or nine hundred only. At this city the following vessels are advertised for California, about two thirds of which only will probably leuve,; Ships—Orpheus, Albay, Brooklyn, Tabamaroo, Terolpta, South Carolina, Massachuretts, Thomas Dickaron. Capitol, Daniel Webster, Serah and Eliza, Morrison, Robert Bown and Apollo. Barks—Herralia, Madora, Peytona. Croton, Eliza, H. Newell, Mazepps, Aun Walsh. Zidon, Rolla, Vernon, Mopang, Victory, Borne Adel (French) Morietts, Edinbur; K Wolcott, 8, and Ocean Bird ; to. ginia, Joseph Hewett, W. G. Tiackstaif, Papeme, Hartford. At Boston there are twenty-two vessels up, at Philadelphia, six Baltimore five, Charleston one, Salem one, Mystic one, New London one, New Bediord one. The steamer Panama will leave between the 5th andfl0th of next month, touching at Rio Janeiro and Valparaiso. Isthmus of Panama. We annex anotber accoant of this interesting Isthmus, compiled by # gentleman of the highest re- spectability of this city, which, it will be seen, tallies in all rexpeots with the description given by our previous correspondent“ Viator.” After describing the bay and harbor of Chagres, he proceeds as follows A reef extends fiom @ neck of land from the western sbore, terminating in what is caled the bar of the a Steamers— river, over which twelve feet can be carried with safety. | ‘The channel at the entrance is very marrow, and & tunken rock im the middle, ov-r which the eva breaks, which im going in must be left on the starboard hand: | them run directly for the land just to the eastward of the fort, avd when clore in shore haul round the Walls of the fort, within twenty yards; and when above the town anchor pear the bunk of the river. Seilsbould not be taken in until you anchor, or the curlemt may drift you back towards the bar, and give much troub.e in hevging and warping. Atier being viertea from the oustom house, we were permitted to land with cur beggsge in a cayuca, (a6 Ube canoes are caliedy which took us to @ mud flat, which extended irom the town about 200 feet, nearly ¢ff to the channel of the river. Over this mud flat we Were carried Op negrOer, bucks, Who sank ankle deep at every siep to the shore, where we picked our way through the mud by stepping from sioae to stone te the custom hour. where our trunge were opened and Undirwent ® very scrutineing examination Atter which, we took them to the hotel; bat such « hotel ! A Wicker Work, juck siraw hou-e. piastered inside and Cut With clay oF med, with no flooring but mud, aud the root thatched with palm leaves; aod we bad the Privilege Of prying two Gollars a dey for two ordinary Wesis, avd & Leked cot to sleep On, and extra charges for wheat breed eta milk, Chegies ie # mirerabie looking place of some 160 or 200 mud buts, reoied with paim Drenches, and con- teint about 600 cr 600 imbabiisuts. mostly negroes and muiattoes, aud “choles” cr baif breed Indians = [ aw ovly one white man in the piace, and he wae e “rubio’ irem Curscos; be was tbe Collector of the port, rnd bad a negro wife The‘ rublos are» mixed race of the white aud pegro biood. and generally het wredoied treckied fece, curly red bair, end Hight eyes ‘The town ty Dut on Keempy land. nearly surroun ed by legoone of muddy water, Bled as tar as the cen peveirate with reeds aud bigh cane grass, full YeLomeur reptile® 4G Mseote ; potsonous serpents are faid to offen be rem about the Aireets and houses,— From the continue) rains, the streets are Knee deep WG Aud ONY parable by stepping on loge and large loner paced #! ROME ditlance Kpart, there might ones Lave beew paving, but itis HOW BU KMllied loose by the Terk. Ip wll pore ef (be worid | have vielted, | never *aw OVE THIDY Weather and euch heavy torrente of it as on this Iethmus, ama ail through the province of Cheeo frem the river St. Juan of the Pacific, river Atrete, or Darien, which empties into the Atlant #no | om informed it ie 89 ihe Ww yole year round, 11 DO dy Fearon exer pt ® short in! 1 of neoreaing Uprbine for ® few n rome 4 The nights ns sleRGy wil PigOt, thouge d miseme drawn up from the nauseous swampe, whild’the sun does shine, creat: steam or vapor, which is horrible te the ell, and is Jul) of pest No traveller should land here if he can help it; but if he can obtain @ “osyuca,”’ go di. rect from the vessel up the river. for @ single week's resicence here would Kness, and t. Even the natives are puny. mirerable looking set of beings always with agues, fevers, and other diseases. JOURNEY UP THE RIVER CRUCES. large cayucas which 4 in the umall the latt one to two days im getting nights on the river, made fas: to the limb of a tree, anditrainivg continually The large cayucas are often Asmall cance arrow. yoen are long, low, and very narrow, with » rebed “toldo,” or awning, about seven feet long, covered with plantain leaves, under which the x has to lie the whole time, with hardly room to They are made thus low, to kvep swept away by the branches and vines hanging over the of th whioh they are obliged to keep out of the strength of the current. In the river is so narrow that the branches of ing over its banks nearly Intertwine to- gether; and though I think it navigable to Cruces, or even up to San Juan, (a few leag emai shallow steamboat c.eoked, with so many current so rapid, they would require powerful n then, meet with many impediments. eo and saw: ines; ‘here 8 to be removed, and p their branches from . The river will, sometimes, cer heavy rains, rise, in twenty-four hours, eight or ten feet; and echirugt ¢ fall, om account of the ‘The ping off the funni nery, after ascending utiful—the trees and vines, f rich variegated huvs, over- bang the banks of the river; while, here and there, as point, are seen, in the open vistas beyond, jer, hills, and towering mountains, with the clouds wreathing along their sides—now then ob- sournng their summits, then rolling away, in the dis- tance exporing them for a few moments to the bright raye of the sun in all their magnificent verdure, with bere and there a small “hacie: and rude hut, sur- rounded with waving corn. cane, and plantain trees; while there ure continually crossing and re- crossing, overhead, large flocks of noisy green parrots, paroquete, and wild pigeons, with y other snail and jarge birds of beautiful plumage; and while a per- son is musing in wonder snd admiration at this mag. t scenery of nature, down come shower of rain, which obscures the who! pate im to 1 at Panama in which I could and it being roported very upbealthy at the first-mamed city, from the pre- valiing of s contagious dysentery, I resolved to spen ime at Gorgona and Cruces. | went ash Gorgona, which is small village, elevated on Jand about thirty feet above the river, I found people very hospitable and kind, and spent s week With them, boarding in the best hou in the place tor one dolier de haif per day. The houses are much ‘Chagres, bi nd kept in much inhabitants mostly have farms or baciendas not far from 1! river, where they ra'se abun: e of corn, some rice, tains, and other tropical fruits, and , and other roots. Around and in be sven many dogs, ducks, chickens, and many heep horse mules. It ‘8 many inhabitants as Chagres. d from bi ‘hagres. to Panama, whioh intersects bout three leaguas from beabout the same dis- but is not se much travelled the velling wee m shorter. But bis object was to get his mules employed to take me there; yet what he said may be true; but I 4 the most frequented route is a mountain, about a le: from the vil- |, which travellers often ascend, to have a view of the Atlentic and Pacific, which can be seen on a clear di 1} ‘Kiter spending a week here, 1 it up in a canoe te Cruces, which is about farther up. Here I feund the people qui d hospitable, and, in fact, every way like thore at Gorgona The towa is & 7, ond the houses much better, many of them baving boarded floors and tiled roofs. There is # cbureh here 0; the church mostly fa ruins, Used for worship; but it is 1 Dourded at Senor Aixvino- vole and muleieers. sat Gurgons; bus the living Due vld man, very escomuy- either way over the isthrus to apead their time there Je waiting for o vessel at either port, as it is the Ithiest place on the isthmur; and ove may am himrelf with gunning, fisbing. fandangovs, kc. Tae town is built upon an elevated situation, on two small bills, interrecting euch other in thy form of a cross, from which I suppose it takes its name of Cruces, ROAD FROM CRUCES TO PANAMA. 1 remained here fortnight and then and muleteer $3 more, m early breakfast and arrived late in the afiernoon,it rained nearly all the way ; the road or mule path was in the worst of order. It was once paved in many places with huge round stones, but they were all washed loose by the raine, and the path guilied y im many places, s0 that the mules bad at almost every atep to pick their way between them, ttepping in holes cf mud and water up to their girths; and in many places the path is gullied away eo d | aud narrow that one is obiiged to haul up his le; keep them from being bruised by projecting rocks and 8 itis like ascending and de- ps, with deep holes in them worn by the muten’ feet, stepping single Ble after each other, with difhcuity withdrawing their feet, as these holes are filled with @ wet clay almost of the consistenoy of putty. A person not accustomed, would hardy be ble to pick bis way afoot without meeting with many Even the eure-footed mule ofcen makes an ip throws his rider over his bead. to the danger of life or limb, against the creggy rocks. or plump in the mud ena It is really surprising the poor animals can get along at all, with such 'y burthens; they do often fall under them, and her there the road isstrewed with their boues. Their bac: joulders, and bips are oiten crueily lucerated by ohafes, and the kin torn from their legs by the rocks they bave to | step betw ® little trouble and ex- penre. by widening, paving and cutting Touds might be kept 1u goed order. Nothing ap) have beem done to keep them in repair, since the country became free from the dominion of old Spain. But mule owners command higher freight than they would get if it was kept In order.* A geeat part of the way the ravines and mule-pathe are completely cov- ered cver by the branches of trees vines uniting togetber wcrors the road, scarcely admitting light enough to pick the way,and one must keep his hat tied on his bead. or often get it knocked off, and his bead witb it. if be does not stoop low, by the branches, vines, aud old trees that extend overhead across the reed. A cargo for a mule is 300 pounds, and goods are genersily put up in waterproof packages of 150 pounds At various places anne the roud are seen haciendas, and opeurenchos or huts, and women swinging list- Jesrly dp their bemmocks, or ritting on mate, smoking cigariilon, while their litte naked red skin half indian children are playing abeut on the clay floors, and g00d Jcohing cattle greving In the fields, The soil is exceeding rich, being a deep loam, the color of Spauish brown, pioducing corn, sugar cane, rive, beans, peas, melons, avd all the tropical fruits, if cultivated, in great abundance; but here they only cultivate enough for home eonrumption, and a little for Panama market. A mite indolent, lasy looking set no one ever saw, and yet they look fat and heart; and the women, who are Keperally thort in stature, with very remarkable small feet, ano well turned apkler, bave, tome of them, very pretty featuren, with jong glorey biack hair, and large full lustrous biack eyes; indeed, many of the young “Choias” (as the Indian women are called.) are quite bavdscme, and all very kind and hospitable to eta ¥ Ponama is @ compact city, walled all around, and mated, witb only one entrance from the country, over & wartive stone bridge of one arch, then througtra stone wiched yate way into the city It is situaved in the bottom of & beautiful randy buy, and built mostly on Juve that bar flowed out into thy sea from some ancient Yo cane, orervption of nature, one layer flowing over the other, and bardenipg. until it forma a point, jutting out into theres neme distance from the walls of the city, over which the tide flows up and washes against the Walls, which in come piaces are undermined by tne waver of the rea. ‘The tide rie feet, (other accounts tay twenty two feet,— eld.) leaving the iava-rocks, whic! Cirtanee off. where one can pick up beautifa an cyster Ships bave to ley a long distance off from the shore, 6n sccount of the shatiowners of the water; and cargoes ODLy be Janced sod taken off at high water, trom the export aud impor hrough wbich ail goods have to para. Merchant vesrels very seldom touch bere For 36 da: only the British war steamer Cormerent, one and the Peravien rebeener in which Ite bigh here t mur Hotel, im the pi seqvainted with the p bower forone dollar per day ; two dcliare per day; but now. on account of the great surh of travelier® across the Isthmus towards the goid a. charger may bave increared teo 8 different companies are trying to m: y acconnte rect ved, via Jamaica, wo perceive that the Crucee 10 be re pairea by the K, ge Ludia Stearn Vormpaay, ranudia to build a railroad from Cruces to Pa) gbt, and doing steambont par as that up Chagres river ; and that is, by making @ railroad direct from Porto Bello to distance said to be not over twenty ich could be done, I think. at less ex- pene than from Chagres with # steamboat connected wi it. ame, Whe City of San Francisco; [From'the Califorais Star } Yerba Buena, (Sun Francisco) the name ef our town, which meuns “guod herb,” ituated on the south westside ot the priocipal arm of San Francisco bay, about five m:lestrom the ocean, on a narrow neck of land, vars ing from four to ten miles in width —the narrowest place being sixteen mies southwest of the town. It is in lat. 37 45 N. This narrow strip of land 18 about sixty miles in length, extending trom the point formed by the bay and the ocean, to the vailey of San Jose. The site of the town is handsom: and commanding— being an inclined plane ot about a mile in exteat from the water’s edge, to the hills in the rear. Two points of land—one on each side, extending into the bay, form a crescent, or small bay, in the shape of a crescent, in froot, which bears the name of the town. These points afford a fine view of ‘he surrounding country—tne snow-capped mountains in the distauce—the green valleys be- neath theru—the beautiful, smooth qnd uaruffled bay im front and oneither side, at once burst upon theeye. There is in tront ofthe towna small island, rising high above the surtace of the bay, about two miles long, and one wide, which 13 co- vereg the greater part of the year with the most exuberant herbage of untrodden freshness. This little island is about three miles from the shore. Between it and the town is the principal anchor- age. Here vessels of all nations res: in safety and peace, and their flags are displayed by the aroma- tic breeze. Two hundred yards from the shore, there 18 twenty-four feet water, and a short dis- tance beyond that as many fathoms. The beach immediately in front of the now business part of the town 18 shelving; but it will no doubt in a short time be filled up and become the most valuable partotthe place. | | The climate here is, in the winter, whichis the rainy season, damp and chilly. During the ba- lance of the year it is dry, but chilly, in conse- quence of the continual strong winds from the north and northwest. There is but little varia- tion in the atmosphere throughout the year; the thermometer ranging from fifty-five to seventy de- rees Fahrenheit Yerba Buena 18 one ot the most ealthy places on the whole coast of the Pacific. Sickness of any kind 1s rarely known among us. The salubrity of the climate—beauty of the site ot the town—its contiguity to the mouth of the bay— the finest harbor on tne whole coast in front—the Tich and beautiful country around it, all conspire to render it one ot the best commercial points in ) the world. Tne town isnew, having been laid off in 1839 by Capt. John Vioget; aad notwith- standing all the troubles in the country, hasgradu- ally increased in size_and importance. It now contains a population of about five hundred perma- nent citizens. Two years ago there were but about two hundred. Three miles south 1s the Mission Dolores on Mission creek, surrounded by armall valley of rich and beautiful land, The water from this creek can easily be brought by meuns of aqueducts to any pointto supply vessels, For the supply of the cit:zens_the best of well wa- ter is obtamed in every part of the town, by boring the distance of forty feet. In going south from Yerba Buena, the traveller passes over this narrow neck of land ; & most delightful region, interapers- ed with hills, va‘leys and mountuins—the valleys rch end beautiful—the hills covered wita tall pines red-wood and cedar, that have withstood the tem- pests and whirlwinds of acentury, and the moun- tains rising in majestic grandeur to the clouds. In passing out, the valley of San Jose opens to the view in all the loveliness of the climate ot Italy and beauty of the tropics. This valley is about sixty miles inlength, and ten in width. The Pue- blo, which means an incorporated town, 1s the principal place of business for the valley, and is about five miles trom Sunta Clara, the landing, on he bay, or as its termed here, ‘the embarcadaro.” Puseing cn trom here northeast, the traveller in a tew hours ride reaches the Straits, which separate the Susisun bay, formed by the confluenee of the Saciamento and San Joaquin rivers, from that ef San Pablo. Here itseems that the accumulated waters of athousand years had suddenly rent the opposing mountains asunder, and dowed with tree mendous torce to the great bosom of the deep. On the north side of the bay, from the straita to Sou silito, ia one of the finest districts of country 1n all Upper Culitornia Nextto Yerba Buena, Sousilito ts the best point on the whole bay for a commer- cial town. It isseven milesa litle east of north from this place, on the opposite side of the bay, and has long bern a watering point for vessels. An atiempt has recently been made to lay off and build up a town at the straits, to supersede the two last mentioned places. It will no doubt, how- ever, be an entire failure. San Francisco bay be- ing the sateet and most commodious harbor on | the entire coast of the Pacific, some point on it must be the great mart of the western world. We believe Yerba Buena 1s the point, commanding ag it does now, all the trade ot the surrounding coun- try, and there being already a large amount of capital concentrated here. The townot Yerba Buena is called in some of the old maps of the country San Francisco. It is not known by that name here, however. The town takes its name from an herb to be tound all around it, which is said to make good tea; and possessing excellent ee qualities, it 18 called good herb, or Yer- ba Buena. Movements Towards Californ We learn fron the Nantucket Inyuirer, t Aurore, Captain Seth M. Swain, was cleare two since for California Sho is the first vessel from Nantucket. and kas seventeen passengers and © cargo contisting principally of builcings framed, read; be put up, lumber, naval stores, provisions. candies She tukes ovt no intoxicating liquors. The crew receive one dollar a month apiece. for the yoyage out. with liberty to leave the sbip on her arrival at San Francitco. They and the passengers are principal young men. inteiligent, energetic and respectable aie reps, mostly mechanics, A joint stock com aleo organising ip Nantucket, to proceed to U shares fixed at $400 en Of her passeogers belong to Nantucket, five to fall River, and one to New York. The schooner Iowa. Howes, railed from Sag Harbor at 3 P.M , on the 4th instant, for San Franoiseo, touch- ing at Vaiperaico, She takes out three passengers. The bark Ocean Bird was despatched by # mercan- tile beuse in Brosd street, and carried out @ very valuable cargo ANOTHER ASSAY OF THE GOLD. Braxcn Mint . 1848 } Epirors Crescent :—In your journal of yesterasy, here was an official announcement o; arsays of Call- hia mint. It appears that owing @ variation of title 897 thousandths—the average being 894, er Mtandard ounce $18 50; the loss in melt- pg 2h per ce: nthe 25th November [ ed about sixty ounces of the said gold, deposited form of dust, by T. A Minard. and when melt- ed and a rayed, the total proved to be 805 Cur ¢tendard is 900 thousandth, 21.600 carats, $18 60. Their's, § ‘ 21.450 "18 60, ‘The lore in melting 620% 37dwt was 1 oz 63 dwt, or 26) percent, I kvow noreason why thia result should be coneicered extraordinary. On the 23th November I artayed Alaboma gold dust of the fineness of 046 thourand On the 10th of the sume month | assay- fpecimen of 23 thousandthe, In short, from tha: State, when well ys exceeds 900 thousandihs —our +tanderd; it falls below only whem the gold is alloyed with the quicksilver employed a¢ a flux to sepa- eit from the cre the California lot of gold was in the form cf flat epangles; there was an alloy of 105 te, of which 85 thourandths were estimated to be silver, and 20thourapdthe mercury. This mast have beep ® naturel and not an arlifictal combination Respectfully, Ww P HORT, Assayer. Case or Poisonina.--On Suaday afiernoon, the family of Mr. Conover, at Flatlands Neck, wentto chureb, and on returning, had coffee served up by the tamily servant, a colored girl, who had been lett at heme. Mr. Conover, his wife, and one of the children partook of the c#fire, and wereseized with violent vomiting. A physician was sent tor, who came to the conelnsien that they must have token some ; o1soning substance. Search being made ihrough the house, a white powder was touad in the room of the bluck girl, marked “arsenie,” and it was subsequently ascertained that she purchased itat Flatlands. Although she stoutly denies ail knowledge of the matter, there appears to be 10 doubt of her guilt. Raisins were also found rolled on the arsenic, which, it 18 suppoged, she intended to give to the younger children. On Saturday she bad been reprimanded for some deliaqueney, and {his was probably her mode ot obtaining revenge, The poisoned persons are in a fair way of recover+ ing —Brookiyn Advertiser, Jan, 4. Px Case ov Joseen Jewert.—The Criminal Court of Borton bave granted @ sulle prosequi in the ease of Joneph Jewell, who bas beva ooatioed in the ptison of that city for & year undes a charge of rape, {Mr Bodive the minister. about three miles from Washington Ca dentroyed by fire on Thureday last. Previously removed to Georgetown, The country reside