The New York Herald Newspaper, October 29, 1848, Page 1

ew Se ee ta E NEW NO. 5261. Y ORK HERALD. SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 29, 1848. TWO CENTS. AFFAIRS IN GERMANY.| ~ SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE oF THE : Waw YORE HURALD, Beri, Sept. 12, 1848. We are in the midst of a new and important ensis, which has already occasioned the downfall” of the Hansemann administration, and is likely to Jead to far more serieus consequences than the dissolution of one ministry and its replacement by another. The question at stake is of vital interest tothis nation, and one on which the preservation of its present and future liberties may be said to depend. It is well known that, before the revolu- tionary movements of last Spring, which shook every throne, from the confines of Russia to the shores of the Atlantic, Prussia was one of the t monarchies of Europe, and the resources ot the country were exhausted in keeping up an enormous standing army, whose chiet object ‘was to crush every. pitempe ot the people to throw off the intolerable burthen they groaned under. The whirlwind that swept over Europe after the three days of February, overturned the fabric of absolute monarchy in Prussia, as well as in other parts of Germany. After the events of the 18th of March, the king, who, a few short morths be‘or, had refused the most reasonable demands of his subjects, now hastened to grant everything that ‘was required of him, and to convoke the represen: tatives of the whole nation—not of the privileged classes, as heretofore—to aseist him in framing a constitution on the widest and most liberal basis. But in this transformation of the whole system of government, the army, that most effectual instru- ment of arbitrary rule, remained unchanged; a compact body of more than three hundred thon- sand men, drilled to passive obedience, and offi- cered by scions of the aristocracy, the devoted partisans of the old order of things, and the bitter enemies of innevations that threatened to curtail them of their most cherished privileges, stall con- tinued at the uncontrolled command of a mo- narch who can hardly be supposed to be sincere in his adhesion to a movement so utterly at variance with every principle of his former life, and so op- posed to what he has been taught to consider his regal dignity and prerogative. No wonder, there- fore, that a feeling of distrust 1s entertained against the army, enhanced by frequent collisions, in which the conduct of the officers has given rise to serious complamt. An affair of this kind, which took place some time since, at Schweidnitz, in Silesia, and which was attended with considera- ble loss of life, at length induced the National Assembly to pass a resolution by which the offi- cers of the army were enjoined to behave in a conciliatcry manner towards the citizens, to put a stop to the turbulence of the soldiery, and to re- frain from aggravating it by their own example. Finally, those who felt unwilling to comply with this decree, were required to throw’ up their com- missions, and to retire from the service. This resolution was peoen on the 9th of August. Nearly a month having elapsed since then, and no order of the nature referred to having been issued by the war department, the liberal party in the National Assembly thought it high time to question the ministry on the subject. The reply was a flat. refusal to carry the resolution of the Assembly into efiect.. A tremendous ex- citement followed this declaration, and M. Steine, the same member who had brought in the original resolution, now proposed a second one, purporting that 1t was the imperative duty of ministers to execute the decision of the representa- tives of the nation. With difficulty the ministry obtained an adjournment of the house till Thurz- day,last, the 7th inst., when the motion wascarried, after a stormy debate, by a majority of 77 votes, You may easily imagine that so decided a tri- umph——for the former resolution only passed with a majority of one--has caused a great jubilee in the liberal camp, and was received with equal rage and consternation by the reactionary party. No other course was left to the ministry but to retire from office. After considerab'e demur, the king accepted their resignation; and it was announced. yesterday, yn the National Assembly, that he had entiuste M. Von Beckerath with the tormation of a new cabinet. This gentleman belongs to the same class of statesmen as his predecessors—a liberal under the ancient regime, he has become a conservative, since the movement proceeded so much further than he either desired ox anticipated; and it is evident, from this nomination, that a struggle wall still be made to prevent the reins of government from passing to the radical party. In all probability, the attempt will tal ie ONposi- tion are now aware of their stre: and likely to use it; and unless the king co to admit their most prominent leaders to his counc'ls, and to fulfil to their utmost extent the promises he made his people on the 19th of March, a new con- flict 18 to be apprehended, which must end either in the restoration of absolutism or in the downfall of monarchy in Prussia. " The progress of democratic principles through- out the country is wonderful. The Germans--for- merly so cold and apathetic, so utterly without ideas of political freedom, and so ready to yield implicit obedience to the meanest delegate of the established authorities—seemed to have cuntapd their very natuzes, and to have imbibed all the fire int energy of their western neighbors. Monster meetings, clubs, processions and demon- strations are the order of the day, and even the opponents of the prevailing agitation are obliged to fall in with the aed of the age, and endeavor to attain their ends by employing the same means which their adversaries have made use of with so much success. In Saxony, Silesia, the Rhenish provinces, and especially here in Berlin, the spirit of Tepubliganiem prevails to a great extent. A union of all Germany, on the plan of the United States, is the favorite vision of many thousands of afdent patriots; and, when we consider the rapid- ity with which revolutions are effected ‘at present, it would show more boldness than foresight to pre- dict that their dream willnever be realized. It is certain, at least, that German unity, a theme so much harped upon just now, can never be attained under the present system, when the country is par- celled out among a number of, more or less, power- ful princes and potentates, whose interest it is to keep up provincial distinctions and jealousies, and to prevent the various races which compose the German people, from being fused into one gett and united nation. A.B. Beariin, September 25, 1848. ‘The new ministry is appointed, and was present at the sitting of the National Assembly ot Friday last. Mr. Von Beckerath, who had not succeeded with the formation of a new ministry, resigned his commission on the 20th, and General Von Pfuel was charged by the King to reconstruct the new cabinet. The following are the names of the new ministers :—General Von Pfuel, President of the Ministry and Minister of War; Mr. Eichmann, Minister of the Interior; Mr. Von Bonin, Minis- ter of the Finances; Count Von Donhoff, Minister for Foreign Affairs. The other departments are to be conducted by the ministers of the inierior and of the finances, until the ministry will be com- plete The necessity of establishing a new cabinet without further delay, urged the government to hasten the formation of a new ministry, though it ‘was not possible to consider, at the time, if the new ministry would be able to maintain itself, or ifthe selection of the new members was likely to be ap- roved of by the people and their representatives in the National Assembly. The new ministry must now take ita chances. It is certain, how- ever, that the government has been directed by some sort of plan in the choice of the new minis- try, the policy of which wispae tobe to act in fue ture more on its own authority, than it had done hitherto. The members of the new cabinet are all persons attached to the old system, and opposed to the % his appears most singular, after the late minig- try was overthrown by resisting the democratic principles now started into power; but the fact is, that the government has perceived the impossibi- jity of matntaining its anthority, if it isto become dependent on the National Assenibly, and is now determined to follow its owncourse. After the late defeat of the government, new concessions were demanded, and again the crown was to give away prerogatives, which itheld asa part of its wer. ‘The condition under which Mr, Von eckerath offered to accept the appointment at the head of the cabinet, wae, that certain of these concessions were granted. Lis propositions, however, were rejected, and a new ministry was chosen from the party opposed to the new liberty. Matters had then arrived at the point when it had become impossible to make anew contract with the crown, because the royal power—ifit was not to be reduced, to a shadow—would shfler no further infringement of its rights, by new concessions anade to the people, Among the concessious pro- | the Duchies of Schleswig Holstein. posed, the principal one was, that the authority of the Tepresentatives of the people in the National Assembly should be recognised by the government, in, all, matters concerning the interest of the State; others, alike important, were demanded. The present state of things shows plainly that the go- vernment 18 once more determined to resist the movement made in claiming further privileges for Wee * . Van Pfuel, the new president of the minis- try, stated, in a speech addressed to the National Assembly, and pointing out the views which the new ministry was determined to follow, that they held it their duty to guard the rights and authority of the crown. easures to suppress every oppo- sition which might be offered to the government by the people, have already been taken. P General Von Wrangel, the hero in the Danish war, has been appointed by the king as the com- mander-in-chief of the troops, stationed in and about this city, the number of which now amounts to over 50,000 men. The concentration of such extraordinary military forces has occasioned much disquietude, as there is no apparent reason for this extreme measure. except to support the policy of the government in the present critical state of aflairs. The excitement has been much in- creased by a proclamation of General Von Wran- gel, in which he states that he has been ap- pointed by the king as the commander-in-chief of the troops, for the purpose of maintaining public order, and offers his assistance whenever it will become necessary to Interfere with military forces; at the same time, he exhorts the officers and soldiers to take no part in politice] discussions, and not to attend public meetings. All sorts of reports have been spread in consequence of Gen- Von Wrangel’s and Gen. Von Pfuel’s appoint- ments. A military dictatorship, it 1s said, has been established, and the liberty of the people is endangered, as the government is about to resist the free exercise of the rights of the people; and a maitial law will be proclaimed if any attempt shall be made to oppose the government. Meanwhile. the new ministry has entered upon its duties, and its first act has been the issuing of a decree to the generals and commanders of the army, in which it directs them to promote the good understandit g between the citizens and the military, and to op- ose all reactionary tendencies in the army. his decree is to be regarded as the carrying out of the decrees of the National Assembly issued on the 9h of August and the 7th of September, by which it was demanded of all. officers of the army, who could not reconcile their political opinions with the new order of things, to resign their commissions. In the sitting of the National Assembly to-day, Mr. Von Pfuel declared, in reply to the question ad- dressed to the new ministry, with respect to the course of policy it had resolved to follow concern- ing the decrees of the National Assembly just men- tioned, that it had issued the order stated above to the commanders and generals of the army, and that thereby the measures intended ny the National Assembly were carried out. The decree received the approbation of the Chamber, though objections were mede agaist the form in which it was issued. The new ministry has now succeeded in removing the stumbling-block over which it was believed it would tumble before it could gain firm ground. It remains to be seen now, if it will be able to ob- tain sufficient support in the National Assembly, to maintain itself hereafter. The recent events at Frankfort have produced the greatest indignation here. Two of the most popular men trom here, Prince Lichnowsky and General Von Anerswald, have been brutally mur- dered by the insurrectionary mob. ‘ Berxiy, Oct. 2, 1848. The events which have taken place at Frankfort and Cologne, and the revolutionary movements still going on in the south of Germany, have pro- duced a strong reaction in favor of the govern- ment, end of maintaining the public peace. The party which has just openly defied the laws of public order, and endangered the lives of the re- presentatives of the people, in the National Assem- bly, has lost the good opinion of the people by its rash and inconsiderate acting. The radicals have injured their own cause—the cause of hberty——by plunging headlong into a course of violence, and attempting imprudently what it was impossible to carry out under the then existing circumstances. The consequence of these attempts is,that a reaction has taken place in favor of supporting the govern- ment, to prevent the repetition ofeach. serious dis- turbances of the public peace. A sort of panic has now seized the public mind, that further at- tempts might be made by the same party to es- tablish the republic; or, as it is believed, to lunge the country into a state of anarchy. ‘he strictest measures have been taken upon the part of the government in Germany to suppress all Tevolutionary movements with ‘efficient force. As the Burgher Guard nas proved itself incapable, on various occasions, to maintain public order, an has, at the insurrection at Cologne, even taken part against the government, the duty of support- ing the authorities is now principally entrusted to the military. A military government, in fact, has been established in Germany. Mar.1al law has been proclaimed at Frankfort, Cologne, and in diflerent parts of Wurtemburg and Belen Troops are concentrated in every point, where an out- break, or even the attempt to resist the authorities by word or deed, 1s apprehended. In this city, which of late has obtained a sort of character for rows and mob-manifestations, and is regarded as the seat of the revolution, an army has Seen con- | centrated, superior in number to any which has been here since the time of Napoleon. It is sta- ted that martial law will be proclaimed here, end the city willbe declared ina state of siege, 1n case any demonstration be attempted against the government or the National Assembly. General Von Wrangel, the Prugsian Cavaignac, then, it is said, will exercise modern tactics on a greater scale than has been done yet, for the pur- pose of aatiliog Be questions in dispnte between the people and the authorities. This report, which has been circulated, and has done much to pro- mote a state of order and quiet in this city, has, however, not lessened the excitement which pre- vails here among the people. Outward tran- quillity is maintained by a military force of 50,000 men; but no number of bayonets can assuage the public excitement. The new ministry has suc- ceeded in Ponede I majority in the Chamber, and it is believed that it will be able to maintain itself, favored as it now is by the reaction which has taken place for the support ot the government. In the sitting of the National Assembly to-day, the Minister of the Interior, M. Nichmannr, com- municated to the Chamber, taat he had just 1e- ceived the official intelligence that the state of siege at Cologne would be raised in the course of this week, and that that city was now perfectl tranquil. The proposed ‘law against tumult and public meetings has been issued to-day from the committee, which was appointed by the cham- ber to make the draught for the same. According to that law, meetings in the open air can only be held after a notice, which specifies the place and time, having been given to the authorities of the place. The police is bound to prevent all meetings by which the public quiet or safety is endangered. A punishment of from one to six months imprison- ment is fixed for all who attend meetings of which the police has not received notice, or for which ermission has not been obtained. [tis not al- lowed to carry weapons in attending public meet- ings, and all who act against this order are to be puniehed with from six months’ to one year’s im- prigonment. If, on public meetings, the order of the officer of the police, directing the people to disperse, be not obeyed, the police is to interfere with the force of arme. The habeas corpus law, by which personal li- berty is guaranteed, has received the sanction of the king, and has just been issued. Berwin, Oct. 9, 1848. A most important resolution was passed by the Chamber, in the sitting of the 8d of October; it was, that the National Assembly should declare that it placed the firmest reliance in the Prussian gévernment; that it would act conjointly with the central government of Germany, for the purpose of maintaining the decrees of the German Noa- tional Assembly, with relation to the question of The new difficulties which have arisen on that question, and the unwillingness on the part of the Danish government to hold the conditions ot the armis- (ce, rendered a full understanding between Prus- sia and the central government necessary, if Germany was to follow any divided course of policy against Denmark. The game whieh has been played by the latter shows plainly that she is determined to take every advantage she can of the yielding and unsteady policy which Germany has followed hitherto. ‘The ratification of an ar- ice so humiliating for Germany as that which has been just concluded, has emboldened Den- mark to go still further. She now 1s not even in- clined to hold the terms of the armistice ; and, as to the settlement of a peace, she means to defer that matter until a more favor- able season, when she has not to fear that cold weather will impede her successful operations on sea. Meanwhile, however, English\diplomacy has been very. busy im offering its services to all the different parties interested in the Danish question. lt appears that England has become very impa- tient lately to see that question settled. The pre- sent uncertain state of things as to whether the war will recommence or not, and the interruption of trade which still continues in the north of Eurepe, on aceount of the want of confidence to re-engage in business, renders it a matter of vital importance for England that a peace is settled soon. The endeavors made by England, latterly, to nego- trate a peace, have been without fesult, and Eng- Jand is now resolved to take the whole affair in hand, for the purpose of bringing it to a termina- tion. According to the latest accounts from Den- mark the Danish government had been prevailed ‘upon by England to consent to receive an Ambas- sador, which is to be sent from the Central Govern- ment of Germany to the Danish Court. Nego- tiations to settle a peace by the mediatron of England, it is likewise stated, will shortly be com- menced at London. If, however, the media- tion of England will be successful, and Dénmark will be. brought to yield and to make certain concessions, it 1s impossible to predict at pre- sent. The resolution which has been passed in the National Assembly here, to act conjointly with the Central Government of Germany, and to unite ina course of nolfcy towards Denmark, may possibly tend to influence the latter to accept the modifications of the armistice which she had previously rejected. In the sitting of the chamber, in which this resolution was taken, the Minister of Foreign Aflairs stated that negotiations to that purpose had been commenced with Denmark, and that it would be known shortly what the result would be. Endeavors have lately been made by the Cen- tral Government of Germany, to effect an agree- ment between the German States, that they are to resign the right of sending representatives and diplomatic agents abroad to the Central Govein- ment, and that all the relations of Germany with foreign States are to be conducted by the latter. A circular to that effect has heen issued by the Central Government to all the German States. It contains the order that the diflerent German States are to withdraw their representatives and di-, plomatic agents abroad, or that if they should object doing so at present, to instruct the latter, that they are to act, in. every re- spect, according to the directions of the repre- eentatives of the Central Government with those foreign powers. The Prussian government has already raked on this circular by a note, in which it has declined to obey the summons of the central foverament in the present state of things. It is lieved that other states will follow the example of Prussia. A public demonstration of a peculiar kind was made in the past week, to give vent t> the popular indignation on the new laws of the Burgher Guard, which have been passed by the National Assembly. A procession was arranged, bearing a table with the inscription “The Laws of the Burgher Guard of the 4th of October, 1848,” which moved through the streets, leading an ass with it, on whose tail was fastened another table with the same inscription. Amidst the acclama- tions of thousands, this Peacsedion moved towards the building of the National Assembly, and stopped there for the purpose of burning the tables before the hall in which the representatives of the people meet. After the solemn act was finished, the gee Guard, which had been called out, appeared and restored quiet. The sport passed off without further disturbances, but must be regarded as an open derision of the dignity of the National Assembly. Accounts, this moment received, from Vienna, state that a new revolution hae taken place there. The Emperor had issued a decree, by which the Hungarian Chamber was dissolved, martial Jaw proclaamed in Hungaria, and Jellachich, (the great enemy of the Hungarians, appointed com- mander-in-chief of the troops. These scvere mea- sures had been taken by the Emperor in conse- quence of the opposition of the Hungarian Cham- ber to the former decrees issued by the Emperor. The excitement produced at Vienna by these measures was intense, and a part of the trocps, which had been ordered to Hungaria to suppress the insurrection there, refused to go. With the assistance of the students and the people, a part of the soldiers succeeded in maintaining themselves against the rest of the military, and a general fight throughout the city ensued. The people were victorious. On the morning of the 7th inst. | b the arsenal was stormed by the people, the Na- tional Guard, and the students. At twelve o'clock on thet day the Emperor fled to Linz. Before his flight he had issued a mamitesto, m which he begged the people to spare the city. The National Assembly at Vienna had declared itself perma- nent. The following concessions were demanded by the people :— 1. The withdrawal of the Imperial decree, by which the Hungarian chamber was dissolved, and martial law proclaimed. 2. The resignation of the whole muvistry, and the appointment of the deputy, Mr. Lohner, as the presitledt of the new ministry. 3. The recegnition of the civil authorities, as the superiors of the military. 4. ‘the withdrawal of the military from Vienna. 5. The banishment of the Archduke Ludewig and the Archduchess Sophia from Austria. 6. The removal of General Radetzky from the | ccmmandership at Milan, and the establishment of a civil government in Italy, ! Farther particulars are not yet known. The numper of the dead and wounded in the fight has not yet been ascertained. Jellachich, the governor ot Croatia, and newly- appointed commander-in-chief of the troops in Hunger, has been defeated. It is stated that Mr. Latour, the Austrian Minis- ter of War, has been hung at a lamp-post. Srvtearp, Oct. 2, 1848. Since I noticed the invasion of Struve, in the hughlands of Baden, in my last, this affair has taken a sudden, and, in spite of its momentoug importance, a somewhat comical end. But, in order to give you some idea of the plans and in- tentions of the insurgents, (had the enterprise suc- | ceeded, they would be denominated heroes and lauded to the skies, while now they are condemned and hooted i) T translate a few passages from the Republican Government Gazetta, issued (2 ¢, one number of it) at Loerrach, Baden, before I de- scribe the sad fate of the great agitator:— DECREE OF THE GERMAN REPUBLIC—NO. 1. “ German Republic ! wealth, education, liberty for all! Headquarters, Loerrach, September 21, 1348.— ery burgomaster (ma: of ® village) is made per- mally responsible, 1—To have the alarm bells rung all 'y, and fires lighted on the surrounding hills during the night, as long as the republican army is within the district of his juriediction. 2—He is to take care that no pereon belonging to royal or tory party, shall cape or leave the district, but to arrest them imm ely; and in cage of resistance, to confiscate their property for the use of the government. 3—He i: to see that every citizen, capable of bearing arms, report | himself ready for survice at the principal village in the respective districts; and also, to produce the necessary eh jng, arms, ammunition, isions, &¢ , for the soldbery. is to see that the troops of the repub- Nean army be speedily and comfortably quartered in the houses of the citizens. 5—He is responsible for the prompt and immediate execution of the following degree, issued on the same day with the above, Inthe name of the Republican Provisional Government. G. STRUVE.”” DECREE OF THE GERMAN REPUBLIC—NO. II. “German Republic! wealth, education, liberty for all! In the name of the German people, the Provi- sional Government of Germany decrees as follows :-— Art, 1—All duties and taxes levied upon property, originating inthe middle ages, likewise all personal Jabor-taxes, tithes, rents, &c., whatever the name of these barbarous customs of the middle ages, forced upon the present generation by the power of the no- bility and the crown, may be, are hereby annulled and abolished forever, without Indemnification for ths release, All debt, dues and fees contracted for the releare of such duties. are likewise declared to be li- xes and duties hitherto paid or the nobility, shall cease ‘A progressive income ta: luding whese property does not exceed a certain is to be raised in the place of euch duties. d duties on importations shall continue to paid on the coasts and boundaries of Germany. Art, 3—All the property and possessions of the state, the church, and the citizens who side with the princes, isto be con: ted tothe community in which euch property may be found; provided, however, that the property of private citizens be returned to them after jhe new government is established, Art.4—Toseoure the fulfilment of the above decree, it i that all citizens capable of bea of eighteon to forty, take part in 0 of the re- jublio and the country, Krom this day, martial law is proclaimed throughout the whole country, until the Fernie shall bh tained and established ¢! liberty. nthe name of the Provisional Government of Ger- | G. STRUVE. further ordered, ‘om the age man Secretary, Kant. Brava. Headquarters, Loerrach, in the fitet day of the Ger- man Republic, September 21, A. D., 1848,'7 In order to be successful in’ his undertaking, Struve was compelled to seize all the public moners which he feud in the places through which he came, to force the inhabitants to join his banner, and to proclaim martial law wherever he went. His troops, consisting of German, Italian, and Po- lish fugitives, and amounting in the beginning to about 350 men, soon increased to over 3,000. But this plan also proved his ruin: Many were com- pelled to_join his army who were opposed to. his cause. the dread of his power, the fear of being treated as traitors, according to the martial law, induced them to take up arms against their own will and inclination. As long as they found no re- gular troops to oppose them, so long all went well. His army continually increased, and he was al- ready in the possession of several hundred thou- sand florins, plundered from the public treasuries. At Stavffen, However: he met the troops that were sent to oppose him. Great consternation and over- whelming feor befel his followers; and, after the first gun was fired from the military, a great num- ber retreated in confusion, sought shelter in the neighboring woods, and hid themselves wherever they could. The republicans were completely routed, and Struve himeelt escaped only by means of his fleethorse. More than 100 prisoners were taken, bound and delivered to the avthorities as traitors to their GAS Meanwhile, a similar revolt was projected in several parts of Wurtemberg, in Rottweil, Heil- bronp, &c.; also in Prussia, in Cologne, but all meeting the same fate. In Cologne, and in a great portion of Baden and Wurtemberg, martial law was proclaimed by the regular government, and all who were found with arms unmercifully slain. The leader of the revolt at Rottweil, who also published an edict similar to the one of Struve, was captured ata village near the boundary of Switzerland, whither he attempted to fly. Hs name 1s G, Ram; he isa very wealthy man—pos- sesses a glass manufactory in Wuerttemberg, worth more than 50,000 florins, and has lately been the editor of a republican paper published at Stut- ‘art. A number of citizens of Stutgart, Messrs. erner, Dallinger, Mercy, Simon, &c., are also captured, having been in connection with Struve and Raw, and condemned to the penitentiary, (Hcbenasperg.) Struve contrived to evade his pursuers for several days; but, at last, he was be- trayed and delivered to the police by two of his own men, who declared that they were compelled te join his army, and thus revenged themselves for the injustice done them. Strnve was immedi- ately thrown in chains, and carried in an open wagon, together with his wife, who had taken an enthusiastic interest in the cause ot li- berty, to Mannheim, in Baden. It is said that the populace made ferocious attempts to get at him, and he would doubtless have been torn to pieces, if a whole company of soldiers had not ac- companied the wagon and guarded him from the fierce mob, who but a few days previously had greeted him as their deliverer, and sworn eternal fidelity to the cause of liberty. Struve was very pale ; he sat listlessly in the wagon, and gazed in- tently upon his beautiful wife, resting in his arms and hiding her fair face in hishosom. The whoie country wes in great alarm. Itis certain that all of these movements were projected to take place simultaneously, and the leaders had counted upon the inhabitants of the country to jointhem in great numbers The passage of the armistice in Par- liament, which created such intense excitement and dissatisfaction, led those of the revolters who were posted at Frankfort-on-the-Main, to give the signal immediately, and thus they disconcerted the whole plan; Struve, Ram, and the others, now saw themselves compelled to break forth also; and the conspiracy, which was to have remained secret until the 15th October, was in this manner discovered. The governments had time and warning to prepare themselves. The result is a complete failure of the whole afiair. It is impos- sible to conjecture what the result would have been, if the plan should have come to maturity. Perhaps the bloodshed would have been much greater and the effect the same. J As it is, a republic is at a much greater distance than ever. The followers of Struve committed, and portions of them roving through the regions of the Black Forest, still commit deplorable ex- cesses, burning and plundering villages and towns, violating the women, and murdeiing those who onpese them, This excites, as a matter of course. the indignation of the whole population, and all thege crimes are laid to’the charge of Struye, and ve to retard the republican canse. proceedings of the National Convention ave Jost much of their interest in consequence of the late events. The independence of the chureh from the state, and of the school from, the church, is pronounced. In regard to the armistice, nothing has been done since the 16th of Septem- er. On the 28th and 29th of last month, the annual Fair at Connstadt took place. This fair, called “Volksfest,” (the ‘people’s feast,”) is somewhat similar to the Mechanic’s, Agricultural, and other fairs of the United States, and consists in a col- lection of the finest horses, cattle, sheep, &c., also of the finest fruits, grain, and new inventions, which are exposed to the view of the public. A large pyramid 18 built in the centre of a vast meadow, tribunes erected in acircle of aboutthree miles in circumference, and a tent in the centre, by the side of the pyramid, for the accommodation of the royal family and the judges. Premiums to the amount of several thousand florins are distrib- uted to the proprietors of the finest specimens pre- sented in the several departments, to the victors in athletic exercises, horse and foot races, to the best singers and musicians, &c. All of these ex- ercises take place in the sight of the public, and | thundering applause rewards the victor and ac- companies his triumph It was generally supposed that another demon- stration off the republican party would take place on this occasion, as more than 30,000 persons gen- | erally participated in the festivities. But the fear was entirely groundless. The whole meadow, all the neighboring villages and roads were sur rounded with troops ; not less than fifty thousand covalry, infantry, and artillery, were posted in the different parts of Wurtemberg on this day. Not the least Hetatbadloes however, took place. What the fate of Struve, Ram, and the other leaders of the conspiracy will be, 1s yet unknown ; scme think it dangerous to execute them. But | they can herdly expect to obtain mercy. They | will probably be shot in private, in order to pre- vent a mob at their execution. waster Our French Correspondence. Panis, Sept. 28, 1843. The New Constitution Dis; jon of the French— Gen. | Cavaignac—Louis Napoleon The great question has been decided, 530 to 289 in favor of one chamber. Lamartine made the closing speech for one chamber, and M. O. Barrst that for two I think that the latter was the most prefound. La- martine’s position was, that the thing was to be tempo. | rary, that, four years hence, he might be in favor of two chambers—that now they were in the midst of revolu- tions at home and abroad, and a dictature was neces- sary, a legislative dictation—“that the good laws are the daughters of the time”—‘‘that what is true on this tide the Pyrenees, may be false upon the other side’ — that the spirit of the people is not in a condition to name two chambers—that the upper chamber would be aristocratic, in fact, and be so regarded by the peo ‘The porition of M. Barrot wae, that France need- eda permanent and ble government. and not a dictation—that a single chamber, permanently in ses- sion, was but another form fi convention, absolu: and dictatorial, to send to th fold when and whom it pleased—that a division of powers was cersary,and there needed to be a moderating pi er to arrest the dictatorial carcer of a passionate co: vention—that the prerent draft of the constitution provided no check bb the will of the chamber, and wthout such acheck and divisi could be no permanent governm organization of institutions, designed to be perma- nent. credit and confidence could not bo ra-establish- ed. The French, many of them, would rather perish under constitutions of their own invention, than to live quietly and successfully under those copied from country. Their constitution clumsy rT? it stands—full of double and t }d ma- chinery, without any lucidity or arrangement. It is, in substance, @ mere legislative dictation by one chamber, having some nominal divisions of power, but none that are real, beforea French chamber and in France, As it stands, it 1s a convention, and nothing more—in other words, the present organization con- tinued in a little different form With ws, the pre- sent arrangements would constitute some check upon the dictation ofthe chamber. The President would have some little pewer to arrest their proceedings, and rome little security for his own official existenc: but, in France, these provisions give no security—the chamber would suspend the powers of the President and impeach him instantly, and in less time and con- sideration than they would make a barricade, or shoot an insurgent. There is no respect felt by any Frenoh- man for any law except that of the musket; and there would be no more hesitation in impeaching the Presi- dent, if he stood in the way of the will of the Cham- ber, than there was in removing the executive Com- mission, conferring dictatorial powers on Ge: vaignac, imprisoning Emile de Gerardin, of sup; ress- ing the press, Everything must give way before the indomitable will of the French d the law of necer- nity. for the moment, is the only mile de Gerardin, and man | lie es pretty much what the present constitution contem- ates, what the Chamber will do: what Napoleon great deal of good sense, notwithstanding its bursts of anger, impertinence, end folly, so frequently exhibited, ing the general officers of the State. ch of Ledru Rollin continues to excite a ‘k; but I think it has diminished his influence, ber eit has identified him with the oppo- sition, and carried him a step nearer to the present position of the Montaignards, in public estimation. 1 think t] eneral Cavaignac better undertands their relative positions, and has, perhaps, been relieved from some embarrassment by this open opposition. Louis Napoleon came to Paris in avery private manner; and the government were not informed of his arrival, till he entered the Chamber. He desires to avoid being the object of curiosity and observation For this purpose, and to prevent annoyance, he changes | his lodgings ever day; and intends pursuing thia course till heoun be le quietly to himself. So, while some men are struggling so hard for notoriety, he is obliged to incommode himself to avoid it, The indi- | cations are, that he is a yourg gentleman of fine | fense, good taste, well educated, and of a retiring spirit, rather than pushing ambition; that if he is not ergecuted. as he has been, most outrageously, by ouis Philippe and the provisional government, bh will fallinto the position of his three cousins French prers has also been terribly severe up people; andif he is an ambitious man, they will yet feel its power. They bad better lot the descendants of the family of Napoleon rest without persecution. OBSERVER. Cheap Literature In England—The Bank- ruptcy of G. W. M. Reynolds, [From the London News, Sept. 7.] The adjcurned hearing of the bankrupt’s applica- tion for his certificate, was resumed yesterday morn- ing, the adjcurnment having taken place from the 25th ult., owing to the absence of a material witness, Mr. Cuthbertson, Mr. Parry and Mr. Duncan now ap- peared in opposition to the certificate. Mr. Sturgeon | dthe bankrupt. A list of some ten or twelve , who had been summoned, being called over, and Cuthbertson not being in attendance. Mr. Parry applied for a warrant against him, The Commissioner said it would be necessary that he should have an affi- | davit of the service of summons, &c. Meantime, the examinations were proceeded with, Reyno.ps, the bankrupt, was first examined, He | depored: Under my cession de biens in France, in 1836, about 6s. 8d. in the pound was paid; under my nsolvency here, in 1837, nothing was paid ; in 1839, 11.000, which came to me from an aunt, was paid into the court for the creditors. | don’t know how much that waa in the pound. In 1840, I was bankrupt again, owing £200, and nothing was paid. [ was 22 years old when I was first bankrupt in France. Was shamefully swindled out of all my property. I had been a pub- lither there. Came to England in March, 1837. | was pursuing my profession literary man when [ bi came bankrupt in 1840. 'y present balance sheet be- gins with a deficiency of £1,700; but much of this was old debts, | was made bankrupt thistime as publisher, printer bookeeller, dealer, andchapman. In January, 1847, 1 had my household furniture and some stock, which is down in my balance sheet. I kept a cash-book | and stock book, and had weekly balance sheets mado out by my clerk: I have known Cuthbertson, four or five years; he is an upholsterer, draper and tailor, in Port- land-place, Borcugh road. 1 have paid him about £100 altogether; the last payment was between £30 and £40 in November last. Have got articles of him tince, includirg a sofa, a bookcase, and clothes for the children; he is what is called a tally-man. I last saw him three or four days before his writ was served on me on the 18th March. I went to tell bim | was in dif- | ficulties, and to ask the loan of some money. | did not tell him about Wilton’s judgment. His reply was that be could net assist me. | think he afterwards tent meina bill. 1 did not plead to his action. The date of the jud; ment is 3d or 4th April. He put in an execution at my house in Wellington street on the | 6th or 7th, A bill of sale was given; Furber, the sher- iff’s officer, valued the whole at about £160. I don’t think the furniture cost me above £75. The bill of sale included the type. I still live on the premises as | heretofore, and the goods have remained there. Cuth- bert:on’s execution was for a debt of £00, with the costs, | also owed about £42 for rent and taxes, and stamp duty, which Cuthbertson paid, I have not since given him anI OU, or any understanding as to my possession of the property after | have obtained my certificate. Idon’t pay him anytbing a week for the vee of the property; he allows it to remain out of a kind mctive tome. (Laughter) He did not issue the writ at my instance; allhe wanted was security. After the execution, all went on as heretofore to public appearance. Mr. Wilton brought an action ogainst me last April, and I gave him a judge's order for payment; but it was not met, and judgment was rigned, the order being due at the biginning of May. (Mr. Davies, the bankrupt’s solicitor, here admitted that this action was pending when the bill of sale was given.) to the Bankruptcy Court, because | thought I had « fair chance of paying these small matters. Creditors to the amount of £1,210 gave mea letter of license on the 22d of April. Afterwards, being disappointed of £200, and the week being up which Mr. Wilton had given me, and having been arrested by Mr, Bush on the 2lst of April, and paid him £40, ie plied to the court. My solicitor, Mr. Davies, 1s now solivitor under tke fiat. He has not received bis costs in Cuthbert- son’s action, nor has he been paid for working my pe- tition, (Mr. Groom, the official assignee, said he had aid the attorney's costs up to the choice of assignees ) The stereotype plates sold to Mr. Figgins at the price of old metal were of the early numbers of the “Miscel- lany.” I never got a farthing out of that concern, but put money into it. It circulated at onetime 20,000 which only just paid the expenses. Infact, | was out of pocket by paying several writers, To give any remune- ration there must bave been a sale of 26,000 or 27,000 aweek. “Wallace” and “ Th ‘icide” paid very well as long they went on. The: id other works, 13 in all, were sold fer £15, after the bankruptcy. The fact ie, after such things are completed, they are not worth a fig; therd is no sale for them when done up in volumes, | beyond a couple of hundreé or so, which you may get off by constantly advertising. Mr. Cooke has now the ownership of the Miscellany. 1 had discontinued wri- the same people are employed there. Cooke took away all the printed paper, but left me the type, and Mr. ays, Tam to have £58 week for atale I am writing. ? id on a former occasion, that | can earn £500 ayear by my pen. lam rye. On &@ newspaper, and if I were to give the name of that paper I should be discharged to-morrow morning. My weekly earnin, ', at this moment, are £10 from the newspaper and the “Mysteries of London.”” This work reases the week after next, and I shall then lore that source. | am now Sues, ee “ Mysteries of the Court of London,” which belongs to Mr. Cooke. I made an agreement to write it for him, but bave no interest in the copyright. | My literary earnings are entered in my balance sheet | at £710. I have received £5 a week from Mr. Stiff for | the whole period, in respect of the “Mysteries of Lon- don.” [have siso received about £40 from him, in- cluding a tale I wrote for him inthe London Journal, I mever sent any works for sale at the night auctions of Spokes, Mr. Sturcron.—I lost about £7.000 on my first bankruptcy in Fr My first insolvency here arose from some of h creditors having taken pro- ceedings here; tl cond was owing to my havin, anes some two or three creditors from my firs' schedul 7 xs Bans, stereotype-founder, of Fetter lane, eed; Dix, the bankrupt’s clerk, came and offered lot of stereotype plates. at £12 aton: this was ne RO ENST oF wasthen giving bebe om ton; d chiefly of old plates; the copyright of the ‘mi worth £60; I judge from the pub- Howitt's Journal for that sum; the twelve other works, if fairly rold, ought to have realised £150. Mr. Panny here stated that he distinctly charged the assignee, Mr Strong, with sacrificing the property, and the question would be whether the bankrupt and Mr. Cooke were not in collusion withhim. The Com- missioner observed that the strongest point against the bankrupt was his conduct in withdrawing his as- sistance from the Miscellany at the time of the bank- ruptey, so as to diminish its value, and, the moment it wassold to Mr, Cooke, recommencing his contribu- tions, It would appear that this had been done solely to destroy the value of the Property to the assignees and the creditors. Mr. Parry said he only impugned the cenduct of the assignee collaterally; an appli tion to remove the assignee would have to bs made the Court of Review. He sought to show collusion on the part of the bankrupt; and this could only be mat- ter of inference from other evidence. Mr Davies raid the official assignee had refused to sanction the works being proceeded with; the conrequenee of their ail dropping In one week wasto render them valueless ‘The bankrupt said he bad implored the official assigdee to allow him to continue the works. Mr. Groom, the cMicial assignee, raid he had certainly not thought it advisable, looking to the interests of the creditors, that the works should be continued. After a conversation asto the course to be pursued. the Commissioner ex- dan opinion that evidence as to the conduct of ignees would be irrelevant. Mr. J. Cutunentson, the missing witness, having Appeared, was cxamined, and deposed that he had known Reynolds four years. Held a bill of sale of his TOF ated April last. Had Jast furnished him a okease for £15 in December, when Reynolds owed him between £70 and £80. He ok pey- ment of asum on the Istof April, and owing to his non-payment the writ was issued. He bad paid £5 in December ; he bad not psid £30 since November. ed balfan hour, and witness immediately went and took out a writ. They did not go together. (Laagh- ving any constitntion; desiring Mei mn assembly or dictator, to make jaws as we 42 em pert and according to the daily exigencies, arch, he could not be certain the bankcupt asked bim for April or the let of whieh, Could not swear rert of the creditors case, he did not believe there would be £20 of asgete, of his having been fleeced in France. any weight to observations directed against partier 1 did not then coms | ‘who were absent. lated the facts of the care reported in our journal, and ultimately pronouneed the judgment of the court to be, that the bankrapt’s certificat court £ protection to be granted from upon euch payments being the loan of money, Hi did not ask witn: sald he wanted money, but to take out a writ. or say anything Hid as emperor, the Chamber will do as dictator. But | about a bill of a Since the bill of sale was taken ‘this will great improvement on the old system; | he had not removed any of the Property, nor exer- and] think the present Areembly havo acted with # | cised any ownership over it it was in the bankrupt’s just as before. Had not been Had not the bill of rale ; it was in pos- session ot Mr Dix, Mr. Reynold’s clerk. Mr. Panny—Why, you are s most amiable creditor, Mr. Cuthbertron, You neither seize your property no: take the bill of sale. Witness—I certainly did not wish to hurthim. [ have confidence in both him and the clerk. 1 took the Dill of eale for my own protection in the first instance There was no previous agreement that the property should remain in Reynold’s possession, If | had known of a bankruptcy impending, | would have had the furniture in my possession before this, {don't sake it now because f don’t wish to distress the bank- he Banxnurr, being recalled by Mr. Sturgeon, gave some further explanation of the circumstances uuder which he had ceased to write for the Miscellany. “oe had requested Mr. Groom to allow the works to go on, and bad offered whatever talent he possessed; bat Mr. Groom refured on account of actions #hich might a1 out of carrying on the estate. A comparison had been drawn between his Miscellany and Howitt's Jvurnat and the F copes Jou but the price of the latter Was 13¢d., which would pay with a cireulation of- 6.000 or 7,000, while a penny publication required a cirenia tion of 26 000 or 27000 He then went into ® loar and. tince his election, the London Times has been | statement of come attempt which had been traits singing the same tune. Politicians in France and | injure him by Mr Stiff’ bringing mut « pultivatiog England feared the intluence of his name with the | called Reynold's Magazine. He adivd he had token out the flat on hia own petition, and wonld willtnely have placed his literary talents at the service of 1 | creditors, Mr. Parny eaid that if ever there was a case where a bankrupt ought to be severely denit with this was one. After defiauding or defeating his creditors in he had been twice insolvent here, and thi was hisrecond bankruptcy It was evident he sough nothing but protection for bis person; he had don nothing but inflict injury on his creditors since 1835 and the certificate ought to be entirely withheld, other wire the bankrupt law would be altocether defeated Here was # man who could earn his £10 a week, who could defraud his creditors, and then come to this court and Jaugh at them. He had lived a life of insol- yency and bankruptey, and was not a respectable traderman, coming here for his certificate. A creditor named Spokes had been defrauded to the extent of £40 or £50, This was a strong instance of miseonduet, amounting almost to fraud. From the evidence of the thirteen copyrights being sold for £15. it was clear that Cooke wax a mere go-between—a mere tool and ahadow of Reynolds himeelf—under where direction all his pre ccedings were taken. The bankrupt was now writing for the Miscellany, under pretence of its being Cook's but could any one doubt that the bankrupt had ¢ main interest in it, and that it would again beco his, as well as the other work called The Mysteries the Court of London’ Only give him protection for his person, and he would take good care that his ore- ditors never got a farthing. Then the transaction with Cuthbertson was palpably one for the bankrupt’s convenience, and a fraudulent attempt to defeat the After paying the costs in this If this man’s application for his certificate was success ful, there would be an end to all confidence in com- mercial dealings, Mr. Duncan addressed the court on the same side The bankrupt’s debts unrecured were £2500; hie whole literary career had been but an alternation cf fain’ £3 and insolvency ; and the sum to divide amor get his creditors would be about a penny and a fraction in the pound. He seemed to assume that he had the right of expending on himeelf and his family | all he made by his pen ; to the exclusion of his credi- | tors’ claims. This was not the case of # talented and poor auther ; his talent. though not of the high- | est, was of a most marketable quality. commanding « ready return ; hence he had not gone into business from necerrity, for which it was evident he was totally unfit, for his creditors had never got anything. Mr. Revnotps: I’ve paid thousands of pounds in | business—what is the man talking about ? (Laughter,) Mr. Ducvan contended that it was a delusion and a mockery to talk of paying £20 month to cover £2,000 of debts; why was not the offer made earlier ? During the very last year his domestic expenditure had been about £550. "Did that look likean intention to pay so much a month to his creditors? Altogether bis expenres had been £1.020. ana his profits only et £633, The transaction with Spokes was one of di fraud, and the fact that he had rend to the estate, clesrlyfsiowed the spirit by which he had been actuated. His certificate ought to be re fused, and he should be referred to the Insolvent Court for relief. Mr. Sturcrox contended that in the whole of the caro there was no evidence of fraud, or a fraudulent intent. Since bis first. bankruptcy. when he was the victim cf a set of French awindlers. he had been con- stan'ly persecuted by the same parties, and hence his two inrolvencies in E ‘pgland. n aid there ‘The Commisst no proper evidence He never gave Mr. Strneron proceeded to contend that, after » man bad been once bankrupt. he had much greater dificulty in struggling on in the world, Much atrese had been Jaid on the bankrupt’s withdrawing his sup. port from the Miscellany: but this was completely an- awered by his offer to the official assignee, who, how- ever, very properly shunned the risk of any action. ‘The bankrupt was clearly not fit for trade, and hie best course would be to stick to his pen, and not en- gage in business again. Though Sir Walter Scott had made enormous sume by his writings. he was not fit for trade, but he had entered into it, and the result had been most ruinous, and such as to embitter his last da ‘he ComrissioneR said there was this important dif- ference in the cace of Sir W. Scott, that he had hono- rably discharged all his engagements to his eraditors. Mr Stunerox, im conclusion, urged that there was no ground for surpending the certificat ‘The Covmisionen raid this was Peculiar case and one which required consideration. as to whether, rtificate were granted, it ought not to be coupled with certain conditions. Thouzh the bank- rupt had, some time ago. made an offer to his credi torr, no offer had rew been made to carry out that in- tention. It would therefore be better to adjourn the care. giving the bankrupt the opportanit of saying, ting for it at the time of the bankroptoy. but began | in the meantime, what he would do for his creditorr, in asfoon as Mr. Cocke bought it. Ireoeive no | This was not like the cae of a trader, whore subsist- ralary for this. The to Cooke was two or three | ence depended alone on the profits of his trade; but days before my last examination. The Miscellany is | here wass man of such attainments tl e wonder still printed at my premises; the same name is up, and | was, not only that he shonid bave mo bankrupt many timer. but that he should ever have come to the court at all. A man beginning with £7.000, and Cox, of Great Queen street, machines the work, At | having talents which enabled him to earn’ £500 the time the copyright was sold, the Miscellany was | ® yeat by his pen—how such # man could be losing £8, £10 or £12 per week. I do not receive a | Teduced kruptey, if he exercised only or- shilling for what I now do for the Miscellany, noristhere | dinary prudence, it was dificult to imagine. No apy underttanding that I am to have it back. Whenit | doubt {f he made up his mind to devote a cortain ortion of bis future earnings to the discharge of Bis debts there would not be the least difficulty in getting the creditors to come ts such an arrange- ment. Though there was no direct evidence of eo!- Jusion between the bankrupt and Cuthbertson, any one whoknew the working of the human mind and the conduct of parties in such situations, must con- clude that it was the bankrupt’s wish that euch » courre of proceeding should be adopted; and they might have gone about to effect It in such a way as to avoid the admission on the part of either that there bad been any collusion. A creditor could not be blamed, under the present state of the law, for taking mearures to secure himeelf; but a trader was to be blamed for allowing one or of the others. The moment he found { fer him to eatiefy all th do that which the law allowed for pr getting a Preires The bankrup! jon good grounds nt. done 3 6 of an improper le of the property by the aasigness. or of ocltuston be tween tbe bankrupt and Cooke; but the transaction was ith very considerable suspicion, the copy- ing been sold by private contract. Whenthe nee had refused to let the works be carried on, the bankrupt ought tp have advired the sale of the copy righta by auction, and bave still offered his assist. ance for carrying them on. Instead ofthat, he had with- drawn his aid prior to the sale. looking, no doubt, more to his own future advantage than to the benefit of the creditors. No doubt he had contemplated the thinge being purchased by his friend, Mr Cooke, and had expected to again comeinto possession of them, If it were true that pertons did not learn prudence ani experience from one bankruptcy, but were to come here repeatedly. what was the use of the bankrupt law ” The object of the punishment of the court was to pre- vent these things recurring again. It the bankropt could make @ satisfactory arrangement with his eradi- tors, that would be considered w) judgment w « given on the application for his cammcate The naxxnvrr said be was willid@@o set apart 100i & year for the payment of bis deb rT. Panny said that would take 25 years to pay the whole. But he hoped time would be given the ereditors toconeider any offer that might be made, as they had no confidence whateverin the trade assignee, Mr. Strong. “After a conversation, his Honor adjourned the case till the 26th instant, with protection in the meantime. to give the bankropt an opportunity of making an offer to his creditors. In this case our readers will recollect that his Honor took time to consider as to whether the proposa! made by the bankrupt to pay his creditors £10 per month was sufficient, and fixed a day for the pur- pcre of deciding that point, His Honor recapitu- ‘which have been faliy be suspended until he should have paid into . by instalments of $100, every six months; months to six month: Mr, Dusca pplied for the costs of the epporition weich were granted Apvices From Parerwo to 28d ult. state thar Wines suvtbim the tome dey that he Tasued ti | the goverment of Sicily had ordered an issae o: writ, It wat about eleven o'clock in the forenoon. | paper money to a large amounts whigin verary ago Bankrupt told him he was in difficulties, and was ably embarrass trade greatly, as ifs circa threatened to be sued about some pictures, He stay- | woud be aforced one A beautiful gold teapot, which once belonged to the ter.) Had previourly given him time till the Ist of | Jate Duke of Sussex, was forwarded to the Swedish i Nightingale, while in Neweastle-on- Ty ar ber enraptured by ope of admirers,