The New York Herald Newspaper, July 16, 1848, Page 1

NO. 5154. NEW YORK, SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 16, 1848. Our Irish Correspondent. Duwiin, June 30, 1848. State of Iveland—-The Protestant League—Tom Steele—The Crops—The Government Manufacturing Pikes, $c. Organization is new the order of the day. The for- mation of. clubs throughout Dublin and the provinecs, is progressing as rapidly as the most sanguine repealer could wish for. In Dublin alone there are no less than ‘forty clubs, each compored of three hundred members, making, in the aggregate, 12,000 men. Some of these -olubs held a meeting in Donnybrook, for its annual fair.) on Sunday last; and when return- ng, several of them were arrested for (as stated) dis- orderly conduct. Ope man carried a tri-colored flag; surmounted by a formidable pike. Some of those ar- ‘Tested are bound over to take their trial at the next commission—however, the clubs sppear nothing daunt- ed by this. Arrangements have not as yet been made by the members of the Irish League for their first publio H pearate d but from the number of persons, distin. guished and otherwise, who bave sent in their appro- val of the union, the new association will be powerful and influential. I have not, therefore. much news to inform you of in this letter, which will be as interest: ‘ing to beg readers as when the political meetings were going on. Mr. O'Connell. last week, published a long addres to the people of Ireiand, telling why he cannot become a member of the proposed League. His reasons, which occupy two columns. appear to be very conclusive to Ahimecif; but to repculers in general, they are stale, flat, and unprofitable. to the last degree.” They exhibit ‘only the old cant of moderation, flunsily veiling a deal of genuine tiwidity and suppressed bitterness of feel- ing. The only p.suge of the smallest practical im- portance, is couchtd in the following terms :—* [ deolare distinctly that I cannot jom the Irish League. The majority of the country, I believe to have declared for this experiment. I shall retire, and not venture to oppere their will, even if my opposition -were of any weight. But, in’a postscript to his ad- “Urese, he states, “1 think to labor still for Ireland, as ‘a member of parliament, and at home, by writing whon. I am preluded from speaking.’, He. will neveriaore ‘be realied to the leadership of the Irish people. The Protestant Repeal Association had a very largo meeting in the Muric Huli on Tuesday night ; but M tt, contrary to exp:c ation, did not make his a; ‘ance on the occasion. J. B. Barnes, Esq., took echair. The proceedings commenced by the admis- ~sion of several new members. Mr. Doyle brought up a Teport on organization, containing a number of rules he future government of the fod: tee enid that they deprecated any secret password ‘They were Pretestant Nationalists, deserving of liver- ‘ty, and resolved to obtain it. In the advocacy of re- peal they were resolved to go along with the other so- | -sieties, for better or worse. The following is an extract from the report :— “They believe that in consequence of wanting a Protestant na tional organiza tion, which should have for its ocjeat the guardian ship of Inseh right the Vrotestaut character is lowered in the estin ation of our fellow couvtrymen who differ from us in reli- ; and that :be creed we profess has been ro oy ve and ar ound to admic that that op dius ; for, hitherto, Protestant organisations were gen- orally of a defensive charactor, and mot at all calculated toad. vanoe Irish nationality, 10 sooth religious difference, or to win the esteem and confidence of the peo) Norcould it be other- “wise, when Protestents, atteched to their religionland the freedom it inoulester, were cajoled into organizations commenced ly mon for seifish purposes, to work out their own ends, oF the deerer designs of the Kg ish govornment—to divide, to en- slave, and then plunder the people. ‘Thus, while tho interests of this country were sacrificed to the ambitious designs of England, they were taught to mind nothing, to fear nothing but Popisk ascondancy, forgetting that their right arms were strong, and the Trincsples the professed were immortal, Through these means a valavi nce on Evglish power” was engiafted on the Pro testant mind of Ireland. Thus provineialism crept into every institution of the State, jand the delusive fear of ascendancy rei. dered Protestantism and patriotism antagonistic terms, and Jove of country and its liberties a com of principle and “Your committee are convinced that the great majority of the nts of Ireland are favorable to domestic fogpiation, and that the minority who are oppored to that measure is fast decreas- ing; but, Sas | to the dread of the evil cousequences atteoda nt ‘on an avowal of repes! pri.ciptes, and a moso iliiberal, and there— “fore un-Protestant system of social coercion, numbers are obliged to be tardy in fivivg their sanction to a measure which they aro convinced would be tor the advanta.e of thecountry. Your com- mittee consider that nothing will more effectually destroy this evil aniayoniztic opinions by argument, and firmly re- hhe right to differ. os detusve fears, and place Protestantsia a position | Your committee propose the following plan of ac- tion to be adopted by the Protestane Repeal Asevoiation:—Imme- ai to form in each of the municipal wands of the city, a Pro- * teotant Fey the duty 0: whose members will be to spread. «the principles of the Protestant Repoal Association, to collect funds ad new members for that body, to soothe prejudice in their respective localities, to win over enomies, to support friends, to enoouroge the wavering, and todo every thing in their power to “influence the Protestavt mind to favor a repeal of the union.— ‘These to be governed by officers chosen out of their own body : ‘A master, a secre ary, a treasurer, and ® committee: to have & perfect control over their own funds, and to Dd a only by whe principles and rules of the parent associ- Mr. Girsent O’Reiiry addressed the meeting, and said, after some Tey, remarks, that when they had ‘two millions and a half of men bet to the syst-m of moral force, then, in his opinion, the mission of the association would be at an ,end, andi! led by many of ational in its chnractor? We ae on has “back upon and join “the Li ” Then, as a united “body, they would thunder at'tho door, ndj if it were not orened, smash it in. (Cheers ) Mr. JAMUEL FeRGUsON then came forward, and pro- the next resolut on, to the effect, that while they ave full cred:t to the noblemen and ad signed the repeal declaration, for sincority, tuey should regret that they bad not made use of a language ‘Jess arrogant and more cnsistent with the respoct that it was desirable men should exhibit towards each other in matters of opinion. Dr. Nutrar. me Jowing effect :—That the friends of the Protestant -Church of Ireland can much more confidently rely on the stren, of its own members, combined with their Roman Catholic fellow.countrymen, in a national spirit and for national purporvs, than in the shifting policy of the British ministers. who, for the advautage ‘of England, would sacrifice religion without scruple. After some remarks irom Dr. Nuttall, the meeting pei ¢ further reduction in the differential duty onrum and colonial spirity, which the Chancellor of the Ex- ehequer recently announced his intention of proposing, has excited t indignation and apprehension amongst the distillers of tht country, who have alres ‘dy suffered severely from the policy of the governm ‘A meeting was held last week, when resolutions adopted, remon+trating Magainst the contemplated reduction of tho d.fferential duty in colonial rum ad- mitted for consumption into Ireland, from 9d. to 4d. per gallon. ¢ total quantity of spirits manufactured in Ire- land, and entered for home consumption, for the year ending 5th April, 1847, was 7.392.365 gallons ; and in the year ending 5th April, 1848, 6,415,145, being a de- crease of 977.145 gallons, It is stated that a whiteemith in this city is engaged in manufacturing pikes for the police, and that he has received an order for the construction of a large quan- tity, at Te, 6d. each, so that the government arejdeter- -mined they will match the repealers with their own ‘weapon. It will be seen by the following that the maintenance of the poor, for the year 1847, was a high chalk: Grenagh, Cork Union. 7s. 8d. in the pound; Kan- turk Union, Limerick, 68.; Donogh, Limarkin Union, 88.; Nenagh, 7s. 2d.; Sedriff Union, 7s. 6d, ; Riverstown, Sligo Union, 7s. ; Thurles, 6s. 8d. ; West port, 7s, 6d. ‘The poor people have suffered well by the Savings Banks. Mr. Pratt. who was appointed by government, to make the award in thore banks which have failed, had made the followivg of the Tralee Bai he pub- lie bave lost £20000; while the depositors on the Killarney Savings Bank, will lose 10s. in the pound, af- ter subscriptions, &c., have been received. The mortal remaine of honest Tom Steele have been brought over from London on Wednesday last. ‘Th were conveyed in a heorre to Conciliation Hall. The catofulque jupon which the remains of the late Mr. O'4 Comnell wero deposited and exhibited in Marlboro street chapel, will be again put in requisition to die- play the coffin of poor Tom. The lamp pendant from he roofof the catafulque. and the ‘lamps belonging to the building, will be lighted. and tho hall, till the in- terment of the deceased gentleman, will be appropria- ted to the public exhibition of the coffin enclosing his re- mains. The body is at present in a plain black coflin, upon which are inscribed the worde, * Thos, Steele, Eaq., died 15th June, 1848, aged 50 years.” more cortly and showy description will be procured, id the plain one laid within it. The crest of the Head Pacificator.”’ with the motto of “ perdater et animus.” has been affixed to the catafalque Extermination is going on to a great extent in Tip- perry almost daily the shoriff or his deputy is engaged in the tad and melancholy work of levelling the houses of the rural population, who have no resource except ‘the workhouse; not even the workhouse, in many in stances now, ax with few excoptions, all those instita- ‘tion: are densely crowded. During the last few days there have beon some heavy showers of rain, with the appearance of a continuance of simtar weather. Though thesa showers are copious ‘and very frequent, 9s yet they have not pee na rious to the crops, with the exception of some early hay, which has suffered a little. Potatoes never looked sent more promising, and the fields in all directioi aa healthy and vigorous a growth as any farmor need ire Trneatenep Denovit twas discovered yester day morning that another rent has taken place in Cape, below the citadel flagstaff, commencing near th guard-house situated within the enclosure which © divides the vernor’s garden from the lactis. The heavy rains of the loubtless hastened that which f some time past. The extent of ground which threatens to give way is said to be upwards of 250 feet, and so imminent is the danger considered, that he 7 we are informed, has intimated the ct to the inhabitants residing immediately below. ere appears to be no enlargement of the fissure 1 f this morning, which upon an average appears to be We were told e depth of the opening, Foes AB Beis oh td b 440 Hing’ was ie no _ c - ute On AS om was found.—Qr two feet in wid , to test th ly. Repealers—The | ly. Tho commit. , been formed on somewhat | working | hould fall | ntlemen who | id the next resolution, to the fol- | A coffin of past few days have ha been feared for yesterday a stone at- interesting from the Dominican Republic. Crry or Sr. Dominao, May 23, 1843. I have stated enough in a former letter, when briefly reviewing the history of this part of the island, to enable the reader, to infer in some mea- sure, the churacter of its population, considered in reference to the races from which it sprang, and of which it is now composed ; having there shown the historical reasons, if 1 may so speak, why it necessarily differs in this respect, from that of the other part, or republic, of Hayti. I will add here, as being in place, a few words more on this point, and then proceed to give some account of another portion, though a small one, of the population; as, in a former letter, I promised to do. | As in all ‘far southern or tropical countnes, | where slavery has existed, the servile class here, | where that institution was first planted on Ameri- | can soil, was, in former times, numerically greater ' than that composed of the whites ; and, as is the case in all countries where the relations of master and slave—the one white and the other black—ex- ist, there spring up a third class, intermediate between these two, both in color and condition : and all of these classes, it will have been seen, are, by the constitution of this republic, placed ona footing of civil and political equality. Why this third class should here have become in time—even belore the universal emancipation under the Hay- tians—much larger, proportionally, than the same class in other countries where slavery existed, and thus rendered the population much more hetero- geneous and mixed than in. other circumstances and under other influences, it would have become —eflacing more or less the nice lines and shades of distinction, both as respects color and social | Position, of the different classes—it may not be | very difficult, to account for, nor uninteresting to bniefly investigate, i | The Spanish colony of St, Domingo never was | | | an agricultural one. “The mining of gold, and net agriculture, was the inducement—the object that brought hither the early colonists ; and though the exceeding fertility of the soil allures some to its systematic cultivation, the great body of the land | has ever remained, from the period obte first dis- covery to this day, in a state of primeval nature, or under a kind and degree of cultivation that hardly | deserves that name. The colony, thus isolatin; itself by its lack of agricultural enterprise an industry—stll more than its island position had | done, from the rest of the world, with its growing | commerce and activity—its intellectual life an | progress—when the supposed richer mineral re- | gions of Mexico attracted away a large portion of | the peculiar enterprise that existed, gradually | dwindled away. The higher and richer classes, ' losing to a fi er or less extent, the energy an: | ambition which the business and other intercourse | with the active world stimulate and promote, sink | | into a state of intellectual and physical sloth; ag- riculture became neglected, all industry stag- nated, and in a succession of years this class be- | came less wealthy as well as less elevated, | generally, in their tone of sentiment, tastes an | feelings; the middiing classes of the whites, by the | same process, became poor, less moral and discri- minating 1m their tastes and habits, and the poor still more degraded. The next step, as regards these latter classes, was easy and natural. The nice distinctions of caste which, in slaveholding communities, ever exist in the domestic and social ideas and feelings of the privileged race—whatever | licenses human passion may prompt and custom per- mit to the contrary—became gradually obliterated and lost; anda similarity in actual physical condition as well as in tastes and feelings resulting mainiy therefrom, induced a coalescing, a blending of the | similar classes in the two castes, reducing them to the same level, and finally placing them, in their | own estimation, and in fact, on the same footing of social equality and familiarity of intercourse. And this commingling of the different races, na- turally—as the condition of the country remained stationary, or rather retrograded—extended, in | time, upwards in the social scale. Such, unques- tionably, have been the causes and principles ope- rating here for centuries, and deducible trom the | actual state of society as presented to the view of | the observer. I wish it, however, to be distinctly | understood, that I do not intend to imply that there | has been a universal commingling of the races in | all classes, or indeed in any. I speak generally of ' general results from general causes. Besides the remnants of pure Spanish blood to be found among the great mass of the people, there is a small pro- portion of the creole or native population—the | descendants and representatives of the old Casti- lian aristocracy of the country, among whom the | distinctions of caste in social rank, as well as blood, have ever been tenaciously adhered to and preserved with all the proverbial pride of that race. And yet, notwithstanding this rather general mingling of races to which I have referred, the intellectual vigor, the moral power, the active busi- ness enterprise of the natien, vastly preponderates | on the side where it might naturally be expected they would, by those, at least, who, though they may believe in the civil and political equality of mankind, stop at that point. And the character of the government and its constituent elements, are, in a good degree, composed and moulded accord ingly. | Besides, here in the capital, and in a few of the other commer towns, the mercantile class is mostly composed of naturalized, or at least, lon: resident foreigncrs—Europeans generally ; an these, together with a small corresponding native class, give a tone and character to business not less than to society ; and their influence is reflected strongly on the government itself, shaping in no small degrel its character and policy. The remaining portion of the population, of which I have to speak, in connection with the sub- ject of the political elements of the nation, are th? colored Americans. To prevent, it would seem, the shock to the agricultural interests of the coua- try, which the abolition of slavery would be likely to produce even here, the | ian government, soon after taking possession of this portion of the island, invited the immigration hither of the free people of color in the United States, and provided the means [or their transportation. As an induce- ment to, their coming, the future colonists were to be furnished gratuitously with good land for agn- cultural purposes, and also the means of susten ince uutil they should have time to procure them from the soil by their own cultivation, They were, b sides, guarantied perfect toleration and protec in their religious worshi well as immunity from military service. Under these inducements, many hundreds emigrated trom, their homes in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Richmond, and the country adjacent to those cities, and came and settled in various places in the island, chiefly, f believe, in this part. it an injustice to the ITaytian government to State, as I have found to be the uniform testimony of these people to corroborate, that that govern- ment sacrediy kept its faith and promises made to them, and watched over them and their interes's with paternal solicitude. They have, however, never fraternized to this day with the correspond ing class of their creole neighbors. Utter strangers for a long time, at least, to each other’s language, and forms of religicus faith and worship, it is not strange that the two classes should not have coa- lesced. While the character and conduct of the Americans inspired the natives with respect, still the latter court not forget that a body of heretics had been introduced red, as it were, among them by a foreign government, towards which’ and its appropriate people, they have, as a nation, ever entertained a deep-rooted and singu- lar aversion. On the other hand, the Ameri- cans regarded their new neighbors and fellow citizens, with whom, for a long time at least, they could hold no social intercourse through the medi- um of language, with distrust and fear; and, in point of religion, looked on them as a very sad set of idolators. As used to be the case ‘with the frontier settlers of our new country and the native possessors, though certainly on very different rrounds; the creole rural population here were the ugbears, the terror of all American women and children, On no occasion did the former appear more emphatically in this aspect, than in what the | latter regarded as nothing less than diabolical in- | cantations on death and burial occasions in the country. But Iam digressing, which, I confess, I | am strongly tempted todo, Sul, with all the pre- judices of the incomers against the creoles of their class, and which are still fostered in a great degree, it 18 due to them, so far as the Americans are concermed, to state, that the latter almost uni- versally bear testimony to the uniform inotlensive. ness of conduct in the former toward themselves. ‘The present government has extended to this por- | tion of the citizens, ashas been seen, the protection _ and guaranties under which they came and had be- | fore lived. Their lands and their religious privi- leges remain secure to them, They form an exem- | plary portion of the population, both in town and | conntry; and, as every thing is by comparison in this world, it may be added, that they set excellent carole of industry, intelligence, and enterprise to their fellow-citizens. And yet, with all the in- telligence, industry, what the French call savoir vivre—how to live— which this people, who it is natural to suppose were among the most enterprising of their class at home, acquired by being raised among the whites, the ob- geaving traveller would look in vain among them here for that intelligence and its fruits—that eco- nomy and thrift, and the thousand consequent nameless home comforts and means of enjoyment which are so general among the humblest classes of our own one athome. — Placed by the govern- ment on excellent land, with good facilities ina near market here for the surplus of their agricultu- Tal fae they seem at first to have entered with some degree of enterprise upon the cultivation of the soil. But the all-engrossing business of the country—the cutting of mahogany—in the hinds of a few capitalists, soon lured them away from their fields, the very luxuriant fertility of whose soil, be- neath a tropical sky, required a continued round of steady though by no means severe lubor, to the less continuous and therefore more attractive labor of mahogany cutting, with its frequent returns of good wages, often in advance. These temptations ap- pear to have been too great for their degree of fores cast to counterbalance, or, consequently, resist- Their fields were abandoned to the cure of the fe- wales; in other words, to necessary neglect; while the men were away from home most of the year, on the coast, in the mahogany cuts, The conse- quence was inevitable. Nature, with her tropical luxuriance and_vigor, soon re-asserted her supre- macy; and the fields that had lately marked the re- turn of cultivation, were speedily overgrown again with a rank, wild vegetation. The women, with- drawn from their appropriate avocations, or, more puiper! speaking, having added to these the toils of the field and of the transportation of afew scanty products of their rearing, on their own persons, to market, to obtain a few household necessaries, and perhaps comforts—which many of them do to this day—the women, I say, undoubtedly suffered most severely, as perhaps they generally do in a pioneer rural life, And it would pain the heart, it seems to me, of any human being, to hear them recount, in their simple but graphic language, the privations and toils and svilerings they endured, and in a meesure continue to endure. “| never was used to this kind of work,’ysaid a very intelligent active mulatto woman in the country to the writer, as she was trudging along towards town, with a heavy load on her head: and she evidently spoke the truth in all reepects, for he knows her well. «I never was used to this kind of work when [lived in Philadelphia, and owned my little house and lot and worked out when I pleased, and got good wages in hard money for it.” No wonder that many of the emigrants sickened and died, as was the case; while a part of them. more fortunate, perhaps, than either class, returned home, as those left here still invariably and fondly call the United States. Meanwhile, the men, ex- posed—in the pursuit of the calling tha thad lured them from their rich lands, productive in every thing that the soil of a tropical or (with few excep- tions) a temperate climate can rear, and the even moderate cultivation of which would have secured them an independence for after years,—to the al- ternate burning heats and drenching rains, or, worse than those, the combined scorching rays of a tropical sun and mursh or sea water, which their vocation compelled them to endure, have, from these fruitful sources, very generally contracted chronic diseases, pains, mad aliments, which have broken down their constitutions, crippled them, and made them uae old and inefficient for manly labor, Thus, the heads of families find themselves, in the decline of life, instead of being surrounded with the comforts and conveniences which faithfully pursued agriculture is sure to repay. the tiller of the soil, destitute in a great degree of them ; without the force left (for the sons have very generally follo the avocation of the fathers,) to again reclaim their re-wooded fields from the supremacy of nature, which, hemming them in within the narrow circuit of a small plat of open ground that surrounds their small and scantily furnished cabins, seems to grudge them their un- profitable occupation, and resolved to extrude them from these limited precincts in the midst of her realms. This is no fancy picture. It is not highly colored. It is drawn froin the life— from careful and frequent observation made by the writer, of the generel—not universal—eondition 6 the “American” rural population here, and the causes that have produced it. “ Did you know Mr. —,, of Baltimore?” was asked the writer, a few days since, by an old looking, decrepit black man. On being replied to that he had known him well, though he was now dead: “Well, he was my first master; I waited on his table till | was grown up.” And the contrast between his present condi- tion and that which had evidently been his lot for years, with what it certainly had been in Baltimore, under that master, struck the writer with a force not easily described. ; ‘The writer has entered into these details, and will yet pursue them a little further, on account of the subject of emigration hither being now again agitated among a portion ot the American colored population. He has not done so to deter them from the step. Far from it. He has desired to merely | hold up a beacon-warning to caution them against the mistaken course of most of their predecessors. It any of the free American colored population, of industrious habits and enterprising dispositions, are inclined to exchange the comforts of their American homes, with nies domestic and social means of happiness, (I have not used the words un- heedingly,) for civil and political equality here, let them bear well in mind that these, latter advan- tages are not to be gratuitous additions to what they now possess; they have their inevitable price —elther comfort lost or labor bought—the one or the other, Whatever inducements this government may hold out in the shape of guaranties, [ am ver confident will be religiously cheerted and fulfilled. Let them come, but with all the habits of industry they possess, and all the prudent judgment and fore- thought they can command. There is no country | where they will need them more, to secure their happiness, and none, surely, where, with the prac- tice of the one and the exercise of the other, the agriculturist may more certainly secure an inde- pendence, and with it the happiness which that circumstance, so far as it goes, naturally secures. It isan error, very prevalent, I believe, among all classes in northern climates—and in such I in- clude, of course, the northern States of our country —that clothing and shelter, especiaily the tormer. are matters of little moment in tropicat climate that, so faras comfort is concerned, the requi ments of decency need alone be consulted int matter ot personal covering. As regards the West Indies, at least, this 1s very great mistake, and the emigrant hither, from whatever country er lati- tude, who should come with this idea, and in con- sequence entertaining the notion that he will have to Taber very little, indeed, to sustain life and be comfortable, and with the fixed and settled inten- | tion of acting accordingly, could not commit a more egregious, and, to himself, calamitous error. This is emphatically true, when’ applied to any in- tended emigrants, of whatever class, from’ our country. True—the lower rural classes of creoles can, and do, live withgut much care or atten either of the referred to departments of civilized life. And they may live in their rude, unfuraish- ed, floorless cabins, and sleep on the ground, with nothing but a hog-skin beneutt and a coarse blanket over them, as many really do, and think themselves very comfortable, fs they have never known, nor | aspired to any thing better. But the Americe immigrant has not been accustomed to whether in Maryland or Alabar and here from either of these extreme cannot en dure, without much physical suffering, such di tution of the household comforts to which has be accusto Again, the creole can, and does fre- quently, live almost exclusively on the spontaneous productions of a prolific soil; but the American colored man, accustomed to a diflerent diet, would pine, contract consequent di and, most pro- babe, die, by snch a course of living.’ All these comforts, and to him necessaries, must be procured by labor p as any where else, Many arti- cles, which to the creole may be luxuries, to the immigrant are necessaries, What is more, in the present state of the couatry, they ec only be procured at a high price, being imported; and if the latter does not, by his industry, furmish himself with the means of procuring them, he is continually exposed, not merely to the same risks of suffering and disease to which this destitution even subjects the native, but also to the additional and aggravated ones to which a change of el and, in this case, habits of life, necessarily er Resides, the force of example, constantly before and aronnd the immigrant, is ever inducing him to fall into the ways and habits of the native class of his equals; and before he is aware, he finds him- self, without knowing how or why, in the midst of discomfort, if not destitution and misery, And without considering that the cause and fault lie solely with himself, and not the country or its go- vernment, he bitterly tues the day he left his na- tive soil; preferring, perchance, as has been, on one occasion, declared to the writer, that h ther be a slave in Virginia than a ei And here it may be remarked that, as it would be natural to expect, there is a decided difference in the intelligence and enterprise of those immigrants who were born free and those who were emanci- pated slaves, though young. And the writer in conserence declare, though no friend to sla and practical knowledge “of, | Of us that, from what he has observed, he regards it as a calamity to this latter class to receive their freedom at home, il the conditions of that emancipation are emigration, even to such a surpassingly fruitful soil and geniul clime as those of this country. There might, and probably would be, exceptions, but that this is the rule, bis limited: rvation, and the deductions of reason, lead hi i _ The writer has stepped line he had traced for him pated a future nich some suge id, in part, antici- e |kindness, to fur- ly portion of his less uvored countrymen pMay have an intention of emigrating to this country; and to warn them against entertaiming any unreasonable and illusory expectations, Which experience would be to dissipate, And should these line inder the obi pation of inelligent individ rtaining such intentions, he believes they recognise and appreciate what has been writtefas indicat ye of quite as much genuine kindliness of (eeling | >- wards their class, as that entertained or manifested by those who, at home, under the garb, and per- haps with the feelings of philanthropists, assunie to take them and their interests under their pecaliar care and protection. And now, as it 13 on Sunday thatTam_ writ. | ing, and am, moreover, in the way and humor of digressions, and shall not, besides, have my atten- tion particularly directed again to that class which has occupied sa, large a portion of this letter, 1 will cl: se by another view they present. AS a class, they are not. only upright in their character and conduct as citizens, but as far as an observer can judge, humble, pious, and si cere christians, The unpretending place of worship of their little Methodist society—the only protestant church, or place of worship in this city—is a room in an an- cient building near the sea-side, past whose door, at the hour that custom convenes the little congre- ation of exiles, the soft morning sea breeze sweeps reshly, imparting that delicious coolness to the air, so grateful of a tropical morning, afier the hot stagnation which occurs just before that hour, on the alternation from the land breeze of the night; while the eternal roar of the breakers over the rock, formed shore jnst below, mingles its m: jestic and sqlemn organ tones with the sim; chaunt of the neighboring worshippers. ttered about the vicinity of the city as these immigrants | are, the number of the weekly attendants 1s small, averaging perhaps twenty or thirty, few of their children bail seen there. It can hardly ful to awake the sefious feeling of the American citizen visiter here—even though he may not be yer seriously inclined—to witness the ‘simple, though sincere worship of these humble countrymen of his, it they are of a(there) civilly degraded race—ac- customed as his ears are generally, here, to the sounds of a foreign, though it may be, to him, in- telligible language, whether it be 1m the routine of daily life, or, of a Sunday in the imposing cere monies of the Catholic worship, in the spacious cathedral. And when the tones. of some old familiar church melody fall on his ear, which, though certainly not expressed in the scientific accords of our metropolitan choirs, yet come from | the heart, and posses# some degree of that har- | mony and melody which the colored race of our country always infuse into their music—his heart earns towards nis home—the land of his birth and | hig aflections—to the scenes, at may be, of his | childhood—the neat willage church, and those | amidst whom he theré used to sit, now, perhaps, departed, as have for him those days of boyhood; | or, back to the, perhaps, scarce less impressive, | and fondly remembered scenes and associations of after years—the stir and life of the city, and then its Sunday quiet, and repose from the bustle and turmoil 6f business—the soothing stillness and ease of the splendid and luxurious church—the friends there usually clustered round him, gathered trom the varied intercourse of active life, connect- ed inj memory by ties more or less intimate and endearing—now, perhaps, severed, or, it may be still entwined with the light garland of hope and promise ; and he, at length, awakes from his mo- mentary revery, during which he has traversed the expanse of ocean that separates him from all these, and 1s surprised to find that all this phantas- magoria of pleasing and melancholy pictures have been evoked, an enchantment no more potent than | the humble religions services—in rude structure— of ‘afew aged representatives of a race, whom long association and habit, at least, have placed in agrade so far below his own. Coe.ens. The Watering Places, Saratoga, July 7, 1848. Life at Saratoga. the lead of opera ties. The belles, consequently, wear a brighter look. The world of fashion is tending towards this cradle of fashion and found- linge, and the leading hotels present some scenes of bustle, and hustle, and jostle, which are ex- , tremely amusing to English cockneys and Yankee horse dealers. The nights are wondrously beauti- ful; they are mild, and the round moon hallows them with her soft beams. This night was a me- morable one; there was a “hop” at the United States Hotel. A “hop” is an informality; it may be like the rehearsal of a ballet; it is not a ball, but it is introductory to a grand ball. ‘The, hop of this evening was brilliant and amusing in many re- | spects; all the beautiful women were present, and | there were several groups of old maids and old. | married women, who go to hops for the purpose of ' toga 1s therefore an event of great interest and | having re | of New York, have been engaged. This band isa ogling people, and of boring them in # hundred ways. ‘ ‘i a ball at Sarataga is given in the modern fashion, with all the modern improvements. ‘The services of Schneider’s brass bund, from the city very su, erior one, and the music ts good. The other s arrangements are unexceptionable. A ball at Sara- great noise. They are in one respect a bazaar, where the marketable mailend sxpope theusselyes: for sale to the highest bidder; and’ they are in all respects very flashy and trashy, and wonderfully amusing. I remember to have attended one of these hops last summer, in company with Mr. Joshua A. Spencer, of Utica. The venerable old gentleman was delighted with the dancing. His encomiums were frequent and emphatic ; but when the waltzing commenced. Joshua was for amoment dumb with horror. He declared, on recovering, that waltzing upon the modern plan was indelicate and indeceent, and finally the old gentleman, ing experienced a sudden shock, abruptly. re- tired from the room. ‘This was all very amusing, and I mention it to show the extraordinary dis- parity in American tastes upon the interesting sub- | ject of hopping and waltzing. Among the loveliest of the lovely women at the hop this evening, I observed Miss B., of New York. Iler dress was modest, yet beautiful. It was apparently a skirt of white muslin, embroi- dered with fe r bees. The boddice was white. Miss B. in person 1s majestic and comely. She has a dangerous eye, black as night, and hair dark as a raven’s plumage. She has created a sensation, 3 Miss H.,of New York, was another feature in this hop that onght to be noticed. ‘This lady was educated in Europe, and has just returned from thence with her father; so we overheard the ven- erable old lady with the peaked nose declare: Mi H. is evidently a young lady of great good sense, and of some claims to personal beauty. We will give a more detailed account of the hop inanother letter. We expect shortly to be amused with masque- rades, vidottos, &c. dc. By payinga small fine, the nobility will be enabled to have a charming masquerade in the Venetian style; we hope they will pay it. é ; The train of this evening brought a large acces- sion of visiters to this watering place: among the passengers, I observed two sisters, who are ac- nowledged to be stars in the fashionable world ; they reside in Albany ; they are petite, but they are cll worten of great beauty: they are habitues at Saratoga, and they come there Sonny to lead the fashions, and to make the young gentlemen mise- rable; what hecatombs of hearts have they bro- ken! what armies of suitors have they put to route ! © Jesut! I had rather encounter fifty heactleea Cos- sacks than brave a woman’s eyes. What will Mrs. Grundy say to this ? | | | | Boston, July 11, 1848. Aspect of Political Affairs m New England. When I wrote you, more than eight months ago, that a plot was on foot among the office holders here to ‘‘fraternize” with the disappointed demo- crats of New York; that they would oppose the nomination of Gen. Cushing a second time in this State for the office of Governor, and that the demo- cratic paperin Gov. Morton’s term, would take part in the movement, I was censured by some of the Massachusetts democratic papers, and accused of drawing upon my fancy for my facts. I had a good laugh over their witicisms at the time, as I had If the longitude of heaven was changed, and if man were admitted within the portals of heaven, he would soon forget to admire, its order; he would forget the very title of heaven and treat it as an illusien—a bad climate for the lungs; men would weary ef heaven. What is this gross qual- ity in man which makes him look upon the divine art of God without awe? Is it insanity, or is it a | bankruptcy of all the pure emotions which should have a place in the human heart? In a world which would be heaven indeed if the felon death did not invade it—man breathes, and dies, and rots with an inanimation and unconcern which is incredible; [ mean inanimation with regard to knowledge; for in the control of the world men would usurp the prerogative of God, while in the altel, of it they do not often care to vie with im. Beautiful Saratoga! cradle of fashion and in- trigue! rendezvous of lacqueys and jockeys! seraglio of the prurient aristocracy! realm of a hundred queens! here in thy wild groves, and here amid thy waterfalls, pr ets would love to live and die. The nature of the waters which have made Saratoga so celebrated, is so well known by the people that I need hardly attempt an examination of them here. The Congress water, which 1s drank freely by invalids, and indeed by all who visit Saratoga, is a cathartic of the eccoprotic or milder class; the taste of this water is not unlike that of soda; it is not unpleasant, and the invalid, after two or three trials, is able to partake ot without a grimace or a shudder ; itis of rema able buoyancy, and a pint of it may be dank with ease, and hout producing any inconvenience. (8 positive eflects upon the system | know nothing. T believe that itis not injurious, and f have before me the testimony of many persons who assert that they have de d great benefit from it. For the information of per- sons who may never have seen an analysis of the Congress spring water, I have procured the follow- ing analysis of the substances contained i gallon, or 231 cubic inches, of this water. ‘This analysis was made m London by Sir Humphrey Davy and Professor Farad Chloride of sodium. Hydriodate of soda. Carbonate of lime... .... Carbonate of magnesia. . Oxide of Iron... Carbonate of soda... Hydro-bromate of potash, 385.44 grains, 402" Solid contents in a gallon. .... ‘This water has been repeate commentator) by a number of professed chemists; but the results of their examinations have been so discordant as to afford but litle confidence in their correctness, ‘The amusements mn which visiters indulge with great animation, are riding, walking, bowling, (at fen pins.) gunning, yachting, angling, dancing, earte and tierce, billiards, whist, and match ma- king. All these amusements are very interesting and innocent. The ladies occasionally have a game at battledore, and the children trw dle their hoops im the beautiful court yard lawn of the United States Hotel. In rear of the Congress spring there is a reular railway, which is patronized ver liberally. An elegant hotel has been recently built at Sara- toga Lake, which is three miles distant from Sari toga; the road to the Lake 1s in good order, and parties visit itdaily. You may bathe in its spark- ing waters without a fear of shocking any modest eyes, or of finding a Bow street officer waiting to arrest you on Rot return to the shore; you may then drive to the new hotel at the foot of the Lake, in the most princely style. For a week the weather has been cold, the mer- cury hardly ever rising above 60 degrees; while we have such villanous weather, we do not expect to see a great influx of visiters ; it has, however, already been large for the seavon. In a few days the company will be, without doubt, as numerous and select as could be desired. analyzed (says a Sararo@a Sprinas, July 11, 1848, The hot season has fairly commenced, and the improved state of the atmosphere has produced a corresponding change in the feeliogs of the visit- ers at this watering place. Animation and hilarity have followed the torpor and gloom of the past week. The patients are recovering, and the con- valescent are getting stronger ; nuptial stock is arising in this market, and hymenial ties are taking in one | grains. | spoken ‘by the card,” and well knew that time would domonstrate the correctness of my predic- tions. Everything that I then prophesied has come to pass. The whole office holding influence has been arrayed against the regular nominations of the democracy, and its entire weight will be directed against Gen. Cushing, should the “ barn- burners” be permited to take part in the Etate convention. I do not believe that they will be permitted to take part in it, for the se: paration has now come to be as decidedly pro- | ved between the two branches of the old demo- | party, as it is in New York itself. Mr. Mor- | ton isas much cut off from the Massachusetts de- | mocracy, as is Mr. Van Buren from the New York | democracy. It is true he has not openly appeared | in the disorganizing movements, now going on; | but every man here kao we that he is the life and | soul of those movements—and a very precarious | life and a very small soul has he furnished to them. Of the government officers we do not now hear anything, as we used to in the old tme, when, according to the whigs, they were destroying | freedom, and overthrowing the constitution by the | ferocity of their labors in behalf of regular demo- cratic nominations, Such of their members as do | labor, direct their exertions against Gen. Cass, who is not good enough for men of their exalted turn ofmind. Ido not mean to say that there are | not any democrats in the Boston custom house; but they certainly are net endangering liberty, just now, by the intensity of their interference 1n elec- tions, fearing, it is said, to be dismissed from their places should they actively support the Baltimore | nominations. | The Taunton Democrat, which is under the in- fluence of the Morton family, has run up the Van Buren flag. This is the paper I told you would bolt. The Dedham Democrat has struck the Cass flag, but has not come out for Van Buren | to the extent of placing his name at the head of its columnns. The Springfield Sentinel is said to be shivering in the wind. All these papers are respectable in point of ability; | poe nothing more. Whether they have been bought, or not, is a point about which I can say nothing. The whig meeting at Faneuil Hall, last Monday eveniug, was a failure, and nothing as compared with the ratification meetng got up under the di- rection of Abbot Lawrence. One old soldier is | said to have mistaken it for an anti-Taylor meeting, and to have expressed the opinion, in pretty plain terms, that, in spite of all such opposition to old Zough and Ready, he would be elected. {under- nd that there is to be a “conscience” whig ing at Groton, in Middlesex county, next ‘That held by the same party at the Tem- ple, in Beston, on the evening of the 7th, was quite a spirited affair. Indeed, the only one of our half dozen parties that has shown any spirit thus far—I mean in this city—is the ‘* conscience” concern. ‘They are full of hope, which is a great enlivener. Yet the leading men—some of them, at least—are anxious to take a step that must end in the utter destruction of their influence ‘They are in favor of nominating old Kinderhook, at Buflalo, than which nothing could be more suicidal to abolition | whiggery in these regions. That the nomination | of Mr. Van Buren, by the Buflalo Convention, will | aid the barnburners 1n your State, is conceded; but, for that very reason, it will kill the whig ers of Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, &e. Whether justly or not, Van Buren is literally hated by the bulk of the whig party—by ninety-nine of | its members out of every hundred—and no amount of gilding can render a pill so nauseous per se, Jatable. If they should ever get it into theirmouths, | end find it sweet there, it would be as bitter in | their stomachs as the “little book” was to the sto- mach of St. John the Divine, All this may be prejudice; but what political leader ever accom- plished anything who disregarded the prejudices | of his followers? From all that we hear from Maine, it would seem that the whigs there are even worse off than they are in Massachusetts. The Taylor section of | the party is led there by Go¥ernor Kent, who rose to tlece by fighting in the cause of one hero, and | hopes to have another lift by supporting another hero. Most of the old whigs are opposed to him, and most of them will join in the * conscience” | movement, which will more than neutralize any | strength that General Taylor may get as being a soldier. General Cass ts unquestionably popular in Maine—his anti-Anglican sentiments being a help to him in what is a border State, A very in- telligent gentleman belonging to the liberty party of Connecticut, told me other day that the chances were altogether in favor of Case in that State, and that the Van Buren demonstration would not draw | places. | bridges, wharves, trees, | hast more than one demoerat from his support, whete the whigs would lose three anti-slavery and ante war voters, The liberty men, he said, would, with scarce an exception, support their own can- didates, following the advice of Arthur and Lewi ‘Lappan, who are certainly abolitionists of a som: whut older date than Ben. F. Butler and C, C. Cumbreling, Van Buren’s nomination, the Con- necticut abohtionists hold, would ruin them, if they should have anything to do with it, as indeed it would a much stronger political organization. Mr. Niles’s influence in Connecticut is much over- rated in some quarters, and his bolting will not in any essential manner weaken the Connecticut de- | mocracy, who have not lately approved of his course, ‘The Massachusetts Democratic State, Central Committee have been in session here this week, and bave called a State convention to meet at Worcester, on the first Wednesday of next tember, at which an electoral ticket, and eandi- daves for governor and lieutenant-goy-rnor, will be nominated. General Cushing will receive the guvernatorial nomination, unless hould prefer to run as the democratic candidate for Congress in district No. 3, as some desire he should. The weuther has been cag trgte? hot this week, and Boston has been very like a place to which it 18 supposed to have a great abhorrence. All who have the chance, ae off to rural seenes or watering- Business is shockingly dull, even for the season; and the all-mighty dalle has entirely disappeared—perhaps that has gone te a place in which water is said to be very scarce. he Institution for the Biind, ‘Tho half yearly examination of the pupils of the New York Institution for the Blind, began on Thurs- day, and was continued on Friday. We were not pre- sent at the examination om Thursday, but we uader- stand the accuracy and extent of the knowledge dis- played afforded the most unqualified gratification te thore who were present, and would have reflected credit on an institution of pupils in the full enjoyment of all their faculties. We witnessed the examination | yesterday, and the answering of many of the papils filled us with astonishment, To say that they ac- quitted themselves as well as those who had the faoulty of vision in all its perfection, would come very far short of the truth. Never on any occasion were we present at school exhibition where ¢! tainments of the scholars were so comprehensl: and the knowledge of the different branches so aco! rate. When we raw in the programme of the proceed- ings that arithmetic, goograpby, chemistry, gram- mur, rhetoric, astronomy and geometry, were amo: the subjects for examination, we were prepared to limi to an extremely small amount the acquisitions of the pupils in there branches —reflecting on the difflculties which we ourselves, with all our advantages,had to sur- mount in order to acquire a knowledge of some of them and consid: ring also the obstaclus which the inmates of this institution have in the loss of vision and the want of books with raised characters, for their instruction, We were astonished, therefore—agrees- biy disappointed at what we witnessed. Im these days of wars and rumors of wars, when our minds are kept ina constant fever of excitement with the ever shitting tactics ofthe different combatants in the{Presidential campaign; when the gloom cust over our city by the funeral obsequies of our vitizen horoe: who fell in the Mexican war, has not been wholly dis: pated; and when every succeeding steamer brings us iu- telligencegof the crushing of a crown, the smashing of scepire,and the burning cf a throne, itis positively a lief t oget away for a few hours from thi enes of confusion and carnag our rufiied spirits, by allowing thom to parti- sures which it compo: cipate for a short time in thote ple our happiness to enjoy yesterda, lowing was the programme of the Pant I. Voluntary on the Organ. Chort jehold the Morning. Class in Elementary Philosophy Examined. Solo—Piano. ...... eee Chorus—Song of the Lark. Love Not Quickste; Class in March “ocal Music Kxamined. Chorus—Serenade. Aria— Di Pincer. ... 6 sees eeseeee eee A. Smith, Class in Grammar Examined. Chorus—Hunter and Milkmaid. Mason’s Waltz. . Pant Il. Chorus—Har Lark. Class in Instrumental Music Examined. Quickstep... . Song. . Chorus—Ha: Ch is tho bells. in Astronomy Examined. Chorus—Beaut.ful Primro:e. Duet—Piano. ..........C. Stewart and A. Merrill, Glee—Come, sing this round. ‘We were much pleased with the answering of the gram- mar class. There was not a figure of speech that was not fully defined. The moral philosophy class com- pletely astonished us. Any one who might suspect that the question: answers were got up for the oc- casion, merely parrot-like, would at once be unde- ceived by the smile of intelligence which occasionally beamed ‘from their countenances when an incorrect answer was given to the question pro} . Consi- dering the difficulty of acquiring correct ideas, without the faculty of vision, upon many of the subjects upon which the pupils were examined, it ap) to be pears | almost imposeible that they should tully comprehend the avawers which they gave ; but that they do so, is beyond all doubt. This is extremely creditable to the teachers, and could only have been secured, as Mr. Morgan remarked, by great perseverance on their part, and exemplary attention on the part of the pupils, What pleasing reflections must not these bereaved creatures have in knowing that under the system of education at this institution, they have the means of developing thelr moral, intellectual, and physical facuities to as great an extent almost as if they had the full enjoyment of all their senses; and what pleasing reflections also must Fd not give to the Legislature, and to all those who have sub- scribed to the fund of this institution, to think that they have been instrumental in alleviating, to such an extent, the misfortunes of this interesting class of our fellow citizens, and conferring on tiem such ineal- culable blessings. There are about 150 inmates in the institution. After the exercises had closed, Mr. Cuasp: the President of the Institution, expressed his ac! ledgements to the audience for their kindness in tending on that occasion, and said that since the insti- tution had been established, the number of pupils had never been so large. He was alsy happy to say that since he last bad the pleasure of meeting them, not single death had occurred in the establishment, and very few cares of iliness, and these of a very slight na- ture. The interest which the public had taken in the institution would act as a stimulus to him, and to all connected with it, to make increased exertions to pro- mote its efficiency, and to make it worthy of the pa- tronage which has been extended to it. armas) Mr. Monean then addressed the assembly. This was the first time that he had ever visited the examifiation of the pupils of the institution, and the exhibition he witnessed had afforded him the greatest gratification. pe results were highly creditable to both teachers nd pupils, and would be highly honorable to an esta- biishment where they had the perfect enjoyment of fill their faculties. (Applause.) This could only have been attained by the great industry of the poole, a pplary fidelity and perseverance of their tots, Ho was also gratified on another account. nerally happened, that with those who were sub- cted to any great bereavement, a feeling of gloom dness pervaded them; but what could be more smil- and contentment; and of the most cherished theless, to their loss, LAIN, 01 ‘an gratifying than to see those countenane ing with cheerfulness though deprived of one of our blessings—resigned, and able to mitigate, t t extent, the consequen- ces of this awful deprivation, (Applause.) It gave him much pleasure to see the efficiency of the institu- tlon. If that man was worthy of the name of a bene- factor who made two blades of grass to grow where only one grew before, how much more was he deserving of the name who was instramental in planting upon the human mind thoughts and ideas which, before that, had never existed. (Cheers) Ho only wished that the same energies which were now exerted to drench the world with blood, were directed to enterprises such as that which now afforded them so much pleasure. If the money which had beon expended for the last two years in the Mexican war had been accrue to instruction and education, it would have juite nt to give an efficient education to every blind the Un Stat (Cheers) He concluded y again expressing the heartfelt gratification he en- joyed from the proceedings which he had witnessed.— (The honcrable gentleman resumed bis soat amidst loud cheers Mr. Kr 5 next addroneed the audience, and compli- mented the State of New York on the nobie and irit she had evinced in the cause of e ight proudly a to her 12.000 distriet schovls, and ber 600,000 children attending them, and say, a8 the Roman matron aid of her children, “ these are my jewels.” (Loud cheers.) The assembly then inspected the building and the various articles manufactured in the institution, and shertly ofterwards separated, highly gratified with what they had witnessed. suffic Lawnnxor.—The ae Gouflre, which flows into the St. Lawrence, distance below Quebec, was visited by a sudden freshet on the 3d inate, ee eta, bs ive t feet, ca! The river rose twelve eet pit hinng’ it met FLoop on sue Sr. with. it inundated the whole of the village onthe north side, throwing down bri fences, &e. end forming deep ravines in its devious course.— Nearly all the bridges were carried away, and the mows and passenger boats having shared | same. fate, the inhabitants were without means communica os with oe oe fp were completely emptied of their content ber and plank. A schooner disappeared, aad has not since been heard of. A great lose of property een caused by this unexpected flood.