The New York Herald Newspaper, June 23, 1848, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. ———-——_~ Whole No, 6133. — NEW YORK, FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 23, 1848. INTELLIGENCE FROM MEXICO. THE CLOSING SCENES OF THE WAR. Movements of the American Troops. Speeches of Messrs. Sevier and Rosa on the Ratification of the Treaty. THE ELECTION OF HERRERA 10 THE PRESIDENCY, &e. &e, ke, BY THE STEAMSHIP CRESCENT CITY. {From the New Orleans Crescent, June 15.] The brig Mary Ann Jones, Captain A. Collins, arrived at this port yesterday, from Vera Cruz, whence she sailed on the 7th inst.. Tae Monitor, of the Ist, thus announces the election of President “ The Chamber of Deputies has declared Sr. General D, José Joaquim de Herrera constitutional President of the republic.” The ratifications of the treaty of peace have been exchanged with all due formality. § The Queretaro Progreso, the greatest war paper of Mexico, utters some very lugubrious lamenta- tions over the consummation of peace. In the number of the 27th May, we find an article enti- tled the ‘Funeral of the Republic,” which we translate :— The pen flies from our hands, while we comply with the sad duty of announcing to our readers, that the day before yesterday the ruin of the republic was consum- mated —our Senate giving the finishing touch to the work of Sr. Pena y Pena and his minister Rosa. More thau half of the Mexican republic, that is to say, cigh- ty-iwo thousand square leagues of rich and fertile lands, comprising a part of our beautiful Tamaulipas, Coauuila, Sonora, Chihuahua, New Mexico, and the Californias, have been id for a small gmount of mo- ney Lo the government at Washington, the implacable one uy of our friends! Our compatriots have been transferred, like beasts of burden, to the dominion of @ new master, This is the most bitter joke, the great- est surcasm on republican institutions, “The gods abanden us,” exclauned the Roman orator under simi- lar circumstances. “Lo give the finishing touch to the picture of our Megradation, yesterday, in the midst of » strong escort of riflemen, the American commissioners entered this city, to recvive the final deed of sale of our country. ‘This infumous document will be, before long, for good Mexicans, the bloody cloak which Maro Antony pre- sented to the Roman people. “It is said. also, that Sr. Rosas wished to place in the residence of the Commissioners the villified arms of the republic, We leave to the consideration of our readers ‘to reflect upon the sad bargain which the poor bird of the Azteos, stationed sileat snd languid on his nopal, will see entered into. “For Sr. Rosas alone it is reserved to render the na- tions! emblem an object of scorn and contempt to the invader, God grant that this eagle, now so depressed, may not some day do with the authors of its misfortunes fn: he now does with the serpent which writhes in his wak.?? The American Star of the 30th ult. says:— Now that the treaty has been approved by all the branches of the Mexican government, but little interest Attaches to the proceedings at Queretaro. The Moni- for’s correspondent furnishes a long letter, but we do not find in it much that is interesting to Americans. ‘Yhe American Commissioners were received and enter- tainen with much hospitality. Mr. Sevier, however, bwing ill, Mr. Clifford took charge of the negotiations. ‘Phe writer does not like the present position of Santa Anua, believing that he is in secret correspondence With his friends in the republic. On the 30th ult. the last number of the American Star was issued. It contained the sous wiogi With this number ends the american Star. Peace is made and ratified, and with its coming ends our mission here. ‘The deed is done. The Scar, which has risen in every city occupied by our arms on this line, has set for the last time, in the capital of those who, but afew days since, ranked on our list as enemies. May there never be another cause for a rupture between us. The Star has advocatedan honorable peace—it has been brought about—we are satisfied—our country is sativfled—Mox- feo is satistied—may peace rest continually with all. ‘There remains nought more, but to say farewell to the gallant soldiers with whem we have so long communed, and whom wo have seen bear aloft their country’s ban- ner in so many victorious fights. It is a short word. but, oa the present occasion, hard to syllable. If, when you retura to your homes and are receiving that reward from friends and countrymen to which your glorious career here entitles you, you will but cast a thought on him who followed you from battle to battle, and raised his Star to chronicle your deeds of glory, it will be consolation enough to us. May you all prosper.— Farewell! ‘The same paper says :— Gen. Patterson, with his division, will leave this morning for Vera Cruz. The general entertained a few of his friends yesterday, amongst whom ail the of- fivers of the 2d Infantry, and their gallant leader, Col Riley. We will take this occasion of apologizing to the general for our non-attendance, urgent business at the quarters of another officer having prevented it; and whilst we return him thanks for the invitation, we take the oceasion to wish him health and happiness on the journey, and after his arrival at home. The sick of the command at Cuernavaca arrived yesterday, 350 sn number, escorted by two companies of infantry, un- der command of Major Blanchard, 12th infantry—four men died on the road, The sickness is great at Cuerna- yaca, Pie 1.th and 15th infantry.under command of Col Bouhain, i infuutry, will arrive here to-day. Lieut. Colonel Hitchcock aad Major Buchanan, Acting In- speetors General. left here yesterday for New Orleans, where they will proceed at once to make arrangements for tae mustering out of the troops. ‘rom the Monitor Republicano, of June Ist, we ct the annexed items:— part of the troops which have been stationed at Toluca, entered the city, and to-morrow Gen. Lane's brigade will leave for Vera Cruz. ‘Three thousand muskets have been purchased for the government, atten dollars a piece, and 400,000 car- tridges. Yesterday, eighty prisoners taken near Santa Fo. were brought into town by some American forces. It issaid that among them t cers, They were seized on account of bearing arms, and had beenseen under suspicious circumstances.— They were liberated on parole. The Epoca of an Louis Potosi, in speaking of the pronunciamento ot Paredes in Aguascalientes, ext General Santa Anna, for example,has pronounced tor the federal syste », and against the federal system ; he has pronounced against the nomination of “President, erwards endeavored to make the same man Pre- hom he had previou-ly oombatted. The same ase with Gon. Paredes ; he pronounced against the government to elevate Santa Anna, and afterwards to overthrow h he commenced the revolution of the 6th of December, 44, and he overthrew the ad- ministration which resulted from that revolution : he was the chief of the monarchical party, and afterwards roclaimed the republie; a bitter enemy of the liberals, eis now united with the Puros, A pretty picture, truly. From the Eco del Comercio of the Ist inst. we. leara that Gen. Marshall's brigade left the city of Mexico oa that day. Sr. Otero has introduced into the Mexican Con- gress a proposition to sead immediate and efficient assistance to Yucatan, The £co sys that the prosecutions so long ex- isting against Gen. Arista have terminated in his full and entire ucquittal, and he is now again in a position to serve his country, It will be seen by the card which we publish be- ted trom the American Star of the 30th, Yucatan expedition will be organized in , and not in Vera Cruz as had been the first inter We should not on this account, how- ever, ubate our exertions to have every thing pre- pared, and transportation provided :— To tne Souprens of tHe Army.—The General-in Chief informed us yesterday that he had received posi- tive orders from tho War ‘Department to discharge no men from the service until after their arrival in the United States. As I had been otherwise informed, and so published it, now make thia contradiction with his sanction, Joux H, Provves Though this may, for the moment, retard the ex- pedition to Yucatan, 1t does not follow that it will fill through, for it will be as easy to sail from New Orleans to Campeachy, as from Vera Cruz. But very few of the thousand and more men, who have volunteered their services to the assistance of the whites of Yucatan, will draw off because they have to go to New Orleans first; and at that point treble the number can be raised after their final dis- charge from the service of Uncle Sam. SPERCHES OF SEVIER AND SR. ROSA AT THE EXCHANGE OF RATIPICATIONS. The Ero del Comercio of the Ist contains a letter, dited Queretaro, May 30, giving an account of the eXchange of the ratifications of the treaty, which ‘we translate below: At half past 8 o’clovk to-night the exchange of ratifications took place in the suloon of Sr. Pena’s house, during a private audience which the Minis- ter of Relations, accompanied by the Minister of War, gave to the Commissioners of the United States. After the exchange, Mr. Sevier said: © Sexon—In leaving your Excellency, after the con- fummation of the object which brought us to this country, weean, with the greatest sincerity, declare, that never, during many years of vicissitudes eonse- quent upon public service in the affairs of our country, MR. | establishes: has any thing caused us more pleasure than the ex- change of the ratifications of the treaty which re- ce between the United States and Mexi- @ Iniecd, 1°. this event will be viewed with satis- 1actiou by all honorable men of both nations. “We sincerely hope that the great part which your Excellency and the other members of the administra- tion have taken in the congummation ef so desirable work. will ulways be rememired with gratitude by both countries “ My colleague, Mr, Clifford, by order of my govern- ment. aud with the permission of yours, will remain in Mexico, and on my return to Washington, will, with- out doubt. be invested with a new mission, as Resident Minister at Mexico Our government, whose conf- dence you so much possess, hopes that in discharging its duties, by promoting the honor and well-being of the United States, it may conduct itself in such a manner as to acquire the sympathies of the Mexican authorities. “As your Excellency has previously permitted, I will return as soon as possible to the United States, with the treaty of peace, which is now confided to us, and I hope to arrive at Washington before our Congress has completed its session, It is scarcely necessary for me toinform youthat my arrival at that city with the treaty of peace will be hailed with the greatest cor- diality. “T cannot suffciently express our gratitude for the kindness and distinguished honor with which we have been received. We shall take pleasure in communi: ting this to our government. Our moat ardent desire is that you and your country shall enjoy peace and Prey ‘ . ‘The Minister of Relations replied as follows :— “Sim—This solemn moment, in which, after such great and strenuous efforts, peace and good under- standing are re-ostablished between Mexico and the United States of America, will always be satisfactory to me. ‘This memorable reconciliation will always be con- sidered by the entire republic as the most efficacious means of restoring its prosperity and grandeur. “Though war always leaves behind such sad meme- ries, you will always jeave in Mexico a grateful remem- brance of having 40 effectively intervened for the re- establishment of peace and harmony between two na- tions. “It is very pleasing to the President to know that Mr. Clifford will remain in Mexico, and that he will soon discharge the duties of Resident Minister. The government of Mexico will hasten to name s Minister of the Republic to reside near the government of the United States of America. “I sincerely desire that you may have a happy re- turn to the United States, and that you mar be te- ceived there with the sympathies which the ciroum- stance of having been so directly concerned in the re-establishment of peace between the two republics, should excite in your favor. “It only remains to me to manifest to you that the President has been pleased with the forbearance which your Excellencies have manifested in the important conference which preceded the ratification of the treaty. For my part, I shall never forget the cordiality with which, in these conferences, | have «ivays been treated by you. “A duty now remains to us to fulfil t who have so directly intervened in this work of peace and concord—that of erating the efforts of our lives to affirming and consolidating this peace,in which the policy, the humanity and the civilization of two great nations are interested.” [From the American Star of the 30th ult} The San Patricio prisoners, now that peace is declared, will in a few days be taken to New Or- leans, and there be dishonorably discharged. Riley is at the head of them, and if he should return to Mexico, we hope he will show he has received a lesson that will be of some advantage to him. No American can ever have any confidence in him, and we doubt whether there is one who would not consider himself disgraced by being found in his company. He has been punished, but not enough, for the great crime he has committed. A number of Mexican citizens, seeing the above peragranh, sent the following petition to General utler, which we translate from El Monitor:— To His Excellency General Butler, Commander in Chief of the American Army in Mexico. In the last number of the American Star it is said that the prisoners of San Patricio, and their captain. Riley, now that peace is celebrated, are to be carried to New Orleans, and turned out of the service in an igno- minious manner. We would humbly beg the comman- der in chiof to show his clemency, by pardoning those unfortunate men, and rentitting the rest of their term of punishment, setting them at liberty, and allowing them to remain among us. Nothing would, in our opi- nion, be a more appropriate act in celebration of peace or more conducive to forgetfulness or the past, than the exercise of the right of pardon towards these unfortu- nates, who would not have suffered had the war not taken place. They have suffered in our cause. and we think that no act ot grace that Gen. Butler could exer- cise on leaving our soil would render his memory halt ateful to Mexicans as this. Should his Excellency read these lines, we hope he will be persuaded that they are the expression of the sentiments of every Mexican eart, On the 24th of May, a bill was introduced into the Mexican congress, by Sr. Orozco, providing, Ist, for the suppression of all general commands; 2d, for the division of the armed force into the re- gular army and the National Guard; 3d, that the regular army shall consist of 10,000 men, including generals and the appropriate number of officers; 4th, that the regular army shall be stationed upon the frontier most likely to be menaced, and shall attend only to the exterior security of the republic; 5th, that the officers who do ‘not remain on the frontier with their commands, shall receive no pay; 6th, that the officers who are not sent to. the frontier, shall not belong to the re- gular army; 7th, that the generals and offi- cers shall. be _ taken from among those who have distinguished themselves for their pa- triotism, valor, and military science ; 8th, that the National Guard shall attend to public safety in the interior; 9th, that in case of fade invasion, Congress shall not have power to re-inforce the regular army from the National Guard ; 10th, the regulations now in force ahall apply to the National Guard ; Ith, that the Govrenors of the States, if they do not belong to the regular army, shall be in- spectors of the national militia ; , that the gendarmerre shall be entrusted with the charge of private security ; 13th, that the Legislatures of the Stater shall immediately organise the National Guard and the gendarmerie ; 14th, that one month after the publication of the law the regular army shall proceed to the froutier. A late number of the Gaceta, contains a decree of the President of Mexico concerning Mexican duties, By this decree it appears that on the cessa- tion of the war, the Mexican tariff of the 4th ot October, 1845, will go into operation, and as the duties thereby imposed on imported goods are much higher than those collected during the time the ports were in possession of the Aterican forces, some modification is necessary, in order that what may hereatter come in may be enabled to compete with toreign merchandise now in the market. Ie therefore orders that a reduction of 30 per cent be made on all duties collected under the above mentioned tariff. From this rule will be excepted the duties of one per cent established by the law of the 3ist of March, 1838, and that of two per cent on damaged goods, which must be paid in full. Vera Cruz, June 6.—By the mail from Mexico we have nothing of importance, except the prepara- rds those tioes which are making for tue descent of the troops. ‘The out-postsare called in as rapidly as possible, and the division of Gen. Patterson was on the marek to the coast, and will probably arrive ina short time, The troops from Or.zsbo and Pe- rote are hourly expected ; an escort with the sick and disabled at Jalapa, has arrived, and is being embarked for New Orleans. Gen, Smith is in command, and we really find it a pleasiist change. I'he immense number of troops, teamste rs and fol- lowers of the army about to leave for home, will require an extraordinary quantity of transports, and it isto be hoped that the Quaftermaster’s De- partment at home will not be remiss in providing sufficient, and in time, or the worst consequences may be upprehended’ from the exposure of the troops coming down—the diffe rence in the climate of the table lund and this roasting place can_ only be appreciated by one who hastried both. Many of the ry, eon will, if permitted, go directly home to Boston, New York, Philadelphia, ete., without stopping at New Orleans; such, | learn, are the wishes of the officers and men, and it will un- doubtedly be the best for all parties, as most of the troops if mustered out of service and paid off in New Orleans, will reach home with nothing but the glory they have won, if your yellow fever al- lows some of them to go atall. Our friends from Louisiana now in town are generally well, Some of them are not yet tired of the labor and excite- ment of service,and if they could be discharged here would, no doubt, take their chances against the Indians in Yucatan—after they get home it may be a different affair. By the bye, talking of Yucatan, you may inform the friends of that State. it ithave any in New Orleans, that if they will furnish the necessary outfit, a regiment could easi ly be raised in this city during the next month, to settle the war and the country. Heapqvantens, Derantment of Vera Cxvz, Mexico June 1, 1848. Orders No. 197.—Pursuant to General Orders No. 102, from the Hepdquarters of the Army of Mexico, Brevet Brigadier General Persifor F, Smith assumes command of the Department of Vera Cruz, No civil jurisdiction in judicial matters will be hereafter exer- cised, except where the American army or govern- ment is interested; and all proceedings already com- menced will conse. Captain Winder, Ist Artiliery, as Lieutenant Governor, will remain charged with tho maintainance of the police of the city, Brevet Colonel Henry Wilson, lst Infantry, is placed in the immedi. ate command of all the troops in and sround the city. By order of General Smith. EARL VANDORN, A. D. C. Quererano, May 29, 1848, In the Chamber of Deputies, to-day, the Minister of State presented the general plan for colonization, re- jected on the 4th December, 1846, and a special law for colonizing the Isthmus of Tely itepec. Referred to the committee appointed on that subject. Senor Pacheco presented the following propositions : On the composition of the army and navy—concern- ing the public security—expenses of the government— suppression of excises—reduction of convents, and abolishment of male novitiates, h Quenerano, May 30, 1848, It is now nine and a half o'clock at night, and it is ascertained that Herrera is elected by the votes of eleven States, against five which cast their suffrages On ‘the first ballot, Herrera had 8 votes, Santa Anna 3, Trias 2, Pedraza 1, and Ocampol. So Chamber proceeded to decide between Herrera and rias. Herrera received the votes of the following States: Guanajuato, Mexico, Michoacan, Oajaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis, ‘Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Jalisco, and the Federal district, Trias obtained the votes of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Taba to, and Zacatecas, Herrera will enter upon th» discharge of his duties to-morrow. ‘The treaty has boen exchanged, and to-morrow the commissioners leave.) Ciry or Mexico, May To-day the division of Gen. Patterson ieft for the coast. Day after to-morrow the division of General Marshall will leave. Our commissioners were at Queretaro on the 28th. My correspondent writes me that there is no news there, and nothing more. I look for the return of our commissioners in the course of two or three days. Gen. Butler will start from here about Monday next, in company with Mr. Sevier. At the last accounts, Mr. Sevier was sick at Que- retaro, The Yucatan expedition which was fitting out here, has been knocked in the head by Gen. Butler. It was an awful misfortune to the “go ahead” of the army. Col. Bankhead will be in here this evening, from Orizaba, with all the troops, with the exception of thirty or forty left to protect government property. A train arrived this morning from Jalapa, with sick soldiers. ‘They are shipping for your city on board the on America. ‘he steamers Portland and Maria Burt arrived here yesterday from your city, bringing dates of the 30th ult, The British steamer arrived last night. I am in- formed all the public property in the city of Mexico will be sold there. If @ like course is pursued at this department, it will be a great loss to the government, as it will not bring within one-third of the price that would be had for the property in New Orleans Gen Smith is well, and as active as could be expected. He dresses very like Jacob Barker, and is not unlike him in stature, but his countenance is now fresh, and of a youthtul appearance to that of Barker's. Capt. J. J. Clendenin, A. Q. M., has been relieved by Capt. Thos. M. Gleason, and J. M. Reeves, Agent Quartormaster’s Department. Capt. Clendenin has many friends at this place, and his departure will be much regretted by those who know him, and the go- vernment will sustain @ great loss in l sing the ser- vices of Capt. C. Iunderstand he intends to resign, after his accounts with the government are settled. El Siglo Diez y Nueve, a newspaper in the city of Mexico, which suspended its publication at the approach of our army to that city, has made its re- appearance. Referring to the election of Herrera, the correspondent of £7 Siglo says that if Herrera accepts the nomination, he will, at least, ask leave of absence for a short time. | Report of men who died inthe general hospital during the half month ending May 31st, 1848 :-— Regulars.—Died—Privates, John Straber, recruit, 8th Inf.; F. Schmoll, recruit, 4th Inf.; W. J. Valentine, 4th inf.; Samuel Woodward, 3d Inf.; ‘Casper Reinhart, Vol- tigeurs; John Donohoe, Vol.; W. J. Creiger, recruit, 6th Int.; James McBride, recruit, 2d Inf.; Hardy Jones, Company C. 12th Inf.; Charles Lockwood, re- cruit, 3d Inf.; Charles G. Wildes, recruit, 3d inf; Levi Blackman, reerult, 6th Inf; P. Milison, recruit, th Inf. We copy the following account of a dreadful ca- tastrophe in Vera Cruz, on the 3d inst., from the Free American :— Ono of the most dreadful catastrophes that we ever witnessed, occurred in Company street, almost oppo- site our eflice, yesterday morning. Atabout 100’clock, 4 tremendous noise was heard, resembling the report of 4 cannon, or the explosion of a bomb, and a shock was felt ike that occasioned by an earthquake. Our first idea was to rush out to the street to ascertain what had happened, and what an awful sight presented it- self to our view! ‘he house next to the corner of Lagunilia and Company streets, presented a heap of rains, A great many persons, who came from all directions of the city, immediately commenced to search in the cuins for the unfortunate beings who were buried un- der them, No less than thirteen dead bodies, including men, women, and one or two children, were found Several persons were taken out still alive, but their bo- dies were so mangled that some of them will be crippled for life. Attached to this house there was an open yard, where fandangos or balls were often given; and we un- derstand that preparations had been made to give one last night. Many of the unfortunate women who 0 unexpectedly met a death, were probably preparing themselves for this amusement. ‘The terrible accident was caused by the explosion of powder. It seems that an individual residing in one of the lower apartments of the house, was in the habit of selling powder and cartridges, in contravention of the ordinances. We were also told that a man was son making cartridges in this house yesterday, having, at the same time, a segar in his mouth; that he was warned by ® friend of the danger to which ho ex- posed himself by this imprudence, but that he paid no attention to it. Great credit is due to the Quartermaster, for prompt- ly sending the laborers in his employ to aid the people who had voluntarily commenced the work. ‘The officer of the day, Capt. White, and of the guard, Lieut. Young, as well as the men under their conimand, and the police, are entitled to the thanks of the citizens for their early arrival on the spot, and their successful exertions in keeping ordsr and ‘preventing confusion. We understand that Gen. P. F, Smith had just passed by the house whore the accident occurred, and was within a few steps of it. The shock occasioned by the explosion was go severe that he fell to the ground, reeviving, however, no injury. NGERS PER Bric HELEN, .—Lieuts, J. F. Gilmer, F. B , M. Harrison, 8. §. Alexander, G, B, McClellan, U.S. E.; Dr. Thomas A. MeParlin, in charge of 65 sick from the general hos- pital, Vera Crug, INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF THE MOVEMENTS OF THE PEACE COMMISSIONERS. [Correspondence of the New Orleans dey igre Quenerano, May 30, 1848. The Commissioners left the city of Mexico on the ‘2d inst., early in the morning. and arrived here on the rnvon of the 25th, having made the journey—about one hundred and fifty miles—in less than four days Chey were escorted by # company of the Rifles and one of the 3d Dragvons, the former commanded by Capt. Porter and Licut, Palmer. and the latter by Capt Jenifer aud Lieuts, Moore and Blood. Major Poik. although suffering severely from chills and fever when he Commissioners left Mexico, came in comraand of the escort, and his health was re-established on the Lieut. Divver, of the 3d Dragoons, acted as Quartermaster anu Commiseary; Lieut, Dorn, of the same regiment, as Adjutant, and Dr. Reyburn. of New Orteans, ax Surgeon to the Commissioners and the es- cort, Capt, Blanding, of the South Carolina Volan- toers, and Mr. Johnson, an attaché of the Commission, accompr nied the party, together with the Messrs, Har- gous, of Vera Craz and New York, through whom, it is presumed, the money to be paid by our government to that of Mex co is to'pass. ‘I'he men composing the es- cort were all picked, and might chalienge the world to a comparison of soldierly appearance aud high disei- pline. The officers, too, are all gentlemen of fine intelligence and do houor to the army as its re- presentatives. On the read, where American troops had never been seen before, at every stopping place the people, urged by curiosity, gathered round the command, and it was amusing to witness the ex- pression of wonder in their faces as they beheid the — horses—one of which is as large as two of theirs. But little of interest occurred onthe road. The Commissioners wero every where recoived with politeness ; and, whenever they stopped at haciendas of the wealthy, with hospitality. I'he country, take it as a whole, from Mexico to Queretaro, is the finest | have seen in Mexico, with the exception of the val- nerally highly cultivated. production, and it is not uncommon from five hundred to a thousand acres; but with that ignorance of the principles of agricul- ture which pervad-s nearly all Mexico, the same field is planted with corn year after year for ten or twelve years, and the tact that good crops are still grown, attest the richness of the soil, This city is about two thousand feet lower than Mexico, and tho desceut, though the country is rather undulating than other- wise, is regular. With a few exceptions water is suf- ficiently abundant for irrigation For the first forty or fifty miles, the canal by which the water of Lake San Cristobal is carried from the valley of Mexico into the Rio Tula,» branch of the Panuco, together with the Tula itself, waters tho cowry; and, during the remainder of the journey. where living streams wore wanting, we found immonse tanks, or reservoirs, for preserving the rain water. and theso frequently cover spaces of forty, sixty and eighty acres! Tula and San Juan del Rio are the only towns on the road worth noting. The river of the same name runs by the former town, anda considerable stream (another branch of the Paawoo) by the latter. Both towns are very neat, and each has a population of about four thousand. The plazas, or public squares, are sur- rounded by shade trees, and more than ordinary Mex- jean taste is displayed in the adornment of both towns. Two haciendas, at which we stopped—one named La Goleta, and the other Aroyasoca—elicited general ad- miration. The grounds were finely cultivated, and an extensive view of corn, wheat and barley fields—the first well grown, and the latter ripened to that golden hue, 80 frequently the theme ot poets, giaddened the oyes of those of the party having a taste for rural life, 30, 1848. 8) From Vera | Captain bad (an American, formerly an officer of the Mexican Navy.) who acted as guide and as pur- veyor te the Commissioners, on the morning we left San Juan del Rio, came very nearly being ill |, with two dragoons, by robbers. Woe were warned at San Juan, which was the last place we stopped at beforo arriving at the city, to be on tho iook out for robbers; but Capt. Wyse, disregarding the caution, proceeded with the two dragoons in advance of the command, to order breakfast at Aroyasuca, and when about two miles from the town eight or robbers rushed from ambush, with thelr arms cooled, «nd attempted to ize the bridles of Captain Wyse and the dragoons. ‘The captain and the men were unprepared with their weapons, and fell back upon the command, and as they retreated, the robbers all fired upon them, but fortunately missed. The same day we learned that the passengers in the stage going from Queretaro to Mexico, and those in the stage coming from Mexico, were robbed of every thing they had by this purty. One of the robbers bad the strap of a Mexican officer on his shoulder, and as some of the inhabitants of Sun Juan predicted the captain would be robbed, we had every reason to beliave he was an officer. It is not uncommon for Mexican officers, and others in this country who style themselves respectable, when from gambling their fortunes become desperate, to take to the road until they obtain sufficient to return again to the monte table, About five miles from this city the Commissioners were met by a Mexican escort of sixty lancers, com- manded by Capt. Don Luis Poztilla, The moment the carriage in which the Commissioners were was in sight, Don Luis M. de Herrera, Adjutant General of the Mexican Army, and Col. Almonte, brother of the ex- Minister to Washington, dashed forward to receive them. The American escort advanced, and passing the Mexican escort ata present, formed on the right. The Mexican treops them took the advance, which t! kept into the city. Nothing can be more beautiful, at a distance, than the appearance of those Mexioan lan- cers ‘Their uniform near is gaudy, but when seen combined with the tri-colored ponnon fi m the lance, their appearance is picturesque in the extreme, As the procession L the eity, we found several carriages on tho rond, tilled with the most rexpectablo part of the population, waiting to witness our entrance, and perhaps still more curious to seo American troops, The streets through which the Commiasioners and the troops moved were filled with spectators; and not only the streets, but the doors, the galleries and the house-tops. The Commissioners found & house prepared for them and their suite, and the officers and men. were comfortably quarterad by aight. During the night some stones were thrown at the men, and for a time it was feared that a collision would tuke place between our troops and the people, but the forbearance of the men and the precautions taken by the officers, prevented it, and since all has been quiet, Major Polk, the day atter our arrival, report- ed to the government, through the Commissioners, this belligerent conduct on the part of the people, and he reovived assurances of the protection of the army ond government, but it was confessed that the population were hostile to the Americans, anda re- quest was made that every possible measure would be taken to prevent a collision ‘The oity of Queretaro is net seen from the road until you arrive within about two miles of it, when it lays at your feet, a you standon the summit of a steep hill. — ‘Ahead, as far as the eye can reach, extends a beautiful plain, thirty or forty miles wide, enclosed by two ranges of low mountains. The city is built on the only cle- vated spot to be seen on the plain, and contains a po- pulation variously estimated at thirty, forty and fifty thousand. In the timo of the Spaniards, it was a flou- rishing and wealthy city, but now, like most Mexican cities, it bears the evidences of rap{d decay. In Mexi- coand Puebla, decidedly the most prosperous cities 1 have seen in the country, you will find frequently four or five families in a house, but here you rarely find more than one, and numbers of the houses in the suburbs are entirely tenantless. Rubio owns a cotton factory, one of the most extensive in the country, within about two miles of the city, in which between three and four thousand hands are employed. ‘They have excellent water here, owing tothe munificence of # Spaniard, the Marquis de Viladil, who, entirely at his own ex- pense, brought water into the city fiom a spring twelve miles distant, Forabout 10 miles,through the highlands, the water is breught through a tuanel, and the remain- der of the distance it passes through a splendid aqueduct, the archos of which are from ninety to a hundred feet high. ‘This work was constructed previous to the revo- lution. Viladil, not content with constructing the work at his own cost, before his death presented to the city an extensive estate, the proceeds of which he willed should be appropriated to keeping the aqueduct in re- air. When Santa Anna was on his return from Buena ista to Mexico, he sold this estate as public property, giving as an excuse that the exigencies of the country demanded the salo of all such property. Rubio was tle purchaser, and as soon as Santa Anna lost power, the people of the city threatened to tear down the fuctory, unless the property wae given up und the proceeds ap- propriated as designed by the donor, On the 20th, the Commissioners were visited by the principal members of the Cabinct, and the same day they visited the Prosident and presented their creden- tials, You will find herewith their speeches on the occa- sion. [have endeavored to obtuin the speech of Pena y Pena in reply, but up to this time have been unsuc- cessful. On the 27th, accompanied by Mr. Clifford and Rosa, the officers of the escort and the citizens who ac- companied the Commission, were, by invitation, pre- sented to the President. ‘They were received in a very plainly.indeed 1 may say meanly furnished room in‘ private house, near the suburbs of the city. Pena y Pena, and all the civil officers of his government, wore present, among whom was Anaya, as well as Rosa, dress- odin simple style; but at the very threshold ‘of his house was a military guard, and at the entrance of hix chamber stood a sentinel, showing what a mockery is republicanism in Mexico. The manner of introduc- tion was the same us among ourselves. ‘The President stood up as each gentieman was introduced to him, and shook hands. The intro lictions over, all sat down, Rosa and Mr. Clifford on tle right of the Presi- dent, andjAnays and Major Polk on hisleft. Some ten or fifteen minutes were then consumed in conversa- tion, when the whole party left. The conversation was chiefly between Mr, Clifford and Major Polk and the President, and was expressive, on both sides, of fe- licitations on the prospect ef a speedy peace, and the hope of long harmony between the two countries, A delay has taken place in the exchange of ratifica- tions in consequence of the national seal being in Mexico, which the Mexican authorities declare uvces- sary to affix tothe treaty. It was sent for by express, and, having been received, the treaty will be signed i Tovelock this evening. ‘The Commissioners have to- day been endeavoring to obtain permission for our ca- vairy and artillery to leave the country by way of San Luis Potosi and Saltillo, but it has been refused in the most positive manner, and no portion of the army will be allowed to go from the interior through any other port than Vera Cruz, or some one in its immediate vi- cinity, The Commissioners will leave for Mexico to- morrow, Mr. Clifford, as I have already informed you, will remain as Minister. General Butler will go to Vera Cruz with Mr. Sevier, whose delay in Mexico will be very short. ‘There are in this city and its vicinity 2,500 to 3,000 troops, and the place is filled with Mexican officers The intercourse between them and our officers has been most agreeable, They have dined each other, and vied In courtesies, At the table the Mexican of- ficers toast Washington, Taylor and Scott, and our of- ficers return the compliment by drinking to Hidalgo and Victoria and Santa Anna. Atanyt is diffi- eult for # Mexican to restrain his vain when under the influence of wine the greater number be- come utterly disgusting. ‘Ihey all have badges. one for Palo Aito and Resaca, another for sonterey, again one for Buena Vista, and others for some one or all of the battles on the other line, Our officers would politely inquire for wat these decorations were worn, and then they would hear of deeds of valor which won them that would put the “Old Guard” to the blush As well as [can learn, there are about one thousand doserters, or men whore terms of service in the Ameri can army expired previous te their leaving it, enrolled inthe Mexican army. Those who were in this city, nearly two hundred, were removed eighteen or twenty miles on our approach, but we daily meet men in soi- dier’s garb in the streets whom we know, by their faces, tw be from the American army. They cannot now be touched, of course. The remainder of the band are at San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato and Guadalajara, ‘These men have been the preservers of Pena y Pena from re- volution, The Mexican soldiers and citizens have the groatest fear of them, and at one time, when the go- vernment was threatened by the population of this city with destruction, there two hundred deserters station- ed here ruppressed the insurrection. They are paid higher and far more regularly than the Mexican troops, and have stuck by Penay Pena throughout. If the Mexican government has not the sense to keep these men scattered through the country in small bodies, they will yet be wcurse to it, fora thousand of them would terrify ten thousand Mexican troops. Havr-Past 7, P.M —The treaty has just been signed by Rosa and the Commissioners, and peace is made. I DS. The following are the addresses alluded to in the letter of our correspondent, both translated from the Spanish : ADDRESS OF TID THE U. S$. COMMISSIONERS, UPON THEIR PRESENCATION AS MINISTERS PLENIPOTEN- ‘TIARY ‘TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. Sin—We have come hither to present to you our credentials as Commissioners of the United States for the exchange of ratifications of the treaty signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, with the modifications made in Washington by the Senate. The Mexican Congress having approved the treaty as modified, all that is wanting for the complete re-esta- blishment of peace between the two countries, is the exchange of ratifications. Woe sincerely congratulate you upon this auspicious result, and we shall ever have Teason for the most grateful recollwctions, as we have been in a measure the instruments of accom- plishing it Your Excellency may be aseured that the wishes of the United States are for the prosperity of Mexico, and that they well know that in this prosperity their own interests are deeply involved. May the two countries, like sister republics, ever maintain the most friendly relations; in both may libe- ral institutions flourish by meane of mutual ef «ts, #0 whose foundation stone is intelligence, education and virtue, and that in their elevation they may ser & beacon light in the pathway of popular enfran- chisement, in which the nations of the civilized world are now struggling and advancing with new vigor and unbounded hope, that both may reach that height of national great uess, | Sincerely animated by these sentiments, we have the | honor of placing our credentials in your hands. S$ EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT. GentLemen—With the greatest satist jon, | have | reoeived from your hands the credentials which you have presented for the exchange of ratifications of the treaty signed in the city of Guadalupe Hidalgo, with the modifications made in Washington by the Senate, which treaty has just received the appreval of the Mexican Congresa. Lowe you the most expressive thanks for the senti- ments of friendship and good will which you have manifested towards the Mexican Republic. In its name | assure you that these sentiments are complete. ly reciprocated, and that as Chief Magistrate of the Republic. I desire nothing more ardently then that our treaty may become the immutable basis of that con- | stant harmony and good understanding which should cordially prevail between two republics,in order that | they may be prosperous, powerful and respected in the genoral society of nations. SANTA ANNA. ii : We learn from Senor Carena, that it is the uni- versal expectation and belief of the Mexicans, that | Santa Anna will return to Mexico, as soon as our | army leaves the country. Those who have incur- | red the hostility of this powerful chief, are looking to a division of the country into independent re- publics, as the only thing that can save them from the evils of a continuation of his oppressive and corrupt rule. Hence their eagerness to forward the Sierra Madre movement, which it is expected will include nearly all the prominent chiefs of the liberal or Federal party in the North of Mexico. ate ALMONTE. | KA This distinguished Mexican is about to visit the United States with his family ; and will probably take up his permanent residence in the city of New Orleans, where he spent much his youth, and acquired much of the valuable information he possesses. He has lost all his popularity in Mexi- co, and is shoroamhly disgusted with the country. Almonte is considerably ahead of his countrymen in light and information, and will, no doubt, feel much more at home in New Orleans, at his old trade of selling hardware, than in dealing with the impracticable races of Mexico. —N. O. Delta June 13. ; AFFAIRS IN YUCATAN. g Advices have reached Havana trom Merida, to the 27th ult, They were much more encouraging to the friends of humanity in the peninsula, The Yucatecos had attacked the Indians on several de- tached points, and their success was signal. At Cililan, the latter had been driven from their en- trenchments, and pursued a league and a half into the interior. At Laguna the endemic fever, pecu- liar to that spot, was making preat ravages. The city of Merida is crowded with fugitives from the country, of whom there are three times more wo- men than men, and more than half are ina state of poverty and infirm health. It is stated that 2000, men, of the Indian race, living in the environs of Campeachy, have offered their services to the go- vernment to fight against the insurrectionists. THE REPUBLIC OF SIERRA MADRE. ‘The New Orleans Delta says, that Don Jose F. G, Carena had arrived in that city for the purpose of procuring a printing press and the necessary materials, to commence at Tampico the publica- tion of a journal devoted to the establishment of a republic of Sierra Madre. The Delta learns from Senor Carena, that the plan which has been concocted and agreed upon at Tampico, embraces the States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and parts of the States of Vera Cruz and Puebla, with an inv itation to. the adjacent States to join in the movement. _ The Delta thinks that aad of the Mexicans are ripe for the movement, and that all they will need to insure success will be the aid of some of our gal- lant volunteers and a supply of ammunition, and suggest that there will be a force of at least 4000 American soldiers inthe new republic, as soon as it is proclaimed, ready to take a part in its defence and organization, _ ARMY INTELLIGENCE. The America reports ship Russia, Capt. Ranti- Pclee Pwo Cents. The Cibolo, and other streams in the vie San Antonio, are up with continuous setth ments. New Braunfels has more than doubled in size, and the Guadalupe below, to Seguine, is cover- ed with many small and some pretty large planta- tions, cultivated by negroes. ‘the town of Frede- ricksburg, on’the Pierdenales, has also greatly in- creased; and the surrounding country is said to be filled with an industrious population of German farmers, Settlements have been made still higher upon the Llano and San Saba, and all of them are prosperous and undisturbed by Indians. We are wlad to learn that the German colonists there have this year planted an abundance of corn, which, in many instances, is the first agricultural experument ever made in that region. ‘This crop is remarka- ly fine, and far exceeds the expectations of the emigrants. They have had fine seasons of rain, and the com is now so nearly matured that it is out of all danger from drought. The same is also the case in Castro’s Colony, on the Medina, There are three or four settlements of the German Com- munists on the Llano, numbering nearly éne hun- dred, who are said to be very intelligent and en- terprising ; they are mostly young men, At pre- sent they have no women among them. In 1829, the whole cotton crop of Texas was about 500 bales ; from that time to 1885, it had in- creased to between 3000 and 4000 bales. In 1840, it amounted to about 8000 bales, since which time there have been three seasons of nearly a total fail- ure, one oceasioned by heavy rains, and two by the worm or caterpillar. The crop of ’46 amount- ed to about 8000 bales, which was probably not more than half an average crop. The crop of 747, allof which has not yet reached our market, will exceed 40,000 bales. ‘This shows an increase of about 38} per cent per annum for the last eight years. In these statements we omit altogether the crop of Eastern Texas, which has been shipped by way of Red River to New Orleans, and the amount of which has been estimated variously, some even making it equal to the whole crop of all the rest of Texas. It 1s necessary here to remark that the aggregate of our cotton crop has been diminished, by the increased attention paid to sugar, to the amount of 2000 or 3000 bales; and the same cause is likely to operate more effectually in future asa check upon the increase of cotton. i Sugar has been made in Texas to a very limited extent, and for domestic uses for many years ; but no mills for manufacturing it as an article for ma! ket or export, have been introduced till very re. cently, The first export of sugar was about 60 hhds., of the crop of 1846. Of the crop of last ti (1847), the export has amounted now to 500 hds., which will be increased to about 600. The whole of that crop does not vary much from 2000 hhds., so, that about 1400 find a market at home. Full half of that crop was probably destroyed by the early frost last fall. This year the production, with a favorable season, will amount to at least 5000 hhds., and probably more ; and the amount will increase probably full 50 per cent per year for soine years to come. Letter from Major Jack Downing. On noann THE Two PoLLins, AT ANCHOR ore Baton Rover, loth June, A. D., 1848 } My old friend—My last letter tell’d you all about my arrival hero with Capt. Jumper, where we come from, and how we got here, and why we come here, and how kindly was our reception by “Old Zuc.’’ and that for nigh upon three days there warn’t stroke of work done on any plantation for more than ten miles round, and Ido raly believe if I and Capt. Jumper hadn't threatened to lift anchor and quit unless they went to work upon the cotton crop, our visit would hat as bad for the crop as a visit of caterpillars, Day before yesterday we got the news of tl tion at Philadelphia—and it svem'd to me th aissippi was willing to run up as well as down stream. Every livin critter along here look’d as happy as if they had just struck a trail after being lost in the woods for a week—the steamboats, too, going up and down the river made signals to one another—and all creation seem‘d to know it as quick as Squire Morse could tell it on his lightning wires—and they would sheer up along side of the Two Pollies, and cheer like all possess’d Capt. Jumper warn’t slack, [ tell you—and no gall go- nity of ford, sailed from Vera Cruz on the 4th inst., for this port, with a detachment of New York Volun- teers, under the command of Lieut. C. R. Perry.— N.O. Delta of Vth. The following named vessels left this port last evening for Vera Cruz, chartered for transporting troops to this port; ships Savates and Timoleon, bark Florida and brig Othello. The U. 8. steam- ship Massachusetts and the steamer Fanny also sailed for the same purpose.—N. O. Pic. of lth. News from Texas. The Grand Jury of Galveston having instituted inquiry into the conduct of Judge Watrous, of the United States District Court, against whem charges had been made, declare that they have ful confidence in his ability, integrity, and impartial spirit—and thatthey regret the inconsiderate course of the members of the late Legislature of Texas, in the passage of joint resolutions, requesting the | judge of that district to resign his office, and do not | approve of either their tone or their object. Dr. Baumlein, an old resident of Galveston, died on the 4th inst. . The News says that the whole face of the coun- try of Texas is rapidly improving, and villages are springing up in what was a wilderness a few years ago. A salute of thirty guns was fired at Galveston on receipt of the news that the treaty of peace had been ratified. : A man named Cronkrite was killed by a person named Paxon,at Lagrange,Jast month, under the fol- lowing circumstances:—Cronkrite kept a hotel last winter in Lagrange; Paxton, who is a merchant und was one of his boarders, became, it is said, ex- cessively fond of Cronkrite's wife, in consequence of which Cronkrite parted from her a short tim since, and went off. His recent appearance at La- grange was to obtain revenge, making threas against Paxton’s life. It was under these cirenm- stances Paxton sought a private opportunity and shot him. Paxton gave himself up, was taken into custody, and discharged by the examining court. H. W. Wagner has been appointed by His Ex- cellency the Governor, to translate the Constitu- tion, and @ selection of the general laws of the State into the German language, for the purpose of publication. Western Texas continues very healthy. ae | of every kind very fine—though a good rain would be of material service to the fate Dandiogs of corn. Capt. Conner returned to Gulveston on Wednes- day last, having, under the direction of the Gover- ner, followed the party of Comanches who re- cently visited this city under the chief Santa Anna, to their main camp on the Salado, and from thence above the line of posts. Capt. C., agreeably to his excellency’s instructions, visited all the settle- ments near which the Indians passed, and found that with the exception. of the petty pilfering com- mitted about some of the farm-houses, that no depredation had been committed, From appear- ances at their main encampment, it 1s judged there were at least 700 Indians in all, having with them near 1000 head of horses. The ostensible object of their visit was, as stated in our last, to pursue and kill buffalo, large herds of which are said to be much lower down the country than is usual at this season of the year; but what might have been the result had the Indians been allowed to remain below the line and in the neighborhood of the set- tlements, 1s hard to tell. The governor, we think, acted with great prudence in promptly ordering them back; and judging from the alacrity with which they ‘pulled up stakes,” after his excel- lency intimated to them that, an escort would be furnished to conduct them safe to their own range, itis not likely that the settlements will be honored with another visit from the big chief and his party again. ‘The following is a list of the ranging companies, their stations, and the captains in command on the frontier of Texas:—Captain Fitzhugh’s com- pany on the east fork of Trinity, with a detach- ment 30 miles above, near Red river. Captain Johnson’s company, west fork of ‘Trinity, detach- ment 30 miles below on Chambers’ Creek. Captain Conner’s company on the Navasoto, between the Brazos and Trinity. Captain Ross, at Waco Vil- lage, detachment on the Leon, 30 miles distant. Captain McCulloch, Hamilton's Valley, 60 miles north of Austin. Captain Highsmith’s company, on a fork of the Sandy, 18 miles trom Fredericks- burg, near the “Enchanted Rock.” Captain Crump, on the Medina, 20 miles south of San An- | tonio. Captain Gillett, on Aroyo Saco, 60 miles | | southwest of San Antonio. Captain Veatch, on | | the Rio Grande, above the Presidio crossing | Captain Lamar, at Laredo, on the Rio Grande Captain Sutton, near San Patricio, on the Nueces; detachment at Corpus Christi, (From the Galveston News.) ears and a half since we travelled the | country from Seguin to New Braunfels, San An- | tonio, and other interior towns, There was not then a single settler on the Cibolo, nor could one be found on the whole route from San Antonio to | New Braunfels, nor from the latter place to Aus- tin, A gentleman just from New Braunfels, where he has resided ever since that town was built, in- forme us that all this country is now scattered over Two ing to get married ever look’d finer than the Two Pol- lies—and that four-pounder kept it up from daylight to dark, till some folks began to think Cupt. Bragg’s bat- tery was on board -and tho’ I don’t like to say it, yet 1 must say it was the first | ever know’d Capt, Jumper to show that he took a leetle something rtronger that Mis- sissippi water, I thought it best to mention this, be- cause the Captain has got a notion that I was a leetle so myself. and this ts the only way I can account for his mistake—however, its ail right now, and if folks make any bother about it, it may be weil to tell them that Capt. Jumper makes it a pint wherever he goes, to mix his New England with the water of the country— he calls it his Union drink, and | must say that a leetle New England in @ glass of Mississippi water does nary one on ‘emany harm—an what they may about it, I never know’d the time yet that when you put ever #0 little rale New England into any water of any river in the Union, no matter how far West or how far South it runs, that you don’t find it somehow alters the taste of the water and in a little while folks can’t tell the dif- ference betwixt the Mississippi and the Penobscot—and if that aint union, I don’t know what is. Yesterday we had our ratifieation meetin’, and it lasted putty much ail day—part of the time on shore, but mosteof the time on board the Two Pollies, The {Gineral came on board by appintment at 12 o'clock, to pay his respects to mo and Captain J it was the first time he was on the deck of the ‘Two Pollies—and when Captain Jumper took him by the hand, and attempted to begin the address that he ond Leet up putty nigh all night riting out, the Captain’s heart was so full he blubberd right out like a child— and yet he warn’t frightend a bit—for if fifty Gineral ‘Taylors had attempted to come on board as enemies, 1 do raly believe Captain Jumper would ben willing to try his hand alone in fiting ‘em off; but there he stood, shaking the Gineral’s hand, and trying to get start in the address, but could not; and then | tried it—but it was no use. I never saw Captain Jumper melted down before—and that made me feel so wamble- crapt I could not saya word, And then the Gineral, he tried his hand at our answer ; but he was about as bad off a8 both on us. He look’d up—and then he raw the old stripes and stars, and E Pluribus Unum waving at the mast-head—then he looked at me and then at Captain Jumper—snd then looked round about at the ‘Two Pollies—and it was too much for any livin mortal to say auything—and if he had tried it no one could hear him, for there was more than twenty steamboats all round, some bound down and some bound up the river, but all having heard of the ratification meeting, had stopt alongside the ‘I'wo Pollies—lettin off steam— and crowds of folks humming jist as if good times had come and never could git crooked agin—so there was no use to try any addresses. Bat Captain Jumper's address is all written out, and is just as good as if he had delivered it—and the Gineral told me he had his answer all written down, too, and would give me # copy on’t. I will send you both in my next. ‘The Two Pollies will remain here till the Gineral is ready to begin the grand tower. The plan is as | told you in my last to go up the Mississippi, and enter the Illinois river and go up that till we reach the new canal that goes to Chicago—that glorious enterprise puts the T'wo Pollies in Lake Michigan, and then she can go putty much all over the Western creation— and after that come down the Erie canal to the Hud- son river, or pass down by Niagara Falls through the Canada Canals and #0 on te Quebec, and then to Salt water, and so along shore all along down East looking in at most places coastwise tli we get to the of Mexico, and up the Misrissippi again till we reach this place—and if that wont be a tower that will make internal enterprise folks feel pleased | dont know what will, Capt. Juinper ix desperately tickled atthe notion of making Gineral Cass a visit at De- troit. and thinks Gen, Cass will be much pleased to find tht, in spite of constitutional scruples. The two Poilies can make this trip by the aid of internal enter- prize—but the captain's wonder is what on airth there isin the conststution that prohibits the ntion from aiding the people in their enterprize in opening chan- nels of communication—<o that the two Pollies could go pretty much everywhere and visit all leading pints of the Union, for this could be done with less expense (han the war with Mexico will cost. and quite as con- stitutional too—but the captain will talk this matter over on the way, aad when we get to Detroit, Gen, ‘as# will be able to tell him what the constitution is about such matters,— and why it is that along the shores of those mighty lakes, there is not as much constitu- tional right to make harbors for our own folks, as for all creation along our s.lt water coast—all these mat- the captain is considerably puzsied about—and since he has taken the notion to make this intarnal voyage he has been stud. the coustitution pute: considerable and ean find out yet why it is that this everlasting big country can’t have as much care taken of its intarnal as its extarnal interest—tor the captain has @ notion if this country is rightly dug out —so that all ewnds on’t can be brought into communi- cation—it will come nigher E Pluribus Unum than all hes in Congress ean bring it. ‘The © Two Pollies” is in good trim—and tight as a new barn—Captain Jumper in capital pluck, and it seems to me if all our folks want to see geod times they will keep an eye to our log-book and set their watches by our time—and if we don’t make nuthing of demi- gogues and rascally party folks before this tower ends, my name aint J. DOWNING, Mason, &e. ke. Sm Canat Across Frorrpa.—The_ beautiful project of constructing a canal across Florida, is suid to be impracticable. Gen, Bernard and Major Poussin, then in the service of the United States, undertook the survey in 1826, and made their de- tailed report in 1829, from which they _ conclude that there being no port on the coast of Florida, on the side of the Gulf of Mexico, into which vessels drawing more than eight feet of water can enter, and the ridge of Florida having an average height of one hundred and twenty feet, and there being no means of supplying water at the summit level, a ship canal aeross Florida is impracticable.—. | with small, but flourishing and prosperous farms. O. Crescent, June Ath,