The New York Herald Newspaper, May 8, 1848, Page 4

SS ; : | | NEW YORK HERALD. North-West Corner of Fulton and Nassau sts. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR very day, (Suxday ineluded,) two cents ry Niturday—6\ cents per copy— 3.12, per annum—in the United States. European subscr Ber Jeep to include the postage ian edition (in the French Gnd Englisttpapuages), will be published on every Buropean steam packet day, wh intelligence from all parts of this con- finent, to the atest moment “ADUERTISEMEN TS (renewed ever ymorning) at reasonable prices ; to be written in a plain, legible manner ; the proprictor not respousible for errors in manuse ipl PRINTING of all kinds executed beautifully and with des- iteh. Orders recewed at the Publication Office, corner of Filton and Nassau streets ALL LETTERS by mail, for subscriptions, or with adver- tisements, to be post paid, or the postage will be deducted from 1h money remilte VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing important news, ¥ ted from arter of the world—and u a ~ eee fof the world—and Af used will Ps a E can taken of anonymot ications. Whatever ie intended for insertion must be authenticated bv the name and address of the writer; not necessarily for publi- Gaggon, but as a guaranty of his good faith, We cannot wnder- take to return reverted communications. ALL PAYMENTS to be made in advance. pAMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Jacon Lxisien—Lapy oF tHE Lions. CHATHAM THEATRE, Chatham street—-Truspersn’s Davowren—Srmir or THE WaTERS—New York As It 19— Nix rue Camman, MECHANICS’ HALL, Broadway, near Broome—Cunisty’s Mexeraxis—Erworean Sivcive—BuRiesgue DaNcinG, &e. PANORAMA HALL, Broadway, near HoustonBanvarp’ PANAROMA OF THE MississiPPt. MELODEON, Bowery—Ermiorray axp BALLap Sinarva. PALMO'S OPERA HOUSE, Chambers street—Innvsraare Prorursa, SOCIETY LIBRARY, Broadway—Mr. Arthurson's Somer Muscatr. PATE! N, J. ODD FELLOW’S HALL—Grann Somer Musicane == a New York, Monday, May 8, 1848. Ew ‘The Cireulation of the Herald. April 80, Sunday. Sigs 6 . 18,480 copies. May 1, Monday. . 888 * 2) Tuesday. 3, Wednesday 4, Thuraday jaturday a" Weekly. Aggregate inmue Inst week. . May 7, Sunday, Daily. ............ 14,400 copies. Tho publication of the Herald commenced on Sun- day morning at 25 minutes past 4 o’clock, and finished at 15 minutes before 8 o'clock. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA AT BOSTON. ONE WEEK LATER NEWS FROM EUROPE. THE STEAMSHIP HERMAN. The city was thrown into a state of great com- motion yesterday morning, by the announcement that the steamship Britannia had arrived at Boston, with one week’s later intelligence from Europe. The telegraph reported that the Britannia was coming up the harbor of Boston at half past 11 o’clock in the morning ; that after that hour, in con- sequence ‘of the electricity in the atmosphere, or something else, the wires refused to operate, ex- cept in incomprehensible flashes from Bridgeport, Hartford, New Haven, Springfield, and from heaven, untilhalf past3 o’clock in the afternoon, when it was ascertained that the steamer reached the city about one o’clock. After that time, the lightning from heaven took entire control of the wires, and the thunder storms of the afternoon could be traced all along the line of telegraph in flashes, that wrote in words unknown to any human being. To the hour of going to press, no news reached us. The probability is, that our parcels will reach us early this morning by a special messenger or go- vernment express; the latter was understood to have been arranged to bring the steamer’s mails. It is supposed to have left Boston about four o’clock yes- terday afternoon. An Extra Herald, with the news, will be pub- lished in one hour after it is received at this office. The Hermann is due here ; she may arrive at any moment. Tur Treaty Again— HER SECRET OF THE ApainisTraTION Ler Ovr.—Our readers will per- ceive by the accounts from Mexico, that according to all appearances, and the opinions of the best in- formed political men throughout Mexico generally, there is scarcely the shadow of a probability that the famous—we might almost say the notorious— Trist treaty, which Mr. Polk so eagerly snatched up, and the Senate so hastily passed, will be ac- cepted or ratified by the Mexicans, This was our opinion from the first, and we ex- pressed as much. We earnestly desired peace, in common with every friend of humanity ; but we saw no legitimate government in existence with which to make peace, and no legitimate treaty or treaty-maker in the document sent into the Senate. The plain truth is, that the only de facto govern- ment now in Mexico is the government of the American army. The power is in its hands; and at all times, in all countries, where the power is, there is, de facto, the government. But what a ter- rible dilemma is this in which we are! We anx- iously desire pea d it flees far from us. What Ther isto be done? e being no further hopes of peace, we have a choice out of the two categories, expressed in the two simple words, retreat and occu- pation. But will any prudent statesman recommend that we should entirely withdraw our army ?7—that we should leave the country to be torn to pieces by contending factions—leave it, perhaps, to full, un- der the power of some military chieftain, and our- selves to be laughed at and insulted for having **come, seen, and conquered,” and then run off again, and left them, without obtaining any of the things we demanded —nothing in the shape of indemnity for the past, or of security for the fu- ture? It seems, then, that, by the necessity of circumstances, we must retain possession of all Mexico. If, then, this is—as evidently it is—the only alter- native and our wisest policy, it would be well to lose no further time, but to proceed to put down every remains of the Mexican military, to organize the country throughout all its departments, to pro~ mote commerce, tranquillity, and security of life and property, to develope the resources of the country of all kinds, to gather in the revenues to pay for all our expenses, not only present but past, and to pay therewith the claims and debt due to us, and to hold the country for the people till all this is accomplished and they ure ready to take it back into their own hands, having become wise enough by experience at length to be able to govern themselves. We have every reason to believe our govern: ment will pursue neither of these alternatives retreat or occupation. We beli Mr. Polk tobe, (when it is asc d that all hopes of peace are at an end,) to take up with half of these two things—that is, to decide neither upon retreat nor upon occupation, but upon a half-retreat and a half-occupation. That is, he will withdraw the army partially within certain limits, and not occupy the whole temporarily to ac- complish definite purposes, but seize upon certain territories, viz: those specified in the treaty for a permanent possession. He will leave the Mexi- eins all the rest of their country, as an arena wherein to fight ainong themsely or to organize the means to prepare for another war, and to fight is, , we believe, the secret of the cabinet, and the policy intended to be pursued, and it will be calle, the intention of d by them acting upon the treaty of peace, and treating it as ratified and in fo: But this will be bad policy. It will have the appearance of force, robbery and spoliation; whereas a temporary r ion of the whole country, and a sequestra- tion of all its revenues, until we are paid in falland the brought to their senses—and then, it may beatter a hundred years—a surrender to them of all their country without the forced abstraction of an acre, would be conduct which no one could sonably complain of, and whieh the whole world, including Mexico herself, would applaud. TreB: oe or New York.—This is the amr of a flew party, originating among thedemo- cracy of New York, and promising, from the posi. tion of the country and the prospects ahead, to be- come as important and powerful. in future evente as | the famous locefoco party was in a former age in Tammany Hall. One of the principal leaders and originators of this party, is John Van Buren, whose eloquence, wit and talent, have been reverberated from the farthest ends of the Union. According to present appearances they will play an important part in the ensuing Presidential election. In a couple of weeks the democratic convention will meet at Baltimore. The barnburners will knock at the door of that convention foradmission. According to present appearances and prospects, the influence of the hunkers of New York and of the nullifiers of the South, will prevent the entrance of theirdelegates. On their rejection from that body, they will accordingly organise themselves into an independent democratic party,and will proceed to is- sue a splendid address to the United States, and pro- bably nominate the'same distinguished man who re- ceived the first fruits of their efforts at the recent convention in this State—we mean General Taylor. The recent letters fromGeneral Taylor are consider- ed to be democratically good enough for any reason- able democratic convention. It is true, the General calls himself a whig, but not an ultra one; but as the General’s notions and language are,in these matters, probably those of his early years, when the term whig was used in contradistinction to that of tory, General Taylor may be considered a democrat of the old Jeffersonian stamp—and even a better one than many of those who support the Baltimore convention, and adhere to the creed of that party. At all events, if the barnburnersin the convention at Baltimore, after being kicked out of the regular convention, should nominate General Taylor, he will be their candidate at once, according to his own letters; for he expressly says that he will take anomination from any party, and will not give up the ship to Henry Clay, or any other great man. If such should be the case—and the prospect is very fair, the whigs at their convention in June must either follow the trump card of the barnburn- ers, and nominate Gen. Taylor, or, in the present condition of the country, submit to an overwhelm- ing defeat of their candidate. If the whig conven- tion should drop all their other candidates and put forward Gen. Taylor, the additional nomina- tion by the barnburners would sweep the Union, and produce an entire revolution in parties throughout the United States. No doubt would exist of the overwhelming triumph of General Taylor against all others. If the whigs do not see this policy in nominating Gen. Taylor, under such circumstances, then the three candidates may go into the House of Representatives; and in the exist ing situation of that body, we would not be surpris- ed to see Gen. Taylor have a better chance than any other candidate. Thus stand political affairs at this moment. We are on the eve of a great re- volution of parties in this country, beyond doubt, and we shall endeavor to give strength and momen- tum to it, as much as we possibly can. We hope and trust that the barnburners may be able to con- stitute our provisional goverment for the over- throw of the two corrupt and unmitigated rascally old factions of whigs and locofocos. It is time to overthrow these two despotisms, which have wield- ed the political power and monopolised the spoils of the country for the last twenty years. Potrricat Erymorogy.—Though our readers in this State are no doubt perfectly familiar with the origin and meaning of the two party denominations which have lately sprung up among us, we are convinced by observation, that in the other States people are generally at a loss what to understand by these new party names. We propose, therefore, to make them at once understood and familiar, by giving the supposed etymology of the two denomi- nations. The democratic party in this State is divided into two divisions, one of which is called hunkers, the other barnburners. The political division which has taken place has originated from a dif- ference of opinion upon a very great and important principle. The hunkers maintain the principle common to southern politicians, viz.: that ‘Con- gress has no nght to exclude slavery from terri- tories where it does not exist;” while, on the other hand, the barnburners assert as the principle of their political creed, that Congress has the perfect and undoubted right to exclude the said institution from all new territories where it has not, hitherto, been implanted, and where it does not now exist. We published, the other day, the address of the barnburners, containing an exposition of their views, and shall be ready to do the same for the hunkers, when their political manifesto reaches us. In the mean time, we give the supposed etymology of the two names which seem now to have been adopted definitively by the public, m speaking of the two parties. The name “hunker” is supposed to be derived from a vulgar word, in common use in some place: as “ahunk.” Thus, it is often said of any one, “he has got a good hunk of bread,” “he has eaten a good hunk of meat.” Hence the op- ponents of the hunkers are supposed to have given them this name because, belonging to Mr. Polk’s party, they manage to obtain a good “hunk” of treasury loaves, and also a large hunk of fishes from the same fountain. In other words, they are the men who share the spoils and mo- nopolise to themselves the whole “hunk” of all the good things dispensed from the treasury. Hence the origin, as it is supposed, of the word “hunkers.” On the other hand, the “ barnburners” are sup- posed to derive their name from the following fact : Having made a split from the treasury party, and forsaken the barn, or granary, which gave out a share of its sweets to all the party, they manifest a disposition to destroy the party, and burn the very barn over their heads, rather than to give up quietly the principle they have adopted, and make conces- sions which would keep the party together, and enable them to maintain possession of the “barn,” or public spoils. Their obstinacy in refusing to give up their obnoxious principle, by endangering the party, threatens to destroy and burn up the barn out of which the party has hitherto derived such rich and fattening food. Hence their opponents call them the ‘barnburners,” on account of the muss they have raised in the barn, and their threat to burn it over the heads of all, rather than yield their point. However, it is possible that Mr. Polk may succeed in healing this breach in his party; probably by letting the rats into the barn, and giving them good quarters. If he does not, there will be a revolution. GexeraL TayLor—Tur Secret or rie Recent Drc.ive or wis Cause.—The victory which the de- mocrats have just obtained in the State elections in New Hampshire and Virginia, and also in St. Louis in the election of the municipal officers of that city, is rendered both signal and remarkable by the extraordinary efforts made by the party op. posed to them, who fought under the name and banner of General Taylor. These events deserve, perhaps, more attention than would otherwise be due to a mere municipal election, from the fact that it has tended more fully to develope the causes of the sudden fall and de- clension of the cause of General Taylor, at first so promising and flourishing. The whole secret of the transition of the people from the highest enthusiasm for the hero of Buena Vista, to a state of apathy and unconcern, is to be found in this, that the “na- tives,” a party looked upon with suspicion and ab- horrence by every patriot American throughout the Union, have, everywhere, upon every Taylor move, ment, fastened themselves upon the skirts of the General, and thus have dragged him down with themselves into the pit of political perdition. ‘The: were the chain-drag upon the wheels which clogged the movements of the Taylor cause at St, Louis, and inflicted defeat upon it. The barnburn- ers will put Taylor on his legs again. Mr. Pork axp ws Intrigves.—Mr. Ritchie de. ies that Mr. Polk is intrigning for a renomination for the presidency. Perhaps Mr. Polk himself makes no personal efforts—has taken no personal measures for the consummation of such an object. We admit thus far, but no farther. But President Polk has a number of individuals around him—a species of atmosphere in which he breathes—andal- so different cliques in the various States, connected with public office, all of whom are anxious for his renomination and re-election, in order that they may be continued in office, and be enabled to feed a little longer at the public crib. Can Mr. Ritchie deny the general truth of these efforts, made by his personal adherents, and those that will bs made at the meeting of the convention? We doubt it. When Mr. Ritchie favors us with a reply to this question, we wish also that he will solve another difficulty which has laid before him for some daye, but which has not been noticed yet. We allude to the leak through which the Trist correspondence connected with the recent treaty with Mexico came before the public. Mr. Simonton, the reporter of the Union, made his affidavit that the correspon- dence which he offered us for two hundred dollars first, and for three hundred dollars afterwards, and on our refusal sold it to the Journal of Commerce for about one hundred—we say Mr. Simonton has declared on oath, that he did not receive a copy of these letters from the Union office, or from any other official quarter involving a breach of confi- dence. Now it is well known that Mr. Buchanan has made the same statement to the Senate, in pri- vate—it is well known too, that every Senator has declared himself innocent of divulging that corres- pondence, We are left, therefore, in this dilemma, to recur to the only source from which it could be procured, and that is the White House itself. We, therefore, ask Mr. Ritchie to inquire, and say whe- ther Mr. Polk, or Mr. Polk’s private secretary, did not furnish the original copy of the Trist corres- pondence, from which Mr. Simonton got it, and sold it to the New York journal? We think it would be prudent in Mr. Ritchie to answer this question fairly and candidly, in order to prevent further revelations in the matter—revelations which we may have the means of making, beyond his ken or knowledge. Surr ror Damages Against THE Unrrep SraTEs Senare.—We understand that Mr. Nugent, the correspondent of the New York Herald, has been. advised in some quarter, to bring a suit against the United States Senate, for damages, in consequence of the illegal incarceration which he has suffered at their hands. We hope this advice will be fol- lowed. Believing that the course of the Senate in that proceeding was unconstitutional—a gross vio- lation of personal rights, and an atrocious prece- dent, which ought to be set aside at once—we think we shall advise Mr. Nugent by all means to com- mence his action in the regular way in the United States courts, against the Senate, for a violation of personal liberty in that ridiculous investigation. The idea of reviving in these days of liberty and equality, the absurd and atrocious practices which existed in the Star Chamber of England, is a thing so unheard of, and so extraordinary, that it ought not to be permitted to pass away silently, but should be brought before the highest legal authorities of the country, so that the public voice, as well as the law, may be ascertained on the subject. The miserable intrigue in which the investigation originated, was contemptible in itself, springing simply from a de- sire in the breast of the President to make a case for the dismissal of the Secretary of State. He, by the influence of his office, induced « number of the members of the Senate to forget the consti- tution, forget the law, and forget justice, in order to gratify spleen and malice against a secretary, at the sacrifice of an unobtrusive correspondent of a distant newspaper. The atrocity of this conduct, and the motive, should not be allowed to be for- gotten, nor shall they be forgotten if we can help it. We hope, therefore, that Mr. Nugent will com- mence his suit for damages, for the violation of the constitution in imprisoning him. Senator Foote anp THE Newsrarers.—Mr. Foote, one of the members of the United States Senate from the State of Mississippi, is certainly in a fair way to become a great man and a great states- man. In a certain portion of the press throughout the country, we observe the most prodigious efforts making to abuse, vilify, and distort the efforts and speeches which he makes in Congress. Some of those abusive articles are most amusingly absurd and interestingly malicious; but the fact of such articles being directed against a new Senator, is proof conclusive that he must have some talent. Now Mr. Foote, in the exuberance of his imagina- tion and wit, may not be strictly to the taste of the dandy politicians, or the John Donkey literateurs, but he is in a fair way to bring out all the better traits of his intellectual character, and to improve his mind as he goes along. Let Mr. Foote take things coolly, pursue his own course, pay no atten- tion to his enemies and slanderers, look ahead with a determined spirit, and there is nothing that can prevent him from standing among the first Senators of the land, and that, too, in a short time. Croswett axp THE Barnpurners.—Mr. Edwin Croswell, of Albany, still continues his fierce hos- ty to the barnburners—a species of hostility that, without Brandreth’s pills every morning, would make him a subject for a lunatic asylum. He is not only awfully severe on John Van Buren, but he even indulges in some very uncourteous epithets towards one of the reporters of the Herald, and by implication, towards the Herald itself. Now this is very ungrateful in Mr. Edwin Cros- well. In his various conflicts with that philosopher, ‘Thurlow Weed, we have generally taken the side of the old hunker in opposition to the anti-mason; and now, when we only wish to set before the pub- lie the correct facts in the negotiations going on between Mr. Polk and the barnburners for the vote of New-York, Mr. Croswell loses all sense and sa- gacity, and blows off steam like an old cracked en- gine. Really this is bad policy, and if he do not change his tactics, his plate on the kitchen table may be omitted entirely, should Mr. Polk be re-no- minated. Tne Banat rem Imrroven wy THE FRENCH Revotvtion.—This great revolution seems destin- ed to exercise as great an influence upon industrial and commercial affairs as upon the mere political condition of the people of France and Europe in general. In the United States men have long and justly complained of the unfair and unequal ope- ration of the bank discounting system. By that pernicious system a wealthy speculator is enabled to take up large sums on loan, in order to carry on injurious speculations and operations on a large scale, destructive to the great mass of men engaged in trade, but productive to himself; while at the same time the less wealthy and industrious man is un- able to obtain the smallest loan to carry on a use- ful and productive business, giving employment to many persons. Against this evil the provisional government of France, with that energy, justice, and prudence which have marked all their acts hitherto, in the most surprising manner, have taken the following measures. They have ordered the establishment of a guaranty bank, in every place where there is a bank of discount The business of this bank is to procure for small traders and_agriculturists the necessary endorsements, by which they may ob- tain accommodation at the banks, as well as the great dealers, who have many to back them, and who back one another. Any one who has goods, securities, warrants, &c., or any kind of property, may, on the security of this property, receive en- dorsements from the guaranty bank, so as to enable him to get his bill diseounted. ‘This is one step made in the march of improve- ment, will, no doubt, soon be followed by others, more effective and important, in proportion as these things become better understood. ‘This example of liberal France will, we doubt not, soon be followed in liberal America. The voice of the people will demand it, and will have it, —e ts ae ee eee ee ee a ; PIRST. Day. #3 Anniversary of the New York Bible Society at the Tabernacle, Broadway. : The annual sermon on the occasion of the anniver- Sary of the above society, was preached last evening at the Tabernacle, by Dr. Addison Alexander, of Prince- ton, New Jersey, Notwithstanding the terrific storm of thunder, and lightning, and rain, which fell upon the city at the preciso time appointed for the meeting, the great space of the Tabernacle was filled by a numerous audience. The preacher selected for the text of his remarks, the 9th v. of 2d ch. of 2d Timothy: “ But the word of God is not bound.” In the opening of the sub- ject, he gave a description of tho Apostle Paul, of his former character snd course, and of his situation when this epistle was written. Formerly he had been a perseeutor of the chureh, and had, after consenting to the death of the first martyr, Stephen, engaged in the service of the High Priests to pursue and persecute the Christians, He had “hailed men and women, and committed them to prison;” but now he himself was in prison for that very cause’ which be- fore he had persecuted. But though he was bound, he emphatically declares that “the word of God is not bound.” ‘The preacher then proceeded to point out and illustrate the lessons to be learned from the above state of facts. ‘The first idea suggested is, that his own captivity did not put an end to his labors und exertions in preaching the gospel. He taught in his captivity at Rome, in his own hired house; he wrote this and other epistles, teaching,,instructing, building up and confirm- ing the churches wherever they had been planted. Another lesson, the preacher observed, is to be drawn. from this example, which gives in itself a severe if we imagine when difficulties from 4 dispened from the obligation of car- rying on any further our exertions. When we cannot do every thing, we are too apt to think that we need do nothing, and are ready to abandon the work. There is, observed the preacher, more of pride than humility in this sentiment. It was not thus that Paul thought and acted. Here the preacher adverted to the great success of the exploits of men in the world, who often achieve the highest deeds under the greatest discour- agement—in illustration of which he referred to the succcess of the heroes of American independence, des- titute as they were of resources, over their well equipped, weil supplied and woll supported foes and opponents. A great lesson, again, to be learned from thissubject is, not to imagine that all depends upon our own personal exertions.— If, observed the preacher, Paul, with all his apostolic dig- nity, had hopes, and declared that “the Word was not bound,” though he was—if even he, in such circum- stances, did not imagine that the success of this “word” depended upon the success of his own exertions and the effort of ‘own personal agency, how are we to think that its success depends upon our labors and upon our personal agency and efforts? This example, therefore, is enough to shame us out of our reliance upon human efforts and agency. We should not, there- fore, deem that all depends upon ourselves, and in this spirit be ready to frown upon the efforts of our neighbors, as if they were an encroachment upon us, This selfish emulation ought to be banished from our breasts. We may, however, deceive ourselves by saying that we do not put reliance upon our own personal agency, and yet it may be that we trust in our party, our plans, our friends, or our so- ciety. This is only a transfer of the mind from one idolatry to another, and is opposed to the true faith, which excludes all dependence upon human power. Another lesson of instruction is to be drawn from the text, if we fathom it deeper—and that is, that truth | itself is a living element, which prevails and pervades everywhere, and is not fettered or bound by any chains, nor impeded in its course eventually by any human power or opposition. Hero the preacher re- ferred to the discoveries and improvements made in the various arts and solences—in steam and electrici- ty, and proceeded to argue that there are no its to truth; it is not bound, and it will burst forth, and shine with a power and light of which men have no conception. He then proceeded to urge, that it is not to be despised, wherever it may be, and in howsoever smalla measure. Eyen in the systems and of infidelity, there is often some truth; but it is an adaptation of the truth contained in the Bible, which, after having borrowed the light from it, they re- ject and cast aside. All these considerations forbid us todespair, “The word is not bound.” We need not tremble for its safety; it will take care of itself. Like the clements of fire and water, though they may be absent from one spot, they are abundant tn others, It is a powerful principle, pervading every where, and though we may, not be able to mea- sure and ascertain its action, yet it cannot be denied. It has acted powerfully and beneficially on the world, on nations, on governments, on arty and sciences. Great have beon the influences of Christianity, though they may not have been understood, recognised or appreciated. Nations, and governments, and rulers who have affected to despise ‘it, have often boon saved struction by its secret pervading principle It is conservative and antiseptic in. society. Therefore, we may see by all t the “word is not bound,” but ity in- \d power extends where we little think it does. ‘Therefore let us send the preacher. In conclusion. let us flood the world with the pure and unadulterated word of God; let us saturate the earth with it, and spread it everywhere abroad. Let us disperse it abroad like wa- ter, and, though like it, some may mix and adulterate it with deleterious mixtures, ax they do water, yet it ins and will do good, for “it is not bound,” but will have its course, and run prosperously, and be glo- rified, “ till the knowledge of God shall cover the earth as the waters cover the sea.” ‘The préacher having concluded his learned discourse, then sat down, whereupon the services of the evening were continued by a prayer from one of the clergy pre- tent, a collection was made, then singing by « nume- rous choir, to the sound of the loud toned organ, after which the meeting dispersed. Anniversary of the hs 2 Evangelical So. clety. ‘The anniversary sermon of this society was delivered last night at the Mercer street Church, by the Rev. Dr. Adams, of the Central Presbyterian Church. The eve- ning was stormy, but a large audience were in atten- dance on the occasion. After the usual ceremonies were performed, the Rev. Dr. Adams rose and announced his text from the 2d Epistle of St. Paul to the Theaalonians, 3d chapter, Int and 2d verses. “ Finally, brethren, pray for us that the word of the Lord may have free course and be glo- rifled,” &e., ke. ‘The principal subject of the discourse was upon the native claims of and progress of religion. The Epistle was directed to the people of Thesalonica, that they might have the prayers of that people for deliverance from the strong hold of the enemy of the church of Christ. The Engiish had been peculiarly favored in the dissemination of the doctrines of the Gospel, from the fact that the Bible had been put into their hands by royal direction, and through them and their colo- ples the Bible had been more fully distributed than by any other people of the world. Tn some countries where papacy had long had the supremacy in the royal favor, infidelity had successful- ly raised its head, and though Napoleou, when excom- municated by the pontifical order, refused the ma date, he summoned to Paris the papal father, and d clared his own son to be King of Rome. 4, for time, was the power weakened; not a soldier left their barracks but adhered to their Emperor. It was then, in that total disregard of the authority of the Pope, that infidelity sprung up. Not so in the case of Henry VII., King of England. who, when excommuni- cated by the pontiff. presented himself to that dig tary, in Rome, to ask forgiveness. The recent revolu- tion in France was one of the effects of the infidelity owing out of the papal power in that country. ‘There had been answers to prayer, but not in such a way as had been expected. They had looked for the turning of the kingdoms to christianity by some pro- tracted method. and not by the overthrow of monarchs. ‘The standard of protestantism would follow the revo- lutions of the European uations, and the day would come when France would plant christianity in the heart of Africa, and the English Bible would be carried to every quarter of the world. True, there were those in the early days of the reformation who sealed the faith with their blood, such as Cranmer, and many | others, who would not obey_the royal mandate, in the | denial of the faith which they possessed and advocated. ‘They were driven, in many cases, from their homes, because of their adherence to the faith and the Puri- | tans, after having sought a temporary resting place on the shores of Scotland, came to this couutry, where more equal religious libertios wore allowed. He spoke of the English Bible in China, and the Pagan world, whoro the light of protestantisin had al- ready began to shino, and by the power of that work, the fight of christianity would eventually go to the uttermost parts of the earth. Contrasting the re- Fition of the Engitsly kingdom and provinces with the Spanish—in the former, whore Prostestantism wailed, in the latter where the Papal faith was ad- Rered to--the difference might be seen. In Edinburgh the light of Christianity shone pre-eminently, while in Madrid, papal darkness was the inheritance of the people.’ Even in our own country, the comparison could be drawn. St, Augustine, Florida, the oldest town in tho United States, settled under the Spanish authority, was yet far behind in a christain point of view, of the towns of New England ; and what is the city of Mexico compared to New Ydrk. In the one, bigotry and want of intelligence are the predominant features, while in the other, under the influence of the English Bible, the light of prostestatiam. But revolu- tions have taken place, and chistianity will show it- self in thore dark countri In Italy, too, where the Pontifical head ix supreme director, the protestant faith has raised its standard, and that great potentate has, of necessity, granted to iberal laws, and the right to worship has been allowed in the protestant form. That sunny climo, whose skies are most beautiful, has been con- vulsed by revolutions, and from these outbreaks the light of christianity springs up—and it will «pread— the prayer of the faithful will be answered, and the knowledge of the Goxpel be given to all men. No sooner had the recent revolution in France oc- curred, than the intelligent portion of the citizons of Paris assembled themselves together, and from th: assemblage the light of christianity shone forth in tl equal rights proposed to be carried out for the general bonefit of the people. In all the nations of the conti- nent, the spirit of republicunism had been manifested, Rnd the establishment of that principle would ensure the progress of the Gospel as declared and advocated by the Protestant world. He spoke at length upon the claims of Protestantism, but for want of time could not go on with the whole minute of the subject ‘After the sermon, prayer was offered up, and then a 3 collection was taken up, for the purpose of sending funds by the next steamer to France, where they were 40 much needed, and where they would be attended with «uch good resulta in furthering the spread and extension of the Christian Bible, that Protestantiam would have « place in that hitherto (in a Christian point of view) benighted land, ‘The Chureh Essential to the Republic. Theannuel sermon in behalf of the American Home Missionary Socity, was preached last eveuing in Dr, Cox’s chureh, in Brooklym, by the Rev. Edw. N. Kirk, of Boston. “The church ossential to the republic,’” formed the topic, and the text was taken from Mat- thew, Sth chapter, and 13th verse: “ Ye are the salt of the earth,” ke. The reverend gentleman commenced his discourse by stating that God has ordained the State, the family, and the church to be the most im) nt institutions in human society. According to his wise counsels he has given to the chureh its peculiar functions, and a certain degree of importance ; yet men sometimes think that it depends on themselves what this impor- tance or influence should be, {t may be well to remind those who think in this way, that this influence of the church does not depend on ourselves but on the will of the Creator. The ignorance or scepti- cism of men would alter or annihilate this influence, which is a conservative power over man, but they can- not do it ; and it is to illustrate this conservative pow- er ,which’is the object of the present exercise. He then drew a distinetion between the family, the.State and the Church, and said that the first embraces the amallost parts into which the nation is divided ; the republic comprehends all the citizens as fur as relates to their judicial, executive and magisterial functions, and the Christian church is for the purpose of maintain- ing the worship of God, and for extending his kingdom throughout the world.” Many imagine that the found- ers of this republic solved the question of the relation between the Church and State. We have, indeed, in two or three instances. done so. The pilgrim fathers, considered that the Church was not the common- wealth, an argument which has produced disastrous rosults. Our revolutionary fathers chose a dif- ferent course, making the Church and State dif- ferent empires, to occupy the same territories, but not to know each other's existence. The time appears to be approaching when discussion will be necessary to ascertain the foundations and the boundaries of each. In this argument he said he intended to make a com- parlzon of those two organizations, and to remind his earers that the church was founded previously to the State, and that the republic owes its efficiency to Chris tianity. The nature of man has as yet baffled all power of his own research, The speaker then depicted man with religiop and without it, and said that paganism oxalts the individual, but not the xoul, Its objects are det mined by human authority and depend on the acci- dent of birth—for a man born under pagan institu- tions would believe in paganism. In the same way the Papacy exalts the hierarchy, but Christianity places the soul, of man before God, Republics modelled by Chris- tianity, exalt the man, but only in his political rights; but as a political system it does not come be- tween God and him. It protects his property and his liberty, and even watches over his tomb after he is dead; but to the departing it is no light—it offers no word of hope, Some twenty millions of the human race now occupy this domain of ours, and for seventy years our political system has been growing in impor- tance. It is now extending its influence over all Eu- rope, and many of those who were opposed to it are fall- ing, o that, in fact, at the present time, this is the most envied nation in the world. It is natural that the oppressed massos of Europe should look to ours as the best system, and we know that it is favorable to the highest condition of mankind. France is now free, but not hopeful; she is sick at heart. The present condition of our own country, as acknowledged by po- litical men, shows that civil freedom and popular go- vernments are but a negative good. Is there any sel- fish spirit among us? Is there any departure’ from our primitive greatness? Are all our statesmen solicitous to strengthen the State and not to injure it? This is an argument he would not go into further than to show that the republic needs the care of the church for those personal interests of which the State takes no cure. And this brings him to the next point, which is the interests of families. ‘The State will provide against oppression, and government will provide protection for life, liberty, and property; but the State is divided into families, within whose peaceful circles are spent the most interesting portions of life. Whatever elevates them elevates the nation, and we mean to affirm that but from the church the great body of tho families will be able to realize the end of our institutions. Let those who question this, enquire into the trans- planted English families. Nay, more, if you have not the church, the next best thing, it will be sald, is philosophy, infidel, of ‘course because It must come in by banishing the church, which has not stopped short of denouncing christianity. He alludes not to the German philosophy, but that of the English and American philosophers, You may have education without the church, but no school will be religious when religious men cease to control it, as would be the case if the reformers of the present day came into power. Mr. Kirk then referred to the influence of the church on the State itself, and said that no country afforded so strong a confirmation of the good results of christianity as this. ‘The State of Ilinois was barba- rous enough to repudiate her debt; but the very men who voted for taxation to disc it, now control the government of that part of the United States; and the tendency of the country is not downwards, but upwards. The Spanish and ‘the French came and settled here; but what marks have they left behind them? What institutions have they plant- ed here? There are, he said, but two advancing nations in this hemisphere, and they are Teutonic.— Within three-quarters of a century this continent has formed itself into independent nations ; but what has become of Spanish America, or of Spain herself? Where is France, with her three doubtful revolutions? From the day of our first revolution, we have risen to the highest position in the scale of nations, and have been the schoolmaster to the world. Our revolution, in its wonderful character and wonderful results, now shaki the European continent, and will shake it until ever government shall be the defender and not the oppres- ser of its citizens. Mr. Kirk then read from the London Chronicle an article on the excellence of American in- stitutiogg, which has already appeared in the Herald, and also an extract from DeTocqueville’s book on Ameri- ca in praise of our political system. Then, said Mr. Kirk, let the tauntings of older nations cease, They must cease. We have a history ond a past, as well_as othernations. It is to the principles of religion, which guided our forefathers, and not to our military resources, that we owe all the happiness we en- joy a8 a free people, and religion is the secret of our po- litical institutions, We do not owe it to our peculiar form of government, for other nations have copied our institutions and failed. They cannot ascribe their fail- ure to the want of example, for we first. plunged into revolution. We differ in no respect but in the religious character of our fathers, on their first settlement 6 ‘The others are papal countries—we are a protestant cople. The papacy has one great principle in whieh Fe flories, and this ia destruction of Individuality; and it is folly for Roman Catholic countries to attempt self government, She can live under a free government when it has been formed for them by others. It is an- other fact, too, that protestant nations have a higher moral tone than any others; and if effects can be traced to their cause, we can trace our peculiar his- tory to our peculiar religion. Let none point to our institutions, or even to our Washington, and say there is the solution. It is to our religious character we owe to God the effect of our transition from colonial servi- tude to nationalindependence. De Tocqueville, one of the most impartial of travellers, does not doubt it. Persons from foreign countries ask how law here can be so powerful without any physical power; and for an answer we can point them to our habits—we can show them our Sabbaths, which, as the voice of God calls inen weekly to bow down and honor God, the rich man and the poor man meeting together before their com- mon benefactor, all learning the same lessons and trusting to the promises of God’s word. There is not a department of State in which the conservative power of the church is not felt. The influence of the religious preas, the teachings of the sacred wri- tings in the church, and other influences—all those give strength to all, restrain the lust of power, tend to keep the passions of men in check, and thus facilitate the movements of the engine of State. The speaker then spoke of the evils which exist here, and said they must be remedied, and the remedy must be personal and spiritual, There are thousands emigrating to the West, where they have little leisure for reading the word of God, and where much of the preaching is more hurtful than beneficial, Our population is increasing, our territory is increasing. We have got Texas, and we are looking for a part of Mexico, and if you in- crease the arteries of the country, you must also in- crease the heart. There is indication of danger, and it seemed to him that christianity or atheism must be the controlling religion in this country. In conse- p vind of searcity of room, we are obliged to condense the remainder of the gentleman's remarks to a much greater degree than we have the preceding, and con- clude by saying, that Mr. Kirk dilated very forcibly at some length, on the necessity of providing the means of religious instruction in every part of the country. A church must be erected in ev district. He spoke at length on the feasibility of doing it, and the man- ner in which it could be done. Annual Evangelical Anniversaries, The first of these important mectings took place last night, in the Rey. Dr. Pott’s Church, University Place, on the propriety of Foreign Evangelical Missions. On account of the unpropitiousness of the weather, it was matter of regret, that the church was not so numer- ously attended as might have been expected from the im- portance of the subject to be discoursed. Aftor praise and an impressive prayer by the Rev. Dr. Snodgrass, the Rey. Dr. Hodge delivered an eloquent sermon, from the 19th and 20th verses of the 28th chap, of St, Matthe: “Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations,baptising th in the name of the Lord,” &c. &c. In the first point the Rey. Dr. stated, that the above command was one of the most important injunctions of Our Saviour to his disciples while he sojourns m this earth. In adult baptism, persons xo baptised must first profess their faith and Vetiet on the blessed doctrines promul- gated in the word of God, so that after the observance of this ceremonial law or commandment, such individ- uals might then be reckoned symbolically the teachers and disciples of Christ. Many christians held mist: ken views regarding the duties of the Apostles in a mpposing that it was to them that the com- go and teach all nations,” &c. was given; this command was only at firet intrusted to the disciples of Christ, the duties of the re being to watch more Poway peer! over the flock of God and rear up afresh host of spiritual labourers for the vineyard of the Lord, The Dr. next referred to the fallacy of the Roman (: tholic priesthood and their adherents in offering up a crifice instead of praise to tho great Creator, and the ab- surd practice of the priosts in preaching the word of God, to their hearers in an unknown tongue, (at least to most of them.) Contrast this, (anid he) with the forms of instructions in all other christian churches and you will at once sce that there is more heresy within the alo of the Roman Catholic Church, than in any other in the world, In matty parts of Spain nuniberless and striking conversions had taken place but con- version without sound — scriptural — teachings, mid never benefit a nation; this had been truly verified of late in’ that country.— 1 that dhristians ured the means which God had put in their power for the agation of His blessed Word, and that, too, in the nand tangible form nid down in His Gospel of revelation to man. it could not be expected that their labors would ever be blessed in the conversion of the heathen, The Dr. next contrasted the byte state of religious in- struction in Scotland with thet of every cl Unless, therefore, tion in the world, ssl thet Scotland might Doast of its te 5 ‘them ; walt ‘of ite nd strong and a attachment to the cause of Foreign Bible and Mis- This Society met last evening at the Chusch of the Puritans, Union Square. The tremendous thunder storm that raged at the time, and the torrents of rain that fell, kept many away in the evening at 734 o'clock, which hour was fixed for the Society to’ meot,— The Reverend Dr. Lonp, President of Dartmouth College, preached on the occasion, taking his text from the Int verse of the 7th chapter of the Epis- tle of Paul to the Hebrews, He said he proposed to dis- course of the connexion between the Jews and the Christians, As the age rolls on, will any thing occur to draw the Jews and the Christians together? Do the christians make any mistake in their interpretation of the scriptures? Ifthe Christians have not made a mis- take, and the Jews have, for two thousand years, been dering with them, it was hs purpore to ingitire ito the cause of this difference. There was no difference between them in a theological sense of the phrase—no more dif- ference than oceurred between the Jews themselves. The Old and Now Testament did not differ—their prin- ciples were the same, Many persons regarded the Christian in the same position as they regarded the Jew, and ns they did the Jew in regard to the Pagan. ‘Tho Jews, as a nation, to be sure, never understood the true doctrine of the Old Testament; they had no right to adhere to theology as the ground that caused them to differ from the Jews. ‘There is a question between the Jew and the christian as to the divine authority of the New Testament, The mass of nominal Christians have frequently surpassed the Jews in vice—for instance, the spirit of war in Europe, the vices, the intemperance of the Christian people of Europe—and they are not to be found im the classes of those who are to be met in brothels in Euro d the Jews, also, were not to be found in the purlleus, and haunts of vice, in the lange European cities. Many of the Jews are already over- tuking the Christians in their intelligence, and they would soon be found examining the arcana of the christian dispensation, We can ine one other ground the political differonce—not political in the or- dinary sense, but political in that sense, as regards tho question of church and State. Allreligion was of God, government implied law; but state, implied the indi- vidual moral being, sustained by moral law. Its moral law was the law of love. The church was not founded for life, berty, and the pursuit of happiness, that mo- dern fallacy. ‘Tho church was an imperium in imperio. After concluding an.able discourse, a collection was ta- ken up, when, after benediction, the society separated. New Catholic Church, Williamsburgh. This spacious and beautiful edifice was consecrated yesterday, by the Right Reverend Bishop Hughes, in the presence of crowded congregation, several of whom were members of the dissenting churches. The church is a splendid specimen of gothic architecture, designed according to the Tudor gothic order of the th century, and {5 finished with exquisite taste, the interior presenting. a very imposing and grand ap- pearance, and finished in strict conformity with the rule and order which it is designed torepresent. The steeple. immediately over the main entrance, is one hun- dred and fifty feet high from the base to the top of the richly gilt cross which surmounts it. The walls are of strong brick work, and the interior of the building shows that the works have been executed with solidity and strength. The contour is bold, and altogether the exterior of the building will, when finished, it the appearance of a noble structure. The interior is superb- ly finished in the richest style of this imposing descri tlon of architecture ; the windows being beautifully and tastefully fitted up with stained giass of every hue and color in the rainbow, and of chaste design and ex- ecution, #0 as to accord with the general character of the building. From the floor to the dome it measures 60 feet,and from the floor to the base of the dome 45 feet. The altar-piece is magnificently finished, and at either side two windows of stained glass, representing the figures of St. Peter and St. Paul, [ an enlivening appear- ance to this part of the building. Over the aitar, also, is a smaller sized window of stained glass, represent ing the “all seeing eye," which has s very imposing of- fect. The organ fronts the altar at the opposite end of the building; and at either side, and alyo immediately over it, are windows of stained glass. Seven windows of stained glass, which give a very enlivening appear- ance to the interior of the edifice, are also placed at either side, where rows of have been erect- ed, forming a second story—and above these at either side the base of the dome, which is narrowed, top, are also seven other windows, of smaller dimen- nt of stained glass, but of los lively colors. Tho aislo of the church has ranges of pews, and several pil- lars of the same style of architecture support the main part jof the edifice, and the galleries, The general effect is extremely pleasing to the eye, and in point of beauty, correct architectural proportions and general style and execution, this new Catholic Church has been pronounced one of the most superb edifices of the kind in this vicinity. It has been erected mainly through the exertions of the Rev. §. Malone, its or, through whose zeal and activity the church had been commenced a little over s year ago. Bishop Hughes, after performing the ceremony of, conscera- tion, attended high mass in the church, and delivered an appropriate discourse. The singing in the choir was much admired, Altogether, this beautiful church Will be an ornament to the neighborhood in Williams- argh, C5 Joun Donxey Literature.—We give in our columns to-day, a number of extracts from the Sunday newspapers, including, also, John Donkey, and embracing specimens of wit, fun, amusement, drollery, silliness, and. all sorts of things, put to- gether, which may be considered a true sample of the John Donkey literature of this metropolis. There are five or six journals of this description issued in New York, circulating, on the first day of the week, between twenty and thirty thousand news- papers. They do not pretend to be anything but gossiping and amusing sorts of journals, and some- times they are that, in a very interesting degree. The extracts which we give to-day, present a fair specimens of this species of wit. Pork Pivs tne Nintu.—The present Pontiff of Rome is truly an extraordinary man. When the twelve thousand men were about to march to the succor of Lombardy, he was asked for his bene- diction, which he gave as follow: “As Head of the Church, I am at peace with all the universe. As an Italian Prince, I have a right to defend Italy, my country. I bless you, The cause you go to defend is a holy cause; will make it triumph, I bleas you once more. Fight and conquer in the name of the Lord.”” We question if there is any man living who could comprise eo much meaning within so few words. This remarkable speech deserves to be printed in letters of gold and pictures of silver, and hung up in the Pontifical residence, as a guide for the future successors of St. Peter. Yucatan. ‘The particulars we published yesterday in relation to that country, show unquostionably that, asa chris- tian people, we are bound to succor forthwith the thou- sands of women and children flying in every direction from the ruthless barbarity of the savage Indian—many of the women in a complete state of nakedness, owing to the attacks being made on the towns at night. — There is notime for dircussion. The above acts call for immediate action on our part ; but whilst we ex- tend our aid and sympathy to those helploss portions of the Yucatan population, we are at a loss for words to express our indignation and contempt for the males who have brought these calamities on their wives, daughters and children. We shall not indicate the various causes of these misfortunes growing out of the quarrels of the different parties ; the improvidence of their government inevery respect and in all their measures, Why de- clare themselves independent of Mexico, if they had not cot and ability to prevent their own extermination from the Indian? As respects the latter, justice and Philanthropy require us to point out the causes of their rising against their white oppressors ; wo find these causes explained in the very acts of the Yucatan go- vernment. We find, in the Merida papers au act dated Int of April last, containing the following :— ‘Tho insurrection of the Indians is owing to their re- pugnance in paying the capitation tax, and although this tax constitutes the principal source of the revenue of the government, it shall be abolished so soon as the Indians shall terminate thoir insurrection.”” It also appenrs by the same act, that the clergy, not- withstanding their immonse wealth in real estate of every description, were also pald out of that iniquitous contribution exacted from the aborigine, and which Is anew thing to them, springing out of the indepen- dence of the whites, and which the kings of Spain ne- ver imposed on thoso Indians, as appoars by the South American papers before us, If the United States interfere in Yucatan, have not these Indians rights to be redressed? Have the white men of Yucatan any claim on any body for as- sistance? If the women and children were not sacri- ficed, those men should be left to their own efforts for defence. By the letter of Commodore Perry to the department at Washington, published by us yesterday, it will be seon that he states that the inhabitants were about abandoning the strong and fortified place of Campeachy, eurrounded by wails, Such cowards havo no right to claim assistance. A.B. INsaLuprity oF Wasutnoron.—There must be. something radically wrong about the climate of Washington. During the present sossion, some twelvo or fourteen members of Congress have’ died. This alarming fatality calls for investigation, The number of legislators that meet in Washington every winter, is only about double those who congregate in this city; and yet the number of deaths occurring among the for- mer, is three or four hundred per cent greater than the number that happen at our capital, Almost every year adozen or more are added to the quiet population of the Congressional burying ground. There has not beon # single death among our State legislators, howe- ver, for two or three years—the average being one-fifth ofa Sida oo year. This striking difference in the healthiness of the two cities, calls for attention, If the health of our statesmen can be improved some two hundred per cent by just changing the location of the seat of government, it should be done, and that instant. a The proper place for the capitol of the nation, is the city of New York—the headquarters of commerce, business, deviltry, magnetic rk a salt water lt, ng. | bathing.—dltany Knickerbocker,