The New York Herald Newspaper, March 17, 1848, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. Rorth-weat Corner of Fulion and Nassan sts. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIZTOR. — included.) ry Satw a the. Unit ares. to inelude the postege. las inthe English lan- fe day ef the depariure of with intelligen ti advertisements received by s @alignan Vivienne, Paris; PL Simonds, Wnhill, and John Migler, bookseller, Henrietta street, DENTLAL HERALD—Keery Tuesday— One the Cumpaten ‘ISEMENTS (renewed every morning) at ce teasonnhle prices; to be written ima plain, legisle manner. Pic premmetor net rerponsible fer errors in manuscript. PRINTING of ail kinds execute beautifully and with derpuich Orders recewed at the Publication Office, cor ner of snd Nossa streets +a TEKS ty mail for eubscriptions, or with advertisements to be post poid, or the portage will be m_the money remitted UNTARY CORRESPONDENCE. containing ed from any quarter of the worid— ally paid for. TICE canb- taken insertion must be authen- if the writer; nat neces orcnty of his good fai cted communce ated by the mame and a taly for publ cation hut cans ot We w keto ALL PAYMENTS to HeATee REOCK OF CHATHAM THEATRE, Chatham street-—Winntam Trit—\ew War ro Pay Orn Depts. OinOUS—BOWERY AMPAITHSATRE, Bowery— Rqvesratemte a KCHANICS’ HAL tv's MixetReis—t rit Ine, &o. PANORAMA HALL, Bro: Basvano's Fasonama oF BROADWAY ODEON, ‘AY BOWFKY and Cxr—Ga’ , nest Broome=CHais no—Bukirseus Danc- Houston street. Prt dway.—Mopen ARtisTs. CON ERT ROOM, BROAD WAY.—Mopvet Anrists. MIN VA ROOM—Camppen’s Minstasis—E tno INGIN@, Darcive, Ke NTION HALL—S.s.e Baotwens, 2rwioruan Poarine, me PALMO'S OPERA HOUS Axtists New York, Friday, March 17. 1848. Otrcalation of the Daily Herald, yenterday, Aag: dbambers street —Moper erald. + «18.098 copter 187544 & 46449 part 4 o'clook, 3“ te teRto of Average of Datiy. Weekly Publication commenced yertorday at 8 “ Suished at The Presidential C.nvass, ry is get wry rapidly wa into the nes for the nex dency. The recent State election in New Hamp- shire may be considered the first decided gun opening the camp: and loe towards the White House, as far as popular voting is con- cerned. There the democrats, rence to candidates, carried the day by a very large mojority over previous contests. The im- portance of the result pending last week, in New Hampshire, may be estimated from the fect that Senator Houston, from Washington, went down to the Granite State to speak to the people, and to prove that two and two were four. It was an pppropriate mission. Senator Houston was the first man who commenced tha movement for Texan independence, ending in the famous battle of San Jacinto, and ultimately bringing ebout the annexation of Texasto the United States, end the exico, and its termination by the re- cent treaty of peace, now before the country in spite of the locked doors of the Senate. He hes been a pioncer, a Governor, a General and a Pre- sident of an independent State. He went to New Hampshire to talk to the democrats of that mountain region. On the other side, the whigs also deputed one of their great men to meet this distinguished Texan. They posted off, leaving even Mr. Clay in this city without the benefit of his advice— they posted off Mr. Philosopher Greeley, who ig another original genius in his way, as Senator Houston is in his; but somewhat different in mind, in morals, in boots, in breeches, in prin- ciples, and in the success of his ceuse. Senator Houston heretofore mad pose to create a new republi ceeded. Mr. Philosopher tempting, for the Jast few ye state of society, and to introduce into this coun- try the Fourieri etem of civilization, which ends in universal liberty of all kinds, and God knows what. Senator Houston fought his bat- ues, negotiated the annexation, and secom- plished hi at work, and now he reposes on his laurels. Greeley is only in mid career, with his phalanxes—his new order of society—and is now The co and very Presi- it his pur- h he sue- treeley has been at- s, to create anew engaged in the great purpose of setting the whige | on their legs, and electing Mr. Clay, without cheating, probably with a view to bring about the new dispensation in the United States, under ent auspices than the present. The resuit of the labors of these two great men is befere us. & ston was the con- querorat San Jacinto, and has also been con- quered in the political San Jacinto, New Harnp- shire; Santa Anna and Horace Greeley have been both dished. The State of New Hamp- shire is now thoroughly democratic, and acec ing to all eppearances, will bring forward Le Woodbury as one of the most prominent candi- dates for the Presidenc. the Baltimore con. vention. Ia the midst of the conflict of passions and persons in that bedy, we would not be much surprised if Wooc Thos it goes wi y were the man. he demo rate and whigain the East. The whigs and democrata are equally busy im this past of the coustry. In this goo city tiey are tearing each other to piecea—the democrats on the Wilmot proviso—the whigs between Mr. Clay and General Taylor; but here | the friends of Mr. Clay heve entirely the supr macy this city—the one meeting in Military Hall, and the other in Wall street; but both seem to be ut- terly unequal and deficient, when compared with the indomitable courage of philosopher Greeley, with his white hat, short pantaloone, hi cratic boots, and his ultra whig principles, i cluding Fovrierism, with the re-organization of society, the saving of the necks of murderers, aad the punishment of seducers in the State | prison. This is a queer contest, and the result will be | very queer next Novem In fact, thie isa curious world, and how it willend is more than we can tell. Cumana Prax pearl fishery c c spirits of this city. Ha thoroughly acq d tained by good in ely to have a me adventur 1 iselve lalate t wealth to be ol ration of Margarita, ia sm tained the use of Tay! with which they “go deeper and come up the water, they have sub-marine ermor, dryer” other meens, aud will d t ne they cannot ob- rib eeks to see ii unis or so of eeed pearls, w ¢, with afew of larger size, worth a few w pout 200 years ago, from the same local- Miesionany Isr Towa pa- pers, received via Si, Hi need the ar- rival at that piace, of th H. Shailer, with the miesionari Maresh and Rood, with their wives, at that port, December 20th. They left the Ca; bud, for port Natal, on the The Camunrta is in hertwe tieth dey. It is tame she were here. without refe- | There are two wets of Taylor men in | demo- | in the coaster Rose- | Ganmaat Soori's Rervsn to ts Unite Srates ~According to the latest intelligence from Mexico, General Scott has retired from the important post of commander of the army there, and will probably soon be in New Orleans, on his way to Washington and New York. The return of this distinguished military mar, covered with honor and glory, by his splendid campaign from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, will be the signal for movements of allkinds— both of a social and political character—during his progress from New Orleans to Washington, or northward towards this city. To the whole country General Scott will be an object of great interest, as one of the moet brilliant military men ot the age. We donot wish te make any com- parison between him and another distinguished military hero—!he victor of Buena Vista.— Both possess merits of their own sufficient to enable each of them to stand upon his own pedestal, before the people ot the United States. The friends of Gen. Taylor do honor to their hearts and to their feelings, when they indulge in acts and deeds honorable to that distinguished | man. We cannot deny the same thing to the | friends of General Scott ; but his return will | give a new stimulus, and lead to new exertions, witha large class of politicians who wish to | pleee his name before the people, in connection with the Presidency. His return will stimulate | their energies, and lead them to concentrate | their forces, and animate their powers, wherever the seeds of them may xiat. In this State, in Pennsylvania, and in New Jersey, Gen. Scott has a great many friends, who will be ready to act, whenever an opportanity is presented them. The Wall street whigs here ere really for Scott, although they profess, at present, to be for Tay- lor. Ja the meantime, there remains a developement to be made by the Executive and by Congress, upon the subject of the late treaty, and the late events in Mexico, which willbe locked for with great interest by all parties. There is the corres- pondence between Gen. Scott and Mr. Trist; | also, between Gen. Scott and the government, | which, according torumor, has much in it simi- lar to the famous ‘‘soup” correspondence, and upon which those who are opposed to the Gene- rel rely, in order to stop his aspirations to the Presidency. No doubt, all willbe brought out in due time, and will cause, when it appears, & gieat deal ot discussion as to the capacity and pradence of General Scott as an able civilian. We believe, however, there is no ene who will not readilf give him the high:st character for genius and capacity, a military leader and | a military chiefiain. We ought to be careful, | however, in the ardor of political aspirations, | sot to sully tue distinguished military character | of General Seott, by endeavoring to depreciate | his civil qualifications for a high office. How- | ever, we much fearsuch apradent course wiil not be followed by the noisy, ceptieus and re- | lentless politicians belonging to the various par. ties of the day. Tur Ocran Maat Contracts—Tue Steam- suip Unrrep Srates.—In our paper of yesterday we gave a full and accurate report of the trial irip of the splendid steamship United States, which, according to the judgment of those emi- nently well qualified to pronounce an opinion on ner merits, is the best, most complete, strongest | and fastest steamship that ever ploughed the waves of the Atlantic. Her gigantic size, the power of her engines, the improvements in her mode}, which exceed the most sanguine expec- tations of her projectors and builder, and qualify | her to rank us the first steamship in the world, reflect great credit on the American name. She was consiructed at an expense of three hundred thousand dollars, and posseeses what in vain has been attempted by foreign ship builders—the ca- pacity to carry asufliciency of coals for a voy- age to Europe, and facilities for two tier of guns, with abundaace of room to man and ma- nage them, in case she should hereafter at any time be used a8 a vessel of war. With all these advantages, she is besides the fastest vessel of her description afloat. Would it not be advisable for the United Sates government to contract with the owners of thia vessel to carry the mail between this country and Eurape—aay between New York | and Havre? By doing so, they would not only forward the interests of our commercial classes, but could, in time of neccesity, purchase a ves- eel, the equal of which, for war purposes, is not tobe found in the world. She is built of the beet materials, and has engines which, for power end etrength, cannot be surpassed. We have | established mail lines of steamships between Eogland, the West Indies, and Germany. What reason is there that our old friend and ally, | F », should be overlooked? Our rela- | tions with that country are becoming more | intimate every day, politically as well as | commercially, and the ties of friendship which have for so many years existed between the two countries, are being proportionably tightened. The more this state of things 1s en- couraged, the more it will be to the advan- | tage ef the United States. We desire very much | that the government would give their attention | to thie subject, and would be exceedingly pleased if we saw it taking measures to secure this noble vessel. Apart fromthe direct benefit it would be to the country at large,a d the additional | confidence it would give us in security, the en- | terprise and liberality of the gentlemen who | spent their thousands so freely in an experiment, serve to be encouraged. Had she proven a failure, she would be comparatively a dead loss; but as she has proved herself to be the finest steamship inthe world,in every point of view, her | owners ought to resp a little, atleast, ofa return. There can beno question that any of the Euro- pean governmente would readily purchase her; she must not be allowed to change owners; it be secured to the country to which she as of right, and we hope and trust that the government will take immediate measures 'o secure her, and encourage the owners in build- ing more of the same kind, which they purpose doing, if they get a contract for carrying the mails. It has now become a settled fact that no coun- try can sustain its position and dignity, or be | properly guarded against contingencies, without vailing iteelf of the mighty improvements that last few years have produced in the contrue- | tion of ocean steamships, of which we havea Ve men in the United States. We give a full and critical description of the United States under the Marine Head, in this day's paper. ehe x | belon Later rnom Havana.—The bark John Ben- son, Captain Welden, arrived last night from , with files of the Diaro and the Gaceta, to the 3d inst The Spanish frigate Isabel Legunda arrived at ITavana on the 29th ult., having on board the ew Governog-General of the Island, Don Fede- rico Roncali, Count of Aleoy, with his lady and three daughters. His entrance into the city is | aid to have been attended with great pomp and military display,and he was escorted tothe palace mMcnse procession. He was received by | General O'Donnell, late Governor-General, who ed command and retired the same evening. O'D. would sail for Havre ina French ship then in port. The Italian Opera had closed, and the prima donna, Tedesco, was to have sailed tor France The baliet of “Montplaiser” did not succeed; they intended sailing for New Orleans on the Sih insh 4 Pinteaux model artists were drawing great houses; full every night. Lehmen’s ballet corps es at Matanzas. Business was very dall, and the weather cool and plea yan Case ov Mas. Gan. Gates.-Bome time ago apaperin New Orleans made several remarks upon the case of Mrs. Gaines, and the suit lately decided in her fa by the Supreme Court at Washington. These remarks, conceived in @ bad spirit, endeavored to give a false and ridi- culous construction to ths operation of the deci- sion made in her favor. In order, however, to set the matter night we find in the Tribune avery important correspondence between this lady and her counsel, which, with the remarks added by that journal, we present as follows :— {From the Tribune } To set this beyond controversy, #0 far as this meridian is concerned, we reprint from the Dey Book thefollo dence between Mrs. Guimes and Hon. J L. White. Gen. Dowas, referred to im the letter, is the United States Senator for and @ largely inte- rested defendaut in the ease :— City or New Yonx, Mareh 11, 1648. My Dean Sin: ~A mowapaper published im New Or- leans, called the Deits, has aseerted that the cass re- cently decided iu my favor by the Supreme Court of the United States, was a made up sfair between myerif and ant. and settles nothing except in the particular ow, it so happened that the partioular case re- to was an equity suit bro by my husband aod myselfarainst near seveuty defe whom Charles Patterson was one. in which sult several millions of dol- lave’ worth of property was involved—whioh fact sione is sufficient to disprove the charge ef collusion between myself and the defer tof any of them; and if it were not, the farther fact that I have been eugaged in the prosecution of the suit for ney, fifteen years, and ata cost tomy husband and myselfof more than $50,- 000, certainly will dispreve it. We publicly announced our derire to settle on liberal terms with any of tha de fendants who wot We promised Chariss Patterson nothing promised Chief Justice Martin and other defendants — But we challecged all to meet us upon the known prin- es of equity ands: and m: e ible defence in their power. But pO eatery in ing this note to you, is to obtain further testi - When you wure in Washington, in February last, ire- member stating to you that some of the occupantsof the lands te which I am entitled as the heir-at-law of my deceased father, had, since the ion whieh so fully eetabliehed my right to them, declared in #1 xt has sinco fn the Dett t) I iutrodused to (U.S, Senetor from Louisians), chews © s Wefendact to a bill filed by me to assert a claim e subject jon, aod asked him te state to you whether there was any truth in the declaration that the case de- cided in my favor was 6 made up offair, and settled no- thing. Ifyou remember the statement of Gen Downs, will you oblige me by repeating it? Very respeottally, your friend, MYRA CLARK GAINES. J. L. Waite, Eeq , Counselior at Law, City of New York New York, March 11, 1843. Mr Dear Mavam :—Your note is received. In reply | have to say that [remember the substance of General Downe’ statemsnt in answer to your question. After osliieg my attention to the charge made by those whose estetes became yours by the pringiples of the decision in your late cause—that the cauee bad been carried through all its atagea by arrangemeet between you and the de- fendcants, and settled nothing—you appealed to General Downs, as @ man of henor, to state whether such decia- ration was true. | aseured you at the time that your de- nisi was sufficient for me, as it would be to every one at ail acquainted with your character. You persisted, however, im your request to General Dowms, and he de- clared that there wes no truth in the chargo above rf and that the principles of the decision in the case of Gaines ys. Patterson and others, settled your right as, heir-at-law, to the property of which your fa\her died seized, Gen. Downe, I believe, added, that, as de- fendant to your bill, he had litigated in good faith and earnestly, although he bad not permitted a legal coutro- verey at all to interfere with the kind social relations which has always subsisted between you and bimeelf, Such is the eubstance of Gsn Downs’ statement, as I remember it; and I willadd, that my recollection of it would, perhaps, have been more perfeot if | had deemed it necessary to your vindication from the cherge to whioh, from my knowledge of your character, and of many of the facts connected with your eelebrated cause, I gave no particle of credit. Yours truly, J. L. Waite, 14, Wallstrest. par precitely similar to that whtoh baa just been « Mrs, General Gaines. By the decision of the Supreme Court, Mrs. Gaines is apparently entitled to but four-fifths of the estate of Dauiel Clark; but the decision in rea.ity entitles her to the whole of it. Under the old civil law and codes which in Lonieians (and in acoordance with which the Supreme Court of the United States was obliged to deolde thir case), no parent could disiuherit child. Whatever will and testament the parent might wake, the child or children remained entitled to four- fifths of the estate. It is under this law that Mre Gaines is declared by the Supreme Court “the forced heir” of Denicl Clark. But as none of the der the fraudalent will of 1811, have “acce cession,” their claim to it has now expl Gaines’ becomes the inheritor of the enti of her father, lying ia niao different States, and esti- sated, per schedule, six years ago, to be worth thirty three millions of dol'ars They will not, of course, at this time, amount to less, and with all the losses by coste, compromises, &e. the actusi fortune cf Mra. Gaines may safely be set down at this moment at more than $25,000,000 This is all perfectly clear, and quite setisfac- tory, for Mrs. Gaines and her numerous iene. She stands now before the world—and nothitg can deprive her of this character—as one of the most remarkable persons of this remarkable dey. From her youth she has pursued this affair with the energy and genius of a heroine, and has ac- complished it at the meridian of life, with the prospect and hope of many long and happy deys before her. Excepting John Jacob Astor, per- haps, she is now the wealthiest individual in the United States, with a mind trained in the waye of the world, and worthy to be beloved and res- pected by all. We should not be surprised to see Mrs. Gaines and her heroic husband become permanent residents of New Yerk, by the pur- chase or erection of some elegant building in some of our elegant equares. She is now, we believe, about to proceed to New Or- leans, in order to complete the decision which the Supreme Court has beguo, in her favor at Washington. It is said in some querters she has had the offer of twelve or fifteen millions for the decision,saving her all the trouble of carrying out the further public prosecution of her claims, and putting her in possession at once of her claims, and putting her in possession at of an immense fortune. Whether this is cor- rect or not we cannet say; but we should think it the best policy forherto make a com- promise, and get rid of the trouble as soon as possible. Orgying or THe Ssacon.—Sprino Enecrions. —Whuile the democrats are rejoicing over the re- sult of the election in New Hampshire, the whiga are throwing up their caps in joy at their success in the city of Detroit, Michigan, in the following manner: From the Detroit Advertiser. of 1848 in Michigan was commenord yeeterday in thie city; and the result of the firet battle ‘will cheer the hearts of the whigs of the West. Probably re warmly contented Gght than that of yesterday r taken placa in Detroit. The issua was" Cass Cars?“ whig principles or locofoco rule? — edom or the extension of negro bondegs ” In pursusuee of ths cowmands of the leaders of the party, the Free Pr (the official orgar) of yesterday morping, anvounced the trus iesve of the dey’s contest an foilows :--" Democrate ef the olty ! that decides the contest ef your pri vietory over Locofocoism was decisive ; a prages what the friends of liberty can do if they try. The Tol- lowing te the resuit : — Buhl, (anti-Cass) Goodwin, (Cass Whig. Loco. Int Ward, maj... .e. 68 = 94 Ward, * 6.6... 62 = e. # 12 6th Ward, © 6th Ward, * 7th Ward, “ . Whig majority... .. «10: Lest fail the loeofooo mejority in this city wos 298. The result cf yesterday’ contest shows a gaia in favor of republican whig principles of 342 votes in the rLort space of four months Weer Inna Coorigs.—B. arrival from Ja- ates have beew receive be 22d of February, #y contained nothing of interest, unless wo m g paregraph from the Jamaica Bi but except tbe fell polch, which is another evidence of British philaatiro Py, It is time that the suthorities hould teks rome atepe in regard to the helf-tarved wandering Cccl es, who are seen at every corner, covered with ver and mi fery. Some of them are #0 diseused that they ocu soeroe- ly inove, while thelr dirtiness pnd miserable appentimee exeite the commiseration of all who behold them.” Political Intelligence. Sam Hovstow in Boston —The ex-Preriient of Tex- ax spoke before a very large audience of his political friends at the Tremont Temple, Boston, on Tuesday evening. The topic of bis remark+ wes Texas, whose history he reviewed, firs Republic, and at Length as one of the North American States. Democnatic DaneGgate 10 THR Nationa Conven- tion — Jesse C. Dana bas been chosen by the od Hun- kers,a delegate to the Baltimore convention from the nineteenth Congressiensl district in this State Wrie Devecare.—Mr, Sylvester Schenck is the d gate from the twenty-fifth district of this Siate, to whig national convention. Mayon or Camoun, N J.-B. A. Haramet!, the native American candidate, wee elected Meyor of the city of Camden, NJ, by a plurelity of fourteen vo Pexnsyivania Leos. atoure.——Tho bill to incorporats the Pbiladelphia and Atlantio ae Navigation eh d the Pensylvenia Senateon Tuesday. Aico, the to incorporate the Obio and Erie R. R Uo, Summary. We give a teport of the Hon John ©. Cal- houn’s speech in the Senate yesterday, in oppo- sition tothe Ten Regiment Bill. We received this report by telegraph from the capitol, ove® the “ through wire,” in fine style, and are en- abled to give it to our readers in a few hours after it was delivered by that distinguished statesman. It will be seen trom this report, that Mr. Cal- houn opposes the passage of the bill, because, in his opinion, it is not necessary at present to pass it, Mexico is incapable of making any further Sresistance; and that, even as a measure of intimidation, it is unnecessary. The remain- der of Mr. Calhoun’s reasons coincide with what he expressed on a former occasion. His argu- ments are very emphatic, and, no doubt, sin- cere; and, although there are many who differ from them, still his speech will be read with interest by men of all parties. Besides the consideration of the ten regiment bill, other matters of importance were taken up inthe Senate. Mr. Dix, of New York, present- eda numerously signed petition for the estab lishment of two lines of mail steamers—one be- tween New York and Havre, and the other be- tween New York and Vera Cruz; which were ordered to be printed, and referred to the Post- office Committee. Mr. Dix presented another petition from New York merchants, relative to import duties. Mr. Niles called for the corres- pondence between Mr. Bancroft and the British government, on the international postal arrange- ments. The House bill providing for deficien- cies in the appropriation for the present fiscal year, was next in order, to which Mr. Benton offered and advocated an amend nent for the ere- ation of a full mission to the Court of Rome, in- stead of a Charge des Affaires. Thia brought out Mr. Badger, of North Carolina, who opposed the motion, with an array of religious scruples, which had the effect of postponing the subject for the time being. Mr. Berrien secured the floor for to-day, when he will address the Senate on the ten regiment bill. In the House, a debate on the subject of provision contracts for the army, occupied nearly the whole of the day. A despatch from Washington ennounces the illness of Mr. Sevier, the newly appointed Minis- ter to Mexico. We hope that he may speedily Tecover, and set out on his mission; ag in an important matter like the one with which he is entrusted, ‘‘delays are dangerous.”” From Frankfort, Ky , we learn that the demo- crats of that State have nominated the Hop. Lynn Boyd, the representative in Congress, for Governor, and Geo. W. Johnson, for Lieutenant Governor. The legislative proceedings of this State and Pennsylvania—important to the railroad int«- rests—market reports, from all the commerci:l points of the Union, shipping intelligence, &c. &c , will be found below. Iilness of Mr. Sevier, d&c , Kc. _ Wasurxcron, March 16-8 P. M. Mr. Sevier has been very ul to-day of cholera morbus, and is still not much improved this eve- ning. Meantime, they are very busy at the “west end” in getting everything ready for his departure to Mexico. There is full confidence in the ratification of the treaty. Mr. Sevier, it 13 thought, will wait for the result of the ten re- giment bill, before setting ont on his mission. _ Mr. Webster will follow the Hon. J. M. Ber- rien on the ten regiment biil to-morrow. The bad weather here has moderated. The fruit crop in the neighborhood is in a hopeless condition, in consequence of the severity of the season. The Assistant PostmasterjGeneral gave a large party last night at Browne’s Hotel. The ten regiment bill will be disposed of in the Senate to-morrow. Military honors will be rendered to the re- mains ot Capt. Hanson on Monday. They ar- rived here to-day. From the Soutn, Aveusta, Georgia, March 16, 1848. We have received New Orleans dates by over- land express to-day, to the 12th inst., but they contain no news. I send you the market reports and shipping intelligence of the 11th and 12th. Political MovementsIn Kentucky. Franxrort, Ky., March 16, 1848. The democrats of this State have nominated their candidates for the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor—the Hon. Lynn Boyd, at present a representative in Congress, being the nominee for the former, and Geo. . Johnson tor the latter offi Pennsylvania Leg! Ure. Puttapgiruta, March 16, 1848. Tae Pennsylvania railroad bill passed both houses of the Legislature to-day. The New York and Erie railroad bill was under conside- ration to/the hour of adjourament, Ghe Weather—Mr. “lay. . Baxtimorg, March 16, 1848. The weather is extremely cold. Mr. Clay arrived here about 2 0’clock, and re- fused all public demonstration. The Funeral of Judge Spencer. _ _ Avsany, March 16, 1848. Judge Spencer is to be buried on Saturday, the 18th instant. THIRTIETH CONGRESS. FIRST SBSSION. INTERESTING DEBATES, MR. CALMOUN’S SPEECH ON THE TEN REGIMENT BILL. &e. &c. &e. Benate. Wasnixaton, March 16, 1848. convened at the ususl hour. Tho Vics- med the chair, and called toorder, when prayer was offered up by the Rey. Mr. Gurley. New York sad Vera Crus, New Yerx and Havre. it was duly received, ordered to be printed, wad referred to the committee on the Post Moe. Mr. Bix also presented # petition from importing mer- chante, in favor of duties bsing paid on goods actuall imported, without regard toinvoices. [t was raveived, ordered to bs printed, and referred to the Committeejon Finance. THE POSTAL ARRANGEMENTS, Mr. Nizes, of Connecticut, submitted @ resolution calling upon th» Prerident for copies of the correspon- detce between Mr Bancroit and the British govern- ment on international postal arrangements. MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES FOR SOLDIERS. Mr. Cass, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re- ported the bill in favor of presenting medals and certifi- cates to officers and soldiers serving in the war against Mexico, with amendmente, THE DEFICIENCY MILL. Mr. Arnenton, chairman of the committee on Fi- nanos, moved to take.up the House Bill providing for de- ficlencesin the appropriations for he present fircal year Some slight amendinents were adopted. The bill coming up on the question of its finat parsage, Mr. Benron offered an amendment, in favor of crea ting s full mission to the Court of Rome, in lieu of & Charge des Affaires; and went on briefly to advocate the expediency of the change, which he thought was alike dus to the dignity of our own country, as weil as respectful to the cout at which, we were to be repre- revted, where other governments maintained full em- barsies. or none at all My. Bancem, of North Carolina, said he was opposed to the sppointment of a Minister or Charge d’Affaires to the Papal Court of Rome, unless the form of that govern- ment was changed. He was opposed to religious power an the basis of ® government, and saw no necesrity for the existence of diplomatic relations between thie gov- ernment and that of Rome. We have felt no incouvo- nienee for the want of such intercourse here\ofore, and he saw no reason for # change at the present time. Gen tlemen thongbt that daciining to send @ raprosontative would be considered disrespectfal, fie did not 60 consi der it, Beowuse some emall powers sent tuil missions to Ror no argument in favor of our doing the same thing. ‘Ateer a fow words from Mr, Bexrow, in reply, the fur- ther consid -ration of the bill was postponed. THE TEN REGIMENT DILL, Mr, Cass moved to take up the ten regiment bill, which was agreed to, when Mr, Canmeun ross and said—Atter a very careful examination,! have not been able to find a single argu- ment which, in my opiaion, would justify the passage of this bill at this time, under exteting circumstances. [cannot but think that those who have come toa dif- ferent conclueion have overlooked the actual condition of the government and people of Mexico at thistiae, 1 | Mr, Tuomrson, of Ks either to intimidate, or to coerce the goverament of ofthe whole number oalled for ia. Mexioo into @ ratification of the treaty. If, sir, the government were strong, and the people united and espable of re.orgavising themselves again into resis tanoe, there might be some strong reascns for adopting this measure; but this isnot thecase On the contrary, an entirely opposite condition of things exists. The Mexican government is little more than a shadow of @ government, without support upon which it can rely— without am army—without revenue, The people are in a state of disorganization, opposed @o the army and the government, and a large party are in favor of the con- tinuation of the war, not from hostility to ws, but their own government, as it at present exists. By our for- bearanoe, and under our countenance and support, they havo been induced to treat with us from acread of auni- hilation. We have been asstrongly induced to treat, from the same consideration; both governments have been operated upon by the same reascn; for it is dificult to tellwhioh would suffer most from the denger appre- herded. The present danger ‘s not im the refusal of the Mexican government to make peace; but the great dan- gar is, thatehe mvy perish before she will luve the op- portunity to ratify the treaty. One thing is ciear—we have the fcrce to intimidate her, without there ten re- giments, if intimidation be necessary. Aingle brigade would be sufficient to crush any resistance which she is now competent to make. We bold another power in our hand ample to induce her to ratify this treaty. Tell her that if she refuses it, we should adopt the boundary of the treaty, and save the twenty millions which we in- tended to give for ber consent. This consideration aloue would be rufficient to persuade her to ratify this treaty, and the amendments which muy have been made in this bedy. In this view, this bill of intimidation and coercion is@ useless menace snd unmeaning bravado. It is worse than ureless; it is mischlevous to usand to Mexiso, It would be mischievous here, becsure it would create a suspicion in the country that the treaty will not be ratified-that we shall not have peace; and the effects would be to cripple the operations of eurreucy and commerce. It would be mischievous ia Mexico, from other reaso: ‘Thera is @ largo party in Mexico, known as the Puros ; they are unwilling to have peace, not as our enemies, er frieads; but they wish to see the existing goverament annibliated, that it may pass into ether hands. This bill will have the effect of encouragizg them te break down the government, The measure is mot only useless and mischicvous, but it will bes costly piece of bravado. I suppose the chairmen of military affairs does not intend that the bill shall merely pass the Se- nate; but that it shall becomea law. The expenses, then, ef recruiting and land bounties, will Le some $250,000. The pay of the officers and troops, rations and clothing, will swell the cost to thres millions, Then, we shall have a vast increase of executive patronage which must be deprecated by every man of every party, when that patronago is already roenormous, I take yet higher grounds. I should be opposed to this bill under ey circumstances. I should vote egsinst it, if the treaty had not been made, from {reasons which I regard es invincible. Mr, Caiboun taen explained the bill,and ssid that it contemplated a vigorous proecoution of war in the event of the failure of the treaty; that this policy could not stop short of the annihilation of Mexico, and its annexation to this Union—a consequence more to be drosded than any other. Upon this subject there kad been @ general change. A short time ago there was 6 large party in this Union favorable to the an- nexatioa of ail Mexico, It could be dose by the news- papers, and by resolutions at mass meetings; but the great body of the people, when they discovered that the ‘wor was tending to this result, had put upon the preject their neal of reprobation at onee, and I hope for ever: Mexico refuses to ratify the treaty, our orly true policy‘ 10 take the line prescribed. It will take less force to de- fend it against the Mexicans than it will require, if the treaty be adopted, to defend it against incursions from cur sideiuto Mexico, Lot us.sct honorably and fairly. I hope the day of intimidation in negotiations is psszed by. It oame near bringing us into war om the Oregom queetion ; but we were saved by the wisdom and foresight of the Se- nate. It was the attempt to intimidate Mexico which brought on the present war, absolved from the intention of producing a state of war ; but such was iho result of the policy adopted. I oppose this bill on yot higher ground. It is ealculated to strengthon the system of finances adopted and spread over the country occupied by our armies, to sid in the collection of the contribu- tions extorted from Mexico. I cannot vote for this bill withoutgiving my sacotion to thiseystom ofinternal ux- ey. I hold the broad ground that ihe I’resident has no legal nor constitutional right to impose any system of internal or external taxation, or contribctions, in Mexico. It isa power which, if admitted, is eminently dongerous to the country. I had desired the postpone- ment cf this bill until the ratification and exchauge of the treaty, to avoid the possibility of the charge of giving aid andcomfort to the enemy; but it is forced upen us; andif there be any aid snd comfort, ia my opinion, the responsibility does not rest with me, but with those who have forced this bill upom cur considera- tion at this time. Now, sir, if the system of oontribu- tions in force in Mexioo is authorized by the constitu- tion, Lask gentlemen to point it out; if it is authorised by the laws of this Union, point itcut; if there is any authority for it in the implied powers of the Executive, Peint it out. The system hes ro authority in law nor in the constitution ; but if it be in the implied powers of ths constitution, you do not escape the difficulty. The fathers of the constitution, im their 1 gacity and wisdom, have given ail the implied powers of the government to Congress. Mr. Cal- houn read from the coustitution. He then ar- gued that the powor could not belong to the Prosident, ss commanier-in chief, because he has no more to levy taxes in Mexieo, for the support of thi there, than he has to collect them in the United States. The power in the United States belongs to Congress. The power of collecting juternal and external coatribu- tions, as exercised by the President in Mexioo,was not in itself proof that thers was any such power in the oon- stitution. If such laws be admitied, where is the limit to the exercise of this power? He may raise armies; he may go on with his wars of subjugation to Guatemela—to the islands of the ocean—to Japan; and may flually turn his armies egainst his own country. With this onlimited power sdmitted, the Executive oc- cupies the position of President of the United States, and the supreme despotic power of Mex- joo. Mr. Calhoun further contended that the commander-in-chief, ia the invasion of an enemy's country, had the power to seize property and to reduce cities and fortresses; bat that when reduced, they and the country ocoupied were under the euthority. for the time, not of the President as commander-in-ehief, but of the govermment of the United States. The power of taxation in this government is vealed jo Congress — These propositions are perfectly clear. 1 am amazed that they have thus far been overlooked. With some gomeral remarke upon the evils of encouraging a warlike epirit in this ceuntry, im wars of conquest, Mr. Calhoun raid he had looked above all party, er personal, or local considerations, in its disonssion; and rusk wore his con- vietions that he could wish the bill rejooted by the una- nimous vote of the Senate. In every view of the case, it becomes the Senate to put their fiaal condemnation upon this bill. Mr. Jounson, of Georgia, followed in a speroh in sup- port of the administration, and advocated the parsago of the bill, When hes had concinded, THe MEIN OF JOHN PAUL JONES Mr Baanavay, of Maine, moved for tho ra-considera- tion of the vote yeeterday, of the Senate, ugreeing to the House bill, w.th amentments, in f.vor of the heirs ef John Paul Jones, which was negatived. On motion, it waa then entered upon the Journal, that when the Senate journ, it dono with the understand ing that the vote on the Ten Regiment biil should be taken to morrow, which was agreed to Mr. Bunnsen ins the floor to-morrow. On motion the Seante adjourned. House of Representatives Tho Houreaosembled at the ususlhour. Tne Speaker took hin seat and calied the {ous to order Prayer was then cffared up by the Chaplain. The journals was read aud approved. THY PROVISION CONTRACTS FOR T After the transse'ion of the ueual routine business, Mr. Howent Conn, of Georgin, moved a reconsidera ion of the vote taken yeaterday by which the House pasard the bill for priutiog ten thousand exira copivs cf ab- stracta of the provision contrasts, &. Ho then pro- ceeded to speak briefly on the subject He was willing to print an ordinary number of copies, but was oppened extra copies Ho opposed the passage of (h end epoke with ability in defence of the ad- joinistration He aid thet the mearurs for the purpose of ettecking the xdminintra there hat been waste or mi nt, the army off oera, alone, were bly the had conclused Mr, Crozien, of Toone warmly rijolned, and fo- yerely commen'ed upon the ter of ‘ths contracts, and held the adnsinistration responsible for the:a, ke. Mr. Cown rejoined, and curing bis remarks became much excited Mr. Srewant, of Peons, followed. He ratd that he was in favor of printing the abstracts for the purpose of showing the people how and where their money had goun, A proper #bstract of those contracts should bo published and spread b fore the poeple broadcast. Here- atter, by giving inform tion, sompetition would be created, aud mo to the treasury. Me: Rowunr Mo xp, of Michigan, defended the administration, He suigl tois wan a party ques lov, @ud fa t jurposes that i¢ Lad been produogd for Pay vi tod the printiog AnMY Mr. Tuomrson withdrew his mo‘ion, to enabl: Me to who went on to address the H: After he bi poluded, Mr. Tuomreson renewed his motion. { Tho yeus eud nays were thea called for, when \ House proceeved to vote, and desided it in the sffirm tive, by ae 93, mays 78; 80 the House refused to re | Mr. MeKay then moved that the into a Cemmittee the Whole Payee es ' Union, bir, Rockwell, of Couneotiout, in the chair, the bill under discussion at the adjourmment yeater- dey. with emendments, which 3 tern ts, Which was passed; when the House NEW YORK LEGISLAYURE. A.sany, March 16, 1848, Senate, REPORT oN PRACTION AxD ruRAD afteraoos, 6] port on practise, s: bated, bu! not disposed of to-day? THE LIEN Law. Me. Wu xi reported adverssly toa bill for security of id to. mechanics erecting buildiags, THE COMDMISSARY G) accounts. A bill to repeal the C Storins ocrtain Yooti again moneys, was passed. rAY BILL. The General 2 up in committse on the question of emia in, THE RMINRNE DOMAIN QUESTION. The question of eminent dowsin, as eppiieadle to ratl- ways, was debated at length, the Senate bave taken tho sanse ground 2s tha House, by refusing to lveislate away, by general law, the right of emiu-nt domain, retaining that power, to be applied to each particular railway charter; deciding, therefore, that the objict of such corporations oannot be attained by general law. ALBANY AND COHOKS RAILHOAD The bill to iacorporate the Atbuny and Cobces -.al- road, company, and the general bill codifying extstin, lawa relating to railway eompunies, were then discussed. Assembly. DAMAGE BY RrOTA, Yesterday afternoou, the Houne rescinded all ita for- mer uction in regard to an investication of the cai which lod to the destrzction of Mr. Niles’ property in Queens county, and referred the same to « Select Com- mittee, but without power to send for peraous or to visit Queens county. EDUCATION IN BROOKLYN. Mr. Caoes brought Iu @ bill to amend an act relative to common schools in Brosklya SLATE STATISTICS, Mr. Kennepy brougtit in a bill foc obtaining and pre- rerving statistieat iniormetion of the anaual resources of the State. a ‘oaps. to amend the railroad residence of persons thes of the To-day We MATITUTION Fon THE mLIND, ‘o-dny Mr. Ransoat brought in a bill im ald of th. New York Institution for tie. Bitcd. * MARINE COUBT, NEW YORK. Mr Camvanct reported favorably on the bill to abelish the Mariue Court of Now York REDUCTION OF RAILWAY FARE : Mr. Grass gave notice of a bill to reduce railway fare. Sie int ApARD oF avoizens Mr. Meacn introduced a bill creating a B: - ditora of New York pane sgiae: utils ANOTHER RAILROAD it COLLins gave notice of a bill for a railway fro: Fishkill Landicg to the Connecticut River. © THE GENKRAL MATLROAD BILL The general railroad bill was passed in Committee of the Whole Amendments were, however, adopted, re- fusing sil rajiroad sssociation ; to looate roads in the most direct amd eligible routes; that contractors give tho directors reourities that they will pay thelr workmen; bringing existing companies under the operation of this Dill co far as it does aot conflict with their charters; and reserving rizbts for jintereueting railroads, &c., ko, ks. The bill as it passed in committes was debated in ths House, but not dispored of. The weather cold —below zero at 7 o’olock. Markets, New Orteans, Maroh 11, 1943 —Cotton—3000 bales at former prices. Sagar—Limited ; fair to good at 8% a 4:. Molasses, 19a 2lc Fiourinactive. Freights—An American rhip bad been take to Liverpool at 34¢, and another to Havre,atle. Exobange—Fair demand, New Oareans, March 12, 1648 —Cotton wos in acti @ demand ; the ssles for the week were thirty-four thou- send bales middling at 7°¢ to 73¢0. Sugar—The prices were irregalar ; for fair to fully fatr, 3% to 40. Molasses —Fair to prime, 19 to 209. Flour—Sales small, and prices firm Freights—Priees firmer, with an upward tendency, Exehange—Fair demand. Barrimene, Maroh 16, 1843 —Flour—The market was inactive, butfirmer; aud we have only to notice sales of 400 bbis of Howard ssrest, at $5 8734 a $6 121¢. which was an advance, Wheat—Siles of 2400 bushels were made, including Maryland red exd white, et $1 30 0 $1 33, Corn—Sales of 4000 a 5000 bushels were mado, including white, mixed, and yellow, at 440490, Whiskey eon- tinued dull. There was no ehangs im Provisions Boston, Maroh 16, 1843 -Fiour—The market conti- nued firm, and exles of 1,600 barrels were made, includ- Ing Geneseo and other good western brands, st $6 75 8 Corn—We note sales $6 8734, which was an advanee. of 4,000 bushels, including white Rye—Sales of 809 a 4C0 bushels at 850 tice sal-s of 2,500 bushels northern ‘at 480, exhibited no change. eights were dull—merchants waiting steamer. Weather very ccid. Shipping Intelligenee. , Bostox, Mar 16—Arr brig 4eadian, from Malifax, NS. 11th inst. Steamship Britenuia, from Seaton fer Malifox om ‘Seen 12/h test at 4 PM, Bable NN W 3 wm: frem Zsezibsr, ar G— ter brig (he ec Livax, NS Mar UsSchs Bambter, fer New Forks i n. from Boston, just arc. Bld Sco, sons Mery, New Yer ry, do. Niw Onceans, Maz 12—Arr sh’ps Osceoia, New York: Southarser, Philadelphia. Cid ship Daltantin; Beton; Nev Jersey, do: Biles Holmes, New York; brig Tarquia lth—Arr ships Abbey Pratt, Boston; Galen Ju Lu and foldan, Philadelphia. Cld iid Ror, Boston: bark Lore. ¢ Bo: rig ost: Marine Affair Streamer {Uniten Starges.—We gave yorterday, an account of the trial trip of this fine ship, bat cannot con- sider it complete witheut @ description of her hull and accommodations. Here they are in brief. ‘The keel was laid Jam, 30th, 1847, end launched August 20th; 956 feet long on spar deck, 277 fert from taffrail to figure head» 4) feet boam, 80)4 feet hold, about 2600 tons, carpenters urement. Frame, including deadwoods and kel- Delaware oak, allof the very bost quality of timber hewn to equare e¢g:s; double floors xeross the keel amfdships, aud five rows ct double kelaous, fore and aft, of pitch pine, three fest deep, and four rows of sirgle keisons, 16 inches d:ep; bilge streaks, 12 iaches square; clomps, ceiling and beams, unurusliy lergs, and fastened! iu a soperior manner; hansing kaees, siding frem 10 to 1s inches, and very long She is rigged with th ourrying yards on the fore and mata mast praize cannot be awarded to the primetpal drang tm the enginerrieg aad building @epar' menuerin which their work harmoniz: iuoh of timber has been cut away for pu the working cf the magniticent ongiasa. the United Sintss a9 strong amd substunt! fist came from the butide: ands The interval arrangements ara very roomy—rhe h: four entire decks, except the space oocupiad by tha en- ii orlop deck, omder which, a¥ exch. eerried; the coal bunke. are ventilated and lighted eleg rome diatance above wa'e! q light draft, which will not exeeed 16 feet. ety lights from the upper deck ndows, In tois cabin ia a lurge clase apace, eot long, affording a promenade in unpleasant donolog or other amusements Forward, outhe lower deck is intended fo 6 three or four hun- dred tons can be ato ©, bot ths arcangement is such, th 8 being under this deck, that this space oan b up conveniently with state rooma fcr passengors if required, a part of 15 being coc: remeo, &s. This d is lighted and venti- ame as the after ee Oa the m deck, lated the a(t the engines, fa the dining eabio, about 90 fret long, i ventilated ana com upper deck glass, &o One sidect son this deok are . > ; the other 8° water alosets and was. Directly forward of the engines, on tir kts the cooking arimente forthe cabia passengers, having ® very con- venient connvetion with the deck, pantries, store room and cabin, wihout coming ia coatact with the paseen- | wero, Forautd cf this ere rooma for the engineers end | tuates, Next comes another cabin, with large state | rooms, equal in any respect to those aft, and connect- | ing with the afver cabin by ® pastegs way on the same | deok. Onthe extreme forwird pare of tals deck ia the foreeasile for the sailors, very osaveniently arranged, and counseting with tho epar or upper di it On the npar deok, a@i, isa targe bh after paseages to oabla, ateering @ closets for genta, and rooms for watt About raldships is a house coveric a, afordiag an sg the deok in clear f. ‘0 alter cw this nod the hoass , affording a ¢ abous 50. ihe opening or pastago to engines tr, Nex rooms and fird’r07ms,oaboose house for crew, smoke pipes stock houve, pkyliguts to erg neers’ o house éoverog passage to forward oabir word cabin, batobway wiv adinan, forward he The cablan w They aco very neatly oud taste- : vated in w plata, subssantial etyle white enaweliing, ornamented by plain pila ters of the samo finish, wtb gflds@ foroll expitals, wad imitation marble p deetals. ‘The Un onatio, ks. a has been built fr service, No pairs nor ex} axed to reader her complete tn every T ‘owned by Charles H. Marshall aad oF built by Wa. H. Webb. The end onginie built by 4’, ¥, S-oor & Co. &o Hann Laweenck—Captoia Littlefield, aod James Wilkins, of the bark Laurens, formerly of Sag Harboe ‘The cominittee ross and reported the bill to the Houre \