The New York Herald Newspaper, January 7, 1848, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. Serth-west Corner of Fulton and Nassan sts. JANES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR, DAILY AE Sund. tuded Price 2 cents “x py hag | mary oy Datted European subscribers, $14 per annum. including Postage WEEKLY HERALD day—Pri cents per copy—B3 12% a eo Onited . amship, 85 per annum, anc sing the port ont HERALD POR RUROPE—Rvery Steam Pocket Day ~ rice i cents per copy—85 per annum. including port- $2 exclusive of postage Subscriptions and ad- e nts will be received by Messrs Gat 418 rue ; ie2L Cornhill, and John Me ler Henrvel Landon PRESIDENTIAL HERALD—Every Tuesday—One the Cum; in. legible manner. The proprietor not respon: PRINTING of at kinda ececuted heauteAally ond with qdvertisements, to he post paid, or the postage pari eae | SOLLnAaNY Epa barormanon, corte Woatever is intended for insertion must be authents- thom cated by the name and address of the writer ; not neces rly '@ publication. but asa guaranty xf his good faith. on »! undertake communscations te ALL PAYMENTS to mace in advance. 4MUSEMENTS THIS EVENIN' PARK THEATRE—Sanps Lent & Co.'s American C.rens, in ther various performances, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Vinainivs—La Cat SELLE —( MARLOTTE AMPLE. tham street —He Lirs Line KEE Durtiist—Mo" THIOPIAN MeLopigs. Protunes oF BaTTLE: &RY AMPHITHEATRE, Bowery — Tion seme: Prarouma’ BROADWAY OD¥ON, Broadway —Sixcixc—Vextar Loquis-Gaxcian Ex s——MORL ARTISTS. MECHANICS’ HALL Broadway, rvid MinTasis, Lreiopian ‘Sincina, ina, fe PANORAMA HALL, Broad varp’s PawonamMacr Tae Missi + Brovme—CHa. uRiRsqce Dane: » neat Houston —Ban- is New York, Friday, January 7, 1848, Congress, Yesterday. ah . debate on the important question of fur- nish: re troops to recruit the army in Mexico, involving as it does a continuance of the war in that republic, was continued yester- day in the Senate, and begins to assume a most remarkable character, a great bitterness of feeling in the debaters, and a meeting of ex- tremes among politicians and parties. Mr. Badger, of North Carolina, made a few remarks fivorable to the purpose of sending more troops to Mexico; but the principal speech, and the most extraordinary feeling, came off in the de- bate growing out of the general question in- volved in Mr. Cass’s motion for an increase of the presentarmy. Oathis question, Mr. Hale, of New Hampshire—one of the representatives of the abolitionists of New England—made a most bitter and violent speech against a continuance of the war—egainst the policy of giving any more assistance to the army—and expressing his willingness to furnish just as much aid as would bring our troops, by the nearest route, safe to their homes again. The principal argument ad- duced by Mr. Hale against the continuance of the war, is the allegation that the annexation of Texas, like that of Mexico, was engendered merely for the extension of slavery. How sin- gulor and contradictory are the positions of emi- nent Senators and Representatives on tiris most important question connected with Mexico! Mr. Calhoun, a representative of South Caro- lina—the highest embodiment of the principle olved in the domestic institutions of the South—standing side by side with Mr. Hale, of New Hampshire, who is utterly and radically opposed to the same principle, in supporting the same measure—the immediate discontinu- anee of the war with Mexico—for precisely »pposite reasons and purposes! There is some- thing extremely sublime, or broadly farcical, in thus beholding two distinguished men, from op- posite points of the country, representatives of different principles in social and political mat- ters, engaged, and standing shoulder to shoul- der, iu the same cause at Washington. How is this so 1? What is the meaning of it? What is the solution of it? Can it be found in Euclid or Don Quixotte? Is there any trace of it in Ba- con or Gil Blas? The interest in the debates in Washington is increasing every day, and every hour, but above all, the debates on the continuance and further prosecution of the war with Mexico, for in that is the germ of those principles that must, in due time, decide the destiny of this great na- tion. After Mr. Hale’s extraordinary speech, the subject wee postponed to to-day, to be taken up by Mr. Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, also a whig Senator, but most likely in favor of a con- tinuance of the war—a position maintained ge- nerally by Senators of both parties from the South and West. We may expect every day or two a remarkable speech from Mr. Webster, another from Mr. Clayton, another from Mr. Ben- ton—all involving views and principles, end prospects of the futuge, deeply interesting to every politician and every man in the country This debate is only the commencement of the fun—the farce or the tragedy, as it may turn out tobe. It involves a continuance of the war in The " Mexico, and all its responsibilities and results, | as well as that of the Presidency forthe next four years. Thus has the Mexican war begun, and is now in mid career in the Senate. debates, either in the Senate or the House, may be expected the next morning after they are lelivered in Washington, in the Herald, trane- mitted to us by electric telegraph, at vast and enormous expense. We incur this expense for the good of the community and the commercial regions of the courtry, because we believe that whole course of trade, and business, and anking, and commerce, depends on the solution of the question now before the Senate. The respects are that the war will be continued, | that vast new loans will be required—loans amounting to eighty, ninety, or a hundred mil- lions of dollars—for the next year, (according to the authority of some of the journals at Wash- ington), Which, together with the drain of specie to England, will soon bring the banking institu- tions of this country into a state of absolute sus- pension, and probably final bankruptey. Let all merchants, bankers, financiers, traders, and every one, look out for squalls. There is no harm in taking care in time, and we warn them accordingly Tue Puanriety Bank ann toe New Jersey Rucetvers.—Mesers. Beach & Sons have, on several occasions, ofiered publicly to liquidate, » gold and silver, al! the circulation of the Plainfield Bank outstanding, provided the re- ecivers, resident in the State of New Jersey, will deliver to them all the assets of that insti- This offer has been repeated several publicly, and apparently with perfect good faith, Why will not the receivers accept it, or state 4 sufficient reason for their refusal? Ac- cording to our notions of honesty and integrity, we caunot perceive any justice or good faith to- wards the public on the part of the receivers, if they do not come up to the * Captain’s office,” te , and accept the offer as it is presented to vem. We lave much more to say on this sub- ect, and we only wait to hear something from the reccivers. White on this point, we would » enquire Who redeems the notes of the Cham- plain Bank, and of some other banks of this York? State, in the city of New Furthermore, we would ask, what other banks in New Jersey | are in adonbtful condition? There is @ good deal of talk about the State Bank of Elizabeth. lows; but some way, that the paper ot that insti julien is redeemed somewhere in Wall etr 4 EMENTSat recsonadte prices; tobe writ-. THIOTIAN MINSTRELS=MISCRLLANEOUS | Full reports of the | _ The Presidentta! Election. After a great deal of talking, of various move- ments, of meetings here and there, of indica- tions of every kind, there is every probability | that the great canvass for the next Presidency is | mow about to commence, under different eus- | pices, and in different shapes, to any that ever | took place in this great republic. The indica- tions are in favor of a popular, ind-pendeat, in- telligent, intellectual, philosophical, economical, and financial canvass for the Presidency, and not & mere political one, originatiag with secret and | dishonest cliques of politicians. Let us explain. Only ian two important eras in the history of this republic, have the Presidential elections been conducted on popular and independent principles of action—viz.: in the election of Gen. Washing- ton, and in that of Gen, Jackson. Those elections stand boldly out as two prominent instances, where the miad of every intelligent man was ap- pealed to, independent of caucuses, or conven- tions, or cliques, or coteries, of scoundrelly poli- ticians. The other elections of our Presidents were generally brought about either by congres- sional caucuses, mere cliques fomented in the corruption of Washington, or coteries of disho- nest politicians, nominated secretly from Wash- ington, and forming what are called national conventions, repres:nting the people, as it is called; but in fact, representing nobody but a few office seekers, who compose them. These no- minations, springing from congressional cau- cuses, or national conventions, have hitherto monopolised the attention of the American peo- ple, and thrown chains over the free thoughts of free men, sacred over the whole Union. We have only seen those two instances, already enamerated, in the elections of Generals Wash- ington and Jackson, and they were called to the White House by the independence and impulses of a free people. We are happy in the present day, and we thank the Almighty Father of Heaven and Earth, for permitting this happiness to exist in the pre- sent age of the world—we are happy in be- lieving that in the present day, at this time, there 1ssome prospect that the people of the United States have courage enough to throw off the shackles of the politicians and office seekers, either of the caucus or convention system, and take the matter of electing their own President into their own hands, and conduct it toa suc- cessful termination, without the intervention of those corrupt fellows who have led the people, for so many years, in so many ways. The first impulse tending to give the people a free choice in the coming contest for the Presi- dency, was that in favor of Gen. Taylor, ex- preased during the last year, which has revived in various ways, and come to ahead in New York, by the call for a great public meeting at the Tabernacle, on the twenty-second of | next month, being the anniversary of the birth | of Washington, and of the battle of Buena | Vista. Those who call themselves whigs, and who are in favor of the defensive line of policy in regard to Mexico, by adopting a new bounda- ry line and abandoning that country, are called upon to support that great and excellent man, and by supporting him, to express their views on the policy which they think the country ought to pursue towards Mexico. Thus much on that point. Another view of the Mexican policy is, to acquire and retain mili- tary possession of the whole of that republic; to make it pay every expense of the war, so as to save the revulsion expected by the. banks, by a continuance of the war by'taxes and loans in this country. This policy is represented by the distinguished name of Worth, or that of Quit- man, as some say—we don’t care which. The people entertaining those sentiments, being gene- rally attached to the democratic party, and it be- ing a democratic movement, are therefore called on, on the same day, to give an exhibition of their strength in favor of those principles and that po- licy towards Mexico. The two men representing those two opposite policies towards Mexico, are both great and distinguished citizens; they are patriots, for they have fought and bled for their country; and although General Taylor may have a little the advantage in point of position, as regards the first campaign in Mexico, yet General Worth has shown, through the whole of the war, traits of most distin- guished bravery, courage, capacity, and every thing that can ennoble and adorn human nature. He is also believed to be favorable to the policy of occupying the whole of Mexico. Itis, therefore, put to the American peoplenow, and the campaign is beginning in this great me- tropolis, to be extended throughout the whole country, whether one or the other of these lines of policy shall be adopted. These distinguished men merely represent them. There will be no necessity for caucuses, or conventions, or any thing of the kind, to bring about an expression of the people who wish to give forth their sen- | timents in their selections for the Presi- dency. The newspaper press is independent. | The electric telegraph communicates intel- | ligence instantaneously, from one end of the country to the other. In a Presidential can- vass, we can accomplish as much in one day, | at the present time, as we could have done in nine or twelve months, twenty-five years ago, and as much as could have been done in | three years, forty years ago. . We want no con- ventions, no congressional caucuses, no meet- ings of members of Congress, no State legislative | nominations—nothing at all of the kind. Let { members of Congress attend to their distinct du- ‘ ties, and let State legislators obey theirs. The | people, with an independent prese—with the im- | provements of the age, the electric telegraph, railroads, the power of locomotion, and the liber- ty of thought and action—can accomplish the | whole of it, and determine who shall be the next | President. This is the way to elect our Presi- dent, and this is the best and only way. Impracument or Mr. Potx—Tue Hovse or Rerresentatives.—-We have already stated that | the House of Representatives passed a resolu- | tion, eighty-five to eighty-one, declaring that the President commenced the Mexican war, both unnecessarily and unconstitutionally The passage of such a resolution is not! enough. The House of Representatives must follow up this declaration, and draw up a bill of | impeachment against the President, and have him regularly tried before the Senate, or be dis- | graced, asa representative body, before the whole world. It Mr. Polk, the President of the Uni- ted States, commenced the war against Mexico, without any necessity, and contrary to the con- stitution, he ought to be impeached, tried, con- victed, and punished, according to the constitu- tion, for such a grievous offence. The House of | Representatives, in passing that resolution, the | other day, have affirmed this proposition; and we call on them, ia the face of heaven and eerth, and according to all principles of sound | | morality, to go forward with the work, and | | bring the President to justice, in the proper way. j There is no aliernative left to the lower house of this thirtieth Congress, but to proceed in this | course, or be damned to eternal infamy, through | all future time. tEAM Navicarion.—The Oronoco Steam Navigation Company has been formed, | aod fully organized, under the charter granted | by the State Legislature. The officers have been elected, and arrangements already made to | commence building three boats for the Oronoco, which are to be completed with all possible des- | patch, Oronoco & to Roma,—It is said that Mr, McKeon, | Tut Two Great Mass Mrerines on tHe Pax- sipExcy, on Wasuinaron’s Binrupay —These two important movements are making very rapid progress. Yesterday we despatched one of our agents, with eubscription papers, for calling those mass meetings ; one in tavor of General Taylor, at the Tabernacle, and the other in favor of General Worth, at Tammany Hall ; and they were placed in conspicuous positions in each of the following named hotels :— : Tammany Hall City Hotel Aster House Lovejoy’s, do Franklin, do Ciintoa, do Rathbun’s Hotel Judsor American, do Globe. do Croton, do Pearl Street House The proprietors of these several hotels received those papers with great kindness and attention, and hung them up in their several offices and bar-rooms; and we have no doubt will endeavor to procure as many names as possible, previous to the great day of assembling. We also despatched an agent to the Exchange yesterday, during ’change hours, who left those papers there in the hands of proper persons, and we have no doubt a full account will be received from there. These two movements, like the action of the negative and positive electricity, will produce health, purity, and elasticity in the political at- mosphere. The opinions of every one will be properly expreesed on the great question of the Mexican war; and after their ideas shall have been ascertained at the ballot boxes, every Ame- rican voter will then return to the tent or the field, satisfied and content with whatever may be the result of this combined movement. Has Tae Catnotic Cuurcu Been Usrrut t— We perceive that the Rev. Dr. Ryder, President of the College of the Hely Cross, in Worcester, Mass., is announced to deliver a lecture in St. Peter’s Church, Barclay street, on Sunday eve- ning next, and has selected as the subject of his lecture: ‘The Papal authority beneficial to so- ciety.” There are but few men living more capable of handling religious subjects than Dr. Ryder, and we expect that the discourse on Sunday evening, will, like all his attempts, be characterised by eloquence, philosophy, and convincing powers of argument. The subject which he has select- ed gives ample scope, and is, perhaps, one of the most interesting that he could dilate upon. There can be no question that the Roman Catholic Church, since the celebrated Council of Nice—the same which settled the Bible as it now exists, by rejecting such portions of the hely writings as were considered spurious, and retaining such as were considered authentic—has exercised a most beneficial influence on society, not only by its teachings, but by the exercise of the power and authority of the Pontiff, which, in the main, have been used judiciously, and by the encouragement it gave to learning of all kinds, the promotion of the fine arts, and the preserva- tion of literature during the dark ages. After the Roman empire was overrun by the ruthless bar- barians of the North, who were attracted to that favored portion of the world by the love of plunder, the Catholic Church civilized and hu- manized them, and fitted them afterwards to be- come the nations of civilized Europe, as they exist at this day. Of this view of the question, there can be no doubt; and we are sure that many will desire to hear the reverend lecturer on these points; but, whether the papal authority is beneficial to so- ciety, as 1t now exists, is a question on which there may be a wide difference of opinion. Some may think that the world, as it is at present con- stituted, has outgrown the church, and that, in- stead of its being the party led and directed by the papal authority, the latter, in fact, is directed by the world. However, we are not going into an argument on the matter—we shall leave it in the hands of Dr. Ryder. Artacks on THE Evgctric TeLegraru.—We hear of vagabonds and scoundrels, when in- portant news is to be expected by telegraph, cut- ting and otherwise defacing the wires. There is another kind of attack on this ex- traordinary invention, which exhibits an equal amount of malignity, but less intelligence. We perceive that two of our cofttemporaries assert, in reference to the recent transmission of the Governor’s Message over the wires from Albany, that numerous inaccuracies were committed, and give it as their opinion that the telegraph is not useful for the transmission of long docu- ments. ~ : We beg leave entirely to differ from such a conclusion. If you give a good and fair copy of any written production, to amy of the operators on eny of the old lines, they will transmit the matter with as much accuracy as one of the best short hand reporters cou The blunders committed in the Governor’s Message grew out ot an attempt by certain persons in Albany to condense it; but who were unable or incompe- tent forthe task. The recent speech delivered by Mr. Calhoun in Washington, was reported for the Herald most admirably by the telegraph; but the operators had nothing to do but follow the plain and correct copy furnished by our admira- ble reporters in the Senate in Washington. The use of the electric telegraph is hardly yet known. It is going to produce as great an effect on intelligence, and on its transmission, as any discovery since the creation of the world has done. It will cause condensation in all commu- nications, particularly those connected with the newspaper press; and that is of great and invalu- able use in the actual lengthening of human life. Curiovs CoinaGe.—Have you ever seen the curious coinage of three pieces in a dollar? Go to Jim Grant’s, No. 1 Ann street, and he will show you a specimen of the new Taylor coin- age, three pieces, very beautiful, in a dollar.— ‘We saw them yesterday at that famous place of resort, where we left subscription papers for the great mass meeting, to which every person should put his name, and get shaved afterwards. Navan.—U. 8. frigate United States, Com. Read, from the coast’ of Africa via Cape Verd Islands, Madeira, and Cadiz, arrived at Gibral- tar Ist ult, and remained 5th, to sail for Port Ma- hon in two or three days. U. S. sloop of war Marion was in port at the same time, to sail for Marseilles in two or three day: Two Tyrxos Nor Yer Donxe.—The quadrature of the circle, or the building of a monument to Give them fish to eat, without carefully extract- ing the bones. Enterrrise.—The New York Herald, of the 5th, has ten columns of matter, furnished to that 1 telegraph, embracing Gov. Young’s mernage, TiPmarketa fom, various qastters, Iepllative proceed: the steamer’s news, and the ings, Mexican news. ongrer- sional proceedings of the 4th, including @ long report of Mr. Calhoun’s anti-war . This is truly & won- derful achievement. Who would hi believed such a five years ego ’—Philadelphia Pennsylva- New York Henaty.—This very enterprising press published yesterday ten col| f tele- graphic matter, including the Caledoni govern menage from Albany, aod Mr. Calhoun’s speech in U. 8. Senate on Tuesday against the pro- secution of the war.—Boston Post, Jan, 6. The New York Heral. da tain Governor Young’ Caledoula's news by teli Iso bas the speech of day, as well as many Jan, 6. Mr. Celhoun in the Sei te, on Tu Other things by telegraph. ton Brack Matt.—Bennett, of the New York He- rald, acknowledges the receipt of $100, accompa- nying which, is puff of « portion of the Astor Place Op- era troupe. He say! Wy spp te the money to cbaritable Tapa wes d publishes article with com- ments.— Philadelphia Pennsylvantan, Jan. 6. Matt ‘The Eeatern mail failed at the Distriet Attorney, is to he sont on the mite vion to Rome. Well? res. “ Oy 4, ST, M4 e Hg i INTELLIGENCE BY TELEGRAPH. ‘THIRTIIETH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. THE CONTINUANCE OF THE WAR DEBATE IN THE SENATE, Speeches of Messrs, Badger, of N. C., and Hale, of N. H. ke, he. &e. Senate. m ‘Wasminaton, Jan, 6th, 1848. ‘The Senate convened at the usual hour. The galle- ries of the Chamber were crowded at an early hour. The Hon. Dixon H. Lewis, of Alabama, eppeared at the bar, was duly sworn, and took his seat. PETITIONS FOR PEACE. Petitions being in order, several were presented by different gentlemen, among which wasone by Mr. Con- winx, of Obio, from the Soctety of Friends, of Spring Garden, Pennsylvania, praying for the termination of the Mexican war, and for the assembling of a congress of all nations, for the purpose of perpetaating peace. Mr. C, moved that it be printed, which was negatived A motion was then made to refer it to the appropriate committee, which was carried. Mr. ALLEN presented a petitoin on the same subject, from Ohio, which took the same course as the above. THE EDITORS OF THK UNION, Mr. Mason offered a resolution for admitting the edi- tors of the Union newspaper to the floor of the Sonate It lies over. MR, DICKINBON’S RESOLUTION. Mr Dicxinson gave notice that he should call up his resolution on Monday. WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Mr. Miter announced a bill suthorizing the erection of a monument to Washington in the public grounds. MEXICAN CLAIMS, Mr. Jonson, of Louisiana, offered a joint resolution providing for the payment of certain claims against Mexico. Read twice. PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE, Mr. Brapsvny, from the printing committee, reported that a thousand copies of the President’s message and the accompanying documents would be ready on the fif- teenth instant, and would make thirteen hundred pager, ADDITIONAL FURSERS Bills for the appointment of additional Pursers, and to extend the time for locating bounty land were con- sidered and laid over. FILLING VACANCIES IN THE VOLUNTEER REGIMENTS. Mr. Baposr, of North Carolina, from the Military Committee, rose and asked the attention of the Senate to a bill, the importance of which demanded speedy ac- tion, to wit:—a bill providing for the filling of vacancies in the volunteer regiments. It was necessary to have the bill passed at the earlieet day; because it was an im- portant object to have as many recruits as possible, safe- ly landed in the interior of Mexico before the recurrence of the vomito on the coast. The bill provides for the two dollar bounty to the recruiting officers, and twelve dollars to each of the recruits on his enlisting. Mr. Jerrenson Davis, of Mississippi, moved that the first and second dragoons and the mounted riflemen, be included in the bill. This was agreed to, and the bill passed, e THE TEN REGIMENTS BILL. On motion of Mr. Cass, the ten regiments bill was then taken up and read a third time. The question being on the passage, Mr. Hare, of New Hampshire, was induced by his convictions of duty, to define his views upon this bill Althou.h he knew that there were few Senators who would concur with him, yet he owed it to his constitu- ents, and to his position before the country, not to let his vote go to the world without giving his reasons for it. He would have been glad to have left this duty to older and abler hands. He would have been glad, in order to get all the possible light on this subject, which ppeared so dark and unfathomable ; but he supposed the bill would paes through the forms of a law, and that it was only left to him to give his reasons and his votes against it. But no matter whether the lights of public documents were to be had or not, his course was deci ded upon. He should go against the bill—he was op_ posed both to regulars and volunteers; and if there was any other description of troops, he should vote against them. He would oppose the appropriation of a single dollar to the force in the field, beyond the amount that ‘was necessary to bring them home, by the very shortest | Oregon was ours, and cheapest route. It was held to be patrietic to go for ‘war, when we get into it, right or wrong; and the Pre- sident, at the last session, hed officially declared all those opposed to his war as guilty of treason. Queen Eliza- beth doubted the understanding and wisdom of the members of parliament, and advised them not to meddle with state affairs. So had our President doubted the patriotism of Congress. Mr. Hale argued that this doo. trine of presidential assumption of right or wrong, and of absolute power, pending @ war, was most pernicious, The policy upon this doctrine, however, appears to be, that if we are in the war, we must prosecute it, right or wrong. It is popular to keep it going on, and if James K. Polk could get into two wars at once, he would expect to be more popular than Generals Washington and Jackson together. War now was not regarded as the blackest of crimes, as it had been by the proudest wri_ ters; but it was regarded as a Pool of Bethesda, in whieh the most detestable politics! profligacy, of the blackest die, could wash itself, and be cleansed. Asthe blood of our fellow men does not belong to that school of morals, or such being persevered, in not coming out right,another question is, what course does it become those who believe the country is involved in a war which is unjust, areto pursue? Some Senators, by asort of argument | cannot comprehend, think that, while the war is unjust, they are bound to vote men and money, throwing the responsibility upom the Preeident. I cannot see how this is done. Such opposition is just what is wanted. If you fellow this course, you will not find any articles in the government organ about factious opposition. It is just the sort of opposition they desire. They would rather have it than your support. They want nothing better than that you should vote the Pre- sident all the money and men he wants, and then to op- pose his policy. Nor do I agree with gentlemen who say that upon a bill to increase the army is not « preper place to inquire into the jpstice or constitutionality of the war. I hold that it is upon every bill to carry ont any act of the executive which is illegal, as # proper occasion to object to its further proceeding. I further believe, that the true cause of this war lies deeper than has been alluded to by any gentleman who has pre- eeded me. I believe, sir, that the cause of this war is for the extension of human slavery, aiid any other cause is, in my opinion, foreign from the truth, This fact, sir, is evident from the whole history of the country im relation to the annexation of Texas. But, sir, the men who are at the head of the government, openly and plainly avowed the object. They were, I will in substance say, men of no bigher principle than a set of politicians, which we have at the present day, who avow themselves Northern men with Southern principles. To show this, sir, [ will osk that the docu ment which I hold ia my hand, may*be read. [Here were letters of Duff Green of August 22d, 1943, read by the Seoretary.] Here, sir, you wililobrerve that a scheme w: onhand The writer of this letter says that it was e project to send some fanatical Abolitionists of the North to tamper with the institutions of the South. He says that the establishment ofa government forbidding slavery would bes most unhappy result. I thought, sir, when I read it first that the werd unhappy was a mistake of the printer, but I have read several copies and it is still uchappy. What, sir, {sthis? Tho establishment of a free government forbidding slavery, is o fact filled with the most unhappy results. This, sir, is the language of the American government. What language is thie’? It is fall of import to Massachusetts and to New Hampshire. Was it fur this thatthe Puritans left slavery at home, and sought freedom here? Was it for the erection of slavery that they fled from country to country, from Holland to America ’ Was it for this that the May Flower sailed? No, sir, no such purpose. This, sir, was the object of the the cause of the war; it being done when Texas was at war with Mexico, ‘The President, in his message of the Sth of May, and in his several messages since then, uses the words “this war commenced by the act of Mexico.” It ishis favorite phrase. He bas informed Congress of it fourteen times; always “this war was the ‘act of Mexico.” [thas become. the only phrase of the President. It has become « part of his religion; and he will listen to nothing else. But no such thing. Sir, the sending of an armed force to the very utmost bounds of its claimed territory, was the immediate cause of the war. And this, sir, is known to the President. He was as firm, sir,and positive, in his assertion that the whole of He said co,in bis lngugurel mesrage | beard him when be delivered ila Inaugural, sanding ould the drippings of that storm, reminding the people Peat our ttle to Cregen war “eleoy ond Waquestions. Die.” And how very young ® man he was, [heard him tell the people; and, sir, 1 expected every moment to hear him sey, “you would scarcely expect one of my age to speak in public, ow the stage.” But, sir, he did not come to that; although he was loud in bis pro- testations of our title to Oregon up to 54 40, and he maintained it most strenuously. His friends kept | up the ery, and “ down east” one legislature went 60 far | as to advocate our title up to 64 49. Did he then,.sir, | send our army up to 6440, to hold thatline? Did he | gend trcozs there to maintain our title? No, sir; be- cause he knew that would bs a cause of war, and that | Great Britain would ccnsider it as such. I now turn, sir, to the consideration of the papers and documents which have been printed. 1 will read first the letters of the President to General Herrera, informing him that he had sent Mr. Slidell to Mexico. That letter, sir, is bc- foreushere. I willreadit. [The letter was then read | by Mr. H.] Listen to the conclusion of it: “I pray God | tobave youin his holy keeping. Your friend, Jas. K. | Polk.” Whata pass! A pious President! He prays | for his enemies; he commends him te God and his holy | keeping ; but for fear that God should not hear the | prayer, he sends Gen’l. Taylor to the Rio, Grande, to keep | him from crossing it. You have heard the honeyed | words with which he addressed President Herrera, while five months previously he had ordered Gen’l. Taylor to advance to the Rio Grande. Wkat hypocracy! Sir, if I had this Mexican war before twelve men, good and true, the first witness! would call would be the President of the l/nited States; for no witness, having faith in his story, would repeat it over unnecessarily fourteen timeee This obstinacy, in asserting that “the war was by the act of Mexico,” isstrange, and, to my mind, shows tbat there must be some doubt of its truth at home; but the President, in his meseage of the present year, calls upon Congress to vote him men and money to aid him in car- rying out @ war, which he now says, Congress had de- clared to have been begun by “the act of Mexico.” But I have been informed that many Senators voted against it under protest. The news had reached us of the critical position of Gen. Taylor, and we were in- duced to send him aid to extricate him. The war was forgotten; all its consequences were lost sight of ; Con- gress listened only to the calls of human sympathy, and they voted men and money for that purpose only. They never meant, sir, that Mexico should be conquered. The President in his message this year, tells us not that his object is to conquer a part of Mexico, but that he has no intention of prosecuting it toa complete con- quest of that country. But we can put no faith in this assertion. He says his object is to conquer a peace;” end in carrying out that conquest of a peace, he re- quires, immediately, a part of the territory of that na- tion. He asks of us an increase of the army, to aid him inthis; and the next year he will tell us, that you voted him men and means to carry on the war, and will ask you for what purpose. He will tell you that you gave him an army to go to Mexico, not to stand with folded arms, and perform sentry duty; but you meant they should lay waste that conntry, burn her cities, ravish and despoil her towns and villages, everywhere where that army treads, and to write his mame inthe blool of her slaughtered inhabitants. This is what the President will say next year, when, perhaps you will call upon him forthe peace. In our schools the sast, we had a practice of requiring that boys should not only spell words, but that. they also should give their definitions. The Hon. Senator from Kentucky, (Mr: Crittenden) a few days ago, said he preferred volunteers to regulars. I, sir, oppose both. I will vote against an jnorease of the army in any way. If there be any force not included in the term regulars or volunteers, then I will vote against that force. I will lend vo aid tothe farther prosecution of this war. I think I can seean object in view, in having regulars, instead of volunteers ; it isto make war upon the tea and coffee pots of New England. The President wants a war tax upon tes and coffee; and if the Senator from Kentucky will only look alittle further through bis glasses, he will see it too. Sir, what will be the result of this wat? No onecan tell. The President goes fer a peace ; but will he obtain it by means of this war? It appears to me sir, that perhaps ‘he President wishes to deal with Mexico, like Aberdeen did with him, in regard to the Oregon Terri- tory. That islikely what he does want. The President, sir, is very brave when we have a weak and disabled foe; but, sir, when we were in danger with a war with England, he was very meek. Unfortunately, he did not get the blessing which the holy word promi- ses the meek, for the verse is, “ blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the land.’ He was meek, but he lost the land. The President, sir, did not, on that occasion, display his patriotism and courage which is now 0 vio- lent. He blustered and bragged, but I think he had read of— “That stormy joy which warriors feel, In foemen worthy of their steel.”” ‘Why, sir, on that oocasion, the President, after agitating the country by his declarations of title to the whole of Oregon, backed out of !it when the hour came, and left the matter to the Senate; and, that too, after refusing en offer of arbitration, upon the ground that to arbitrate admitted s doubt of our title. I refer to this subject, sir, Decause it was a part of our democracy atthe east. We had gone for 54 40; and.as[ bave said, in the ardor of our patriotiem, we had got over the line, and were ready to go for 54 49. But the letter of the President to Mr Packenham, informing him of the determination of the President to abide the resolution of the Senate, came upon us likeathunderbolt. I listened, few days ago, to the speech of the Hon Senator from South Carolina (Mr. Calhoun.) with great pleasure, and, I hope, with profit, too. But, though no man estimates more highly than I do his wisdom and his ability as a statesman, I must say I can ace nothing in his resolutions. I would like to see them passed, however, but I must confess, | can see neither virtue nor utility inthem. They, in my judgment, smount to nothing. I thank the Senate for the patience with which they have listened tome. I rose to per™ form my duty. It had been charged, that all who opposed the war were wanting in patriotism to their country. I rose to give expression to my views. This charge re- minds me of the remark of a western man, who sald, “I went against the last war, and it made me unpopular; now I would go for this war, and for all wars; yes, even for war, pestilence and famine.” This, sir, is the case with some. Why should Senators, who are opposed to the war, lend their ald for it? Is it for popularity? I hope not, sir. We are writing the history of our times. We are placing upon record the footeteps of our course, from time to eternity. Whither do they tend, and where will they lead us? Shall those who are tocome after us—those whe are to fill our places—are they, I , to find them pointing to liberty and happiness, or shall they find them but monuments of guilt, pointing to the paths leading to pit falls and sin? These are questions which are full of meaning at the present day Ask the histery of nations, who have been swallowed up in the vortex of ruin, whether they did not reap what they sowed? It seems to me that there is a high light coming down upon us from the history of ages, and that the lesson it tenches and the truth it expresses, are con- tained in the word retribution. If we escape from the evils which have fallen upon all nations, which Mave been engaged in slavery and war, then we will be an exception, and it will be the first. 1 would ask thore who are now writing history, to turn back to the days when was sung the song of jubilee— when the first dawn of the advent of a God anda Sa} viour broke upon the gaze of man—and let them tell us whether any nation that sowed slavery and war ever reaped apything but ruin and shame. ‘Shall we, sir, find peace and prosperity in following that course, wherein al! other nations have been ruined? No, sir; | but they will find in the history of the past, and it will b+ seen at the far distant fature, this great truth, that whateoever the nation shall sow, the same shall they reap. I again thank the Senate for their attention, and will not trespass farther upon their time. But I have a word to say in a matter personal to myself. I may be | charged with fanaticism; I wish to show, that if | it be so, | bave authority for my course, democratic authority, in the State of New York. We have had | two organs of the democratic party; and it was ques. | tioned which played the best music. They were both | patriotic, and for sometime differed; but at length they | were united, They had an annexation of the two | rs. From their paper I will read an extract, which | 8, “That the democrats of the free States are the | | men most favorable to freedom, and to the abolition o flavery.”’ This, sir, is Now York democracy, about twelve months old. | have now discharged an unplea- tant duty. | can assure the Senate that | have no dispo- sition to be here, in this body, as an Ishmaclite, with my | hand against everybody, and everybody's hand against | | the steamer Union, House of Representatives. ‘Wasuinoron, Jan. 6, 1648. ‘The House convened at the appointed hour, and after the transaction of some unimportant business, resumed the consideration of the special order of the day, THE SOUTHERN MAIL ARRANGEMENT. On motion of Mr, Joes, the House wentinto Commit- tee of the Whole, Mr. Smith, of Indiana, in the chair and took up the resolution for renewing the late Southern mail arrangement with the Richmond and Fredericksburg cempany. This gavo rise to a warm and animated debate. Mr. Jones addressed the committee, and was followed by Messrs. Murphy, Mead, and Brown, of Penn. ADDITIONAL VOLUNTEERS, Before Mr Brows had concluded, the committee rose to receive a message from the Senate, announcing the passage of the bill to encourage volunteering. On motion, the House again went into Committee o f the Whole. Mr. Rgows having concluded, on motion of Mr. Stan- tov, the committee rose and a resolution was adopted, closing the debate in committee, at helf-past two. ‘The debate was renewed, in committee, by Mr. Goo- ain, who spoke till the hour fixed for closing the debate; when the Chair decided that Mr. Goggin had, under the rules, a right to finish his hour, as he had reported the resolution, Mr. Tompson, of Mississippi, appealed from this de- cision. M: sers. Thompson, C.J. Ingersoll, Stanton, Sims, Gog- gin, Botts, Stewart, of Michigan, and others, discussed the question. On motion of Mr. Stewart, the committee rose with- out deciding the appeal, and the chairman reported that they had come to no conclusion on the resolution. The Sreaxen said he was in doubt whether or not it was his duty to rule the report out of order, as the House had determined that the debate in committee closed at half-past two. Some explanations were made by Mr. Cons, of Georgia, in which the Speaker acquiesced, when Mr, Stewart, of Michigan, moved to reconsider the vote closing the de- bate. A discussion ensued between Messrs. Schenck, Smith, of Indiana, Gentry, and others, on the proper construc- tion of the rule, when, on motion of Mr. Cobb, ef Georgia, the House adjourned. Exe.utive ression. ‘Wasurna ton, Jan. 6, 1848, The Senate in Executive Session, this afternoon, con- firmed the re-nomination of Mr. Keim,as Marshal of the Eastern District of Penn., and of Arnold Plummer, ef the Western District, in place of Mr. Hower, appointed Postmaster at New Orleans. They also confirmed a large number of army promotions. LEGISLA’ URE OF NEW YORK. Axsany, Jan. 6, 1948. Senate. a A bill was reported relative to State Engineer and Surveyor. It was referred to the Canal committee. Mr. Boxxx presented a bill to authorize the city of Brooklyn to raise money to pay certain claims. Mr. Cornweut brought ina bill to form manufacturing also relative to fees and compensation of County Clerks. Mr. Boxer Jaid on the table Mr. Clay’s Lexington re- solutions, and stated that he should call them up soon. In exeoutive session, the Governor nominated David H. {bel for Canal appraiser. Roderick White was con- firmed as Notary Public,and Robert Geer as Superin- tendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs. Adjourned. Assembiy. Committee on Elections, Messrs. Raymond, Pruyn, Myers, and Buck. W.8. SmitH presented petitions to increase the num- ber of harbor masters at New York, and to abolish capi- tal punishment. é Mr. Cross presented a bill to appoint a Superintend- ent of Schools at Brooklyn. Mr. Mracn presented a bill for the creation of addi- tional Coroners for New York city. Mr, Bowrr called up a resolution relutive to the war portion of the mersage. He endorsed it fally, and called on the House to adopt it forthwith, and teach certsin leaders their duty to the country. Mr. Bowen moved to refer to a committee the whole of the Governor's message, when it could be dis- cussed. Carried. Adjourned. Girl Murdered near Albany, &c. Arnany, Jan 6, 1845, The body of a German girl, 17 years old, has been found under a bridge, near the Patroon’s, this afternoon. She is supposed to have been enticed away by some boys, and then murdered. Deceased was » poor girl, who had obtained a living by peddling apples. ‘There is considerable ice in the river. The western mail is too late to send on the news, From the South, Prreresvna, January 6, 1848, The overland express has arrived, and brings New Orleans dates of the 3ist. They, however, contain no Mexican news.” Sympathy for Italy. Puruaperenta, Jan, 6th, 1848, A large and enthusiastic meeting took place thiseven- ing, at the Chinese Museum, to sympathise with Pope Pius 1X, in his enlightened and philanthropic endeavors to ameliorate the civil and political condition of Italy. John R. Kane, Eeq , presided; and there were nominated for Vice Presidents a large number of our most influen- tial and intelligent citizens. Robert Tyiex presented a series of resolutions, which were adopted unanimously, closing with « brilliant speech. Messrs. Stokes and others likewise addressed the as. semblage, which at a seasonable hour adjourned. The Maracts. New Onveans, Deo. 31, 1847.—Cotton—Sales of mid- dling at 65,863. Sugar—There were sales of fair at 33035. Molasses was sold at 17 @ 1730. Flouris dull. Freights—A ship was taken for Trieste to load with cutton at one and quarter. Excharge—There is a better demand for foreiga bills. Cincinnati, Jan, 6.—The money market continues tight, and business very dull. Flour—F! was no change in prices, and sales were moderate at $4 75. Wheat was dull at 950 a $1 for good Ohio. Corn—Sales ‘were made to a moderate extent, for good mixed and yellow, at 28.8 30, Oats were selling at 330. Hogs—mo- te making at $2 50. Bacon—Sides were ; new hams and shoulders were dull. Whis- key was better, and sales of reotified were made at 19 a 200. Freights were easier. Weather colder, and river falling slowly. Barimone, Jan, 6.—Fiour—The market was dull, and sales were small of Howard street at $6. 500 bbls city mills sold at $6 12}. Wheat—Sales of-5000 bushelg were made, including Maryland reds, at 180c, and whit do at 1405. Corn—Sales of 10,000 bushels were made,in- cluding Maryland white and mixed.at 55c, and yellow do at 680, Provisions—Nochange. Whiskey was inactive. Weather some colder. Aunany, Jan. 6, 1848.—Flour and grain no change. Large sales of hogs at $525. Weather very cold. Boston, January 6.—Flour—The market was some- what firm, and sales of 600 barrels were made, in- cluding Genesee, Oswego, with some small lots o Southern, at $6 3734 a $6 50. Corn—BSales of 7,000 bushels were mad», including Western mixed at 730, and yellow do. 770. Onte—Sales of 1,000 bushels were made at 580, Rye—The market was leas firm, and sales of 300 # 400 bushels, at 92¢. Provisions were dull.— Freights, no change Shipping Ini New Onveans, Dec 31—Arr shi fanchester, Smith, and Margaret, Gare, New York. Cld ship Richard Alsop, do; biig Charles, Phuadelphia. Se A Teveara sat.—Gov. Young's mes- sage was telegraphed from Albany to thie city, on Tuesday, on one wire, in about eight hours. The labor at Albany was wholly performed by | Mr. Johnson, an operator, in the office at that end of the line. Mr. J. did not leave his chair for seven hours. The message contained 12,000 words, dr about 72,000 letters, requiring over 288,000 manipulations.. From such data, the conclusion is easily arrived at, that this was an extraordinary manual performance. After having oh files, to lr the particalars of bas ont; as eae fess on 2 of November, with terrible gate, on b~ pu. Oe ‘of Bretagne, and that she put beck to Cherbourg, on the Ist ult., at two o'clock inthe afternoon, making only two declmeters of water per hour, We find, uiso, in our Paris exchanges, a not co ineerted by M. M. Herould and de Handel, on the 14th ult., as follows: ‘Persons having sent goods by the steamer Union to New York, are requested to meet at looked over ow! # me. I bave but simply expressed my convictions; and if | anything I have sald hasin the least been offensive to any Senator, I asture him, from the bottom of my heart, | that I Intended no such course. ‘The ayes and nays were ordered on the passage of the | bill, when | Mr Jounson, of Maryland moved that the Senate ad- | | journ, with a view to reply to Mr. Hale, but, at the sugges | Son of Mr, ) withdrew it, for the purpose of going into | | gn exvoutive semton; when, after m short time spent | “herein, the Henate adjowrned over to Monday, | mnisfortuno of the steamer Union, the office of the French steamers, 7 Rue d’Antin, at one o'clock, on the 14th, to hear # vory interesting eommu- nication.” We learn, also, by private correspondence, that the a8 put the inst touch on the bed luck of that live; aud, it is said positively, | that the last departure of thes steamers will be that of the Missouri, on the 234 01 December. The verrele ‘will then be eubmitted to thorough rep , after whieh, they will again return to their regular trips, in May, 1843. it is auld, too, in pubiio, thet che company intend to abrogote, if possibie, ite eoptract with the governs aah os the Vessels ar ted for the requited sere