The New York Herald Newspaper, December 10, 1847, Page 6

ue h proper ly oat ear. pete | aia tigas, 1 rae price of tent D 1 valas, because the former would fail my bose. woo were the leastable to bear it, pot ths wealthy. who areven te woul as aap 6 Hive itwould bring orem begiiaiig with the lowest, “ig © wou'd x aoa d to 1» OF, + cvat aud applied ad valorem co all dweilings, and it ed \la-gerrevesue thaa th: anti-ad valyrem specific jo'lars apoa f most citinens pu chasing any ercatly av vanced pri one of -he products of its own che labor of other nations ng nation would certaialy receiv, easnries of life in exch ra, and in this mani vii hoes, ke» and artintes of amp . Phead lorem dacy i Va wr of ineacticle, t'e'valae, the form whieh ofall others | m revenue. Porhaps the mst nerfeet model of au anti ad valo- Tem tiff, wes thatot New Mexico, by which aducy of 85.0 tmp sed on exch wagon load of goods introdaced there, pect.ve of their value Ph>’ wrev: aegann imoorts the b lau ‘ specie into the evmatry ‘he »ut -proveetivs commerce is chiefl 7 ba exchange of imports for exports, god Cat 1s diminishing imports we will necessarily decresse exports in quanaty or price, or both; that, if we purchase vg we will sell more exports in exchange. pace, and that, ifecommerce is profitable, we large balanee of trade in owe fa 0 arts of peeve, aud that the polite o ed exchange of our own for foreign products chef th: nation. ‘Phe f-rmer piotective tariffs dio 816 18M, 188 i verven:d, fro ai tuffs, Ul third cotton, and the fat reatricted the tufts tor she sugar of the second, aud for the cotton o| turd. it would ceitainly get less sagar aud cotton in exch: for its breadstufls, than other uatious, which encouraged anges ‘L-bor, then, uataxey and worestricted in all havges and markets, will certainly reee.ve mn exchang large amount of the prodacis of labor anu cousequently mutate wealth mo ¢ rapidly, than whea He marke’ ous. hie tly upou the wages of labor, an axiomatic ruth, that ail Cure: ‘Oue of the mosc common errors 1s to cc: eof spscie, W dif there are more su lauce of trade ii ¢ tu the nation. From 1790 to the spec! ive of » feverat hn Yet, our wealth has inereased wil fe theory, therefore, is dispersed by obvious, of which the following are nt: 1he products of our whe fahr- it will som become ‘bor and much lost by an proves the fallsey of this pos period, our impo ts domectic exports ¢1 hions of dolla unp: ecedente fiets, aad the reasous whet the ree F om the vegion’ng ¢f 1821 until the commencement say (om the 30th September, 1842. u tat July, ° he imports of specie over the exp a CR iy eet Co ilar the e ‘compromise act of 1833 and the annul ig the tari vapedit xeon years of high! cthe eleven ye rs of parted by Bo Lo aweil unfavorable balance Pp hans our products, do not appear im the ed exteator often against uw ships from Boston a cargo of AC Line, a8 AD EXPOTt, at at ve: Coleen, apd sella it as an advane of the exports of specie f $3 851 652, as the result of protection. And iia the succeeding tea Years of comparatively low $46.291,090, or at the rate of $4 629,409 per snoum; fruhe slgle year unde’ the new tariff. a gain of $22 213 = thus exhioiting & Wu Of specie in the years of low as compar th to a 5 ncury , + most rapidly by the mains of trade, a liberal commercial policy. Let us now ree un lerthe same eyeles of tree trade acd protection, whether Stist ue, as contended. by our oppon hat our domestic ports .re not diminished by the restrictive system. ‘Tne records of the home 10 specie, o1 hs probabiy sells here at ofits inay never appear tauee nuder the theory, if, Krdm 1021 to 1832, bot under da aggiegute of our exports of domestic products, exclusive o} $63,197,527, or at the sate of $54 429,791 per a Krom 30th ‘September, 1842, to 30th June, 184 991,500, or at the rate of $91,347,875 per annam; making a Kuregate during these syxteen years of high duties of or at the rat f $64,409 314 rannum, v0) -Beptemb Lital of these exports was $956,168,288, or at $9) 676.026 per annum, and in the year ending sth 571,14; miking in the eleven years of I te of $1,106 743,132, or at the rate of $100, gain under the rate of yy other nati June, 1847, not contended, great as the futar low 7 per auowm under low as compared with high di Having thus shown, both as to specie and domestic exports, th> great geinin years of low as compared high duties, tet us bow compare the low doty and high duty cycles as to our ta reign and Coastwise. Du: inhteen years of low duties from 1789 to 1807, our ti Fessed at the rate of 29 41-100 per ceat per a nui 1832 to 1812 at the rate of 4 53-100 per cent pei duties, and of course induce | gle year. | Law ‘ ‘This isa new commerei ug at thi red ction or repeal of dui canals to bring the nage, during tariffs, tra berg ives! Now under high 1d 30-100 per cent, im, and fe le among nati The . the construction of railroads and products and fab, ics of a.) nations from the mterior upon the sea-board with ocean steamers, in addition to sailing veasels to facivita exchange, and with Chiva, containing nearl: D_pulation of the gl: be. brought at le i changes a . was occasioned s merxe t by the war between France and England, the ‘oble whach is taken from the ds_of the’Treasnry shows 19 to the close of 17:2, immediately preceding whieh was dectared early in 1793, oar tonnage in- ne high’ rate of 60 16-100 per cent perannum when England were at peace, before the era of steam of Louisiana and the du dof the Mex-ean Gulf to the nav aod when on: flag was unk owu on the great lakes of the Northwest, The great in- »n fo mutall times under low duties. ani deprested fh duties during the whole peried uf fifty-eignt years n is and there are very points where coal and lime and ir: id other materi not be brought together for sofitable use in the sat ta b= Hishment. There are many farms and manafactories, whv'se produets and fabrics could coal aud jroo of Pegnsy!t remaiued alinost a Gasless tressure.” This, in change in favor of our domestic mdustey, and protection to all the produets and fabri than any restriction which may be imposed by lispenses even with the pretext for any policy, which, when the internal comm ation bas brought fabrics upon the seaboard would arrest fur the produetions of the werld. cannet encounter forei. many cou) deny urged, however, t may have decreased, yutw more than equivalent to the lovs of our foreign trede. It tis were so, it would be exhibited m the augmen cing our lakes and coast as well as of course, augmenting in the ry were the fe som our gullaut navy unust be retained within our bors under the prote. tion of :heir forts and ordoau not venture upon the ocean 'o meet on equaltterms, gun, and man for man,Athe*naviesy of the wi our country is inferior and cannot meet ‘upon equal terms, the products and fabri shar should prem and shrink fiom tl cnn only assume the positon of an strength uncer free trade or low duiies. and -ucceeded, and have thereby placed our own industry upon that which fears no competition. aotour strength, until it had been tred by low dat proved that protection is unnecessary, We are nol to other nations in th upon the ocean or factures, or navigation h and at a lower pri ith, more ferti sun more to th xemption from ec internal taxation: at least ‘equal ') perseverance, and invent inte Iiigent, an better and free lividual + rosperity, and ca; than in other pation. in ports: Now, under i 10 1832 was at the’ rate of 1m. 1842 to 1646 6 45 1.0 per Thus we' see an immense incrense lander compared wich Inch duties of the coastwise ton- proving that the paralysis +f foreiga commerce re- subiliy from the restricuve system, affects ipjariously the market and ths trade between the States, and fur a demonstrative proof that whether we look at Cr abroad, we prog.ess more rasidly under policy | As the foreign duties, (the tables priv) ao did # ‘as the foreign tonnage declir ed. 20 also tonn wes aud dur.ng the hiwh duties from 1816 to 1832, whilst the foreigu tounaye actu dy decreused m_ that of the coustwise tonnage only increnset! im. Yet, during that ought to have bees ome and abroad, of other nations, P. otection may ounter, but we al by try “aPhis we have done, 150-100 per cent per xt d, toe increase of the coastwise ¢. inc uding as it did ‘the era troduction of a vast extent upon the rivers of tite West, as also worm the Northwest, and the openiag of phe great cana: eutions, al 1g in n greater rati ve quire no protection bee pose upon the »mmovab! x advancing, as we are, more rapidi: all the elements of wealth and power ; tonnage and specie has been alread: ceed tnowe of any other country. and the at the creditor cit New Re commerce of the ti commerce, and y, predicted in mm 1m of the commerce o she poss: sses more natural advan augmenting wealth and business than aay other city. Let us ructions which high tariffs have erected magnificent bor :.let her have free scope to de- 1 advantages, and she must erce, where international isbn f — ar , the great regulator of id the birometer of the exchanges of the eo time. is: aprroachiog when a bull. w New York will bring e higher premium than.» any otrer city, and Ww tribute of mili lars paid by usto other by them to rium. ) averag® report ana provisions was much larger in the yreara Wf h duties, especially considering tive d,that our toral exp was of the value 0} $81,071 §43 ; and dvtring w tic prodace, exclusive of cotcon, was $530 411,134 our exports of domestic produce, exclusive of cotton, at the r from 1799 to 1807, of $29,467, sk at imports or exports, the gai onuage constwise oF forein, the coinage at the: port of breadstnffs and provisions, the Fee population, ax | well few Orleaos, the principal of the mighty West, end many other cities: they will all be amallindeed compared with the masses of the people of the Union, who will go on augmenting in a corresponding ratio, st'll leaving an immense wajority of the nation emsaged in agricultaral pursuits, and sup.'lying with their product not ouly our own markets, but those of other nations, in an ever increasing ratio, by recipro cal exuhange: ide or low duties. Although it must gratify all our’ people chat a A ity shouls become the centre of universal commer not be limuted to that place, but all the d states of the Union will eel the favorable effect of this great revolu- tion. Every branch of our indust vigorated, aml fore gn cn Ni Onl the toanage foreign and coastwise, ‘hand all of these cases is greater under low are not aguments merely, have un fosmly maintainea the same position 'Sumparing the fst twelve months coding the Ist of Decem- ber, 117, auder the new tariff, with peeceding years, we find proofs f increased prosperity. The revenue mented ; have the umnports, exports sad tonnage, our a jak at their pleasure, and us thev now do, in every direction, manulactories are oe | may not be whi extablished or eularged, cud new mneufaeturing towns-ant es are springing into existence. Even the revulsion in gland, which produces such disasters to all our “rent iaterests, including cotton, this year, with t ombined, effects nothing, thus fur, compared years, batthe great staple of cotton, ‘Instead of prosperity, the manufnetarers ree workmen augmented wages and e: ire 1: greater demand and bringin of the tariff of 1812, yet they can ‘augmented pri attributed emporium of universal ‘coanmerce 3 would have beew with ang foreign city ocenpy manding po Th never accomplish, if mmere SUrv, inatend of seek- for its prod: thowsrnd millions of peopl confined to twenty: on and surrenders without an effort, th : of the world. liberal commercial policy is essential to the iulfilment of this great. destiny of New York, and of the Uaion, but x qthe Uiyon itself, the fre and o1 rest nd iron prices than before derive no portion broad, to which i ; but which net to pay balance: whieh has, for the tim which is the only brief e prosperity. If, as is truly the ense, ‘with the mines, the forest and fisheries, owe agriculture, com: jon are more prosperous and, re augmented, why should we change the ‘The predi Je new tariil are nec grand results. Upon few ia number, at how ‘with them, hope be mi Wonmey, by, nen free trad pidly throughout the world, shall we retro- vite Great Britain to re-enact her cora I a from her ports our breadstuffs And now, when under o ‘Europe ate most probsbiy being moi to all our exports, shall we check the advascing age, aod extinguish the dawning light of comme Every nations are roused, up their statesmen are resistin posing the injury will soon enroll ternat onal league for the ben mankind. It was our own country, and her public function- who proclaimed these great trughs before they had re- the, sanction of other nations, Our great movement coune ls, was quoted as a precedent in the legislation, where American free trade docu: orded among their archives, and ove doetri ed, and example followed, by the repeal of the Brit and the reduction or repeal of other duties »por i conceded by some of our revolution, the frami Louisiana, Florida, area, prodacts am ulation, our triumphs ii we must be blied to tne the ports of idely opened iit of t ny, al freedom? country ¢ nations of the w K. J. WALKER Seeretary of the Treasury. ir greatand ha: Centre of attraction for all th upon trade, avd ‘on the grei THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HON, JAMES Y. MASON THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Navy Derantotent, Deo, 6, 1847, Sin—By the ast of Congress of June 17th, 1941, « penoe establishment was adopted, authorizing the em- ployment in the navy of seven thousand five hundred Petty offcers. seamen, landsmen sad boys. By the sot of August 10, 1846, it was increased to ten thousand, with @ direction, that on the conclusion of the existing war with Mexico, the number should be reduced to seven thousand five huadred. During the pest year, it is not believed that more than eight thousand men have been, at any onetime in servios ‘The honor of the flag, th safety and efficiency of ships of war, require th shall not go to nea, without the crews allowed ee regul ation fixing their respective eomple- ments, The difficulty of enlistments for the naval servic caused mainly by the extraordinary activity in the me cantile marino, the high rate of freights, and the conse: quent increase of seamen’s wages, has summation or contemplated arrangement ployment of cruisers on several stations. and the increase of our naval forces ia the Gulf and on the Pacific In the month of April lsat, orders were sent to Commo- dore Read, to detach a sloop from the African rquadron and send her to the Mediterranean. In obedience to this order, the Marion, commander Simonds, reached Gibraltar in July. The steamer Pripoeton, commander Engle, sailed from Philadelphia in June, for that sea. In August the revenue cutter Taney, liewtenant command- ing C_G. Hunter, temporarily transferred by the Trea- sury Department, sailed from New York with the same destinations, and there is no doubt that Commodore Read, in the frigate |/nited St ter, haa, in obedience to his orders, assumed the commend of the navel force Mediterrangan: (he measures for (be collection jn the Meditorrapean Fen of this foree for (he protection Of Cur commerce, wa aries, ceived " id, it did not actnally en- ire, the repeal of the British com laws. With such results ndy from our efforts, we have every moti f ddisenthral the coumerce of the world, ‘What may we not hope from gar efforts with other nations, if they have succeeded ia G. That country, so long toe balwark of protection, applying it by asliding scale upon sses of her people down to the utmost point of haman endur ace, has at length overcome the errors of co isthe highest evideuce of real greatness, “ by cherished policy of his life only because he fuund it to be ariona to his country, = wortes in the support of commer- truly ® Rusia, Germany, A Ved, H band, and Belgiam, L China, have moved, or are vi Sovor of the same great principle if our owa country and t Britain adhere to their preseot enlighteae4 policy. the f "*,srorld must lose their commerce, or adopt, as they ed the con- ely rich incon! and mons for * eo4! and iron poor forth on: her beeadstuffs and ebuud i market, her agi aiture, commerce, her manufac. d navies ation, her mivers, farmers, mer aod sutfacturers aud and. above ail, her ty every pursuit of indus- ish inerensed pr ¥. rise up in fivor of the new aud more liberal commercial policy; ane hi by unprecedented, largest in the counties where her wa iron a0 most abound, recall their former verdict 1a protection; and Pennsylvania becomes the very of the arc if commercial freedom, whic!) m ahabii, au « tho pr Commerce 9 an pacha of prod oh restrie- ort PI bead- Mexico,— measure: ac bor is restricted 1a 16 the profi of the | mast complete succesn Tris thus clear that a tex or re- 2 featr ctioa oF tax upon labor, aad pare - our domestic exports, excla- set down asso A single fact resent have exceeded our mil- and most | nda: ry, when | ‘any quarter. exception of | and eccu: ita, | have reesived the most sutiafactory re- ports from our navaloommanders in globe, that our commerce has not there is the Carm pted measures 01 inconsistent with the spirit of the age, resorted to as s means of revenue with # certain re- | sultof untold avait |e The activity of the vessels sent to the Mediterranean, bas removed ail apprehension, even in that sea; and the has attended the measures of pre- caution were adopted. It gives me great satisfac- tiom to state, that the honorable fidelity with which Spain has executed ber tresty stipulations with us, has apalis disappointed the lawless persons within her do- ions, who may have be: ‘alapcesdi to nonage ake tempting offers of Mexico. Daring the past year, the squadron Africa, under command of Commodcre Read, has been ectively and successfully employed in the humane duty of suppressing the ala . It is not known that a vessel, with American papers, has escaped seizure, where tid | there was just reason to suspect that she was engaged, or | intended for employment in the violation of our laws, or the dishonor of our flag. In the month of September, trom Norfolk, in the sloep Jamestown, to relieve Commo- dore Read in the command of the squadron on that sta- tion. The necessity of sending the Marion and the United States to the Mediterranean, and the return of pate, commander Pope, to the United jaced the squadron below the force which aged, by the treaty of Washington, to maintain on that station. But preparations are in progress, and near completion, to supply the deficiency. It is contemplated by the department, as a anent arrangement, to maintain a squadron in the rmanent depot has been made in ‘anean, since we were required to withdraw our stores from Mahon. For the present, the squadron will be supplied by means of store-ships sent from the United States. In the month of the%ship Obio, captain String- sailed fro: York for Riode Janeiro. 5 d, as rs. Mr. Tod, the Minister to Brazil, ‘and his Secretary of Legation, with their families, and arrived there in August, ‘The Ohio, on her way to form a part Nionarper whos she wes divested fo proce November, when she was tion. On her arrival at Rio, Commodore Rousseau Gapiain Stringhera, an ne mente, Fela: Seoret of Legation, as passengers. Storer sclled in the frigate Brandywine, in the month of September for Rio, to relleve Captain Stringham, and assume the duties of the command which Commodore Rousseau had honerably discharged, and of which he ‘was relieved at his own request, ‘he brig Bainbridge, Lieutenant Commanding Wil- and is undergoing repairs 5 squadron on the coast of Brazil, consists of the frigate Brandywine and brig Per- . The steamer Alleghany, Lieutenant Commandant Ww. ‘W. Hunter, will proceed to that station so soon as she can be fitted tor sea. The presence of that station, is peculiarly important und cumstances. American whale ships, ward voyage, have long been in the certain ports of Brasil cargoesfor necessary these porta are not o notice has recently given that these laws will be rigidly enforced. Such course will be seriously inju- rious to our commerce, unless timely warning can be mn to those who may not, otherwise be informed of Jur N penalti ‘this se At the date of my lest annual report, the squadron on the coast of China, consisted ot the Columbus, Captain Wyman, and the Viocennes, Captain Paulding, under the command of Commodore Biddle. In the month of July, 1846, he visited Jeddo Bay with both ships, and invite consideration on the part of the Ja- panese government of our desire for friendly comme! cial intercourse, Notwithstanding the prudence an: discretion with which he made the overt not prevail on the government to relax th f| which Japan is closed to the trade of the world, with the exception of the limited privilege ac- corded to the Dutch, to send one or two small vessceln annually from Batavia to |. Our sq was treated with kindn and its wants sup- plied, but no one was permitted to land, and to the offer of friendly interoourse.the unchangable answer was, “go away, and do not come back any more.” Although Japan hes not yet opened her to our enterprising countrymen, the rapid extension of trade with Chins with ite manifest advantages, can hardly fail to exert a favorable influence with the Japanese, and yet add hers to the ports of distant nations, in which American ship- ping muy safely enter, and American enterprise find a liberal and profitable traffic. The orders irom this department of the 6th of Janu- ary, 1846, did not reach Com. Biddle until he arrived at Lima,on the 3ist of December. He had met the Inde- pendence, bearing the pennant of Com. Shubricg at Val- paraiso, who proceeded to Monterey, arriving on the 224 day of January, 1847. om. Biddle arrived in the Columbus on the 2d day of March, 1847, and assumed the chief command. The equadron then consisted of the Columbus, 74, Indepen- dence; rasee frigates Congress and Savannah; sloops Portsmouth, Levant, Cyane, Warren and Preble; store ships Erle, Lexington, and Southampton, and the armed echooner Malek Adhel, which had captured from the enemy. The Savannah and Levant have returned home, each having been absent nearly four years, and Gapt. Geisinger left the United States only in November, with orders to take the command of the frigate Congress and proceed to Ehios. ped give protection to our com- Com. Biddle is supposed to have sailed from teaen. om. his return to United States on the 26th of July isst, and may be expected at home early in the spring. Com. Shubrick, om whom the command devolved, on Com. Biddle’s leaving the station, has, at his request, received permission to return home on the arrival of Com. P. Ap Catesby Jones, who left the United States early in November to join the Ohio, 74, at Valparaiso, and will, probably, relieve Com. Shubrick in the month of March or April'next. Com. Stockton, on his being relieved by Com. Shucrick, availed himself of the per- mission given by the department, and has returned to the United States by the overland route. In my last report, [ had the honor to inform you, that “on the 22d of August, 1846, the forces of the United States, under Com. Stockton, had entered the Cindad de |, los Angelos, that our flag was flying at every commind- ing position, and that California was in the undisputed military possession of the, United States.” Supposing that the war in California was ended, Com. Stockton was actively concerting measures for the prosecution of the war on other parts of the enemy’s coast and territo- ry, when in violation of their parole, the Mexican leaders in California, on the 23d of September, renewed hosti- lities, and in consequence of the small number which could be detailed to garrison the places occupied by our forces, gained some partial advantag. of December, the Commodore, with about six hundred officers and men, from the ships Congress, Savannah, Portsmouth and Cyane, in co-operation with Brigadier General Kearny, with about sixty men of the lst dra- goons and about fifty mounted riflemen, San Diago for the capital of the Californias. After a march ef one hundred and forty miles, they met the ene- my at the Rio San Gabriel, on the 8th of January, and drove him ins most gallant manner from a strong and advantageous position, and after another encouster onthe 9th with a similar result, the enemy was driven from the field, and our forces entered the Ciudad de los Angelos without further resistance. By these energetic measures, the insurrection was quelled, and, by a subse- quent capitulation, all hostilitivs in California ceased, and have not been since renewed. In this unprece. dented march of the sailors, of more than one hundred ‘nd fifty miles ioland, aod in their severe encounters with the enemy, they are reported to have vied with their brethren of the army in steady discipline and daring courage. They ha: in the emergencies in which the country was placed before the arrival ot troops, served in the most creditable manner, as infan- try, artillery, and dragoons. From the latest despato! received from the squadron, I am happy to state that everything was tranquil in Upper and Lower California the military ponsession complete and undisturbed, trade carried on without interruption, and the civil government in successful operation. { feel authorized to express the contident belief, that Mazatian, San Blas, and Acapulco have, before this time, been captured by Gom Shubrick, and are held by the squadron under Kis command, open to to the trade of neutrals under the same conditions as other Mexican ports in the military oocupation ot the United States. These measures, with the blockade of Guaymas, will effectually exclude from the west coast of Mexico all contraband trade. With a view to mask the contemplated combined attack on Vera Cruz and the Castle, orders were given, in October 1846, to Com. Connor, commanding our | naval forces in the Gulf of Mexico, to capture and | occupy Tampico. These orders gallantly executed in November following, and preparations were made with the greatest activity to enable the navy to have |its proper part in this interesting military operation Bomb-ketches and steamers were purchased around and sent forward ; the ship of the line Ohio, destined for the Pacido, wrs ordered to the Gulf; the sloops Ger- mantown, Saratoga, and Decatur were fitted and sent down, and all the necessary means at the command of ment were put in requisition to make the co- the naval force ay efficient as possible. | cannot exaggerate my admiration of the conduct of the of every grade, who, waiving all privileges of rank and considerations of personal comfort, eagerly | sooght service in the expedition, and of the gallantry with which their duty was performed by those who were so fortunate as to receive orders for the service. | The combined operations were conducted with the high. t ity of Very Cruz, with ed with more than fi thousand mem, armed with more than 400 canno: after resistance of barely five days, capitulated with « total loss to the assailants cf twelve killed, of whom six belonged to the navy and six othe army, The entire operation, from the landing of the troops; which was effected from the ships of war, to the surrender of the lace, brought the army and navy into the closest con- t, and the cou: nd ekill displayed were not mire honorable to both than the perf-ct harmony which pre- Med. The conduct of the officers and men of the uadro», whether on shipboard or in the battery on shore, received from the army the highest commenda- tion; while the former enthusiastically pplauded the gallantry and skill of their more fort (he army. On the 2let day of Mareh, Com, Conner, wh been in (ommend ¢f the heme equade ® had ip fF move than @ beathren of | P tile of the Mexican ied by our naval forces. he to these results, the serv! eve jwarter of the the boot melested, and foes f | tude,the officers and wen met and overcome: ‘and still bold these Lorene Sagge except the city of Tobasco, which was veins xs 1d because of e under his command have been subjected, Uslities have beenexhibited by the sq Pacific and the Gulf, which give assurani navy would bave covered itself with the same laurels, with whioh s grateful country will crown our armies, if the same opportunity of dis ed service had been (eroit and romaulsc Keuerosity evuuced by many of, them ‘wheu in the most imminent peril, an noble efforts made iosavethom by the uficersaud chews of war, auchored in view Te haratforded me the highest tinction to ‘and presented to an at eign ships of war who so gallantly, and at the Musineut peril of their lives, nided in rescuiug froin a watery we, many of the officers and crew of the Uaued states brig une: be prepared and presented. jaring the past season, 1 regret to state sickness has pre vailed with mach violence in the Gulf Squadroa, and at the by ournmaval forces along the Man} and men have fallen under the ravages of fe- ‘urce of great satisfaction that the number o| all in proportion to the number of crses of and of fever of o her inalignant type. of suffered gieater proportionate joss than dical orps ofthe navy. sbeir heroic devution to their p:o- fessi nai duties hax received, as it deser: grateful commendation of their commandin; tneer skill «<ntion rescued from de fallen victims to the disease of the seas: respectiu!l that the increme of the commended e Bureau of ber of sur- in the accom. medicine and Under your direction, the instr ut have enjoined on the command has be; ciated by prescribed aud enforced by the officers, Occupation, was far below the onerous’ du by th ‘But there was a want of uniformity, and by your athe mouth of March. last, a system was digested atthe orces, ad id by oar Jand, pred jificatious have ent working of the from the law of nat plac b) 1s Without auy allowance for the service, 1 Teapectfully suggest that the of 1812 be so xed as to wien to pe '@ performing thi: nt on inci it Lo: collected by pplied, under the diree- mmanding officer, to the uses of the squadr No returns have been received from the Pacific ; those re- ctived from the Gulf of Mexico, show an amount of between collected, but they do not employment gi jest. In the Gulf of Mexico, the squadron has captared of steamers ia boats of light draft, suitable for e the rivers the coast, which were valued and tal service by the comunding officer, ‘approbati the department |’ istribution as to our own naviguting in- night of | a perfect title without 't has been arranged to the Dist 1 d it juris desiraple to avoid, as they are usefully employed iv the squadron ‘ihe yaiaation was terested American squadron, to detach prit States by the long voy tthe a ven that in no case will the [spree s of the court 1 have been transmit- rf ry, and the establishment of Courts with Admiralty jurisdiction would seem to be highly important, fur the settlement of the ano difficult questions which often occur in such ca- deem the subject of sufficient importance to transmit with this report extracts of despsteres from tis departmentto the manding officers of the Squadrcn in the Pueific, on the sub- ject of the law of blockade. By Ajoint resolution of Corgress approved on_the 3d of March last, authority was given t» the Secretary of the Navy “to place at the disposal of Captain George C. DeKay, o} w the U.8.ship Macedonian, for the urpose of trans- porting to the fa nishing poor of Ireland and Scotlandsuch con- tributions as may be made for their relief ; and to place at the disposal of Ceptain Robert B Forbes, of Boston, the &. atcop of war Jamestown, forthe like purpose.” “There superadded an alternative authority to despatch said upon thi foresaid as public ships, if in the opinion of the #ecretary of the Navy, the public interest would be bet- ter subserved. ‘The h navigators named in th~ joint rexolutions respectively, aud each having p-rformed sts m atisfactory condition. ‘F ented to the world, of nevolence, relievi reign power, WI could not avert, war, fuinishing from its surplus ing fsm’shing nations abroad. 7 T was not of opinion that the public interests would be bet- ter subserved by sending the Macedonian and the Jamestown on the service required us public ships. ‘I'he department could not procure the crews necessary for the public ser ing protection to our commerce, and in the p war. And, I may be permitted to add, that tary offering of the peop'e of the United with gratitude by the anff7s,and with hei ments of thanks, by high funetiona ment ; while the relief. a0 gracefal ontributed to promove affectionate feelin; ‘hips were placed at the disposal of the experienced h in of the Navy Apyro 4 ons, actof the 3d of March last, ten thousand doilars have heen paid on his requititions to Uriah Brown. On the lith day of October, own informed the Department hi it to insp ction an experiment of the if officers was order- edto a ¢ honor to transini a communication from Mr Brown 1 made, of which 1m ayare, to teat the practical ntibty ef the shot proof amship of hs iayen- _. The appropr exh the experi liquid fire, and I have no such information as to th on which he proposes to mae shot proof steamship. ng an Opinion, or directing =pegim te not my opinion that the intereat of the States « promoted by adopting the int of nvtional defence. Thave the houor to present, several Bureanx of Construction, Ordnance end Hydrography. of stons and Cloching, and of Medicine and Surxery. mates um detail forthe several branches of the na’ forthe next ey are bas pending the : s allowed by law, and a number of vers ission requiring their ‘These reports preveut « gratifying exhiast of te condition the public works and of the K i¢ property subject to the control and direction of the Department--sna th 5 mates have been prepa'ed and revised with a careful di ask for nothing which is not necessary to the public I respectfully ask the favorable considerauon of tions made by the ex, head fthe bureau. 3 The gross amount estimated for, is ten mei dred sixty-five thousand, eight hundred and twee: ars. ‘The amount appropriated for the current fiscal year 1s $10. 5263510 ‘The estimates now presented include av item of $1 200,000, to complete the four war steamers, authorized by the act of the 3d of March Inst, an inci of the appropris: tion wader the head of contingent eunmerated, and three hues dred and fifty thousand dollars for the proseention of the work onthe dry dock at New York. The reesons for these avpro- priat ons are given in the reports, and, | presume, will be satis factory. There are other objecus estimated for, re man incousiderable h seem to me to be necessary for the efficieut ublic duties devolved on the Department. O pa made for the current year, the onexpented balances, will, withou. doubt, prove adequ to ali the wouts of these: I deem it not mpeOPE the expenditures oft mencement of ( ‘on the employmen ugRes rience’, able and faithfal officers at the te to the occasiog, as illustrating Navy Department since the com- Mexican war, to ‘resent, a comparative i tures for the three last Ot payee gent, “surgeons? ne nated the variable approp of expenditure, during the war, per od in time Of peace. This comparison ex ibits the ollowing result :-— Available aggregate. 6.15449) 78 6 564.46 62 7,961,733 48 for increnss ind ariog the d forty-five thousand one huvdred en paid fur fifteen vessels, Xtamers,intach ouers. rf suitable diate of water, id sent to the Gulf of Mexico. tue at of the 3d Macch For Year ending Jane 30, 1815... 186. 8 Aud of tt cur past year, three hundred a and seventy-five doliers have b: storeship: 1817, measures were taken fur oui hey ace in x couras of rapid ¢,nateuction. 4 ge and machinery were adopted on the report of « mixe rs, constructors and engineers, and I have wil coustitate a mos: valuable accession ty tonn no toed the ves: tothe navy. i ‘Dy the srfue net contracts were authorized for the transpor titi_n of the mail in steamers between New York and Liver: ol. pou New Vork aad New Orleans, snd from flayqua aot Boe these two routes we be, at} the low Of LP Quntract, was adap! by rapowul heretolere subunived (9 ihe Fi aad th fey |, by Messrs. Col!ins and Mloo vely. The con- tracts with these geatlemen have been eatoredi into, as directed by law, embrecing concit ons by which the steamers are to constructed unde mach | Mexioac stimu sardonat} tobe tranoported exter instbam mm 1 or gabes Wveasela.es eeiltcdeemes woe practicable and ex- ‘The Department did uot fiud any specific direction in regard to this contvact, as tu persons to be employed, prices to or the duration of the contract. P oposals i Tese! 1 Ceemed most favorable, and to propose their owa terms as to the duration of the cou+ract. the rateot compensation, and the deseript:on of vessel in which itory, was determined on as the ute, with » right of changing it the law was construed to re- from one poins to the otner with- three thousand miles the Indian tribes, ard thelr relation towards the United st ‘The following Mat of papers accompany the re- port: Report of the Adjutant General. qrepports of the various battles since Buens Viste, in- usive. Orders | instructions regulating contributions in ports. Reports ot Commissary General, General, Chief Engineer, Chief of Topogra ial Engiaceae Chet of Ordnance, Commissioner of Pensions, Commissione® of Indian Affairs, and second and third Auditors. Affairs of Switzerland. The sitting of the Diet at Berne, on the 20th of Oct, opened with the reading of a petition from 16C0 of the Catholic inhabitants of Geneva, ex, the horror they felt at the war against thelr covrligionists The jet then jed to read the following proclamation to the cantons. hich, after'a shore discussion, wasadopt- ed unanimously : PROCLAMATION. nd x, “ The Federal Diet to the Cantonal Authorities, and to ding: on the Facil the i ing, on the Pacific const, Cor gpa the indiapecsable fuel nd de pots for coal, induced tract, which hos been adopted by the Post Ofhes Depsrmaeet, for its Leow mail contracts. But to gw ranch of exceeding the autnori o ire the vessels in Oe- mir of the "yeur in ae “ight of ce mamencenent of t omen jce stipulated. ‘The aanual compensation une To fk Crltine. oA. G.sto0 o to the coutractors, | respectfully suggest, that in meki ion, Congress will dee! its spproval of wo, has b opted, and whether the reserved power of ang the contract sha'l be exercised. | regard them as favorsble comtracts aud the establishi of Tegner and speedy cities and dt haye cordially co-o} veral hives of steamer stipulated by these contracts. Thi aew vessels will be constructed skilful manner, which may be used as war steamers, and will be available for aatioual purpose: contract is made with this deparumei ments will be made from th e treasury, on bil od here, ualess otherwise it may be * qaer ther the Jaw sufficiently provides for the regulation and cnl- lection of postages by she post office department, and how far such receipts would applica to the payment of these etfally sabmit th: legal ion from the super: Paid Into the t#xsury Otaervatory, When th ‘imates were submitted and appropri ations le, it was not foreseen that these duties, amounting to two thoussnd two hundred and seventy me dollirs and twenty cents, woald vechargesble. I recommend that Comgress direct that they be refunded. js ; At the Ii clause was inserted in the Navy Appropr: Svaerintent - servatory should be» captain, comraander, or nd while performing duty as such, his aunual pay three thor sand doilars. lu the form in which the act worded, that the accounting offic ‘aueerrain to whom should pass an exp! ander the la duty pay as ¢ Trew) tmend that the clerical error be corrected, nnd that salary fr allowed #4 was intended, commencing with the present seal dl, this provision is so in of the treasury deemed it plied, aud recommended that Congress been made sehool about ninety mundi ‘unquestionably net very er tage ‘The exami- uations, w! ate} there madi al before in the servic je which determine in physical le: toa skilful and act ‘of the act of March 3d, 1945, men to be from the States and ter- been high ini terest tlelt by the whole coun et some time before the ircegularit . “T fsa pe number members of the H. 1 id tht the restrictions imposed b as 1843, by which the number of midshipmen to xutherize an increase jipmen, sh it may be entitked. is en the establi chment of equa! ion of m.dshipmen «Cases bave P. e ‘of those who have fallen in battle, which confirmed the opin on thatit would bee wise and just to give the authority r inmy last report to sppoiut one hipman oat of eight or ten, at large, irrespective ofactaal residence Thave the houcr to present the estimates for the maine- f arine corps Under the provisions of the act of March last, the additional officers authorized. were appointed, and the recruiting service has been actively perforwed. The full aumber of privates aushorized bs law, has eated whether, beew was promp! it forws bla on the Ist of August. ey. with the highest honor aud Guplayed the qualities Iu the brilliant operations in. the of th rea conspicuous part, and Chapultepec, amovgst the glorious dead who fell in defending their eouutry’s honor, was Mojor Twikgs, th cond in command of the battalio . Wi sent fo the main army at performed their dati of veter he rm guished car dcrrchment, left his command of Mexico, ed heh i 98 the Gulfand the Pasific, avd e most favorable consideration of Congress. ursements of movey and supplies in the navy, 'y its results. The pur- chases are made on fair competition, and the duty of distribu board, and of accounting to the department by the is performed with great re,ularity and ac: y. Thi i ow established for dis amal ‘Pursers, aud it has sometimes. in the proseeuti e enemy, that the commander was stores. While there has: ot rv happens y being held the delivery of which the: i the parainount duty a urely sstisfied that it ¢ ce officers, to impose on them the duties of Purser. appointment of tweive Assistant Pursers, with a salary of e thousand doll 6 ppointments, pro i grade of Purser, and ther xpert cquived and qualifications exhibited, n the inf-rior Id add wreatiy to the usefaluess of the officer when red to perform more responsible d ties. 1 \jurious 19 the discipline of the service, oflicer of a vessel should stand in the be made t tween him a e the and the author of the man becomes discontented under a y there is no one to redress. 1, therefore, respreifully recommend that authority be Pian) to appoint, by_warrant, twelve Assistant Pursers inthe Na " mi taken by ths Department, in execution of the 38 authorising the jon of Floatiog Dry ope at Kittery aud Pensij- will be made the subjeetof a special renort. J. ¥. MABON. To the Parsivent. OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. It appears by this document, which is of great length, that the whole military force At present employed un- der this government, number With General : f 0. now on rvute, and on the line from Vera Crus to headquarters. . 92.156 With General Taylor... rr a In Santa We, on the Oregon and Sante Fe routes, and fa the Indiaa territory 3,634 In California sad on route thithe 1.019 ase ‘Tho actual strength, it appears, i +h Joss than this amount, but the number not in act! rvice cannot be precisely ascertained. The Secretary advises that the present organization be completed by enlistments, An enlistment of 7,381 is necessary to complete the regular organization, and to complete that of the volunteer force an cplistment of 12,600, to serve during the war. There appesrs to be now in eervice a numerical force of 23 re- imeuts,7 battalions, and 33 companies not organized into regiments or battalions. The most important action recommended is the imme- diate organization of ten additional regiments of regu- lars, to serve during the war; and he also asks authority to avcept, in cage of exieency, the services of a volunteer force of not Iss than 20000. Tne Seoretary states he bas no means of ascertainiug the amount of revenue that can be collected in Mexico. The total amount al- ready collected in Mexican ports, amounts to $530,810 46 Of this sum, there has been banded over to the Commissary Department... ... + 499722 33 + $92,088 13 Remaining, . His further recommendatio Payment of expenses of States, porting, and eubsisting volunteers. clan of Texas to such compensation ) The formation of a retired het. ‘An appropriation for repair, &o., of the public de- fences alocg the seaboard and northern lin An increase it the engineer force. ‘The appointment of six additional hospital surgeons. An appropriation for the payment of additional clerks employed by the department, to furnirh discharged sol- diers with scrip and certificates of location. ynsion tor the widows and children of those dying in active service (no such provision jag, trans- for ae apeoitive the (t now exists by l Such a modification of the pension law as to place the widows and children of offivers avd soldiers of tho regu- lar army on the game footing with thon of volunteer#, with regard to pension. The Becestory repute On Wie pe Hat eomditien ef ‘the People of the Cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyts, Unterwalden, Zug, Fribourg and Valais— Faithful and dear Confederates—T! situation of our country, otherwise so happy, is grave, and of a na- ture to inspire serious inquietud vision which reigns among the contuderates threatens to trouble the peace. Anxious with respect to the duty which is im- posed upon it, that of maintaining the interlor safety of the confederation, and penetrated with the sincere desire of preserving the peace of the country, the Diet feels the necessity of addressing g you some frank and benevolent words-- words of con-federal friendsbip. A clear disposition of the federal pact, the 4tb arti- cle is to the effect— The cantons cannot form among themselves bonds prejudicial to the nation, nor to the rights of the other cantons.’ Nevertheless, the govern- ments of the high States of Lucerne, Uri, Sohwytz, Un- terwalden, Zug, Fribourg and Valais, have tormed among themselves @ private alliance, which, since it has come to the knowledge of the other States. has very pro- perly caased numerous and vivid apprehensions. Alter frequent and mature deliberations ia the coun- cils of the cantons, and in the federal assemblies, the Diet has pronounced that that alliance which makes the rights and duties regulated in the same manoer for all the cantons by common compact, the object of a separate compact, and imposes on some cantons the o! tions which in some circumetances are incompatible with those which they to fulfil towards the confederation—the Diet, we nny, has pronounced that thet alliance is,con- rary to the not equivooal letter, as well as to the sense and the spirit of the feders) pact. Im fact, an alliance which places the contingent of troops of the ountons which form part of the allianee,un- der the orders of a private council of war, supplied with full powers, and withdraws m thus from the federal authority, is prejudicial to the first interests, and injures the rights of the other cant An alliance wh! ac- cording to the declarations of some of the seven States is thus directed against the Diet itself, and gunizes beforehand an armed re- , cannot continue to exist in the general confederation, and by the side of it, without Placing in. great peril the interior security of the confe- deration, and without producing ths dissolution of the common bond which unites the confederates. Tt is on this account soot eee resolution of the 20th of July last, ‘the Diet has declared that separate alliance pel Lae creat bp with the pact, and consequently dis- ved. The supremo federal authority to which the pact attri- butes exclusively ight of coming to decisions, has, therefore, pronounced. ‘I'his decision must be respected, by all the States, without which anarchy will take pos- session in the confederation of the place of right. Nevertheless, the resolution of the Diet has not yet been recognised by the cantons against whioh it is direot- ed. Persons hai m gono so far as to declare, in the Diet, that they ( tance to every attempt to put it in exeouti that object, they for a long time past, have extraordinary military presarations. The Diet cannot tolerat out destroying bly, without breaking the force of the legitimate I~ ee and without sacrificing the honor of the cont tion. We connot and will not yet admit that you, faithful and dear confederates, should persist in a position irre- conciliable with your federal duties, after we have frank- ly exposed to you the veritable intentions of our resolu- tion of the 20th ef July, as that should be between con- federates and brothers. ‘Want of confidence, and fears devoid of foundation, alone could have led you into the path which you have hitherto followed. . You fear a davger for the oharters and liberties which you inherit from your fathers, for yeur future toe in the federal alliance, for your faith, your re- jon. ‘But we give you the solemn assurance that in- tention of rmilitating against these most precious benefits are far removed'from us. They ought to remain invio- late as being your sanctuary. How could the federal au- thority reconcile the design of doing an injustive to the confederates, an injustice to the co-estates, whioh, for the greater part, beiong to the most ancien} members of our alliance ? pression ‘The federal diet does not wish either the eRe of the confederates, nor the destruction of the sove- reignty of the cantons, nor the violent upsetting of the cantonal institutions, nor an unitary government, nor tbe violation of your rights or your liberties, nor to your religion. Jt wishes rather to accord to all cantons, and loyally, the protection which they have » right to elaim from their co-states against unjust at- tacks inthe manner that the di and the ob- ject of the oommon alliance It ig on this account, our conf: selene that tions whieh i we oall upon you to which, notwithstanding contains are in harmony with the common alliance, is not necessary, but which, on the hope pei is inad- missible im the federal Jaw, on account of all that it oon- Do ‘nat forget that ouch separate llianoes are already ‘0 not ferget that such separa! are contrary to the meaning and the spirit of the most an- cient treaties between the coafederates. The actual compact guarantees to you a sufficient protection to your rights. Do not then, in a posi- tion which saps the foun e federal rights, divides the confederat two inimical eamps, thus compromises from without our independence and our liberties. You know now the motives which have induced us to adopt our resolution. Federal representatives, whom, according to ancient usage, we dolegate to go amongst you, will expose more fully thege motives in tl se of the present procia- mation. Receive thi Usten with confidence to you; weigh wellthe grave responsibility which you ss- sume upon your heads if you continue to take no notice of resolutions founded on the not equivoeal terms of the pact, or of the benevolent notice given to you by the supreme federal authority ‘he consequences that s erance in such # posi- tion may draw upon you end the whole country are in- calculable It depends yet upon you to avoid them — Take resolutions such as your federal duties aad the peace and honor of the confederation, as well as of own cantons, require of you. What we wish is ol to the law, the maintenance of the interior seourity of the confederation, and order. Faithful and dear confederatet Rite us fraternally your hands to attain this end, wi is prescribed to us by the daties which we have sworn to tuifll. May God preserve and protect our dear country !”” The following instructions to the delegates to the States of the Sonderbund were ‘hen agreed to :— “The Diet decrees that the federal representatives who shall be sent to the cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Sohwyts, Unterwald, Zug, Friburg, and Valais, in virtue of the cision of the 18th of October of the present year, b+ charged to demand from the goveramenis of these cantons—1 That the proclamation adopted in the sit- ting of this day be immediately rendered public. 2— That, on the other side, the authority charged to give instructions to the deputies at the Diet be convoked with the briefest poesible delay. ‘The federal representatives have, in addition, as in- structions, to support by their representations the con- tents of that proclamation in presence of that authority, or in presence of the landegemeinde, if convoked with- out delay, after publicity has been given ¢o the Papert mation, and in general to act in the spirit of the said proclamation with the authorities to whom they shall have access. nally, they are charged to forward with all hast their reports to the Diet. one of the two representatives could not or should not aceept the mission, the present mandate is binding und obiigatory on the other. ~The members of the committee r. , J MUNZINGEN, Naeff, Dr. KERN, LUVINI, H. DRUKY.” ptellige..ce, Locomotives have b-en placed uyon the Concord and Montreal Railroad, for the traneportation of rails from the terminus in Concord upwards, as taney are wanted, and to facilitate business genoral The railroad iron in thy Alabama, wreck ys since on Cohasset rook, belonged to this road,and not to the Concord road. as was first said It was fully insured Contracts for building this road as faras Vlymouth, N. H, have been clossd—the whole work to be completed before the first day of October next We shall celebrate the open- ing of this most important railroad to the Conneticut river before the lapse of another year.—Haverhitl N. H. True Democrat, At n meeting in Warren, Ohio, called a few days since to disousa the subject of the construction of « railroad from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, it was shown that an ad- vautase of 20 miles in favor of the Philadelphia mer- chan, would result from the construction of tbls roa A meeting of the citi of Alabama has been called in favor of # railroad from that city to the Ohio river. ‘They say that they must keep pace with the spirit of the times. ixecrTion or Lawnenor Tearny, at Easton, Pa.—A short time before the eondemned crimi- nal was ex cuted. he was thus addressed by the Rev. Mr. Reardon ; * You know, Larry, that your only hope of ealvation depends upon your telling the truth; you surely can never enter heaven with o falsehood upon yourlips? The prisoner replied: “I know that, alr, und [ have no other desire than to tell the truth ; | ean dvclare volemnly, before my great Judge, that am en- tire y Inn: canvof the death of my poor wife.’ His dyin, dress was then put on him and at ten minutes betore 1 o'clock, he was led fcom his cell to the gallows, He sa- cended to the platform with @ firm and manly step, s0- companied by the reverend gentiemea who attended bim. ‘The usual ceremony was performed by the cler- gyman, when the prisoner turned to the crowd and sald OGeatiomen, as L expect shortly to sppear before my God, Loan deolare before God and man, that | am cent of theorime for which [am to suffer’ I forgive all who harmed me—may God have mercy on my soal! The cord was then cut, and poor Larry was launched into eternity, He died an extremely easy death, havin, sbown signs of lite ouly four minut! {ver the fall. never struggled: but three twitches of his shoulders, gud all was over. | saw the prisoner an hour before bis death, end spent some time with him, in the presence 0 his clergyman. !iia demeanor was perfeotly calm ene) rreapondence af Pennryleantnn, — smacnae