The New York Herald Newspaper, July 12, 1847, Page 1

Vol. XI. No, 100~"Whole No. 4787, THE N E< TABLISHMENT, Morth-vest corner of Fulton and Nassua sts. iAMES GORDON ENNETT, PROPRIETOR. CIRCULATION --FOATY THOUSAND. DALLY HERALD—Kvery day, Prive 2 cents par copy—® Py vayable advance,’ ATER D very Sanirday—Price 6 Pe 47.60) nt rig Price 6% cents per copy—85 per annum including fe beiteeHise: ena emg ANNUAL {ICTORIAL BERALD Papllsbed 8 the 1UTIScMENES, seth wack prices—always cash (he Fropeietr wil sr be responsible fr ble in advance. i id feaie bg Wes Glea ePenne 6 Barge Yard, ications by mail, addressed to the 1 vnuee be port pity of the postase will be de the ambesvintias mobwe vomnittee French family, n with brenkfast 1 v7 str T) LET—To single gentlemen, veral handsome. taguiseed rooms, ittvede Api at Go. 6 Wihietreet_JV7 Stee -- ¥Oit SALE, O c FOR CITY | ERPY,—-Prop jleasant village of Libert ee ye eroeny citar rive Duvelling House, 38X00, ‘highly finished, with a, good cellar, Car- Se ee ems d god ‘Als, a good bara, 30X38, with Wood aud smoke houses, velit ie ‘door apples, cherries, currents, 8c. Price for the "Als, {acres of land, 7 acres of timber, 7 of clear land, all Stole to James B. Burr, any Wednesday, from A.M. to LP. Mon Thursday, tll'1 PB. M., on other'days at the New Read D roadway and Maiden York Real Kstate Company, comer of Broadway and Maid jel0 20t4m: PAVELIO! 3 RIGHTON, Staten Isiand.— ‘che peeprietor bees 1 inform hie feuds and the public, rable alterations qnd improve the last seasou. He has erect- ing thirty-three rooms, altogether e main body of the pavilion. ae ‘ded for gentlemen only; they are of a comforta- ble size, light, aud well ventilated, and superior in all respects to those generally denominated single rooms in the various Witering places chroughoutthe country. 4 ¥ with families or parties addressed to he bropalatan. is n0w ney sat a wial season. Kino atthe City Hotel, Droadway, will receive immediate at- es {ieamboat rans between New York and New Brighton, at following hours, viz>— Ky ighton—At 8 and 11 A. M,and 2 and 5:20P M. Krom pler’Nect North diver New VorkenAo-A- ML and if M, and 344, 5.and 6 P. M., and thore frequem communications " Qunigr Rngoneae Aron New Began a8 A.M, 1, j= From Ni at 9A. M.,2 and6 P.M. fhe P Papel ts tgp reception of Company, ¥ story he at FOR SALE very convent Soul ye tion is on high gcouud, and withiu walk of several churches aud the private de Gentlemen residing at Elizabethtown can be in yotN. York by the? o'clock train or bow by halGpast eight o'clock, and couveyadoes by boat and railroad frequently through the dav. ‘The house coutains nine rooms, aud a milk aud wash room and every cuuvenieuce. . 8. T. E. Williamso Bey particulars, apply to Mrs. 8. T. xh roe pad ‘Un SALLE OR TO (fib of ground, yleasaatl the Upper Quarantine ley, di aivibalay septiseiie cok tha emth side, frontin outer bay. i nee o! the von, arith an sou rait, TO eee Mee BULKLEY, 161 haltonse $2000 to loan on bond and mortgage. Apply as above. iy!0 Treod*re == EW YORK HERALD | *=” *o7<gupuenus Raunger comrany NA DAY, JU: WE i0th, 1847, the 0 Cars will Tua es follows, until further ;xouce, Up trains ; “4 PS a paket aie Tucksh oe Pleasantville, 500 A, Willis Bree Hart's aud -Newenstle ; 30 A, ML White Plus “ y* y ha i 4 P.M 3 PM. 590" 4 530 630 Now York will eayece yarn. il "ge. -kahoe, AM. G4) A.M 7 30-A,M. ‘ 759° * gag Fo 53 55 SeasZ conse vetaooown 430 PM. it C Us will not stop. m New Yan icaad exer at Broome’ sret ana Bil ret, A ot will precede each train ten minutes, to up passen, rs in i from Croton Balls will not stop vetnsen Whe Psing a New York, emtevt at Fuck: foe twe ite Wylliam’s tbat Sn’ Susdays to Harlem and Morrisinua, if s\ae ea yoy Croton Falls my Weaune, and for Paws ¢ Mahopack and. =i ete T clock A Me ‘rival of the To'cloek A.M, ings ow artival OA TUE SOL NEW TORK 10 Croton Walls... + $1.00 fo Whitlickvill are ‘o Newcastle... % Pl ville Ps + Se ‘o ite Lr 5 ease Freight trains leave City Hall at i2 M. and at7 P.M. Reena re drones Rallast ACS and 9 PML jeB thre TO TRAVELLERS GOING SOUTH. ABLiZ LINE TO FREDz.- harleston, 8. C. med that, iF leaves Wossusteoe suses wi vB OP, M., eet eee} Bay an Jem Hire ; ica cand Old Point Comfort, sare advised tr hereby advertised is part 1 of the reat Mail Line ‘through a; and that the intention of the companies composing the Great Mal tht passengers shall be conveyed by them, in connec- tir the Fowbattas, alwayens abeably: ax’ bie any, othe: dition and certainty, than by is Washington. ti fine, and with more corto any other line, except the lin particular furth rs, in at the Suuthern Railroad of- fice, 1 rate t ‘Balt ekton & Fall, or at th Commerce st wharf; or, on board the Powhattan, of |. B— Travellers by the ab they have two hours more in Baltimore than passengers b the Chesapeake Bay aud James River Boats, and yet reac huy point south of Petersburg at the same time with these last, even when there is no breach of connexion by the Bay Line. MILL AND WATER POWER FOR SALE—To he sold by public auetion, at the Merchants’ Exchan New York, ou the 16th July. next, at 12 M., by Halliday Muller, auctioneers, (if not previously sold at private Hes) a lease, hiving about four years to rua, of six acres of aud in the town of Springfield, Kesex county, New Jersey. ‘The nd is in five cal ivation, planted with eoru and potatoes, aud avple, pearand eherry trees of the best quality. | Pher with valuable machinery, aw exce!leat Power aud overshot wheel. ‘I'he mil! is now used us a paper mill, bat has been used as a grist mill, having a good rua of and ix well adapted for either purpose. Also, well.ng House. For further wire of MORTIMER DE MOTLE, counsel Broadway. New York. je" TO FOREIGN GENTLemM+N United States, or others, desirous of manent Coantry Residence in Peuusylvania— i ated in Montgomery e water Feieiceters en- Hor at law, 192 (os Jje23 end taj ‘arriving an the rehasing & pere sub- i heat, rye, Indian corn aud hay, equal to soy an ace tg uci aguante” On ermeen ba da 3 pandth atached. 15 foot wide, extendjug the length of the he 5 a large piazza on the aceommodation atiou for « fam sure grounds surrounding the evergreens, and very beauti farm three ‘stone houses for farmers or tenants, ' three large stone barns, ders etree aud conveniences for a haudred bead of cattle, r the sturage of tons of produce, with coach house, wagon house, granary and com cribs attached. There are alsu the advantages of a fine s) house, ice house, fish pond, a garden of stocked with the finest fruit, green honse und g Stren of spring water in every field, a daily mail, the Philadelphia and New York papers of the same day are d, id an omuibus passing the gate morning and te vicinity are Episcopal, Lutheran and ch me Further description is unnecessary, as all persons wishing to aire aus ave iavited. to call aud ezemiae the estater Tt may Roweve be added, that for beauty, healthful sitastion, a alvratae, iia not surpassed by any ithe Usited States ie ‘well also to. mention the ppriee, which is $220 tere. “Apply to” “GEORGE sHEAFE, Whitemard ‘aw *rre Montgomery Ce THE LY INDEPENDENT, Jieares er aad cones preeable medicine of in Dr. De wittt C. Kellinger’s Tntailibte Liniment " aavers i ly used by the medical aud country. It eradicates mation, extracts fire, terimmediately.. Only ove teasp Sit terfelt will be paid loravery fet fe paid for every fail Soording py anectea ‘Put up ia large bottles, s0'that all we jo use it; it lays all the other reme- ‘on the shelf, after they get oue trial of this trul# wonder: pazable compound—it is oaly about three cents Cause and the propriety -of all the stage pro} York city, the Harlem Railroad, and other large companies, ether with our best and most distinguished horse traivers ing down all other remedies used by many of i will use this alt= elre. It cau be ob- . of 8. Ingersol & 90 John $ 0, No 230 Pearl street, removed from from Witham Kellinger, at Williemsburgh, at Gr a4 Street Ferry; of Mr. Kyle, Hi ‘Ka City Hull Park, New York city; and atthe druggists, store keepers, saddlers, and t-verns throughout the city and coun rally. Distributing Ageuts are wanted from all parts tates, to whom large profits will begiven. We expeuses of all who may come from a distance to we fail to satisfy their most sanguine expectay truly wonderful carative effects unoa selling merchants of every respectable on, do well to calion us, it will not id few. Theretore, an treat w'th w: tons in relation to, i main class and denomi: 5 be confined to any privi hoarts and souls fasnvone ; them, can profitably. assist in e face of the whole inhal mast | All letters mast bi re WITT C KELLINGER, Principal Agent, Manufacturer, at Yonkers, Westchester county, New York. v8 ateod * ere HARPS, 281 BROAUWAY —J. F. Bau Wine, and importer, invites the attention of dmi- ms of this delightful instrament to the very elegant fection he has now on sale, com; some of the most Solon tity, finished, and also plain deseripti brilliant toned Double Action ii fe and siyle of finish oerta tie tone, touch, elegance iy we ied. tt aoe paired, strings, Me. “A lat of prices and forwarded per single ‘ opm oer aimee He ised cWere LOOK AT THIS—Ladies, Gentlemen, Misses and Childrea, all thst are in waut of Boots or Shor «, please call at 367 Broadway, where you will find the largest Steortmout, nud chosppeede iis exch whsteclontes imported French Boots, $5. M. CAHILL. excelled. excriptions lo _jy43meod*r a a 2 CHEAY ANU HERN BEATES WAN CANAD BY TAPSCOLT EMIGRANTS PASSENGER, LINES, ‘Office, 06 South street ,New York. The sul ibers continue to forward Emigrauts and others to all parts ee, ‘Western States and Canada, at the very WEST RATES OF PASSAGE, . by Railroad, Steamboat and Canal, to the following places, via Albany, Kochester, Buffalo aud Pitssburgh = tica, yractise, awego, 10, one re Huron, Sandusky, 08, ‘oledo, fackinaw, Milwaukie, ch hivago, otsville, ie! ou Louis, hei Bond He: Hamiltoi ‘itby, _ Finentor ‘oronto, intermediate places. Persons proceeding to BIER Cog, Coleg ont per peerage At their General Emigration Office, 86 Sor street, Yor ree Tapscott’s Emigrants’ Travelling Guide can'be had plication. free. m3 x O'CLOCK BOAT FUR POUGH- K Pate "AND KINGSTON.—The new, Pendid, and fas SANTA CLAUS, Vapt. 9. Uverbaugh, | lande aud Dey streets ever oc ay, oons, at, lock, Jana t Ci Newburgh, New Hamburgh, Milton, Hyde Park, klmore’s, and Khuebecks SUNDAY TRIP. The SANTA CLAUS aio leaves every Sanday morning, at7 o'clock, from pier as above, returning same evening? land: didi to the above places, each way, at Hammond tuvet, Rockland Lake, Van Courthd’s, Cold Sprugs and Tor farther information apply on board, or at 118 West st. up stairs. jam KEGULAK CONEY ISLAND FERRY Sunday and Daily Excursions to Fort Ha- milton and Coney Island.—The well known stenmboat AMERICAN EAGLE, Capt. George il. Power, wrillvan fegulaaly dating the season to’ Coney feand, landing ; wes “louring Causl street--Av 99% o'clock, A, M.; 125 and 34 No. tNorth River (ear the Battery)—At 10 o'clock, 4 + P.M. f (retunting)—At 11% o'clock, A.M. 24 and 6 *eloek, P. °'N: B—No boats save those belonging to the Ferry will be allowed to land at Coney Island, without a written permission rom the proprietors. st aio SLT e@ DAILY EXCURSION TO THE IAN FIELDS, HOBOKEN.—On and afte: July 1th, the steamboat PIONEKN will make regular t om Canal and Nineteenth street, rect to the Klysian ields, at Hoboken, leaving the above men- tioned places as follow: Fark Canal street, — Nineteenth street, Elysian Fields, # o'clock, 1044 o’clock, Hy ovclock, 2 13) 12 4 2! 6 3 3 4 b) aM Gs 7 jy8 \it*rh RAUUKSIONS—SULUS KiELKRY, FORT LEE, and HACKENSAC ata ing nt Tillou's Pat's ‘One, Sitting. commpdios st ts » Capt. loane Bet and HOBeAMT ANNETH, Cape, Frederick Gelonte wt pa uati further uotiee,'(touching at Hammond ‘and 19th as follows: ‘ave N. York.foot Canal st, Leave Fort Lee, Rh Se ah Monday, at 6, 8, 10..2, 3,6 Monday, 7: 6 nesday, 8 10.72, 3, ay, 334 7 6 Wednesday, 10.2, 3,6 Wasday, 38g 7. Thursday, 10..2, 3,6 BR "rsday, 33 7° i 10..2, 3,6 Friday, 334 7’ 10. .2, 3, 6 turday, 3d— 76 12. Sunday, 10,2, 3, Sunda it "8 e may be #0 much oceupied as to render itinconvenient for them to leave during basiness hours, will observe leaves New York at6 o'clock every morn- ing, returning from Fort Lee at 73¢ o'clock, thereby affording an Opportunity for a pleasant excursion without loss of time. Stages will be in readiness at Fort Lee to couvey passengers jeusack, Sundays excepted. det9 300" Fr FORSHREWSBURY, LONG BRANCH Ocean House, Jumping Point, Runsom, and Samat Landing. The steambout ED- WIN. EW, Captain Haynes, will ran a8 follows from fout ¢ de SUBSCRIBER would form his customers and the gesortment of Ly jac reapecitally 4 bite erenerally, jigses? ani asking, Slippers, begges ots ol ee low as such ar- mod ies J is - Acai ie roa manner at moderate Fg pal spe 92 Canal street. corner of ‘anater. Leave Shrewsbary. July, O'clock, M. Monday, 8 in Hi street, North River — lew Yo 12, M. ‘Tuesday, ‘clock. ¢ 13, P.M. Wednesday, 11, P.M. Th rsday, 15, BM. Bride.’ 16: . I ndiness on the arrival of ¢ to all parts of the country. FOR NEW, ORLEANS—Lonivang and New York Line of Packets.—Positively the first and only ‘ular Packet to sail Monday, ants, 12—The new Midesvrewiid that sailing, packet bark ‘CROTON, Capt Master, i 4 vow loading, and will posiuvel il as above, her regular day. “Vor (reight oF passe, having accommodations wusurpassed for splender or comfort, apply. om board, at Orleans wharf, foot of Wall street, or to ¥:. K, COLLINS, 56 South street. Positively no wil received on board after to-mom row, Maturday evening, J ly I ents in New. Orleans) John Q. Woodruff & Co. who promptly forward all poods to their addre "Packer bark Genenee Will succeed the Crown, and auil her recittnr A iva rh aye hereby caunoned m4 eee Che id of the Britis! + Captain Gi rom Liverpool, as ting will be paid by the caotai JPMeMURRAY, 49 South street. lar pack: ! a stlogad. fa all serrivety eal he absres hee selene Asa Eldri cell jar day, For freight or passage, havi ished . modatious, apply on board, at OHeans’ wari loot of Wal street, oF to E. K. COLLINS. 56 South st. ket ship SIDDONS, Capt. gerd te Moctan thd ell he 308 of Pager nid shoe One Yi folme athe atiention of ship aeators tr tins improvement ig the ste comp erely obviates, alt leu went tes ying the steeri the ordinary way gf appl ca cama fa aero | A “Aimedel 1D. — O : N ISLAND FERRY.—On and N STAT! BLATT Asie ran as follows, until LAY! At6, 8, 9, 10, 11, A. Leal At% 9 10 My AL Mi and New York April 13th." °* notice STATEN (8LAM1 5, 6, 7, P.M. W YORK eee Fignees pat 3, and at 4,5, CITIZEN'S NEW DAY LINE OF OPPOSTT! ATS Sees eh tet lth The new it 7" t WILLIAMS, Capt atx, At M, trom the plor foot of Hobinsee era ok nel past Blariant fleck pir Jobson, at the oF jee, 8 Warren comer o C7 All persons are id trusting the above couint of the owners. OFCLO! LINE A’ nV a R ALBANY AND TROY and Interme- ji He masta esdays, and Fridays, at seven we steamboat the bot Toot of i rt, ay rind ig olloce. "Meturuiog ee OP passage or freight, apply on bored, or to F. B. Hall, at : comprived of the 1 ships Rosei 4 Garrick :they were built ¢ ot micerials on the stocks, aud resalt red ry with the frames mestly live oak, locust aud cedar, salt every year sin very re- ea condition |, and nearly in } NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNING, JULY 12, 1847. THE FRENCH MAIL ——— STEAMSHIP UNION, NOW IN PORT. THE CHICAGO CONVENTION. The Grand Procession and Organization. ight, Cass The Letters of Benton, Clay, Van Buren, & uicago, July 5th, 1847. dunder an immense tent in morning » following was the programme n. ‘The Convention the public squar Previous to w of arrangement HARBO R CONVENTION, bay @ Day. Cleve llery. Other Military. Marshal Band. Mariners. Marshal. Bard. Fire Department. Mar+hal Judiolary and Civil Officers. Clergy. Mayor and Common Council. Marekfl. General Committee. Committeo ot Arrangements. Committee of Reception. Societies and Orders of Chicago. Marshal. Band. Mlinois Delegation s. The procession of escort assembled and formed as fol- lows at balf-past nine o'clock, at tite signal of a gun:— Cleveland Artillery and other Military, sailors and mari- ners in Water street, right resting on Michigan ave- nue; Fire Department in Lake street; judiciary and civil officers, clergy, Mayor and Common Council, Ex- Mayors and Committees, on Randalph street; societies and orders of Chicego,-on Washington strest; Illinois delegations, on Madison street. ‘The procession moved at 10 o'clock, at the signal of a gun, filing fnto line on Michigan avertue—passea through Monroe street to Wells—through Walls to Lake street— through Lake street to Michigan avanue, resting at the public square, to take in escort the fareign delegation— then proceed west upon Madison street to State street— north upon State to Lake street—west upon Lake to Clarke street—south upon Clarke to Public equare. ‘The foreign delegates assembled at the Public square on Michigan avenue, at 10 o'clock. In the procession of escort. they were formed by seni- ority of State. The delegations from the different States were dosignated by badges, as follows : Maine, yellow, Wisconsin, yellow, white, New Hampabire, white, and green. Vermont, green, lowa, blue, scarlet and Massachusetts, red, brown, Rhode Island, purple, Connecticut, scarlet, New York, crimson, New Jersey, pink, Maryland, lilac, Georgia, orange and lilac, Virginia, brown, Florida, yellow, drab and Pennsylvania, drab, pink Missouri, white and scarlet, Kentucky, white and green, Tennessee, crimson and yel- low, Ohio, red and whit Mississippi, purple and Indiana, brown and red. —_ Louisiana, blue and yellow, Michigan, blue and white, white, Iinois, red, white and blue, ‘he procession proceeded to the place of meeting, and the vast assemblage, then comprising about ten thou- sand people, was called to order by Wm. B. Ogden, Haq., who nominated James L. Barton. of Buffalo, as Chair- man. and A. B. Chambers of St. Louis, and Hauscrocker, of Wisconsin, as Secretaries, The blessings of Heaven were then invoked by the Rey. +| Mr. Allen, of Northampton, Mass, 8 Lyle Smith, Eeq., of Chicago, then presented several propositions to complete the primary organization of the committee, and the convention then adjourned to meet again at 4 o'clock, to hear the report of the committee to select a President and other officers, On re-assembling at 4 o'clock, the committee on officers were not prepared to report, and the Rev. Mr, Allen was called upon to address the meeting, in which he claimed the prosperity of the west as emanating almost en- tirely from his puritan neighbors. Having closed, and the committee still in dispute as to the officers and resolutions to be presented to the con- vention, loud cries were made for “Corwin,” “Corwin,” who finally took the stand and addressed the assemblage in his most happy style, and alluding, in sly wit and point, to the puritanical positions assumed by the pre- vious speaker, Some cries being made for Horace Greely, he appear- ed on the stand, and delivered a few remarks appertain- ing to the objects of the convention. ‘he committee finally returned and preseated the name of Edward H. Bates, of Missouri,as President, and some dozen Vice Presidents and Secretaries. On taking the chair the President returned thanks for the honor conferred upon him; and in allading to his own position, remarked that it was the first time in twenty years thac he had publicly interfered with the operations of go- vernment The committee, also, presented resolutions that the convention should be governed by the usual parlia- mentary proceedings; and ulso for the President tr ap- point a committee of seven, to preparean address to the propleof the United States; and a committee of two, from each State, to presont resolutions for the considera: tow of the convention. Also a committees to prepar statistics for publication; nnd another one to attend, at the next seasion of Congress, to aid in the accomplixh- mentof the objects of the convention, and to eall an- other convention if this was not effectual . These resolutions gave rise to much debate; and the secord, appointing x committee on the address, was finally laid on the table The convention remained in session until half past seven o'clock, at the time of the closing of the mail; and Lam, therefore, compelled to present you a brief sketch; but add the letters of Messrs. Benton, Wright, Casa, Van Buren, and Clay, that will be submitted to-morrow. Here they are :— The Letter from Colonel Benton St. Lours, June 20, 1847, To Messrs. Wayman, and others:— Gextiemex—in my brief note addreesed to you on my return from Jefferson, | expressed the gratification I should have felt in going with the St, Louis delegation to the Chicago Convention, and made known the reason which would prevent me from having that pleasure, The Lake and River navigation of the Great West, to Promote which the Convention is called, very early had 4 share of my attention, and I never had a doubt of the constitutionality or expediency of bringing that naviga- tion within the circle of internal improvement by the Federal government, when the object to be improved should be one of general and national importance, ‘The junction of the two great aystem of waters, which occupy so much of our country—the northern Lakes ou one hand, and the Mississippi River and its tributaries on the cther—eppeared to me to be an object ot that character, and Chicago the proper point for affecting the union; and near thirty years ago, | wrote and published articlesin » St. Louis newspaper in favor of that object, indicated, and almost accomplished by nature herself, aud wanting from man but little to couplets it. Articles in the 8t. Louls Enquirer, of A penioas, hich I then entertained, and tis “report” of a* period, published in the same paper, to the Secreta- pad ‘ar, by Messre, Graham and Phillips, in favor of that canal, (and which “report” { wrote.) was probably the first formal communication, upon authentic data, in favor of the Chicago canal. ‘These gentlemen, with Mr. Joha C. sae of Missorr, ba been a) pointed by the to run a from the south end ot Lee t6 the Mississippi. I proposed to them to ril, 1919, express the examine the ground betw cen Chicago and the head Waters of the Illinois riv er. with a view to the con- struction ofa canal by the did so, and on their ret their observations to me; a the new ra, and the re port of the Secretary of War. I'men to show that my opinions on this subject nding; and that the nationality of the go canal, and, of cour se. of the harbor at itemouth, no means new conee ptions with me But I must that | did not observe then what I have since he balls of Niagara surmounted by a ship canal! and aschooner clearing from Chicago for Liverpool, ‘The river navi ation of the ‘great West is the most wonderful on the globe; and since the application of steam power to the propulsion of vessels, possesses the essential qualities of open navigation. Speed, dis- tance, cheapness, magnitude of cargoes, are all there, and without the perils of the sea from storms and ene- mies. ‘The steamboat is the ship of the river, and finds in tho Mississippi and its tributaries the amplest thea- tre for the diffusion of its use, and the display of its power. Wonderful river, connected with seas by the head and by the mouth—stretching its arms towards the Atlantic and the Pacific lying in a valley, which ts a valley from the Gulf of Mexico 40 Hudson's Bay —drawing its first waters not from rugged mountains but from the plateau of the Lakes in the centre, of the continent, and in communication with the rources of the St. Lawrence and the streams which take their course north to Hudson’s Bay—draining the largest extent of the richest land—collecting the products of every clime, even the frigid, to bear the whole to a ge- nial market in the eunny south, and there to meet the products of the entire world. Such is the Mississippi! And who can calculate the aggregate of its advantages, and the magnitude of its future commercial results ’ Many years ago, the late Governor Clark and my- self undertook to calculate the extent of the boatable water in the valley of the Mississippi ; we made it about 50,000 miles! of which 30,000 were computed to unite above St. Louis and 20,000 below. Of course, we counted all the infant streams on which a flat, a ‘ke or a batteau could be floated, and justly ; for every tri- butary of the humblest boatable character, helps to swell not only the volume of the central waters, but of the commerce upon thom. Of this imm extent of river navigation, all combined into one system of wa- tera, St Louis is the centre! and the entrepot of its trade ! presenting even now, in its infancy, an astonish- fng and almost incredible amount of commerce, destined to increase forever. It is considered an inland town Counting by time and money, the only true commercial measure of distances, and St. Louis is nearer to the sea than New Orleans was before the steam tow boat abridged the aistance between that city and the mouth of the Mississippi, St. Louis is a sea port as well ag an inland city, and is a port of delivery by law, and has o lected $50,000 of duties on foreign iinports during the current year; and with a liberal custom would become » great entrevot of foreign as well as of domestic com- merce. With the attributes and characteristics of a sea port, she is entitled to the benefit of one, as fully and as clearly as New York or New Orleans, About twenty years ago, | moved in the Senate, and obtained an appropriation for a survey of the Rapids of the Upper Mississippi ; it was probably the first appro- priation ever obtained for the improvement of the up- per part of the river. About twenty-five years ago, I moved, and succeeded in the motion, to include the Mi souri river in a bill for the improvement of Western rivers—it was the first time that river had been so in- cluded. Thus, on the important items of the Chicago canal, the rapids of the Upper Missivsippi and the Mis. souri river, [ was among the first to propose to incinde them within the circle of internal improvement by the federal government. I have always been a friend of that tystem, but not to its abuses ! and here lies the difficul- ty, and the danger, and the stumbling block to its suc- cess, Objects of general and national importance can alone claim the attention of the federal government : and in favor of such onjects, I belie ments of the government to be united, Confined to them, and the Constitution ean reach them, and the treasury sustain them. Extended to local or sectional objects, and neither the Constitution nor the treasury could uphold them. National objects of improvement are few in number, defvite in character, manageable by the treasury : local and sectional objects are innu- merable, and indefinite, and ruinous to the treasury, — Near twenty years ago, the treasury was threatened with « demand for two hundred millions of dollars for objects of internal improvement, then applied for, and many of them of no national importance. ‘I'he enormity of the sum balked the system ; and #o it must be again. ifthe proper discrimination is not kept up between loc: and national subjects It is for Congress to make t discrimination : the President cannot: he must reject or approve the billas a whole, Here, then, is the point at which the friends of the system, in Congress, must exert all their care and vigilance, No arbitrary rule can be given for the admission or exclusion of proper objects, but really national objects admit of no dispute ; and confined to them, I apprehend but little danger of losing # bill, either from executive vetoes, or for want of votes in Congress, Very respectfully, gentlemen citizen, your friend and fellow THOMAS H. BENTON, Silas Wright's Letter. Canton, 3tst May, 1847. GextLemen—Your circular, inviting me to attend a North Western Harbor and River Convention,” to be assembled at Chicago on the first Monday of July next, was duly received, forwarded by Mr. Whiting, of your Committee. My attention had been previously called to the same subject by the invitation of a friend, at your city, to attend the Convention, and generously tendering me quarters in his family during its sitting. | was forced, from the state of private business, to inform him that | could not make the journey, at the time named; and the period which has ¢lapsed since [ declined his invitation, has only tended to confirm the conclusion pronounced to him. Were it possible for me to attend the proposed Convention. without an unreasonable sac- ritice, | should most gladly do so, as my location gives me astrong feoling in reference to the p sufety of the commerce of the lakes. ‘The # improvement of the lak» harbors is one, which my ser- vice in Congress has rendered somewhat familiar to me in # legislative aspeet, while my personal travel upon the two lower lakes has made the necessity for these im- provements manifest to my senses. | am aware that questions of constitutional power have been raised in reference to appropriations of money by Congress, for the improvement of the lake harbors, and [ am well con- vinced that honest men have sinc strong scruples upon this point, but all and experience have induced me to bel! ve that these scruples, where the individual admits the power to im. prove the Atlantic harbors, arises from the want of an acquaintance with the and the commerce upon m, aug an inability to believe the facts in relation to that commerce, when truly stated. It is not easy for one, familiar with the lakes and the lake commerce, to realize the degree of incredulity, as to the magnitude and importance of both, which is found in the minds of honest and well informed men, residing in re- mote portions of the Union, and having no personal acquaintance with either; while | do not recollect an instance of a member of Congress, who has travelled the iakes, and observed the commerce up them, within the last ten years, requiring any fur. \ er evidence or argument, to induce him toadmit the constitutional power and the propriety of appropriations for the lake harbors, much as forthore of the Atlantic eoast. I have long boon of the opinion, therefore, that to impross the minds of the people of all portions of the Union with a realizing sense of the facts as they are, in relation to these inland seas, and their alr ay vast pine imatmaeny | commerce, would be all that i quires © secure such appfopriations as tha state of the natioual treasury will from time to time permit, for the improvement of the lake harbors. he body of the lake commere requires for its convenience and safety, as contra distin guished from the numerous applications for thew im- provements, which the various competing local interests npon th of the lakes may prompt; and! make this distinction because ny own observation has shown that applications for harbor improvements at the pudilo expense are made ani within distances of & very fow miles, and at loo where, from the natural po | | | | Prices Two Cents. ie sition of the lake and coast, a good barbor at either point would seoure to the commerce of the lake all the conve- nience and safety of duplicate improvements. Much of the difculty of obtaining appropriations grows out of these conflicting applications, and the sternness with which all are pressed as necessary to thy isle ¢oureree, impairs the confidence of strangera to the Loc jaime and interests in the importance of all. It is the duty of those who urge these improvements, for the great objects for which alone they should be made at the expense of the nation, viz: thy convenience and safety of the lake commerce, to be honest with Con- Teas, and to ur.@ appropriations only at points where these considerations demand them The ri- ver improvements constitute a much more diffi cuit subject. and the connection of them with the luke harbors, has often, to my knowledge. fatally pre- Judiced the former. ‘There “are applications for | provements of rivers, about which, as @ matte: principle and constitutional power, I have ne more | doubt than about the narbors upoo the lakes, or the | Atlantic coast; and there are those, which, in uy Judgment, come neither within the principle’ nor the constitutional power; but to draw a line between the two classes of cases, !cannot. | have witnessed name ous attempts to do this, but none of them have appeared tomy mind to be very sound, or very practical. The facts and citcumstances are +0 very variant, between | the various applications. that I doubt whether any gene- ral rule can be laid down, whieh will be found just and practical; and | think the course most likely tos-eure @ satisfactory result, with the least danger ¢ of principle, would be for Congress to act separately aud independen ly upon each application, ‘There has appear- ed to m* to be one broad distinction between these cases, which has not always been regarded, but which | think always should be. It is between the applications to pro- tect “and secure the safuty of commerce upon rivera, where it exists and is reguiurly carried on in deflance of the obstructions sought to be removed, and in the face of the dangers they place in its way, and those applica- tions which ask fur improvement of rivers, that com- merce may be extended upon them, where itis uot. The | one class appear to me to ask Congress to regulate and protect commerce upon rivers where commerce in fact exists, and the other, to ereate it upon rivers where it docs not exist, ‘his distinction, if carefully observ might aid in determining some appli classes, but is not a suilicient dividing line for practical legislation, If it is for the settlement of the principle upon whieh all such applications should rest. 1 use the term “commerce” in this definition,as! doin this letter, in its constitutional sense and scope. I must ask your pardon, gentlemen, for troubling you with so long and hasty acommunication, in reply to your note. It ix not made for any public use, but to express Lo you very imperfectly some of my views upon the in- teresting subjects you bring te my notice, which I shall not have the pleasure of communicating in person, and to satisfy you that 1am not indifferent to your request. Be pleased to accept my thanks for your polite invita- tion, and to believe me, Your very respectful and ob’t, servant, SILAS WRIGHT. Messrs. N. B. Jupp and others, The letter from Gen. Ca Dernorr, May 29, 1847. Dean Sin :—I am much obliged to you for your kind attention in transmitting me an invitation to attend the Convention on internal improvement, which will meet in Chicago in July. Circumstances, however, will put it out of my power to be present at that time. 1am dear sir, respectfully yours, LEWIs CASS. Martin Van Buren’s Letter. Lixpenwato, May 21st, 1847 My Dear Sir—I thank you kindly’ for the obli terms i» which you have bven pleased to commu: : ; to me the invitation of the committee to attend the North-western Harbor and River Convention, and beg you to be assured that youdo me but justice in assu- ming, that | am by no means indifferent to its objects. Having virited most parts of your interesting country, and witnessed, with admiration and h gh hopes, ite pe culiar capacities for improvement, | cannot but wish success to all constitutional efforts which have that di- rection, Regretting taat it will not be in my power to comply with your request, I beg you to make my ac- know! dgements to tue committee, for this proof of their respect. 1am, Very respectfully and truly yours, M. VAN BURE E,W. Tracy, Esq. The Letter from the Hon, Henry Clay AsHLAann, 24th May, 1847, cireular of the committee, requesting my attendauce at the North-western Harbor aud River Convention, pro- posed to be held at Chicago, on the first Monday in July next, Cordially concurring in what is announced to be the object of the Convention, | should be happy to assist in the accomplishment ot it, if it were in my power, but | regret that [ cannot conveniently attend the Con- vention Wishing that its deliberations may be con- ducted in a spirit of harmony, and that they may lead to good practical result, J am with great respe Your obedient servant, H, CLAY, E. W. Tracy, Esq. Interes: NEWS FROM THE RIO GRAND! ‘Through the courtesy ot a fellow citizen, we have re- ceived a copy of the Matamoros Flag of the 26th ult., but it is particularly barren of intelligence, The steam: boat Laurel arrived on the 26th at Matamoros from Reynosa, with three companies of the 2d Illinois Kegi- iment (Col, Bissell’s) The remainder of the regiment was expected down the following day. ‘The alealdg of Reynosa has reimbursed the money of which four of the [llinois volunteers had been robbed, after being lasoed, as we have already mentioned. ‘The Rio Grande is still very low, the rains not yet having set in. y i 5 ‘The Flag represents that Carvajal—or Carrabajal, as his name is often given—was a few days previous in Vic- toria, in consultation with the Governor of Tamaulipas and other influential men of the State, on subject of vital importance to the future destiny of several States of Northerp Mexico—uno more nor less than # separation from the Mexican confederacy, and tho establishment of an independent government. ‘Carvajal has been alive to this subject for years, says the Flag, and will let pass no opportunity to accomplish his cherished purpose — Now he thinks is the proper time, and the Fag thinks there is great prospect of his success. The Flag thinks the country in the vicinity of Mata- mc ros quite free from robbers, &c., and in proof of this adds:— “We have recently conversed with a gentleman who has been scouring the country in all directions, purchasing mules, who tells us that he neither met nor could hear of any hostile Mexicans on the road or any of the ran- chos which he visited. With one companion*he tra- versed the country far beyond San Fernando and re- turned with a large drove of mules, without being mo- lested. It is to the interest of certain people in this city to create an impression that the roads are beset. by rob- bers—they make money by the fears they inspire—and we advise that little heed he given tothe bugbears which are every day raised up.”” ‘We had occasion to expose the simple credulity of the Mexicans about their saints, The Flag hasan article on the subject which we copy : “Mexico is as prolific of eaints as she is of insects and thorns—and by far the major portion of the population believe in their pretended supernatural powers. We had an opportunity, a few days since, of witnessing the extent to which the delusion prevails among this super- stitious people. An indiscriminate mass of Mexicans, of all ages, sexes and conditions, rushing from every quarter of the city, drew us, in common with others, to the scene of commotion. The crowd, with devout and elongated faces, surrounded the building in which they affirmed was afemale saint, A guard joned at the door to prevent disorder, and she received visits from the city priest and several citizens. ‘The woman was brought into town afflicted with a paralysis, caused evidently by exposure to cold and dampness. The warmth from the bed on which she was placed restored ber; and on being asked how the cure was wrought, she replied it was through the agency of an aunt who was ® saint, and who had endowed her with power to penetrate the veil which shuts out from human vision the future. This story the simple-minded natives, who never trouble themselves to search out a natural cause for every effect. religiously believe he has been oved from town by order of the aleal There are many such wizards scattered throngh thi« country, and, stranxe , ob tain credence from persons who are otherwise possessed of sane minds.” ICAN NEWS. the New Orleans Delta, July 3. 4 comments with some severity on the * with which Gen, Worth has the judgments Martial executed, Sergeant McKeown, of company F, N. Y. Volunteers, was recently tried at Puebla on two charges—ist, for conduct subversive of good order and military discipline ; 2d, for robbery The specifieation under the first charge was, that said MeKeown, on the 20th May, a little more or less, (poco | .) entered, sword in hand, the house of Don nia Cruz Polanco, and threatened the «aid Lon | and his family with violence. The second specification was, that said McK bbed the «aid Don of @ quan. tity of money. ‘The sentence of the Court was, thatanid MéKeown should pay a fine of fifteen dollars, for the benefit of the Don—be imprisoned for.the time the regi- | ment should remain in Puebla, not exceeding thirty days | ‘and be reduced to the rank of a private soldier ‘The same Court tried and convicted a soldier y the name of Patrick Crumain, of company H, N.Y, Volun- teers, on similar charges, and imposed a similar fine for the Don’s benefit, and sentenced the criminal to fourteen days imprisonment Ei Nacional, after publishing the charges, specifica - tions, judgment, &c., thus comments:—" From the fore. going document, our readers may form an idea of the promptness with which the Anglo-Americans terminate # criminal o 1D the accused, and exeoute judg- ; but, time, it will be observed that all this exaggerated rigor of punishment is nothing in reality, inorder to condemn the robbers of Polanco —the sergeant to a fine of fifteen dollars, imprisonment for thirty days, and deprivation of rank; and the sol- dier to # similar fine and only fourteen dayw im- privonment—there is indeed, no need of forms and ys, by which the accused may have w the means which justice furnishes for velf- By our laws, American soldiers subject to them would | have suffered at least four years imprisonment ; yet the whole process would have been procrastinated suf. ficiently long to have every matter involved complet@: investigated, and only when the crime and the partict- pation of the accused should have been rendered as efence. Dear Sir—I received your letter, accompanied’ by tho | | must have upon the world. | readiness for discipline under (enerals same day—Christmas aes upon their civilization, and upon proceeding wi justification, do not stop to ascertain cone Chee tone ee ‘the crime, as appears from the document here ineected, in which itis averred that the day of the robbery. waa the 20th of May, a little more or less ; that is to say, the Judges neither knew nor wished to know the day ‘whew ‘the crime was perpetrated, as if this were not a cireum: stance so important in the process as to be worthy of ex- tensive investigation. [facertain knowledge of the. per tration of acrime be indispensable, the day and tha our of its perpetration are, ad « necessary consequence, equally so, The Anglo Americans. in three days, topper? ed the robbery preceded the 20th of May, not only dia not make that fact clear, but they passed sentence and called that sentence right—as if, provided the crime were certain,society would lose little in not having « corresponding pupiahment inflicted ; if it were not cor- tuin, but little would be lost by the ‘punishment. of ta- uoccnt men, ‘That which is important is the brovity, not the effect. In this way, a great crime may be puniah- ed without an opportunity for the accused to be heard. If this be not an offence against common sense, we know not what is; at all events, it isa matter about which | there eam be no dowbt.”* LT. Epoca, published in San LuisPotost, haa an article | ko characteristic of Mexican philosophy and bombnet not resist the temptation to give t paper say is in the depth of the human beart principle of perversity inclining ua to evil that this principle may uot be developed, and thus make mep as ferocious as kavages, it js necessury that, from the moment reason commences, gtfurte should be made to counteract natural propensities, as well by inspiring im the youth those moral tendencies which render men virtuous, as by presenting him examples by the imita- tion of which habits are insensibly formed, Yet, ine stead of ioral maxims, of virtuous examples, there is nothing but disorder and excess, exhibiting, at ald hours, acts of cruelty; and what must be the ronso- | quence but a kind ot wild beast in the shape of man! Hence, there are many destined to disgrace—famille societies, even whole nitions, Among these, We believe ought to ke placed conspicuously our neighbors of the North. What morals, what religion, what. principles, have these men received in their education? What are the examples which they hold up to view every hour ? | Morality ! jow itnot. ‘Their religion i uneub. stantial, and ¢ them atheists abound. Their prin- ciples they hold for one otject. Their babits are drunk- | enness; and, finally, their daily examples are the un- heard of cruelties with which they treat unfortunate slaves. Sacred God! and are these the men who pre- tend to dominver in our country? Are these the men who have hed the audacity to come to dictate to us their odious laws, and to pretend to teach us how to live? Sooner let us see our people reduced to fragments, our fields to ashes ! Sooner let us see our beloved coun- try sad and desolate, ensanguined and perishing, than in the grasp of those monsters, whom we are bound to resist a8 we would wild beasts. Compatriots! Our enemies have penetrated almost to the capital of the blic; and now is the time for them to receive due chastisement, in order that nelther they nor others may escape the consequences of thelr audacity, A unanimous effort must be made to bury our aggressors in the abyss of nothing. Thus must be washed out the dishonor we have received for not hay- ing repelled them at the first opportunity. THE LEM OF VERA CRUZ. So much has been said of the health of Vera Cruz, of the extreme mortality from the yellow fever which pre- vail there, that Dr. z. H. Barton, the head of the Board of Health in that city, has felt it his duty to make « tull exposition of the facts of the case, that the public may be undeceived. He has accordingly transmitted to Gov. Johnson statements of the mortality in Vera Cruz from the Ist of May to the 16th of June, with various expla- natory remarks, Soon atter Dr Barton arrived in Vera Cruz, the Muni- cipal Council. upon his recommendation, organized # Board of Health, to whose coutrol was rubmitied the ‘anitary condition of the city and neighborhood, pers of cemeteries were required to make regu- lar reports to the Board, which ix thus placed in postes- sion of the facts connected with the mortality in the city. From the doctor's letter to the Governor we are Permitted to make extracts. We do so spuringly, but give enough to relieve the extreme apprehension enter- tained in some quarters. ‘There are few cases of yellow fever here compara- tively, and bad we the appliances you have in New Or- leans, the mortality would be much less than it is. It is the sume disease we have alwaya been familiar with | there, though some of our foolish countrynen think it | otherwise, because the Spaniards name it so, and fall victims to a ridiculous credulity. But so far there is no epidemic, and the fatal cases have occurred mostly among men who would have died any where with fever of some kind ; and fearlessly assure you that if | could egulate ‘ the habits and mode of living’ of our country- 7 very few would take the disease, and still fewer e Lisv or Monratity at Vena Caz, rrom Jeve—From Recony or BOARD oF From Vomito, Soldiers... , Qr. Master's Mex Othe: Ist May ro l6rm Hrattn rt 13. Qr. Master's Di I Mexican 7 Others , Toul, Total... 1946 ARRIVAL DONIPHAN’S IMENT AT 8T. LOUIS. The Missouri regiment; Col, Doniphan, met with a splendid reception on their return to St. Louis on the idinst. ‘The Revielle of the 34, give the following ac- count of its ‘There never was amore glorious morning than yerter- day presented —glorigus in its atmospheric splendor, and in the return from the field of those sons of Missouri whose deeds have awakened, everywhere, gratitude and admiration Im compliance with the published order, the bells made joyous music throughout the morning; the citizens were abroad in crowds; the military and tire companies made thie streets gay with their bands and uniforma, while the guests of the city—the heroes of Bracito and Sacromen- to~attracted the universal gaze, and elicited as wide a shout of welcome. At the moment of starting from the Court House, the Procession was arrested by the announcement that the ride of the West, with Captain Hudson and the captur- ed artillery, was insight, ‘The citizens 1ushed to the landing, and, sure onough, there came the steamer, prouder than ever, booming out the triumph of Missouri! valor. ‘The volunteers, now assembled in front of the Plan- ters’ House, were warmly and eloquently welcomed home by Judge Bowling. Arri the ground, enthusi- asm burst forth on the a the stwnd; and during his address, but one feeling of mingled pride and welcome was evinced by the dense crowd. Col, B. concluded amid cheers, and, on the pearance of Col. Doniphan, shouts and hurrahs mals the welkin ring again, Col. D. commenced by warmly thanking Col. Benton for the terms in which be had mentioned the achisve- ments of the Missouri column, remarking further, that his minuteness of detail with regard to their march, en- titled his speech to the claims of history itself. or con Col. D. observed, very emphatically, that this was a strange war. It was strange at home, and strange abroad. it was branded by Col. D.’s own party, as an unjust war, and yet opponents as well as supporters rallied to sus tain “it. Whigs and democrats composed the same meskes, and slept in the same tents; he was only sorry that the same unity had not beenevineed in the coun- cils of the Government. Asan instance of whig feel- ing while in the field, Col, D. sift that after long, long months, during which nothing had been heard from the States, and while all hearts were yearning to hear from home, the first thing mot with in American papers was the speech of Corwin, of Ohio! It was « complete shower bath! It was received with a shock—a shudder! After having overcome weary leagues, impracticable moun- tains; after cutting their way through the enemy, all their thanks was, to be told that they were robbers and cut-throats! Colonel D. indignantly denounced cvery speech and be paragraph which went to deery the prosecution of the war to prompt close. It was said that those who made such speeches belonged to the peace party; no such thing! They would, on the con trary, postpone peace to eternity. Prompt action, and sustained action, or all efforts were in vain, Colonel Benton's plan, as stated by that gentleman, would have hieved wil ylor would have been in force, Saute i been crushed forever, and the domi- ati party, would at once have dictated | ment to Mexico.’ Nothing could have inter- | posed to prevent instant negotiation ‘T’he war would | have been terminated, Scott's offorts have been cramp- ed by the t of means. General Taylor after his four unrivalled victories may be said to have arrived | at no result. Jt was like a man in a fever, his most vio- lent efforts were followed by a corresponding exhaustion | | Taylor's line of operation, at this moment, is as far from | « bearing upon @ peace question as if he were at Jeffér- son barracks He is where he was last September, and | there will be be found next Octobor! Scott is nearly as | badly off He has won victories only to remind him how much hs was erippled, while Santa Anna was left to | find fresh resources, and to give further trouble ppreciated fully the inoral effect which this war He saw the triumphant con tradiction to the slanders with regard to the bravery of citizen soldiers. It was a war without the loss of a siugle battle. He spoke of the conduct of the volunteurs at Buena Vista. He spoke further of their progress and iaylor and Wool Col. D. took an affectionate farewell of his officers and men. They were from different parts of the State, and might never meet again. Their year's connection had been » memorable one, but they were again rtunple eitt- wens. To the eternal bonor of his command, he said that in bis ‘Py companies, his expresses, his many ser vices of peril, he had never had occasion to make @ de- tail, all was done by volunteers’ He alluded peg od to the dead whom they had left behind them ; to the victims of disease and eo ‘a4 well as to those of battle-field. In conclusion, Col. D, declared that in their batuos it was not geveralship which was to be admired , the victories of Bracito wae , omphat h It was the intrinsic belonged to the rank and file! spirit and valor ef the men which were to be remem- | bered ; and, finally, if Missourians ever recurred with an unpleasant feel! to the su fame in Florida, at Ochee CI member that the tarnish upon their they had only to te- battle of Bracito was fought on the ARMY NEWs. [From the New Orleans Delta, July 4 ) A gentleman who reoeutly arrived lire from Monte- rey, an interview with ( ‘Taylor immediately be- fore he left, The General told bim that it was not bis intention to advance on San Luis Potosi, but that It was his fixed determination to resign his command ov the clear #6 noonday, would they have been condemned, our laws ‘whatever ie 4 due to the person of the: ~ Our invaders, however, who pride vo mauoh Mohs Weope ot secon with Gen. Wool at Saltillo, are