The New York Herald Newspaper, December 24, 1846, Page 1

Vol, XL, No, 337—Whole No, 4590 NEW YORK, THURSDA Y MORNI NG, DECEMB ER 24, 1846. TRISH, ENGLISH, AND ENGLISH-CO or THE MEXICAN WAR. THE EUROPEAN VIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL AND POLITICAL POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES. he, ke. [From the London Times, Nev, 30} lf Mr, President Potk bad thought fit to shape his con- duct in strict org | to our predictions, he could not have moreentirely ani accurately fulfilled them ; and ‘We are now not without hopes of seeing thd just retri- bution which his rash ond aggressive policy calls down upon hie beed eventnelly crush the democratic leaders and the present sontment of the American people He found it an eas task to incito the country to embark {n the w: he hed caused hye own instructions to ‘the declared upon his own responsibility. In fact, the critical SS in which Gen. Taylor found himself betwi Matamoras ond the mouth of the Rio Bravo, at the oper ing of the campaign, loft the Congressno option. Prompt rt could alone prevent the utter rain and probable itulstion of the army : so that, by curious turn of al- it was a throatened diraster which in od the United States to this absurd, unjust uncon- stitational war ?We had shite shown thatthe demo. cratic party in America, ani tha snccessors of General Jackson, ha’ soir own especial reasons for regardin @ war with none of that aversion and abhorrence which are enterteine’ by most other civilized Governments, and prafeesd by all. The exploits of a successful cam- to bave their usual effect on the vantarers in A military honours acquire an oxcessive value aud importance ia a country where other social distioctions do not exist; but, above all, the Government released itselt b: ig ‘bonnded patronage and unlimited expenditure. No doubt, Mr. Poli and his advisers were sangaine enough to hope that the brilliant termination of the campaign and a treaty of peace,-or rather a treaty of spoliation, dictated under the woll’ of Mexico, would piove an effectual #aswor ft the attacks of the Opposition onthe moeting of Congress. And itis not improbuble that decided suc- would bave obliterated from tha memory of Voj-ed States the iniquity in which this war originated, und the abuses by which it hasbeen carried on. But, if auch were the anticipations ot the American Ministers, vim for ourselves the credit of a more correct Spprecievion of the stete of their affairs than they hed We told them many months ago that would find them at the close of the scarcely more advanced in the conquest or of Mexico than were in April; out the impossibility of making any ry movement in advance, in a country r0-ds and of water, whilst fever and dysen- tery were more certain to thin the ren! fthe arm the esvaults of the enemy; in’ short, the evils of an exhausted treasury, and of cannot be carried on with such means as the United posress, or abandoned without disgrace. In one otk has been more fortunate than he deser- bearanee and neutrality ,beerved by believe that neutrality to be the line Dut, efter the languoge Mr. Polk hed used in the Oregon dispute—which wee still pending when Mexico was at- ac! & nly He right to reckon with implicit confidence ding mntirely aleof, aud our reserve is no ex- this truth Is universally zed in th 1 7 and nothing has reised the character of the Englieh go- the fact that we did rot stoep advantage of the of their own Cabinet. The main difficulty of Mr of policy most consonant to our henor and our interests; the Rio Bravo—the American government o cure fer their imprudence. We ere happy to find thet nited States; rament toa higher position in their estimaties, than in the financial embarre jong or avother, we are assured by our correspondents, that naless than forty millions of dollare hive been ‘spent this wer in the last «iz months ; and we can believe when we remem- tobi sariea, formedand equipped. A coustry in possession of an immense accumulation of stores, and « considerable army, may carry one war on a limited scale, without a very large addition to its anaual ex. penditare, But the very existonce of a corps of twenty thousand men, operating in a foreign country, and drawing its supples entirely from home, isan unheard of novelty in the United States of America—a novelty in their estimates, and a novelty in their political condition. We venture to affirm that when Congress passed a precipitate bill to authorize the Presi- dent to call ont 50,000 volunteers, nobody but the admi nistration and the contractors had any idea of the enor- mous burden they were soresing om the country. Yet that act will be invoked by the Government es a formal recegnition by Congress of a war which it had not de- clared, and @ sanction for ali the expences that war find that Mr. Polk's oe ja A ecm to . Polk's poy ity and power pee wane, that in many States the elections have turned in favor of the whigs; and that there is a prospect of his peng ta tenis 9a ccount of all the a of his Pi y to ahostile House of tives. Ifauch be the event, the strongest measures which the American constitution provides, and which the manners of our time tolerate, will hardly be too streng to punish the errors and misdeeds :of suchan Administration. Wo do not anticipate that any important intelligence from the seat of war will errive to disarm the resentment of the <Aieerican people, or to improve Mr. Polk’s position. At Memarey the Ra zicans he recently shown that they can fight © ncient bravery of their Spanish p: nitors behind wailed fortifications; and hn the town was ultimately taken, the capture cost the Ameri- cans more than the loss of it did the Mexicans. In con. sequonee of the refusal of the American Cabinet to ratify General Tayloc’s armistice, we shall probably short! hear of a similer attack apen Saltillo, the Fosull of whick very much on the combinations by which the respective forces may be concentrated on that point.- Santa Anna wili sot be able to bring his army up intime to defend hind Sooper but it is net impossible that he may precede the min bedy of his Seon and that the re- sistance of the place may be Prolonge till he arrives.— At any rate, even the loss of Saltillo will not prove a de- cisive blow to Mexico, for it is more than 600 miles from the capital ; whereas the failure of General Taylor’s at- tem Spe rere rer tetas the last phd Sretye his army and the credit of arm: in a milj- P! vinees depends not on a mere military eccupation by a party of marauders aod backw otf Dot sa ta tere of the peace eventually to be concluded by the bellige- rent parties (From the London Times, Nev. 26] To say that human nature is human nature all the world over, is, indwe triking than the indica- tion of those eee ney Snes gg its oe Be fat- none oppression . up) teme- Fo ops le pmo vernment—eech of these is ban- died about in general terms by the asssilants of cither respectively. But # single instance of an oppressive re- , or ep unprincipied monarchy, comes with eflect jo the relief of monarchical or republi an edvocates. It is worth all the generel abuse. and all the collective pre- Judice, in the world. It teaches a lesson which all states. ‘men are ready to repeat in words, but few remember in viz: that the sins of democratic and kingly states equally proceed from the utmitigsted violence of bamen pessions, or the blind apscru of hu- man ignorance. Writers on Amorice viten amuse us by the curious instances they give of the thorough mirep- prehensisn about our country and its customs which prevails in the United States. We do not know to whst extent the tables might be turned ogainst ourselves in in America But we suspect an amusing little book might be compiled of the absurd fancies prevalent inone Prone to the ae oo er if we i CS naginative coloring @ prev; ranny of mo! power, the pretty Metetbuten of took ee hy Sy mastic pleasures of slave ownership, th wi taxes, and fox Jords flog the peveantry to death, If we meguify evils of a mob-elected President, they gloat over the terrors of an MY sovereign. Aliogether equal terms in estimating the peculiari- rent conditions. One I se Teen extremes. 8 disegree- Seairetd tego at pay wins ns, what point of similerity can be found, at least inofien- 4 of either nation, or to the we are perk prejudices, or ignorance, of po! ans 7 More than m Se mage a ks merge pine hgh cS omer refutat to adomingnt error, ipport te the promulgation of doctrines once tened neficial. Wo, think we tmap oer | cer the Jae quan with a feeling not the less self- oy ee tee duty menths ego to announce the diver- AMERICAN AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. LONTAL VIEW, binet of Washington, under the re-/ | which we had ourselves | duty to | recogniti | which, with ¢i sometimes startle even the assailants. Many nly to free trade looked with suspicion on pions aud r on its tactics. They who had stu- i; ject aa a pure science shrank back when they | found themselves mixed up with comrades who sneered the church and declaimed against the peers Men of stu- nd thor il minds could hardly reconcile them- foie nase aad the glarect, theatrical display.Gut the “oe only way = sais ‘mot tous question into public notice, carrying a great abstract trath into practice. In rica there Were none of these ob- stacles to its success; but, on the other hand, there were none of these excitements to stimulate its progress. ‘There wero no institutions to attack by u side-blow ; aristocrats to denounce as the pessieoars ot aaa < the protectors of a foolish policy; no church to re with deliberate invective, or deride with onderous jocose- ‘The policy monopoly was the same there as here. But the supporters and the opponents of the monopoly far different there from what they were here. In land it was the manufacturing industry and commer- energy against the sluggish tenacity of the land ; ia America the old landholder of the south, or the unstable emigrant of the west, ee the artificial interests of the east. But it was also the people against the people. The ° ‘adiast the tari thet forbute i os: forbade him to buy his woollens and his cottons in the cheapest market, was on a level with him who asked the State to tax his fellow-citizens for his own profit. They were both equal as citizens, eq rs of church, crown, and pri doo A The strife there was withdrawn—not, in- deed, from the arena of petty passions and selfish inter. ests, but—from the atmosphere of class distinction: national institutions ent out as strenuously and as obstinately—with as much spite, as much igno- Trance, as many invectives, as many random prophecies, as many false “ facts”—in America asin England. But the result—though} long doubtful—was the same in both = Ee Gant im Mi the people of the United States and the Unite lom enjoy an emancipated trade, hat do. they both thiol “of w' tho ecies and the invectives which were thundered i in their ears, of the interests which cried oat for protection, of inEagland even Geegriouiural niet issabeidise ito in England even the cultural mi is subsiding into repose. Goodwood is not demised = to a Manchester emigrant. Belvoi worth are not going to be put up at auction. Wheat had not fallen to the fated and fatal 36¢a quarter. The com- in unfounded and unreasonable one as we think, the! not that we shall not enough of oliciting an it. Another year may witness deput: impost on tue exportation of British grain. Gentlemen are buying land actually as a safe investment. Rei are ao: falling ; leases not repudiated. When the land holder is so ‘ittle dissatisfied, it ia needless to say that the merchant and manufacturer 7o not grumble at the result. And what is the sentiment prevalent in America? Do the citizens of the United St murmur’thet they ere no longer taxed fifty-four millions of dollars for the pro- teotion of the eastern manufacturer Do they complain that the poorest among them have no longer to poy from 300 to 600 per cent. on articles of deily use? Let t! address of the citizens of Washington to Mr. Dallas give the answer. Mr Di was Vice-President of the Se- nate when the hew tariff came under discussion. He represented the State of Pennsylvania—a manufac: turing, and therefore a monopolist, State. Hi stituents were vi ly opposed voted for it. 9 was notall. The contest ng angry, and doubtful. The votes on the divisiun we: equal. Mr. Dallas gave the casting vote, and returns home to receive the approval ef his own heart and the execrations of his ituenc; of course—reviled, calum: a by the excellent drab” men of that nity. He had contracted their profits; he had stood against their ideal interests ; but he had cenferred a real good on his country. Her citizens have now begun to teel this. They Sones ledas. that » vote which was generous, humane, disinterésted, and philosophical, can- not have been unpatriotic. They pay homege toa ra gacity which regards America as a vast aud untried field of future produce, which would be mulcted of half its wealth, and diverted from its evident purpose, by the stunted and short-sighted policy which Tie to build up =i henge rf Shy, teshetoge L.,¢ og 4 e expense of the myriads who to |. They, with i see the mission of Netorisat Mgehcniees end the reat future ‘of American commerce; and, seeing these, He wes burnt in effigy, lynched in print, fraternal commu- place deepotiem of capital and t [From the London Standard, D The American papers, received by t! that the United States army in Mexico venient to come toahalt. The interruptien of the cam- paign is ascribed by some journals to want of money. his be the case, and as the halt has been come to lefenc: i ever won until it has been lost.” The history of war is uniform in this respect—whatever the ultimate event of an invasion, the invader is always triumphant in oe first ee senate tag baa vs remember, as an eloquent c! of of British India, explaining the causes of this s0 uniform enon: the principol of these causes will, however, occur to most readers. The invader has reason to fancy hims2lf the stronger, or he would not invade. He mokes his — at leisure, chooses his own time ond place for attack, proceeds with s settled plan and an unity of purpose pervading his whole scheme of operations—all @ advantages are wanting to the invaded. But when the war has made som ‘ress, when each in the face of the other, and can choose time and p! of at the Caparo ng of the invader have been exhausted, and his plans are broken or deranged by the of rat and ten bet are, defending sir sre driven by langer into an union as that of their enemies; then the adversaries are equalterms, and the advantages indeed of the invaded, who become animated irresistible spirit of im, are nearer to their supplies of provisions of men, and can choose et pleasure the most promising points of defence. Thus an invasion becomes a protracted affair; and a protracted invasion in nine cases out of ten, ends in the utter defeat of the invad which will, we have not the lightest doudt, be the termination ef the war in Mexico, if only the Symp peer omy gy pe manage to put an en! = itin —— — time. toe Rome =) however, they organized a wer against that will be an occasion of sholostation and danger ovo the perce rosin dai “ should that existence, contrary to tended,to a century From the London Standard, Deo. 3.] truly great men in every Manag 4 are the men jurke wes the the mind of the count mbna Bo ong Sy BAe sy Mei el ‘i tT him .— intellectual rank hes followed, oes his successor, as the Noman of their ident prediction that bis success ent to his virtues end bis ai Mf Ai Providence, however, in office or in bel genius. If he be spared by for afew years longer, whether lent station, he will do more to 23 bers Pretectioniets; but let Mr. We mater bimrelf speak:— i * oar Sir Robert Peel upon this early ful- te ll the nations of t arth Zoliveteln have taereasegtes: prospctare Sete tine ive. G fold, in order to contribute to that and here [wo have somethi United States or out of 34, the whe in the other filment of the e Whig ascendancy, too, = an of the Mexican war. So all the se: to the States for cotton, tobacco, contin pies will be avail- of mapuisctures, that is, for interest mortaily opposed to are the first fruits of free trader— the free-traders.- ‘Whispers of this latter yecieet are indeod already abroad, and we warn all iuterested to be oF Re for it. More of the matter, however, by und by. Meanwhile, re- turning to the Ameiican prospect ,wej earnestly recom. & car@ul perusal of Mr. Webster's most eloquent LFrem the Liverpool Chronicle, Nov. 21.] the people of Mexicobave only the cow of mice in their composition the copediee oo}! e ren af the Anglo-Saxon race, and if th ir were to be decided by one are tle, id still back them against any odds which pponents could bring against them, have not the sinews of war at command to car- ind protracted contest. Neithe: strength for up the they may win ‘he whole force of the United States now in Mexico, is not more than enough to form ve of the army which would be reg 1d to hold the country as well as overrun it. erever they are, they are masters ; in whicheyer way they march, they drive all before them. if, however, they have a dream of advancii mn the capital itself, then their real dif begin. The blood-stained testifies that the Mexicans, lik ds in the field, can fight bravel: e American army w: before it could emulate the jous. But even with an open road before them De enemy to obstruct them, he commauder-in-chief would have so to divide ant sprit) his small force into ssapers A to keep up his communications, as advanced farther and farther from his own frontier into the territ the enemy, tbat he ‘must eventually be overwhelm: uperior nuabers which the ‘e the by ‘would bring down upon him from sli quarters. Add to thisthe wear and tear of sickness, the cons'ant harassing attacka of the guerillas, aod all the other accidents which befall an invading force, and the p°sition of General Taylor and hie gallant band is, we think, very little improved a their late brilliant 3 Of course, we give tl @inion in ignorance of any standing which they may have with Santa Anna. w That slipper Freon ma: be mu league with yw tote contrary, them for all we know tothe contrary, bly the case, They calculate matters tolerably we! ‘ashington; and, although President Polk had not had the Ping © of apprentice- ship to any member of tha European bureauocracy, he may know very well what he is about, and have tried his’ ground well, before he pushed the troops of the United States so far into, the enemy's = gen 9 That, at all events, has bought Senta Anna, we all doubt. Whether that worthy will sell him remaina to be seen, ee the Glasgow Herald Nov. 20) By the Calcdonia, we are in receipt of Now York pa- pers to the Sist ult. They furnish ific intel: gence of importance, but their conte: from be- ing devoid of interest From the seat o' no new event js announced, butd ia evident from the whole com- ple xion of the news that the difficulties of the American General are not becoming } ¥ pursuing their true warlike tactics, and if they are en- dowed with the native obstinacy towhich thoy have a hereditary title, there is sufficient reason to be- lieve, we mgy say to hope, that they will yet deat back with loss their unjust aggressors. ranting that the Americans have gained every victory to which they lay claim, a very livera! assump- tion, their army is yet in the midst of a dosert—des titute of any regular sources of supply— surrounded by Rucrilla warriors, who take a lost battle ava mere con- tingency for which they are prepnrod, and are ready for the field egain, with undiminished hopes, whenever a new opportuhity presents itself. It is, moreover, now thoroughly ascertained, that the American loss during the three days’ fighting at Monterey was far more severe Surthermor arm forthe ostensible purpose of burying their dead. The whole affair is calculated to give new courage to the Mexicans, and Miscourage their invaders The troubles of the letter ure only beginning There is another class of dificulties which the American Government will find every day pressing more urgently upon them. There is reaxon to believe that their fina: cial affairs large amount ing to rumor, for which the trea- sury hay not @ dollar to offer in pcyment. Tho ouly attempt at consolation on this led is the assertion of th ment organ at Washington, that four millions still remain in the treasury ‘Cho meeting of Congress next month, will probably elicit more certain inferma- tion, “In the , it ts saiittently obvious, that the current of popular opwion is turning ogainst the wart party, ond it is suid that the Panasyivanians have return ed Echekates to Congress totally opposed to the present administration. To this complexion it must come at last, It will be for the new Congress to say how far the ruin- ous and interminable war with Mexico Is to be maintain- ed. The commercial news is not of great importance.— ‘The prices of grain, which the last accounts from this country had raised toan extreme height, were again <de- clining. They may go below, as they have already above, the proper level. Thi n ‘All the ab- i e cnormous influence of the Corn law must be practically driven ont of the heads of specula- tors. Until experience satifies them, we may look for sudden and unexpected rises and (alls, not for steadiness ‘League promised ua, But in courte of hoppy to Jeara that ‘he reports of famine here cedeo large a supply from the,interior to ficient supply the pi wnt. We presume that under circumstances the ennual cry for the totel repeal of the corn laws will leave the echoes undisturbed for awhile. {From the Dublin Nation, Nov 14) Thirty years from the frst discovery of Her nan Cortes, one of the most fortunate of advontarer: had conquered for 8; the ancient and almost civilize: empire of Mexico. Thereafter for ten generations vice- roysfrom Madrid reigned over its people, until, in 1819, then forsiga siecle; poured in on the capital st the hosd thaa foreign je, pou on atthe of the por and leers of his district, and effected a revolution. ee In 1821, Don Juan O'’Donoju (Hibernicé O'Donohoe), being Captain General of New Spain, acknowledged its independence as arepublic. The population at that time was upwards of eight millions of souls; it is now set down at ten millions. For nearly a generation tho Mexicans been free in name, but sudjected in reality to a dynasty of in- teiguers, succeeding each other by the right of superior fice. Their fine country they have allowed to go into neglect—their min ey have deeply mortgaged; hey ftered to be Loh ong with they have supinely resign- wll which facts furnieh a grave lesson to States that may achieve self-goverum: which they are to learn that that privilege can 01 be preserved by the exercise of it—that to ne, use is virtually to abandon it to the first intruder who may be incli totake it away. And the further lesson of universal education, that ali people may know tho in- estimable value of liberty. The Grst practical proof of the impolicy of the repub- lican Governors of Mexico, was the revolt of the rich and extensive pro’ of Texas in 1829; the next, the annexation P e United States in iv The first led to a civil still im progress, and v, pect. a war which, in altering the map must also affect the present condition of its European re- war, according to the latert ‘The main body of the invading army, under Gen’ Tay:or, has taken Monterey, the capital the state of New Leoa,a town of about 12,000 inbabi division, under Gen. Kearney, has taken Cr) vooliabys iw ty rin iid ater anuer,” sworn the people in alle; lpate "te (hair ¢ blic, and proclaimed their General Governor o! Mexico, [u- structions from Washington, it is said, have been de- spatched to Gen. Taylor, exbor him te « vigoreus prosecution of the wor; and rumors float that he imended to march om Vera Cruz, and to lay siege to the castle of San Juan de Ulloa, the Gibralter of trem thence to dietate terms to the Mexieans, or to vance on their copital. in tbat city there seems to be litle practical ox for defence. Santa Anna hes been recalled from banishment, and pleced at the head of ly ct its begin to have our doubte about the issue of the | ‘war between the United States and Mexico; that is, if | ie have conside: ict of} on the He ia, by repute, the best Generat of his na- tion, though his conduct onthe fleit of Sen Jacinto, in the Texian war, where he was taken prisoner in his , is not grestly in bis favor. Presi- has landed in England, dou! Paredes, an @: b ee — mses ye be a Ps Fp nce cannot well av “the mines 01 Mexice are mortgaged chants for more than £11,000,000 ste! the produce umboldt, 000, or be- £9,000,000' ster! Yet, with annually, according to tisim aad aa 00, beskden,tbets, leven mil immense produce, besides their ten or eleven lions pres exports iu gold and silver bullion, cochi- and sugar, the Mexican proprictors have never to of this for incambrance. Now, itis that one of the chief objects of the in- vasion (though not the avewed one) is to get possession of these mines, in pert or whole, for while the United ‘States are rich in copper, lesd, aod iron, they are so en- tirely berren in the precious Getals, that the scarcity of specie on then ove occasion, had well nigh ren- wip A ten 9 gs to Missouri. Anothe d n of the invasion, is of ha: bours on the Gull, oad on the sea of Cortez. Vera ‘et, the inter. to British mer const North America, irom which « West Indian and an Asia- | tic commerce could he ts! cariied on. Lord Palmerston, | therefore, cannot afford to prrmt ttheir occuprtion by the | oii lolly to kogive tnt ‘shjocks lees wmportont than jt that ot, smpertent ‘would induce the United States goverument to of | Prov’ Ss = aE supported by European allionce, must retreat ministers persist in maintaining this free-trade theory, before his ees tate ‘he, land of their kindred, to cultivation ot her sugar colonies mustcease They can- Central or South America, andthe Creoles, Indians and | not,do what -they will, breast up against the unequal Blacks will become incorperated with the victors, and | competition to which they are subject. But great as will ndecias of Hidslgo’s republic be turned-into _ be the loss to the proprietors of our soul, the injury will states of * the saat [oF goats ly — tye ee Britain. ar vB nn istioe h an invasion we would ask no | out her irly —i gives us the a Cage othr ape ar) be altogether indefensi- | auch aeiley er be, on the one hand, whilst she sub- zicans have a perfect right to govern or , jects us to jurious effects of free trade on the other, as they will—to mo! their we tell the ish people that ere long Jamaice at least ways | will bea British depencency only in name and govern- ment—her commerce will be confined exclusively the | United States ; and this must be, let the fealty of her peo- rong. If we must have direct compet. England qual duty: with, the. save’ produce in Mexico than its own, and conce! ere are an eq’ uty wi @ slave produce which materially mitigate our indignation | of that island, it follows that our sugars must against invaders. | stand at the same price in our market as Cu- They arenot warring so much against Mexican bul- | ben ‘sugars do at Havana, or they must be excluded Ietins, which are harmless enough, as against British | from consumption. Whenever this event occurs y neg! their own commerce, the | —if it can occur, for as yot no one knows y what pro- 6 have invited British factors to'their shores and | cess the vost of froe production can be reduced to @ level British fleets to their harbors. The conduct of England | with the labor of slave—but whenever it does occur, and France, » in the contest of the republica on | England will cease to be the market to which West In- the Rio de in Plate, agaizut which the Stetos protested in | dian ire will be cot It will never be worth vain, seems fo. ‘operated as a warning to them to of the Jamai janter to send his sugar to the uard against the hments of European powers on | English. market, when the net proceeds will be scarcely Sere io proper ent. Thesé,and ether considera. | Worth the discount he will have to lose on his tions conak oe cannof now detail, go¢ good way to iustify, | Dilla. The United States will be necessarily our market és fer vent or ly. All the wirions consumed in the rh i te Ee" atomctaoe tinjust and ener cot | laland. will be" dertved-from the United States and trem | (Brom the Gloraaie del Lio; British America, and our only means of purchasing them ustriaco,) will be by means of such produce as we may be enabled The abolition of the protecti tem in England, both es regards graim, tho chief it of cultivation ture. Our commerce with E most.cease,. At present it icon ‘fy the temper . aad su; the principal product of the tropics, Midst htve'a consisrable effect, tot ont and the uction of these two great erty prices ion, but also ou those of many oes, pre ol » which is to be considered as in poiat of im-ortance emu the pro- agriculture cultivated by civ: countries. jigent individuals, well informed respecting the cul- tivation of the middle and southern is oy of the United States, are of opinios that the effect: sho chavee fe the agrarian laws will be felt even ear (1846) in the di- mintshed supply an} increased of cotton ; but be tat ae It may, there is no doubt that the ie & few years, produce a great effect on the price and mode of cultivating this and many other articles. effect. of oponing the ports of the country to the admi tion of grain, meal maize and rice, trom all parts of the globe, wiil be to offse to the cultivators of the cotton- growing States of America achoice of u.arkets such. as th d hitherto never possessed. thie greet commercial fevolution, United States couid not cultivate, in ood market, anyt!si bntcotten and tobacco ; hence, jowever the pri: ba these articles might fall, he had no other alternative But to continue the production, or to prodace in their stead articles of difficult sale. The con. sequence of was, that tho produotion of cotton in th Unite States was witnessed during the last four year: at prices at which, a few years ago, It was deemed impossible tp produce :l, furthermore, the. production of thid article was foon reduced al- most to nothing inthe British Indice and in Brazil, in which two cuuntrias the cultivators possessed the means of planting sugar, rice, and other marketable com- moditis This state of things is now qt an end in the United States of Amerita, siuce American grain ef all sorts—wheat, maize,end rice—is now uot ooly edwissi ble at nominal duties into England—the greatest werket in the world—but is, moreover saleable at very high price: may, therefore, reat aseured that the pr: tion of cotton will go on decreasing in. the United of America. its price should rise. sufficient- ly high to render ihe production of cotton as lucrative as that of grain will henceforth ‘This may, at first sight, appear an evil, and in the onset it wall be undoubt. edly accom; by considerable inconvenience to the ot the-country; but in the sequel it will prove a great , jain induce the culti- vatore in British India, Brazil, and ‘pt, to turn their at- tention te the production of cotton, and so to free the English manufacturers from their presen: state of entire dependence upon the cottonof the United States. In the year 1841,the British Indies supplie. 800,000 bales, and if the prices of that year had continued they would now probably have furnished 600,000. In 1838 Brazil sent to England 137 300 bales, which were subse- juently reduced to 110.200. These facts, an also that of the somewhat slow inc: esse in the produce of the cotton lation, w i trust that, unlike the can' does not affect tohave any. to linen and cotton manufact | Sheffield hardweres. America will probably compete with shese ere long ; but ae the value of our steples will frostar bropettion ‘il Tas femelsing tnpare teste ot reel remaining ex; of {ingiand to" these colonies fall of. Wo believe that the of ind heave. no just conception, and the lite unable to iostruct them, of jaeen’s ministors are the difficulties with which'the planter has to coutend in the of of our soil, and his utter ia: ability to Bt ed suger at the same Cost as the slave- omy Delieve this ignorance to be the cause of our indi demand for the application of @ principle to. nite mt sire and destroy, end which must at the same time ennihilate the trade fa shipping end manutactuses which these long afforded the mother country. It may be recede ape steps be government ae roe question, but justice and policy may yet dictate the ne- fo a Mag some backward ste} or our safety, and for the retention of our commerce with the mother country. In 1851, im case the present measure be allowed to run its course, the labor of the slave aud the industry of the terms. All sugars will enter at lls per cwt. Why should we py duty en our sugars, when the Sritivh agriculturist sends bis grain to market free of duty—when the Birming- ham aod Manchester manufacturers beer no such tax on their capital? Is this free trade? Is it free trade tous; or is it free trade to the British cere ? Ie it a fair appli- cation of a great principle to us, when our industry (ss much ritish Industry aa that of the Manchester millo- Crat) is subjected to a duty of from 30 to 100 per cent, whilst the British manufacturer and the British farmer @ fair application of the principle as io r, who has been taught the son tl afr tna ag teh el No. if w to have free trade, let us have it altogether, If to meet the slaveholder on equal terms, let us met freed from fiscal exact totally at variance with those princip! hich ministers main! to be the true source of netional wealth and popular heppiness. If ministers desire to retain the commercial connection of their Wext Indian colonies, they will take early steps to abolish all duties on their produce. [From the Hamilton’ (Canada) Spectator, Dec. 16} Mr. Polk is certainly not slumbering on a bed of roses atthe present time. The anti.war Party ind the aboli- tionista are hard at work, and the ‘‘ plot thickens” so fast, that its final consummation may be expected imme diately.. In the House of Representatives, on the 9th instant, Mr. Davis, of Kentucky, moved for copies of all orders to generals or commanders relative to the estab- lishment of civil governments in territories conquered during the war with Mexico—an amendment was at- tempted, but “it was no go.” The debate on this reso. lution, which had lasted two days, wes still in wi our last advices. The President’s friends we! they could to defend him powerful, and seem determ: Dg im, but the opposition are very ined not to give up the contest hed es K. Polk. This measure in the course of the debate, and ‘aspect of things we ‘have no doubt but be carried into effect. Tne opposition con- tend that the President has usurped a power which the constitution of the United States does not confer—that the law of nations does not authorise the establishing of cll governments in possessions held only by right of almost to nothing, if we ex- cept the States of great natural fertility, possessing the advantege of an easy and cheap uccess to the outports of the country. Whilst the repeal of the duties on grain thus tends to dimish the the opening of. the ie to remove ret pas, @ British colonies, pre! colonial produce The British ‘ropseal colonies are become litde more than augar plantations, !n a few years, be- sides, the legislative protection of colonial sugar will cease, both ja the East aud West ladies, and there is no reason to doubt that these countries will then decide to produce less sugar and more eotton and other articles of colonial produce, T! conquest, and they challenge him to ce @ fil euthority By. which he was entitled to declare Mexico and igo and Lower California to be territorit of the United ‘tes; having each a governor and an organised civil government. Ow ion is that Mr. Polk has gotten himself into a “ regular fix,” out of which hisown ingenuity and that of his friends, will hardly be sufficient to extricate him. {From the Montreal Herald, Dec. 17.) The Message of the American President reminds us of the conclusion of a inost eventful year. At the com- mencement of a new we may fairly congratulate our fellow count well ag the inhabitants of the upon the improved relations of ‘pow whose government they res. ‘ively belong. Oregon, and war for Oregon, was last year the exciting topic of the address: and every word on the subject excited a thrill of breathless expectation. Todey, war actually on this continent; but regard’ it wy se ey Dat portenteus y wi text last has therefore dwindled on jons of a paragraph We are not surprised to find Mr. Polk’s recommendations on this head ina very condensed form. The field over which his influence extends, is narrow indeed, when compared to that vast territory, which he so arrogantly and so loudly claimed. Instead, therefore, of the dizplay of Ro. man resolation, which formerly prompted the determif- ed demand for all or none, we have new only a quiet re- commendation to Congress to take care of its own half. Bat if one cause for warlike clamor has been happily a. — a which amply supplies its P regon can feebleness hes offe: Kd American appetite. Floridi ‘digested. Tamaulipas, Santa Fe, and Mexico are addi piece- meal to the nover ending repast, and the rates of the South are still unsatisfied. Like the Paradise— " Inhiantes semper edunt et edentes inhiant.” But they are not lions to ravish the prey irom thi strong, s0 they are forced to content themselves with a jackal! feast on the carrion extremities of a moribund ewpire, . * * . * . oe P 2 into the ‘With the repeal of legislative premiums and encouregemonts, agriculture, as well in the torrid as in the temperate zone: follow its course, to he benefit of ell parties, and to the increasing supply of necessery article, especially of grain, cotton, and sugar, which being products greater variety of localities, will become far more abun- cant and uniform in tho supply and the price, than the [bead of a single country or region could ever ecome. (From the Bermuda Hersld, Nov. 26] The war betweon these two republics does not seem to be rapidly ar preaching-its termination. The Ameri can army, it is true, has been able to penetrate some dis- tance inte the enemy’s ceuntry, but en :cesses which have produced this result have been dearly bought, ee respects the sacrificc human life, and its victories been far from Indeed the warfare that is wand on both side most sapguinery charac- te: 6 force f tl State: ver they bave been opposed, hav: red severely, and the Mex- icans have every where manifested the most determined and rancorous hostility. We havo not seen it how brnanp neticed, but the pro- portion of killed to wounded, far exceeds that which nerally attends modern warfare, wounds that re inflicted were of the most deadly character, such ways result from encounter, and ‘where id the Bowie knife are 0 is of | Uni too strong a hand, Me: ‘a ready gratification for Texas yet bey or remarkably smail, and few ong the trophies of victory. jal accounts that have been pul the United States, evidently do not tell told ; and for ten days after the battle of Monterey, pretended that General ‘Taylor ad not been able to make up his lists, not having received returns from the reg: ments that were ongnged ; but enough has been pub. lished to sanction the conclusion that he must have lost in killed, wounded and missing upwards of one-fifth of the troops under his commend. A few more such victo- ries would be equal to the most disastrous defeat. The American popers do not afford dny informati to the steps that are being taken to: nor is it epparent that aay additional quo! had been called for by the general govei quently the American commander is le! uimeeli from the perilous situation in which be'wes laced at the date ef the last accounts, in the e oan. Tre adoption of mo loudly called for by writers in b; attack on Vera Cruz, or the occupetion even if the castle could net be compelled ppears to be a favorite measure with the nation at large That the American troops, both regulars and volunteers, hawe behaved wtih the wtmost Sota no one wili pretend ‘and the strong position: were assailed and terey, under a mi structive Are, ant. fests the utmoat intrepidity ; and thie tn the fa of supe rior numbers occupying @ strong, and in some instonces, fine: cr lus made himeelf acquainted with the must acknowledge that the nation (From the Toronto, Canada, Examiner.) . . . . * . ‘The commercial world bes eve: taping cession of Polk’s opponent whi Uhe present administration is disposed to join En id the glorious march of free trade Di yt Webster is the leader of the whigs, end with him it is all protection or monopoly. He recently mad at Philadelphia, denouncing the whole cow minietration, and es donment of protection. meet the question on its own s. ral Jackson gs an infallible standard, everything that deviates from that standard. The whigs geining majorities in several of the State legislatures, and this revives their hopes of yet being able to carry out their suicidal tariff policy. —== fear from then the army of voluntecrs See lily what he regards as the Varicties. Hon. Samuel B. Moore, formerly Governor of Ala- bama, died at C Iton, last week. The Virginia Legislature takes during the “ In Charleston, on the 18th inst.,a chael Grace, from Frankford, Maine, was sh person unknown. He is not expected to reco The Constitutional Convention, Wiscomio, have pass” ed negro suffrage resolutions by a vote of 58 to 46. The saw mill and sxe factory near Pittsburgh, owned by the Kev. Z. H. Coston, were entirely destroyed by fire on Friday morning last. Loss In addition to various other sums collected, $260 was made up in Mobile, for Sergesnt Kelly, the Tinta Yeumster of the date Major Ringgold. recess ofthree weeks A, gh ‘ eee encounter we - "Ke ave no reartp ing ie we Piuntal pla. from all quarters represent the late gs vom Thureda y last, as very destructive to shipping. J is to be built from Utica to Martinsburg Die eeee Jy iaileae-cost estimated et $3000 per mile. ‘The Coneda plank roads were built for much less { money. r- re advancing to theit wid ; while the American Geaeral, should he udvence, must do so with « reduced force, es a strong party must be leit in his rear, to keep open his communication, ani to secure the con- stant transmission of supplies, both of ssmunition and imon, which require. observe ‘ik, the ceptain limited his stey to one hour. ne Meolled through the streets he. pessed a lottery office and went in and purchased a ticket, which drew a prize of $5, Monsieur Charles, the great on bis back by John Keys, at evening. John pocketed the who would throw Charles. ve it rtated im chee the papers, that an ad- it force cannet be calied out, withoat the does not assem- sanction ef Congress, which we bei; ble till z if such is the fvct, the American by Fenoe Lf eared jing cut up in deteil ; os jxiounhe are evidently not so unprepered to resist advance asseemsto have been supposed ; and if the statements thet are published in tie United States— which itis seid have been received from Mexico—are to be relied upon, any step made in advance will meet with the most determined opposition, where the nature of the country will emable the retiring {oe to make a stand ; pio ad ed retrograde movement must be attended with certain is Altogether, it i¢ a most extraordinary wer ; two ne tions ere inh 4 and months after these have commenced, neither of them have msde a formal declaration of war; end the oceam ie cavigated as se- pasos as if it were a porivd of profound prace and ia- wrestler, wes thrown fet Baltimore, last Saturdey $100 offered to any one A movement is making in Oswego county, te concen- trate the public buil sat some central the nt * Whey Cnt divided neseeon: Puls! aus | loog pending trial of Thompson & Co ited State Circuit Court, wt Boston, son & Co., for an violation of the Post-office law resulted in a verdict for the department. Sporting Intelligence. M C New Onseans, Seturday, Dec. soe eb wenpeebee-tnrek, Gebkapaats OL $300—forfelt $25—three mile hents. . Miller's b. £. by Boston, dam by im pai icmntiree nme” cong Diet yon. 9.9 Leviathan, out of Glance, —b y. 0 jsaac Van {one gt.c,, own brother to Reel—4y. 0. p.ft- e Su Deo 13, 1916.—Proprietor’s purse $100— neat Oe between heats, 20 mina! ntrance Robert O'fienion's chm. by Glencoe, dam ——; 5 ne Ceaweity ch: 'g. irty, by alias, ‘out ‘ot jetsey Baker; —v hes tee eee eee 1D. Poindexter J. Kilpatrick's b. c. by Sir Bidney, out of an imp. mare; 4 years old...,.... 6.655 Pree | Time, 1:96; 1:87. Both heats won easily by the mare. {From the Jamaica Dispatcis, Oct. 24 } The advances towards that end which appears to be | the inevitablo result of free,tiwce as applied to colonial | productious, evidenced vy tho stote of the produce mar- | kets atthe Ume of the ceparture of the lust mails from England, have not tended « quet the epprehensions which bad been justly tormed vy the coloniats when the faithless edict was first promuigated. ay Were not taken by surprise, therefore, wien they heard that slave sugurs were snper-ociog the produce of these free colonies, neither vii they nesilaie to uccredit the report ot aLondoa paper, which vesures ws that slave must persede free Labor, Who, indeed, could | it—-who, thatknows the difficulties wi puis Sante. | A gentleman landed from a stesmboat at Menge! Se | to | York? Among lieve. | ‘HIGHLY INTERESTING SEAT OF WAR. MOVEMENT OF TROOPS. Town of Parras in the Possession of General Wool. |The Reported March of Santa Anna to the Capital, | | General Taylor’s March to Victoria. Special Despatches to the New York Herald Office. Sic, dic., dice The steamship Alabema arrived at New Orleans on the 16th instant, bringing detes from Brazos to the 11th and Monterey to the Ist. Among the passengers are about 26 officers, part of them sick, and 256 sick and discharged soldiers, including » number wounded at Monterey. The third Indiana regiment was under marching orders from. Monterey fer Camargoand onwards The third and fourth reguments of Illinois volunteers hed returned Jo Matano tas from the mouth ofthe river, whither they had proceed: ¢d a fow days provious.on their way to Tam, - pico Generel Shields wea &t Tampico, and pono nd i. ments would march under Gen. Petterson to weet him there. The Tennessee cavairy, since their at had been re-organized into . Col. the remainder of the Alabama regiment, ar- ved amoras on the 8th The which pre. viously arrived, had taken ship for Tampico, but w ordered ashore ogain. All was life and je at M mores The schooner Policy, ehartered by the Gov ment, had been lost. The steamer Sea was stil) as on rida od breakers, and it was feared would pre total loss. Gen. Taylo+had returned. from Saltillo, which was in the quiet possession of tne troops under Gen. W orth. No demonstration had been made sgainst him; tho: at a distance of only thirty miles the soauts of Gen. had discovered about 3000 cavalry, said to be sent from Potoui. Gen Wool hes been ordered by Gen. a tion to Gen Wool, but were prepared to peaceably. His troops are ying excellent heeith.end are in the, finest state of disci ba was understood thet Gen. Taylor would ocew: the line of operations to pico. shortly take up the line of march rumor says Santa Anna hes 10 000 c! The possesnion of Victoria is to Gen. Taylor, to secure his lines of en attack upon Potosi.” Santa Anna wot sist the attempt. Gen. Teylor was ae the 10th of December, with the ad, 41 the dragoons,under Col. Harney, Bragg’s battery and two Tegiments of volunteers. ca is iz mend would 3 » Gen. Butler will be left in}comm: his health should admit, otherwise the devolve upon Col. seuth. Gen. Butler’ improving. it was sil on good authority thet Santa Anna fearing that the new Congress, which was about to assemble the Capital, would not sustain him, marched thither with seven thousand men, under the pretence of putting down another outbreak among the | omg Potosi wes in a strong state of defence, and ly receiving eddi- tions to its strength. Gen. Shields was to take command of Tempice. Gen. Pillow was to take command of the volunteers sitached to General Patterson’s bi le, apd march fer Victeria. A rumor prevailed at Brazos on the 11th, and wes nerally believed, thetsixty government wi wi provisions and specie, hai bes ured by anaies, oD the road between Camargo It was believed that Sant intended to h: General Taylor, and make a stand against him w wouid soon require hard fighting. HERALD MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE. Maramonas, Mexico, Nov. 25, 1646. It seems now to be decidedthat the next two weeks are to be employed in pushing forward our troops, and fully occupying the conque-ed territory. Gen. Tayler will advance up to the mountains with his army and sup- plies; during §the coming movth he will look at Senta Anpa through the gorges of the Sierra, und afterwards he will act sto him may seen geerar. 1 understand a column of two thousand men js to move from this point to the interior in a. few days. tions are actively going. on. Aconsiderable wagon is now ready for tho transportation of forage spd pre- visions. Pack mules willbe used for carry fog tentsand beggage. General Patterson, now in command at Ce murgo, will lead this expedition. ‘To cbaracterize or de- fine it would be dificult. Fighting is not to be expected any more this side the mountains. it may be regarded ‘as a species of colonization, and | wish heartily our oo- was followed by a thousand or two Yankee fami- with their ploughs, and their harrows, and their to dive into the bowels of this hitherto neglected - 1 would see the poverty stricken renche, contain- ing ascore ofheif naked, indolent, natives, give way te the comfortable farm house, filled with the members ofa race worthy to inhebit so fair a land. The bumble writer of this isan open, undisguised advocate of the annexation of all the Mexican territory thus far mi ae We have ane stue ina war Peden een forced upon ver tian should desire that a land,/which bute lite Isbot | would cause to flow with milk and honey, may pass into | the hands of men capable of appreciating the adv nature has so bountifully given. Never ought our vernment to surrender one inch of this soft; and ifs hoped that no more party divisions will interfere with such a settlemet of this matter, as the vital interests of our and race demand. Gur flog is at Tampico end Mont ‘and Saltillo. In a few deys it will feat et San Fernando and Victoria, and Linares. Let it never come down If Mexice will havo war, let her pay the bill. Trade is becoming quite brisk in Matemoras, and. supplies of our manufuctures are daily arriving. country people come in more freely, since the Canales and his rancheros is no longer ae) therr eyes. Great quantities of carried to Monte this so celled Mexi- which we are to occupy. This, after ali, is the ficient mode of making war against can government—open their ports—stop their supplies— give to their peopls cheap goods. 1 observe in the New Orivais papers a report of a dis- turbance in the capitel, which is said to cause no little uneasiness to Santa Anna. This rumor reached this city, several days ago, through Mexicans, but we never know what reliance to give their stories. The Alcede now believes Senta Anna to be @ prisoner. He is cousi- dered a traitor, for having abendoned Tampico and with- drawn from Saltile. A Mexican General days bas aherd fate. Unless he defeats General Taylor, he is “*iem ‘aot que sole at ought not to take posses- am no! sure that we sion of the catire country, and begin to send our dele- gates to Congress et Washington. x.Y. Zz. Matamonas, Nov. 28, 1846. The movement of troops from Cemarge has com- menced, and is new going forward with great activity’ Nearly an entire regiment has slready arrived, and every steamer thence is loaded to overfiowing. The Colonel Croas yesterday brought six companies of an Illinois re-" b; a iment, which is ced dally $2, ance: yay ¥ 2. P jatemoras towards The Curtis, Lane, and mand Colonel regular and volunteer troops, have Camargo into the interior. The tillo to #ee that o ry, earsiewens the good fortune of this army mander of the greatest industry ost indomi able energy. He is at himeelf that labors are we sal No s a sont in. 1845, with his little ” frontiers of ‘Texas, was one of the most in the history of our government. Some wise have, who discover nothing praiseworthy in the it in the present war, or admirable in the eneral. Yet the sober, a Express, | “eExprest, | tant theatre of the delays atthe B expenses; Stier being landed, the stores and public Bo means fafe from tho ravages of the | quent on this coast. Though we forget of eind democral latter, Has there this lying people we