The New York Herald Newspaper, July 6, 1846, Page 1

X Vol. XII, No. 186—-Whole No, £408, By Spee FROM BOSTON TO THE ial and Extraordinary Express ] the NEW YORK HERALD OFFICE. Important from Europe. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA, | HALF A MONTH LATER. The Receipt of the News of the Bat- | tles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma in Europe. 178 EFFECT IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE. The Oregon and Mexican Questions IN EUROPE. The Death of the Pope of Rome. THE REVOLUTION IN POLAND. FALL IN THE PRICE OF COTTON. THE LONDON MONEY MARKET. &e., We, &e. The steam ship Britannia, Captain Hewitt, The Corn Bill in the House of Lords. chan a A \ ar rived at Boston at about nine o’clock Saturday morning, with advices from Liverpool to the 19th ult., inclusive. Our special messenger, Mr. L. Bigelow, of the Boston, Fitchburg and Keene Express Line, im- mediately boarded the steamer, obtained a file of papers, jumped on the locomotive Mars, and ran over the Worcester road to Worcester, then took the General Putnam to Allyn’s Point; then the splendid steamer New Haven, Capt. Van Pelt, to Greenport; and then the locomotive New Y ork over the superb Long Island Road to Brooklyn— running the whole distance in ten hours. This may be considered remarkably quick time on a day like yesterday, when there were so many extra trains on the several roads with immense crowds of passengers en route. Our messenger, however, who is the Napoleon ef the Expresses, did not permit any thing to prevent him from making good time. No live Yankee can beat him. But itis to be remembered that he was indebt- ed tothe energy of Mr. Fisher, the gentlemanly conductor of the Long Island train, and to Capt. Van Pelt, of the New Haven, for their assistance. The news thus received is of considerable im- portance ; particularly ina commercial poin view. The official despatches of General Taylor, t of de- scribing the brilliant patties of Palo Alto and Re- saca de la Palina, had reached England and France, and produced the desired effect. The despatches ef “Old Rough and Ready” were praised as much in Englandas they were abused in Canada. The Corn Bilihad been taken up again in the House of Lords, and considered ‘‘as good as passed.” There had been a decline in the price of cot- ton. The Pope of Rome is dead. We give the par- ticulars of his demise in another column. ‘The Queen of England had fully recovered health. The Royal Infants were well. her The Mexican funds were, of course, affected by the war news from the Rio Grande. According to the Limerick ter, grants have left that oity for the nited ing the present season. 3857 emi- States dur- The number a in England was, in 1813, 1,426,066; in number. Rumors prevail that negotiations have been opened between England and Brazi they were 1,539,490 in ain for the admission of the sugar of the latter country. Among the foreigners of distinction now in Lon- doa are several young East Indians of a lary for- tune, come over to make acquaintance with Eng- Jand, its manners, customs, and people. The British Government have sent a Mr. Hood to the River Plate, to effect a settlement of differences between Rosas and Monte Video. An effort is_bein; — for Mr. Col £Y the made to raise a national sub- len, which will amount to ,000, or it may be even £200,000. The move ment for this purpose has commenced in chester. The three dead bodies discovered lately at Man- the London and Birmingham Railway station, Cam- den-town, turn out to be those three Ameri- can Indians, which had been disinterred, and sent to Dr. Hunter, by some American physi The total wool im rted in uantity of forei; 1845 was 381 200Ibs.s which 2,609,100lbs. were re-exported. The total quantity of British wool exported was 9,059,448lbs. es ritish wool- len and worsted yarn 9,405,928i In the yenr 1821 322 BI engaged in the British whale fishery; in 1 these numbers had fallen to 85 ships and 4, hips and 12,788 men ai 008 mien; being a decrease in 20 years of 237 ships and 9,780 men, or 73 100ths. Accordin to a parliamentary return, the out- rages in Treland during the present year amount to 3782. Of these against the person; 1029 for those ¥i 1874 for offences against the public for other offences. The crime of sendi there are 871 for offences inst proper- ace, and ing threat- ening notes or letters seems to be principally prevalent, there being no less than 802 under this particular head. Ata grand review in Russia recently, at which the Emperor commanded in person, and which was attended by the foreign ambassadors and the Hite of St. mie ag upwards of 40,000 men were assembled, in Such a sight is not to be witnessed in a of the world—not even in France. ment of cavalry has a é finest state of discipline.— ny country Every regi- fferent colored’ horse, and every horse in each regiment, evento a mark, is alike. The following was posted Jerusalem Cotfee-house yeste' mt nig and m Most of our English men-of-war are up to the northward, to look out for squalls. the te attracted a deal of interest :—** Lima, h 2.—Arri- Spits Mojesty’s ship Juno, Blake, at Valpa- *the British squadron in the Pacific numbers 18 ships, and 835 guns ; the United Ststes squadron num. bers 7 ships and 146 guns. Tue Istumus or Panama.—The engineers dis- patched by the French Government to take the requisite sur 3 for the projected canal across the Isthmus, which is to join the two oceans, are stated in accounts from thence to have success- fully accomplished their mission. The preferable point for the end of the canal on the Pacific s.de was selected at Vanca de Monte, a few miles west of the city of Panama, in the valley of the Caimito. On the Atlantic side, the Bay of Leinon was fixed al) to the of Chi 8. Poeseroatien ot tie canal was 000,000 as attording su rior convenience for ship- The total cost of estimated at 125,- francs, or say five millions sterling. The total length would be 76 killometres. There would be the necessity for cutting an ‘immense tunnel,” | portant | which, for shipping, must form an im: portion of the estimated expense. The depth of the canal was to be about seven omar of the bottom twenty yards, and on forty five Presipent Porx.—A grent deal of curiosity the.width e surface has been created in eee by the arrival of some cotton from President "8 plantation with the letters and figures— P. 49th 1). isno ordinary | question remains as to what it can mean. orthree eaplain that “P.” mean that 49th D® means ‘ 49th degrev, the Oregon affair. 298 _--: marked The | connoisseurs of the cotton trade declare that this tton mark; and, therefore, the wo “ Polk”? and and refers to Oregon and Mexican Quest and Franee, fect of the Brilllant Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, (From the London Times, June ls) " The arrivad of the Britannia with the American, mails of the Ist instant, has put us in possession of ecisive intelligence from the theatre of war on the RioGrande. The Mexican forces have been wholly unable to support by their cou cipline in the field the operaiions ah had been conceived and directed, not without con- | siderable military skill by ther commanders. In spite of a numerical superiority, amounting to three-fold the American force under General Taylor, the Mexican troops on the left bank of the river have been totally routed; and an opportu- nity, which is not likely to reeur, of intleung a | heavy blow upon the euemy in a position of great difficulty, has ended, on the contiary, iu a signal | triumpli of General Taylor’s litle corps, and a shameful repulse of the Mexican forces. * * * * * * The despatches of General Taylor are remark- | able for ‘heir succinct sere and the absence of i ‘ions in England The E: those verbose and grandiloqvent strains which we are accustomed to meet with in narratives of | American exploits. He writes like a man of | sense, skill, and courage ; and we have not the slightest wish to detract from the honors he has fate earned under the flag of his country. hatever opinion we may entertain of the cause of this war, and of the political motives in which it originated, the behavior of the American gen- eral and hit t oops deserves to be judged of by a much higher standard than the policy of the go- verninent which itis their duty to serve. The conduet of the Mexican army, on the contrary, demonstrates the utter inability of that govern- ment to protect any portion of its dominions from invasion ; and it degrades the descendants of the Spanish Americans still lower in the rank of na- tions. | * * * * * We are curious to learn what the effects of this vietory will be in both countries. In the United States it will probably stimulate to excess the military fervor of which so many symptoms are | already perceptible ; and volunteers, who were slow to relieve General Taylor at his utmost need, will sally forth in tigukands to join a victorious captain. But ifthe American army is yet to un- deriake a campaign south of the Rio Grande, its reatest perils are yet tocome. The hot weather as set in; the yellow fever is raging on the coast; and to advance into the interior of Mexico at this time, will be an operation of extreme difficulty. In Mexico, it is not improbable that some fresh revolution will change the aspect of affairs. [From the Londen Times, June 18) The urgent pressure of political controversy at home has hitherto prevented us from recurring to the intelli- gence lately received from the United States, ard more ticularly to the diplomatic correspondence between the Mexican Government end the United States Envoy, which is bey to have caused the rupture between the two republics. As elucidating the causes of the war, or the grounds on whic) it is undertaken, however. these documents deserve no notice at our hands. The whole tenor of the communicutions which have passed between the two governments, with reference to the an- nexetion of Texas, for several years, has demonstrated that no terms could satisfy the aggressive policy of the United States. The acquisition of Texas was only a name given to finite aggrandizement ; and the fron- tiers of that province were purposely represented by the American immigrants as impertectly defined, in or- der that when the principle of annexation had once tri- umphed over the might be so itraints of justice and of treaties, it the rged and extended as to engorge largest possible amount of the Mexican territory. short, it requires no discrimination of political moti and no minute acquaintance with the secret sprin; events, to recognize in this transaction all the ancient characteristics of those vulgar crimes which have in all ages disgraced human nature, disturbed lations of States, and sacriticed the feeble to the arrogance and ambition of the strong. ‘he war has now broken out, the Ame 3 have been crowned with suc- . : \d Jong since anticipated, this conte: this shedding of blood, this excitement and stir of arms, Kindled pats Sy baed Americaa democracy a fiercer passion than would have been dreamt of afew years ago ‘The severest censors of the declining public lity and the increasing social defects of the Anglo-American have scarcely ventured to predict enormi- ties 90 t reat ns those which have already been commit- |. It we bad ventured to tell them a iew years ago that they would ere long reject the policy of pence far that of war, appropriate vast sums of money to military and naval purposes, and arm the population of the United States, for the purpose of plundering and bullying a powerless neighbor, we should have been told with in- dignation that such excesses were incompatible with the principles of the American constitution, and repugnant to the spirit of the American people. But the declivity en which the policy of the United States has for some time been launched, admits of no rest, and has no turn- ing. All the restraints which the prudence of statesme: the resistance of certain classes of society, and tl authority of enlightened and humane opinions, may else- where put upon popular impetuotity, are absent or an- nulled. The passions, as well as the convictions of the majority, are absolute. So that no act is so monstrous that it may not be committed under sufficient excitement by the American people, and sanctioned by the scanda- lous maxim—“ Our country, right or wrong.” These are precisely the consequences which have invariably ‘ollowed the experiment of pure democratic government in all ages ; and the Americans bid fair to give the world the most complete and the most wublushing exhibition of a democratic policy abroad ax well as at home.— Itis very uncertain to What length Mr. Polk may think fit to carry this experiment, or by what means he may expect to surmouat the diffic y which it may be a far as his party ob- served his purpose in a variety of ways. The President has little to apprehend from a hostile investigation of the causes of a war which has armed him with so much atronage and popularity; and he has opened a vein of influence, which will probably raise even his own me- diocrity to distinction, and lead his suc ular support by ese general consid: oct of the American army onthe Grande, is to render improbable thut tho war will be terminated by a arrangement of the frontier of Texas. The American had ly crossed the riv. nd.teken Mate- moras. No enemy was in. sight; and the reeruits, now erriving in great numbers from the north, will not be easily pe: to return to their homes, without e campaign in Mexico. Eventhe plunder of the Mexican churches has been — recommended by the demo- cratic newspapers of the United States, as an induce- ment to adventurers to join the army of invasion; and the spirit in which these hostilities are likely tobe pro- secuted, and are supported by the war- meetings in all parts of the Union, is more like the irruption of a horde, than the systematic operations of a regular army, sent to effecta specific political object, and no more. The next intelligence which may be expected from Califor- nia, where Captain Fremont is preparing to consum- mate the purpose of his “ exploring expeditions,” the establishment of the blockade, and the assembly of troops prepared to advance to Mexico itself, will give a still further vehemence to conflagration, and it is impossible to assign limits to soldoute which may arise in the course of sucha wi ting the inte: es. The of European, as well as American connected with the blockade, are of the most nature, During the French blockade of Vera iz, the blockading squadron was directed not to intercept’ the transmission of the precious metals in British vessels of war from the ports of Mexico. 8 a mattor of great in- terest to ascertain how far this limitation will be observed. A prudent Goverament might readily avail itselfof the momentary energy with which the public mind in the United Staies has been turned from the discussion of the Oregon controversy tothe seizure of Mexican territory, in order to terminate the former difficulty, and re-estal lish amicable rel ns, On that point, at least, with this h nt war, therefore, appears to us to render an adjustment of the Oregon more practicable at this time, though less probable at a more advanced pe- riod. This inference confirms the confident anticipations which are entertained in the best info: this country, that the proposal taken out and which reached Boston on the day the Srom that port, will be accepted by the American Govern m the Mexican war will perhaps prove the 1g much greater calamities from the world ubjoct, we can- 5 and if a It is impossible to doubt | Geney of the American policy is rather warlike and Breall haan Pacific and conciliatory. T' | whig. pasty ities will complete the | the American peonie te, | intense than ever. c truction of the r the exaggerated confidence of jimatts not produce the benedts ef follow excess, but it will a0, Lice pa pene a ventive restraint; and if Pot stesso he oe etn mercantile interests, on our colonial dependencies, a0 on the independence of other States, we camer aie ourselves to expect (hata frm or lasting peace outdo sence 0! ‘1 et Pp so many elements of discord and {From the London Chronicle, June 16 The detailed commercial accounts Ted the United States have excited considerable attention ; they show how extremely sensitive a great com- mercial country, as America Uunquestonably is, is of any cause which unsettles business and disturbs credit. ‘The mercantile class, in al} the large places of business, and especially in New Orleans and New York, have already suffered so much from the alarm and discredit which the Mexican war has created, and parucularly by the certain withdrawal of the government deposits from the banks to provide for the war ex; enses, that we must expect that a resort to hosulities on the Ore- NEW YORK, MON | presentatives, for extending a territorial | meet these expressions in a similar spit n question will be nore than ever an wnpopul thing with those classes. Moreover, the ell ' DAY MORN rmers in the western States covered how quickly their interests are by any cause which interrapts “Western produce was accumulated at leans, and was unsaleable, owing to thé) tightness of inoney.” War, therefore, i than ever unpopular, and it is generally in the city that so favorable an Opportunity may not be lost for negotiating upon terms equally f able to both countries, for the settlement Oregon dispute. All accounts breathe desire to see this question settled, and a ho; England will make such a reply to * the as will second the spirit evinced by Cong, companying it with a desire that an termination of the long-penc thereby beaccelerated. The act of the § postponing the bill sent up from the Hou: ight in ment aver American citizens in Oregon, j 23 another evidence of the strong desire part to settle this dispute apoonel 7 a ther to embroil it. England will aet (From the Manchester Guardian of June , We are somewhat surprised to find_m: ties assuming that the victories on the Rio prove the utter inability of the Mexicans tend with the United States troops, and will put a speedy end to the war. Wi doubted the success of the Americans int batiles, if the Mexicans should be unwi to engage in them; nor do. we doubt iv of General Taylor to drive his enemi Matamoras, and to penetrate into Mex as the nature of the country, and hisabili u cute supplies, will enable him ; but if t [ex- icans are firm, the real contest will be only beginning. Like all men of the Spanish the Mexicans are admirably fitted for gueri fare; and the Americans would soon fi they had something else to do than to fight pi battles ; that the sort of warfare most fatal mvading army, is that which he has to s with hunger, and thirst, and toil, and wit who keep out of his way until they can t atadvantage. We believe that if the Mex’ should display one halfthe constancy whiel been usual under similar circumstances a their Spanish and South American brethren, war is not only far from a termination, but thatit will require great sacrifices from, and inflictgreat losses upon, the invaders, before they can dette terms of peace to the Mexican people. (i t [From the Live 1 Times, June 19.) - The rupture between Mexico and tit States has, of necrssity, attracted much att and bas interfered, more or less, with busin The fear of shipping in American bottomay like the baseless fabric of a vision, disa 1 but Lloyd’s still cling ridiculously to th high ty premiums. The feeling is not confined to land. The Paris paper, /.a Presse, asserts, in that many American orders have been_counter- manded in France, in consequence of the riap- ture between the two republics, Ei The wer itself has exercised the pens and the tongues of all the professional politicians in the old world. In the early stage of the struggle on the banks of the Rio Grande, when the American forces sustained one or two trifling guerilla re- verses, 2 good deal of sympathy was shown for the Mexicans, and if Jonathan had suffered more, the sorrow, we grieve to add, would not ‘have been intense. But when the Britannia arrived with an account of the battles of ‘*Palo Alto” and the “Palm Ravine,” in which the Mexicans, on what they claim as their own soil, with a force two or three times greater than their antagonists, were “wollopped” by the Americans, all sym- pathy disappeared, and contempt was the feel- ing universally felt and unequivocally expressed. A brave peope can aiford no sympathy with pol- troons. The bird that cannot fight on its own dunghill is only fit to grace the spit. The excla- mation of the old veteran, who declared that there were only two things in nature that he ab- horred—a poor man and a coward—expressed, in Hi antithesis, a good deal of the philosophy of ife. By the way, the brief but lucid despatches of General Taylor have attracted much admiration His pen, like his sword, deals only on the practi- cal. Merit is generally allied with modesty; and as he judiciously refrained from playing the brag- gart on paper, the same self confidence, it is clear, sustains him in the field. [Correspondence of the Liverpool Times) Paris, June 15.—The Journal des Debats has lately published a remarkable article on the state of affairs between Mexico and the United States. Your contemporary asserts that Mr. Polk has on- i ome against Mexico to compensate his defeat in Oregon, ana to regain the popularity which that defeat had brought upon him. It thinks that Mexico is totally unable to resist the Un’'ted States, and that the existing hostilities will result in its dismemberment, It thinks, too, that the States will endeavor to seize the Californias, to make up for what they will be obliged to lose in pare ie and it ne that the Californias are infi- nitely more valuable than that barren territory. It views all this with regret ; but, beyond a few sneers at Mr. Polk, for whom it appears to enter- tain profound contempt, it says nothing offensive to the United States. This fact deserves to be epettely, mentioned, for of late the great organ of the French government has appeared incapable ofeven naming the American republie without flowing over with wrath, or rather with disdain. The Epoque, the recognised organ of M. Guizot, Minister for Foreign Affairs, has also had a very long and carefully written article on the pending dispute between the two great republics of North: ern Americ: is article points out the necessity of France ant England interfering in the matter, in order to bring about 2 Teoonellintion, and to protect Mexico. It alleges that France has inte- rests sufficiently vast in Mexico to warrant such interference. “Considering the connexion be- tween this journal and M. Guizot, I am inclined to attach some importance to this lucubration, ns showing that if France has not interfered in the business, she assuredly will do so. Indeed, for my part, I entertain not the slightest doubt that the French governinent will be prepared, if ne- cessary, to give effectual protection to Mexico against her great neighbors ; for [ remember that in the course of the present session, M. Guizot de- clared from the tribune on two occasions that it was of vast importnnce to France that the United States should not seize Mexico, nor the English race absorb the Spanish ; and as he is not a man to talk without weighing the force and calculating the consequences of his expressions, I take it for granted that his declarations indicated the policy the French government had determined on pur- suing. [ have made statements to this effect be- fore, but they can see, be too often repeated, as I fear that too many of your readers run away with the notion that because Mr. Polk declared in his message that he would not admit any interfe- rence of European governments in the affairs of the American continent, European governments would timidly refrain from interference. In the (hamber of Deputies, yesterday, the Minister of Marine, in reference to the war be- tween the United States and Mexico, was asked if he intended to permit or to tolerate the extreme abuse which the Mexicans appeared disposed to make ef their l tters of marque; or whether he intended to maintain the princinle formerly adop- ted by French admirals, that all armed vessels, even bearing regular letters of marque, should be considered, pirates, if the captain and the crew were not born subjects (not naturalized, but ac- tually born subjects) of the country which issued the letters of marque? The Minister replied that the principle which guided the Ministry of the Marine in France, in reference to corsairs, was, thatfor a ship to have the right to sail under the French flag the captain mast be French, the offi- cers must be French, and two-thirds of the crew must be French. Nevertheless, in certain cir- cumstances, it was considered sufficient if three filths ot the crew were French. It was on such conditions that letters of marque were delivered in time of war to vessels navi ing under the French flag. The question that he,had been asked was, if foreign vessels, not placed in a situation rah analogous as to the com- position of their crews were to be considered as pirates? He answered, that the circumstances which constituted piracy, were determined the law of 1825; and that a vessel must be foun: in the precise conditions defined by that law. to be reputed a pirate. But, evidently, if French vessels of war were ordered to cruise in places in which French commerce needs protection, and if the captains of those vessels of war were to meet ships which, under a fereign flag, should have a captain, officers, and a majority of the créw not bel ing to the nation of that foreign flag, there would be just motives of suspicion, and the captains of such vessels of war ought, under their responsibi ,to take measures necessary to protect the interests of their country ; and it was only for French tribunals in the ports of France to decide the veri situation of the ships referred to. A ty then insisted that the ciples on which France acted were good, a er as chief of a great military corps, as giv- a French admiral to the Mexican government in | I in which he laid down that every vessel | bearing a letter of marque, but of which the cap- | tun and two-thirds of the crew should not be Mexdcan, would be considered a pirate, and treat- ed as such with ail the severity of the laws of war. The Minister replied as follows :—" That he had the honor to explain to the honorable de- | i that the rule of the marine, the rule of the i ers to captains and officers of ships of the | Ravy—that rule could not be the same as formerly. He knew the despatch that had been quoted—a | of it existed in his department, He thought e admiral who wrote it, had done well in i out a line of conduct to the officers under | his orders; but it remained to be seen that if the ships should be anchored in the ports nce, and be before tea aioe of the coun- at justice would proceed with respect to in the same manner. He beliaed that it act of them in the same manner. He be- li d that it was in the number of the first, the most important, duties of an admiral, to watch over the safety and the fortunes ef his country- men traversing the seas ; and he ought not to hesitate to take on his responsibility to arrest. a ship of which he had just cause of suspicion. But his righ did uot go so faras to warrant him, as was done of old, to declare the captain of the ves- sel a pirate, and to hang him at the yard arm.— Under Louis XIV. such was the way of acting ; captain, officers, and crew, recognised as pirates, were instantly treated as such. It was evident, however, that under a constitutional government there was a different manner of proceeding.”— The deputy who had previously spoken, retorted that he had notasked the Minister if the men would be hung at the yard-arm. He had asked if the captains of the vessels in the sea of the Antil- les would have the order to seize vessels calling themselves Mexicans, but of which the captain and the greater part of the crew should not be Mexicans. Iithey were brought to trial in a French port and acquitted, there would be no- thing to say. But what he wanted to know was, if their (the Eaneb captains would have orders to arrest them? Tothis question the Minister vouchsafed no reply. ‘From the Paris Sitcle.) The eventualittes of the war opened between the United States and Mexico strongly preoceupy the attention of the public mind in’ England — Amongst these eventualities to which, perhaps, the fall attention is not paid which they demand, there is one, at least, which we cannot exempt ourselves from examining seriously; we allude to privateeering, a barbarous practice still authori- by the right of nations. To require that 2 maratime nation, at war with another, shall not attack the commerce of the lat- ter, is a political absurdity. Commerce is an in- strumentof wealth; wealth, an instrument of power. Now, nations fight to diminish or destroy the ‘epin of each other; to require, in the name of the rights of nations, that the trade of the bel- ligerents shall remain free is to falsify the condi. tions of the contest, isto put an injustice in the place of an extension of natural right. For in stance, France, possessing a military marine which may, seving the number of points to be de- fended, attain a proportionate equality to that of England, and that power keeping up a merchant fivet five or six times more considerable than ours, itis evident that the freedom of the com- merce of the belligerents would rob us of a great advantage, supposing (which is not very supposa- ble) that such liberty could receive sufficient guar- antees, But the right of privateering, conceded by the State to private individuals, and exercised by means of corsairs, is not necessarily derived from the right of attacking the enemy’s trade with ships of war. Privawering, which has rendered ser- vices to France which we are far from forgetting, does not always produce Jean Barts or Surcoufs, but it invariably engenders passions of lucre, an hatred, from which it is of the highest import- ance urge a well organized society. The de- livery of letters of marque ought, therefore, to be interdicted by a declaration of France, England, and, the United States, to the efect that in future every corsair (privateer) should be deemed a pi- rate and treated as such by Admiralty law. All the other powers would certainly hasten to give in their adhesion to this declaration. The following are the news, we will not say the faets, which determine us to publish the torego- ing reflections :— ‘he Mexicans cannot attack the Americans by sen, except by privateering. The law requires that the crew ofa corsair shall consist (one-third atleast) of men_ belonging to the nation from which the corsair holds its letter of marque.— Nothing can be easier than the evasion of this ar- rangement. Supposing that the crew consists of 120 nen, 40 of them and a sham captain, born or naturalized Mexicans, will first be taken; then a real captain, without any legal title, and 80 “‘sea- wolves” of all nations will be engaged, including men whovyhave been dragged by a love of gain into all the hazards and sometimes all the excesses of an adventurous life. A corsair, thus constitu- ted, will pillage the commerce of the United States by the hands of Americans, and the com- merce ot Mexico by the hands of Mexicans; for there are on the shores of South America, bold Guineamen who will not refuse to enliston board corsairs bearii Union flag. Already, even, letters now us announce that ar- rangement is Sao for practising on a farge scale this system of pillage leagalized by letters of marque. Ought not this kind ot cruising, where you see the legal crew doing the kitchen work and wash: ing the deck, whilst'the real crew often belong. not all, at any rate the larger part—to the nation whose vessel is cay , to excite the reproba- tion of right minded men in all countries. But his is not all—the neutral cruisers will contest the nationality of many of these corsairs, will stop them, cannonade them, and thence will arise de- mands which will end the most grevious re- sults. Never was the necessity for abolishing cor- sairs more urgent,and never was the opportunity for attaining this object more propitious, than at present. The following is ly from the Foreign Office, to the petition of Mr. J. D. Powles, Chair- man of the South Am and Mexican Asso- ciation, relative to the with Mexico :— “ Sir,—I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to ac- know ledge the receipt o/ letter of the 2d instant, in which you call his Lordship’s attention to the disastrous results which are to be apprehended from the hostilities which have broken out between the United States and pee ale hope, on the part of the South American and Mexican Association, that Her Majesty’s Government may deem it expedient to interpose their ee offices in order to effect @ reconciliation between jose two governments. “Tamto state to you in rong that Her Majesty’s Government are fully corsciou® of all the evils tl must attend the rupture which ha’ unfortunately t place between the United States and Mexico, and cially of the fact that British intere: not fail to st most deeply from such, a state o} therefore, be well assured that Her ment will watch with the utmost vigil NG, JULY 6, 1846 | almost to think. of events, and will omit no favorable o ploying their best efforts with both the nts, in order to calui their animosities and to res! Peace be- tween the two countries. “Tam, sir, “ Your most obedient humble servant, “H, U. ADDINGTON. “J.D. Powles, Eeq., Chairman of the South American and Mexican Association.” Stare or tar Crors.—The weather is, and has been for some weeks past, delighful, but oppress sively hot. Following as ithas done the heavy rains ofa very wet spring,the earth has become'covered with a fuxuriant Ny evo ain and promises to give us one of man’s best blessings—an early and abundant harvest. The hay crop in the district of Liverpool is being well secured ; the quality ts reported to be excellent. The wheat crop, fro all the reports that we have seen, both in t the sister kingdoms, is likely to be most luxuriant, and ready at an unusually early period for the reaper’s sickle. The corn crop seems to have suflered a little from the scorching nature of the weather, and in some places by vermin; not- withstanding, where it has escaped both these perils, the appearance bids the husbandman take courage and rejoice at the prospet of a splen- did reward for all his labors. Reports begin to spread ting the blight amongst the potato crops. It has been reported as visiting the neighborhoods of Mg =e and Dublin, and a correspondent of the Gardner's Chronicle mentions that it has shown itself at i sg No doubt the state of the disease—if jt actually exists—has been exaggerated ; but we shall watch carefully, and report to our transat- lantic readers, from time to ume, all the informa- tion we can obtain upona matter so interesting and important both to Britain and America. In conneetion with this subject, it sl be remark- ed that the original cause of the potato murrain was supposed to have been the cold, wet spring and summer of 1845 ; whereas the present sum- mer has, up to this period, been characterised a want of rain and extreme heat ; the disorder, if but Mexico should be obliged to act w them | it really exists, cannot therefore have been occa- too. He then read an extract from a despatoh of sioned the Wenther.— Wilmer’ Times, ‘June 19. The Latest Commercial Intelligences {From the Liverpool Times, 9 The weather during the last night has been intensely, oppressively hot—too hot to move or | The thermometer, at times, has | reached a tropical altitude. The excessive | warmth has been without a parallel in England during the last sixteen or twenty years. That | aillicting visitation of Heaven, rarely wimessed in this country, death by coups de soleil, has been frequent in different parts of the land. ut the growing crops, notwithstanding the 4 excessive heat, look beautiful. There has been little rain, but the dews at night and morn have been frequent and refreshing, and with the | glorious sunshine above, are bringing forward the | produce of the fields magnificently. The harvest | promises to be abundant, and, what is herdly of | jess consequence, carly—the enrliest, indeed, for | years past. ; The sweets and sours of life are impartially blended, and there are few substantial benefits unaccompanied with more or less or evil. Now that the great experiment is being made in the rimary food of the people, nature pours her ounties, in derision, as it were, of man’s fore- sight. The prospect for the Knglish farmer cheerless, but he ie to thank his too dear frie! the monopolists, for it all. An immense quan of foreign wheat and fiour will be released from bond at the low rate ofduty when the Corn Bill has passed, and this will be thrown on the mar- ket just as the agriculiurist is sweeping the pro- duce of his prolitic fields into the granary, Prices will come down, there will be an agricultural panic, and the ery of ** the Corn Bill has done it” will be raised. But the fact is otherwise. Sup- ply and demand are relative terms. If the bond- ed wheat and flour conld have been released with certainty three or four months ago, the evil | would have been prevented, certainly mitigated. But the friends of a dear loaf carried their selfish- ness too fur. In hopes of ultimately throwing out the Corn Bill, they imposed every obstacle, in- vented every delay. Their tactics have proved fruitless, and ‘he poisoned ctralice has now return- ed to their own lips. The misfortune is, that the innocent suifer with the guilty. The poor farmer sutfersequally with the rich landlord; but the farmer was no party to the fraud, the latter was. Yet the shoulders least able to bear the burden are those on‘which it will press the heaviest. It is poor consolation for the hardworking son of the soil to be told that no great public benefit can beachieved without some individual suffering. If his landlord took such a plea as payment for rentit were well. But alas for aristocracy in Eng- land! The great bulk of the owners of broad acres, pressed by their artificial and imaginary wants, are poor—too poor to undersiand any argu- ment but the cash in hand. The nobleman or gentleman, whose estates yield £20,000 a-year and spends £21,000, is poor—as the farmers, to their cost, know; as the nation, to its sorrow, has bag tel the free-trade ground will take place in Suga: article which has too long “taken in” the country. The Sugar Duties expire on the 5th proximo, and some modificatiom must be introduced before that time, Peel’s views have not transpired; no opportunity for develop- ing them has been atforded him, The intermin able Coercion Bill occupies the front of the politi- cul stage, and engrosses the attention of the chief actors. ‘The moves of the chess-board point the moral of politics at the present moment. Each party is anxiously waiting for an opportunity to chee: mate its rival. The lower House has purposely procrastinated the ‘‘ talk” onthe Irish Bill, to afford the peers time for passing the Corn bill ; and the peers have returned the compliment by talking leisurely aboutCorn, and doing little, in the hope of wearing out the patience of the other House, and thereby accelerating the explosion which isto blow the Government into *‘ smash.” However, their lordships’ patience has been worn out sooner than was expected.’ Probably, the heat of the weather may have assisted the absorp- tion of their bile. Under any circumstances, it has been under- stood for soine days past, that Peel would not give up the reins until the Corn Bill had passed. “Pye staked my lifo upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die,” appears to have been,as with the Scottish thane,his resolve from the first. In so acting, he has shown bravery not less than excellent generalship, But the Sugar Duties must be settled by the resent or the next Government. Lord John Russell hasa scheme for reducing the duty on slave as well as colonial Sugar, on a scale extend- ing over four years, at the end of which time the pais will have ,to shift for themselves in the absence ofthat now-repudiated doctrine, ‘protec- tion.” As.all duty on Corn will cease in less than three yearsyit is desirable that Sugar, except for revenue, should be placed on an equally advan- tageous footing. But we are at the beginning of the end. The consumption of Sugar in this coun- try would ke increased to an almost incalculable extent with a low rate of duty, and the extinction of the stupid and dishonest cant about slave-grown sugar. The announcement that the Russian tariff would undergo an immediate relaxation, has caused great interest in commercial circles. Up to the present time the Russian tariff has been the most prohibitive in the world. The principal article purchased by England is Tallow, of which nearly a million cwt. is imported to this country, valued at almost a million and a half sterling. An export duty of 23 per cwt. has hitherto been exact- ed by the Russian Government, and this duty willbe at ence reduced to one-half; and at the same time a reduction of the import duties on woollen clgths and statis will also take place un- der an ukase of the-Emperor, who takes a lively interest in the proceeding. The step will be hailed by all friends of free-trade as one of most denitive becett arising from the steps taken late- ly in the same direction by ourown Government under Str Robert Peel. State of Parties In England. in Times, June 19.) nomalous, and betokens an n of political ties. ‘The speedy retirement of Sir Robert Peel is more than problematical, and the advent ef the whigs has come round again in the circle of passing events. The Pre- mier is preparing to fall, and he is destined to be tripped by the heels on an Irish question. As he found Ireland his “chief difficulty” when he commenced his career as the head of the government, some four or five years ago, #0 it bas haunted him in the interim, and he is doomed to make it his political grave. The course which Sir Robert has followed since Novembei * the pressure of extraordinary events, was calculated to tear up by the roocs the nearest and dearest personal and political associations. It has with an intensity of since 1829, It must be public duty which torn them up, rent them asund which there has been no paral a strong and overwhelming | isin store for us. ‘They raay be potent in the Price Two Cents. = ‘ommons, but they will be powerless in he Peers, and the battle of factions appears again in the ascendant. 'The Corn Bill in England. [From the Liverpool Times, June 19.] All fears for the safety of the Corn Bill are over. The mo critical stage—that of the Committee, has been passed triumphantly, and with a nume- rical strength greater than was anticipated. ‘The House of Lords went into committee on the Bill last Monday. On the first night the Duke of Buckingham moved an amendment, the effect of which, if carried, would have entailed upon the country a permanent sliding scale, varying from four shillings to ten shillings per quarter. This is the i Corn will have to hen a nominal duty o! ling per quarter 18 to be imposed for registry. The Duke, in proposing his amendment, did so in a tame, hum-draum speech, which showed that he had no faith in its success, ‘The result proved thathe was right. The votes showed a clear majo- rity of thirty three against it. There was a large muster of peers on either side, and as proxies are not admissible in committee, the supporters of the Government were far more numerous than previous calculations pointed at. But as drowning men eatch at straws, so the orotectionists, not content with the quietus on Monday, tried their hand at mutilating the bill on Tuesday night with the same result. The Earl of Wicklow moved another amendment, that af ter February, 1849, all corn, except the produce of the British cslonies, should pay a duty of 5s. per quarter. The peers negatived this by exactly the same number as on the previous night—thirty- three. The other clauses of the bill are to be considered this night, (Friday,) and the third reading will probably take place about the middle or the end of next week. Its safety may now be considered certain. What its political conse- quences will be, this is neither the time nor the place to consider. It is far and away the greatest fiscal measure of the age. Its influence wall not be limited to our own chine ; it will influence, in a greater or less degree, the policy of every com- mercial country in the world; and already its effects are observable in the relaxation of the Russian tariff, and in the altered views of nations which have thought that their wisest and olicy wig to follow the late stringent code of England. The United States, our greatest commercial ri- val, cannot long remain inert. Her legislature will march with the times, for it would be a libel upon the intelligence of that great and potent country to suppose that she can long be insensi- ble to the enlightened reciprocal views in com- mercial matters, which English philosophers have chalked out, and which English statesmen have carried practically into fect, at the sacrifice of their dearest personal and political connexions, prejudices and sympathies. The world has never witnessed, never will witness, devotion less selfish, patriotism ‘more pure, than Peel has given, by sacrificing his power and party on the altar of free-trade, Buta bright reward will be his—the brightest reward which a great and honest minis- ter can experience— “To scatter plenty o’e! iling land, And read his history ina nation’s ey es.” The British Parliament. Tuy Corn Biit.—-In the House of Lords, on Thursday, the 4th ult, * Lord Stantey moved for a copy of the address which had been receive: by the government from the House of Assembly in Canada. The Earl of Dat nousie hoped for the indulgence of the House while he defended himself from an imputation which had been thrown upon him in the other House, to the effect that, when he had said he had no reason to be lieve that the sentiments of the Canadian colonists were unfavorable to the minusterial project, he knew that the address for which Lord Stanley had just moved had arriv- ed, declaring in the strong: ms their hostility to a free trade in corn. He could only say that on applice- tion in the proper qua:ter be had learned that the steamer which brought the address in question had not reac Liverpool until after the debate on the corn laws in their lordships’ house was over, and, the: sical impossibility that he could ha existence. Lord Sran.xy stated that there was never any inten. tion of casting the slightest suspicion on the veracity of Lord Dalhousie. y After a few words from Lord Lytruxtow end Earl Gary the motion was agreed to. On Thursday, the Lith, the order of the day for going into committee having been read, Earl Stantorx: moved that the bill be committed that day six months. He regarded this measure as more im- portant than the reform bill, considering the magnitude of the interests involved in it, and the serious consequen- ces which would inevitably result from it. Lord Lrrtieron, as representing the colonial depert- ment in that House, wished to say afew words upon the subject of our colonial possessions, as effected by this measure, He was convinced that the colonies need be under no apprehensions from the free-trade, the Austra- jan colonies in particular; Australian wheat was the best in the ting what w colony, the 2 \d. With respect to Canada, even admit- said as to the effect of free-trade upon that ye had been said of other interests which had been affected by our cus He confessed that he labored under some gen in speaking aftor the address passed by the Canada assembly, so un- ctedly after the preceding debate; and in speaking before the receipt of the next mail, which would proba- bly modify the present state of things. His lordship re- ferred to various indications in the colony of different views and feelings from those embodied in the address, showing that apprehensions were not really entertained by the people of Conada of injury from this measure. On what ground was it supposed that the Canadians could not compete with the Americans in the corn trade? ‘The soil was the same, the wages of labor same, and ry of the Canadian wheat wi tothe best grown in England. 1u reference to carri and other respects, the advantage was in favor of Ca- nad: la. ee motion of Lord Stanhope was negatived without @ vision. On Monday, the 16th, the House went into committee on the bill, when The Duke of Bucxixcnam moved the omission in the first clause of the date “Ist of February, 1840,” the effect of which would be to continue in operation the slidi scale—so that after 18649 the duty on wheat at 48s wor be 10s per quarter, and at 53s and upwards, 4s. ‘i a iron opposed the amendment, on the its bein; at variance with the fered of the hil. Lord Beaumoyr contended that the bill would derange our foreign cemmerce as well as our agricultare, and at- tempted to show that the effect of the meesure would be to put into the pocket of foreigners the amount of reve nue which was sacrificed by the bill. On a division the Duke of Buckingham’s amendment was negatived, the numbers for the clause being 103, egainst it 136, majority 33. On Tuesday, the 16th, The Earl of Wic#iow moved an amendment to the ef- fect that, after the 1st of February. 1849, there should be a fixed duty of 68. on all foreign wheat, not the produce of the British colonies, instead of 1s. duty as proposed by he bill. A lengthened and interesting debate ensued, in which Lord Stanley and Lord Brougham took a Jencls part. Their lordships divided on the amendment, when there appeared—contents 107, non-contents 140 ; majority for government 33; The Chairman reported progress, and the committee adjourned till Friday. f¢ abuse, personal 1d to sit and reconcile a Mini: like and even scurrilous, which he is compel hear nightly from his own side of the House. It is the penalty he Pays for preferring his country to his party, it can hardly be wondered at that he,is anxious to ‘ape the infliction at the earliost ible moment. ‘The Irish Coercion Bill has been the means of fusing the otherwire discordant elements which run into an- tagonism against the Premier. The whigs, a fortnight back, resolved in “caucus” to oppose it; the Protec: tionists did the same; and strange as it may sound, Lord John Russell and Lord George Bentick found themselves in the same boat, with harpeon in hand, Sighting, against the First Lord of the Treasury and his sinking vessel. A few nights back the Protectionists had come to the determination of “cutting the cable” with Peel, Lord George, their lender, was delivered of one of the most bitter and personal attacks against his former lea- der, which that statesman has had to endure. D’israeli’s attacks have been biting and sarcastic, but they were try of politics as compared with Lord George's NUNRC Ua vebemeck promt “Tis Heisked. by, soowet iy and hunted an illustrious rela- tive of his (George ning) to death.” This speech necessarily excited at interest. It showed that no love was fosty ‘that ‘on the one side was received with mpt on the other; that feeling had sunk js so discordant, phrases ater hostility, and that materi] possibly combine, until, ns Wait upo per and his seat sur- was of treachery and of ‘8 in check; he bided his to the ears, and thrown it now for the fi his face, the bacgend individuel having, during the interval, been the honored and confident of his assailants. | A sease of fair play ig an instinct of an Englishm: accusations, when they are menfully met end retuted recoil upon the ser, ake’ for the accu So it is with Peel. To ; and now that | wer is passing away from igh in hin country mea's esteem. the wi have the ball at thei The Earl of of the customs dui ‘tated generally the grounds on which it i he went through the deta] of the sever tariff on which reduc- tions were proposed, and concluded by repud the notion that the mea: was one of pure free-trade, and therefore did not go far enough ; it was no free t measure at all, butone for the removal of prehibitive, and the gradual removal of protective duties. The Duke of Ricnmonv thought tbat the only reason ad the reduction — ar eb to ie ae ae 8 of those who disliked the agricuitural interest ; his veal enjection to all free trade measures wee that they tended to reduce the wages of our own artisans and le borers. He moved that ill*be read a second time that day six months. The Earlof Wicktow thought the whole conduct of the go ; rnment in this matter had been stamped with im- tolerable injustice. Bark ‘nee complained that tho bill wanted a clear and distinct principle. He accepted it, however, as a vala- able instalment, and as @ step in the right direction. Lord Asnncaton objected to the bill as most injurious to the interests of the country. He saw no reason why the present prosperous state of the country should not continue, fit were not destroye by im ie moegutens and he defied the government to show + prospe ty had any thing to do with the alteration in the c duties. Lord Monrracte thought the liberal commereial poll- oye Goreme eet ncae wera SUT § recent prosperity ; the present met step, but egress end considerable one in the right di rec ‘The bill was then read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Monday, the 16th. Steam between England and m the Liverpool Times, June 19.) Conversation in the ‘Howse of Commons relative to the increased — communication between Liver- and New York. Poet. Mires wished to know from the Govern- ment, whether any arrangements had been en tered into for establishing weekly communications my: Great byes ao AArmeriae, he Cuancettor of the Exe; i her Majesty’s Government, having jonnd it neces- sary to establish increaged communication tween. the two countries, entered imto & a with Messrs, Canard, under which woul Can they form a strong Government—one country, the Peers compton toe ce orcign relations on a perceetral 4 ‘Timo, that solves all things, will tel is, that the gre curse whic! hap- pabeeumycs weak and vacillating Government— date neat cf a gaa bat wen a forward state of prepa: . ny observation trom Mr. Hume, Sl sccm pom of the Excusqure stated: wh connected in consequence of