The New York Herald Newspaper, July 5, 1846, Page 1

Vol. XII, No. 164—Whole No. 4407. EIGHT O'CLOCK, A. M. —— By Special and Extraordinary Express FROM BOSTON TO THE NEW YORK HERALD OFFICE. Important from Europe. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA. HALF A MONTH LATER. The Receipt of the News of the Bat- tles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma in Europe. ITS BFFECT IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE. The Oregon and Mexican Questions IN EUROPE. The Death of the Pope of Rome. THE REVOLUTION IN POLAND. FALL IN THE PRICE OF COTTON. THE LONDON MONEY MARKET. The Corn Bill in the House of Lords. &e,, &e, &e, The steam ship Britannia, Captain Hewitt, ar-. rived at Boston, at about nine o’clock yesterday morning, with advices from Liverpool to the 19th ult., inclusive. Our special messenger, Mr. L. Bigelow, of the Boston, Fitchburgh and Keene Express Line, im- mediately boarded the steamer, obtained a file of papers, jumped on the locomotive Mars, and ran over the Worcester road to Worcester, then took the General Putnam to Allyn’s Point; then the splendid steamer New Haven, Capt. Van Pelt, to Greenport; and then the losomotive New York over the superb Long Island Road to Brooklyn— running the whole distance in ten hours. This may be considered remarkably quick time ona day like yesterday, when there were so many extra trains on the several roads with immense crowds of passengers en route. Our messenger, however, who is the Napoleon of the Expresses, did not permit any thing to prevent him from making good time. No live Yankee can beat him. But it is to be remembered that he was indebt- ed to the energy of Mr. Fisher, the gentlemanly conductor of the Long Island train, and to Capt. Van Pelt, of the New Haven, for their assistance. The news thus received is of considerable im- portance ; particularly ina commercial point of view. The official despatches of General Taylor, de- scribing the brilliant battles of Palo Alto and Re- saca de la Palma, had reached England and France, and produced the desired effect. The despatches ef “Old Rough and Ready” were praised as much in Englandas they were abused in Canada. The Corn Bill had been taken up again in the House of Lords, and considered ‘“‘as good as passed.” There had been a decline in the price of cot- ton. The Pope of Rome is dead. The Queen of England had fully recovered her health. The Royal Infants wete well. The Mexican funds were, of course, affected by the war news from the Rio Grande. According to the Limerick Reporter, 3857 emi- grants have left that city for the United States dur- ing the present season. The number ak lig? in England was, in 1813, 1,426,065 ; in , they were 1,539,490 in number. Rumors prevail that negotiations have again been opeted between England and Brazil for the admission of the sugar of the latter country. Aimong the foreigners of distinction now in Lon- don are several young East Indians ofa large _for- tune, come over to make acquaintance with Eng- Jand, its manners, customs, and people. The Brifish Government have sent a Mr. Hood to the Kiver Plate, to effect a settlement of the differences between Rosas and Monte Video. An effort is being made to raise a national sub- seription for Mr. Cobden, which will amount to £100,000, or it may be even £200,000. The move- ment for this purpose has commenced in Man- chester. The three dead bodies discovered lately at the London and Birmingham Railway station, Cam- den-town, turn out to be those of three Ameri- can Indians, which had been disinterred, and sent to Dr. Hunter, by some American physiologist. The beg of foreign wool porn in 1845 was 65,551 bs.; of which 2,609,100Ibs. were re-exported. The total quantity of British wool exported was 9,059,448Ibs ; of British wool- len and worsted yarn 9,405,928lbs. In the year 1821 322 ships and 12,788 men were engaged ‘in the British whale fishery; in 1841 these numbers had fallen to 85 ships and 4, men; being a decrease in 20 years of 237 ships and 9,730 men, or 73 100ths. fe Starz or THe Crors.—The weather is, and has been for some weeks past, delighful, but oppres- sively hot. Following as ithas done the heavy rains of a very wet spring,the earth has become covered with a luxuriant vegetation, and promises to give us one of man’s best blessings—an early and abundant harvest. The hay crop is the district of Liverpool is being well secured ; the quality is reported to be excellent. The wheat crop, from all the reports that we have seen, both in this and the sister kingdoms, is likely to be most luxuriant, and ready at an unusually early period for the boar sickle. The corn crop seems to have su red i little from the scorching nature of the. weather, and in some places by vermin; not- withstanding, where it has escaped both these perils, the appearance oats bids the husbandman take cow and rejoice at the prospet of a splen- did reward for all his labors. Reports begin to spread respecting the blight amongst the potato crops. Ii has been reported as visiting the neighborhoods of Gi; w and Dublin, and a correspondent of the Gardner’s Chronicle mentions that it has shown itself at Portugal. No doubt the state of the disease—if it actually exists—has been exaggerated ; but we shia!) watch carefully, and report to our transat- lantic readers, from time to time, all the informa- tion we can obtain upona matter so interesting and important both to Britain and America, In connestion with this subject, it should be remark- ed that the original cause of the potato murrain was supposed to have been the cold, wet spring and <minmer of 1845 ; whereas the present sum- mer has, up to this period, been characterised by Ayer of rain and extreme Fa the ap a if it really exists, cannot therefore have been occa- pioned by the weathor.—Wilmer’s Times, June 19, NEW YORK, SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 5, 1846. The Oregon and Mexican Questions in England and Franee. The Effect of the Brilliant Battles of Palo Alto and Resacea de la Palma. {From the London Times, June 15.) The despatches of General Taylor are remark- able for /heir succinct energy, and the absence of those verbose and grandiloquent strains which we are accustomed to meet with in narratives of American exploits. He writes like a man of sense, skill, and courage ; and we have not the slightest wish to detract from the honors he has antly earned under the flag of his country. Wherever opinion we may entertain of the cause of this war, and of the political motives in which it originated, the behavior of the American gen- eral and his troops deserves to be judged of by a much higher standard than the policy of the go- vernment which itis their duty to serve. ne conduct of the Mexican army, on the eontrary, demonstrates the utter inability of that govern- ment to protect any portion of its dominions from invasion ; and it degrades the descendants of the Spanish Americans still lower in the rank of na- tons. (From the London Chronicle, June 16.) The detailed commercial accounts from the United States haveexcited considerable attention ; they show how extremely sensitive a great com- mercial country, as America unquestonably is, is of any cause which unsettles business and disturbs credit. The mercantile class, in all the large place: of business, and especially in New Orleans and New York, have already suffered so much from the alarm and discredit which the Mexican war has created, and particularly by the certain withdrawal of the government deposits from the banks to provide for the war expenses, that we must expeot that a resort to hostilities‘on the Ore- gon question will be more than ever an unpopular thing with those classes. Moreover, the dealers and farmers in the western States have also dis- covered how quickly their interests are affected by amy cause which interrupts commerce. ““Western produce was accumulated at New Or- leans, and was unsaleable, owing to the great tightness of money.” War, therefore, is more than ever unpopular, and it is generally hoped in the city that so favorable an opportunity may not be lost for negotiating upon terms equally favor- able to both countries, for the settlement of the Oregon dispute. All accounts breathe a strong desire to see this question settled, anda hope that England will make such a sen “the notice” as will second the spirit evinced by Congress in ac- companying it with a desire that an amicable termination of the epee, controversy might thereby beaceelerated. The act of the Senate, in postponing the bill sent up from the House of Re- presentatives, for extending a territorial govern- ment over American citizens in Oregon, is urged as another evidence of the strong desire on their part to settle this dispute amicably, and not fur- ther to embroil it, England will act wisely to meet these expressions in a similar apis. (From the Manchester Guardian of June 17.) _ We are somewhat surprised to find many par- ties assuming that the victories on the Rio Grande prove the utter inability of the Mexicans to con- tend with the United States troops, and that they will put a speedy end to the war. We never doubted the success of the Americans in pitched battles, it the Mexicans should be unwise enough to en; in them ; nor da we not doubt the abil- ity of General Taylor to drive his enemies from | make ef their | tters of marque ; or whether he intended te maintain the ae formerly ado} ted by Freneh admirals, that all armed ipaanels, even bearing regular letters of marque, be considered pirates, if the captain and were not born subjects (not naturalized, but ac- tually born subjects) of the country which issued the letters of marque? The Minister replied that crew the principle which guided the Ministey of the Marine in France, in reference io co: was, | that fora ship to have the right to sail r the French flag the captain must be Fren offi- cers must be French, and two-thirds crew must be French. Nevertheless, in in cir cumstances, it was considered suffici three- fifths ot the crew were French. It was on stich conditions that letters of marque were Miiivered in time of war to vessels navigatin r the French flag. The question that been asked was, if foreign vessels, not pl in a situation perfectly analogous as x com- position of their crews were to be ci as pirates? He answered, that the cire! es which constituted piracy, were deter by the law of 1825; and that a vessel must be founi in the precise conditions defined by that law. to be reputed a pirate. But, evidently, if French vessels of war were ordered to cruise in es in which French commerce needs pro’ , and if the captains of those vessels of war were to meet ships which, under a fereign should have a captaih, officers, and a maj ofthe crew not belonging to the nation of that foreign flag, there would be just motives of sug) » he captains of such vessels of war under their responsibility, to take measures to pro‘ect the interests of their country} and i was only for French tribunals in thi of France to decide the veritable situatian of the ships referred to. A deputy then insi that the principles on which but Mexico should be obliged to act vena too. He then read an extract from a h of a French admiral to the Mexican government in 1839, in which he laid down that every vessel rance actod wer bearing a letter of marque, but of which ca) tain and two-thirds of the crew should Mex can, would be considered a pirate, and treat- ed as such with all the severity of the laws of war. Tie Minister replied as follows :—*That he had the honor to explain to the honorable de- uty, that the rule of the marine, the rule of the Minister as chief of a great military corps, as ia ing orders to captains and officers of 6 A Sens rule could not be the same as He knew the despatch tnat had been copy of it existed in h.s department. that the iat hier: Bi'saeg Sr nek done wel a8 tracing out a line of conduct to the officers under his orders; but it remained to be seen that if when the ships should be anchored in the ports of France, and be betore the justice of the coun- try, that justice would proceed with respect to them in the same manner. He beliaed that it of au act of them in the same manner. be- lieved that it was in the number of the first, the most important, duties of an admiral, to watch over the safety and the fortunes ef his country- men traversing the seas ; and he ought not to hesitate to take on his responsibility to arrest a ship ef which he had just cause of suspicion. But his Hight did uot go so farasto warrant him, as was done of old, to declare the captain of the ves- sel a pirate, and to hang him at the yard orm.— Under Louis XIV. such was the way of acting ; captain, officers, and crew, recognised as pirates, were instantly treated as such. It was evident, atamoras, and to penetrate into Mexico, as far as the nature of the country, and hisability to pro- cure supplies, will enable him ; but ifthe Mex- icans are firm, the real contest will be then only beginning. Like all men of the Spanish race, the Mexicans are admirably fitted for guerilla war- fare; and the Americans would soon find that they had something else to do than to fight pitched battles ; that the sort of warfare most fatal to an mvading army, is that which he has to sustain with hunger, and thirst, and toil, and with foes who keep out of his way until they can take him at advantage. We believe that if the Mexicans should oop lay one halfthe constancy which has been usual under similar circumstances amongst their Spanish and South American brethren, the war is not only far from a termination, but that it will require great sacrifices from, and inflict great losses upon, the invaders, before they can dictate terms of peace to the Mexican people. [From the Liverpool Times, Juue 19.) The rupture between Mexico and the United States has, of necrssity, attracted much attention, and has interfered, more or less, with business.— The fear of shipping in American bottoms has, like the baseless fabric of a vision, disappeared, but Llayd’s still cling ridiculously to that high premiums. The feeling is not confined to Eng- land, The Paris paper, La , asserts, in fact, that many American orders have been counter- manded in France, in consequence of the rup- ture between the two republics.* The wor itself has exercised the pens and the tongues of all the professional politicians in the old world. Inthe early stage of the struggle on the banks of the Rio Grande, when the American forces sustained one or two trifling guerilla re- verses, a good deal of sympathy was shown for the Mexicans, and if Jonathan had suffered more, the sorrow, we gneve toadd, would not have been intense. But when the Britannia arrived with an account of the battles of ‘‘Palo Alto” and the “Palm Ravine,” in which the Mexicans, on what they claim as their own soil, with a force two or three times greater than their antagonists, were ‘“‘wollopped” by the Americans, all sym- pathy disappeared, and contempt was the feel- ing universally felt and unequivocally expressed. A brave peop.e can afford no sympathy with pol- troons. The bird that cannot fighton its own dunghill is only fit to grace the spit. The excla- mation of the old veteran, who declared that there were only two things in nature that he ab- horred—a poor man and a coward—expressed, in i” antithesis, a good deel of the philosophy of ife. By the way, the brief but lucid despatches of General Taylor have attracted much admiration. His pen, like his sword, deals ac on the practi- cal. Merit is generally allied with modesty; and as he judiciously refrained from playing the brag- gart on paper, the same self confidence, itjis clear- sustains hin in tlie field. {Correspondence of the Liverpool Times.] Pants, June 15.—The Journal des Debats has lately published a remarkable article on the state of affairs between Mexico and the United States. Your contemporary asserts that Mr. Polk has on- ly gone against Mexico to eompensate his defeat in Oregon, ana to regain the popularity which that defeat had brought upon him. It thinks that Mexico is totally unable to resist the United States, and that the existing hostilities will result in its dismemberment, It thinks, too, that the States will endeavor to seize the Californias, to make up for what they will be obliged to lose in Oregon ; and it says that the Californias are infi- nitely more valuable than that barren territory. It views all this with regrot; but, beyond a few sneers at Mr. Polk, for whom it appears to enter- tain profound contempt, it says nothing offensive to the United States. This fact deserves to be specially mentioned, for of late the great organ of the French government has appeared incapable ofeven naming the American republic without fiowing over with wrath, or rather with disdain. The Apogue, the recognised organ of M. Guizot, Minister for Foreign Affairs, has also had a very long and carefully written article on the pending dispute between the two great republics of North- ern America. This article points out the necessity of France and England pip oat | in the matter, in orderto bring about a reconciliation, and to protect Mexico. It alleges that France has inte- Tests sufficiently vast in Mexico to warrant such interference. “Considering the connexion be- tween this journal and M. Guizot, 1 am inclined to attach some importanae to this lucubration, as showing that if France has not interfered in the business, she assuredly will do so. Indeed, for my a Tentertain not the slightest doubt that the French government will be prepared, if ne- cessary, to give effectual protection to Mexico against her great neighbors; for [remember that in the course of the present session, M. Guizot de- clared from the tribune on two occasions that it was of vast importnnce to France that the United States should not seize Mexico, nor the English race absorb the Spanish ; and as he is not a man to talk without weighing the force and calculating the consequences of his expressions, I take it for garped that his declarations indicated the policy ¢ French government had determined on pur- suing. [ have made statements to this effect be- fore, but they can scarcely be too often repeated, as I fear that too many of yout readers run away with the notion that because Mr. Polk declared in his eepes that he would not admit any interfe- rence of European governments in the affairs of the American continent, European governments would timidly refrain from interference. Tn the hamber of Deputies, yesterday, the Minister of Marine, in reference to the war be- however, that under a constitutional government there was adifferent manner of proceeding.”— The aoruty who had previously spoken, retorted that he had notasked the Minister if the men would be hung at the yard-arm. He had asked if the captains of the vessels in the sea of the Antil- les would have the order to seize vessels calli themselves Mexicans, but of which the captain and the greater part ofthe crew should not be Mexicans. Ifthey were brought to trial in a French port and acquitted, there would be no- thing to say. But what he wanted to know was, if their (the Feench) captains would have orders to arrestthem? Tothis question the Minister vouchsafed no reply. The Latest Commercial Intelligence. [From the Liverpool Times, June 19.) __ The weather during the last fortnight has been intensely, oppressively hot—too hot to move or almost to think. The thermometer, at times, has reached a tropical altitude. The excessive warmth has been without a parallel in England during the last sixteen or twenty years. That afflicting visitation of Heaven, rarely witnessed in this country, death by coups de soleil, has been frequent in different parts of the land. But the growing crops, notwithstanding the excessive heat, look beautiful. There has been little rain, but the dews at night and morn have been frequent and refreshing, and with the glorious sunshine above, are bringing forward the produce of the fields magnificently. The harvest paras to be abundant, and, whist is hardly of less Consequence, early—the earliest, indeed, for years past. The sweet and sours of life are impartially blended, and there are few substantial ber its unaccompanied with more or less or evil. 1 ow that the great experiment is being made in the | smae2a food of the people, nature pours her a oa eemek it row. ce aoe fore- sight. ne prospect for the ish farmer is cheerless, bat ha bas to thank his tbo dear friends, the monopolists, for it all. An immense quantity of foreign wheat and fiour will be released from bond at the 1 ow rate ofduty when the Corn Bill has passed, and this will be thrown on the mar- ket just as the agriculiurist is sweeping the pro- duce of his prolific fields into the granary.— Prices will come down, there will be agricultitral panic, and the cry of “ the Corn Bill has done it” will be raised, But the fact is otherwise. Sup- ply and demand are relative terms. If the bond- wheat and flour could have been released with certainty three or four months ago, the evil would have been prevented, certainly mitigated. But the friends of a dear loaf earried their selfish- ness too far. In hopes of ultimately throwing out the Corn Bill, they imposed every obstacle, in- vented every delay. Their tactics have proved fruitless, and ‘he poisoned chalice has now return- ed to their own lips. The misfortune is, that the innocent suffer with the guilty. The poor farmer suffers equally with the rich landlord; but the farmer was no party to the fraud, the latter was. Yet the shoulders least able to bear the burden are those on which it will press the heaviest. It is poor consolation for the hardworking son of the soil to be told that ne great public benefit can benchieved without some individual suffering. If his landlord took such a plea as payment for rentit were well. Butalas for aristocracy in Eng- land! The great bulk of the owners of broad acres, pressed by their artiticial and imaginary wants, are poor—too poor to understand any argu- ment but the cash in had. The nobleman or gentleman, whose estates yield £20,000 a-year and spends £21,000, is poor—as the farmers, to their cost, know; as the nation, to its sorrow, has experienced. he next battle on the Free-trade ground will take place in Sugaz, an article ‘which tak too long “taken in” the country. The Sugar Duties expire on the 5th proximo, and some modificatiom must be introduced before that time. Peel’s views have not transpired; no op) unity for develop- ing them has been afforded him. ne intermin- able Coercion Bill occupies the front of the politi- cal stage, and engrosses the attention of the chief actors. The moves of the chess-board point the moral of politics at the present moment. Each party is anxiously waiting for an opportunity to check- mate its rival. The lower House has purposely procrastinated the “ talk’? on the Iris! Bin, to afford the peers time for passing the Corn bill ; and the peers have returned the compliment by talking leisurely about Corn, and doing little, in the hope of wearing out the patience of the other House, and thereby accelerating the explosion which is to blow the Government into ‘ smash.” However, their lordships’ patience has been worn out sooner than was expected. Probably, the heat of the weather may have assisted the absorp- tion of their bile. Under any circumstances, it has been under- stood for some days past, that Peel would not give up the reins until the Corn Bill had passed. “Pvo staked my life upon a cast, And | will stand the hazard of the die,” appears to have been like theScottish thane, his resolve from the first. In so acting, he h own begsery not less than excellent generalsbip. But the Sugar Duties must be settled by the resent or the next Goverhment. Lord John ussell has scheme for reducing the duty on slave as well as colonial Sugar, on a scale extend- ing over four years, at the end of which time the | colonist will have to shif for themselves in the ab- sence of that now-repudiated doctrine—‘‘protec- tion.” As all ony on Corn will cease in lbss than three years, tis desirable that Sugar, except for revenue, should be placed on an equally advan- tween the United States and Mexico, was asked if he intended to Wecuan to tolerate the extreme abuse which the Mexicans appeared disposed to tageous footing. But we are at the beginning of the end. The consumption of in this coun- try would be increased to an almost incalculable exteni with a low rate of duty, and the extinction of the stupid and dishonest cant about slave-grown i @ announcement that the Russian tariff would undergo an immediate relaxation, has cause great interest in the commercial circle. Up to the present time the Russian taritf has been the most prohibitive in the world. The principal article pure! by England is Tallow, of which nearly a million ewt. is imported to this country, valued at almost a million and a half sterling. An export duty of 23 per ewt. has hitherto been exact- ed by the Russian Government, and this duty will be at ence reduced to one-half; and at the same time a reduction of the import duties on woollen cloths and stuffs will also take place un- der an ukase of the Emperor, who takes a lively interests in the proceeding. The step will be hailed by alt friends of Free-trade as one of most decisive benefit, arising from the steps taken late- ly in the same direction by our own Government under Sir Robert Peel. Pe a wen hind in England. ‘rom the Liverpool Times, June 19. All fears for the safety of the Corn Bill f over. The most critical stage—that of the Committee, has been passed triumphantly, and with a nume- rical'strength greater than was anticipated. The House of Lords went into committee on the Bill last Monday. On the first night the Duke of Buckingham moved an amendment, the effect of which, if carried, would have entailed upon the country @ permanent sliding scale, varying from four shillings to ten shillings per quarter. This is the import duty which Corn will have to pay un- til February 1849, when a nominal duty of a chil- ling per quarter 1s to be imposed for registry. The Duke, in proposing hisgmendment, did so in a tame, hum-drum spe: which showed that he ‘The result proved had no faith in its 88. that he was right. wutes showed a clear majo- rity of thirty three against it. There was a large muster of peers on either side, and as proxies are not adm le in eommittee, the supporters of the Government were far more numerous than previous calculations pointed at. But as drowning men catch at straws, so thé rotectionists, not content with the quietus on londay, tried their hand at mutilating the bill on Tuesday night with the same result. The Earl of Wicklow moved anotheramendment, that af- ter February, 1849, all corn, except the produce of the Brit celonies, should pay a duty of per quarter. The peers negatived this by exactly the same number as on the previous night—thirty- three. The other clauses of the bill are to be considered this night, (Friday,) and the third reading will probably take place about the middle or the end of next week. Its safety may now be considered certain. What its itical_conse- ences will be, this is neither the time nor the piace toconsider. It is far and away the greatest iscal measure of the age. Its tefpense gill not be limited to our own clime ; it will influénce, in & greater or less degree, the Peer. of every com- mercial country in the world; and already its effects are observable in the relaxation of the Russian tariff, and in the altered views of nations which have thoughl that their wisest and best poley was to follow the late stringent code of ngland. e United States, our greatest commercial ri- val, cannot long remain inert. Her legislature will march with the times, for it would be 2 libel upon the intelligence of that great and. potent country to pak ence that she can long be insensi- ble to the enlightened reciprocal views in com- mercial matters, which ee lish philosophers have chalked out, and which English statesmen have carried practically into eflect, at the sacrifice of their dearest fF ihosaion and -political connexions, prejudices and sympathies. The world has never witnessed, never will witness, devotion less selfish patriotism more pure, than Peel has given, by sacrificing his power and party on the altar of free-trade. Buta bright reward will be his—the brigetest reward which a great and honest minis- ter can experience— “ To scatter plenty o’er a smiling land, And read his history in a nation’s eyes.” The British Parliament. Tue Conn Bit.—In the House of Lords, on Thursday, the 4th ult. Lord Staniey moved for a copy of the address which had been received by the governmen, from the House of Assembly in Canada. ‘The Earl of Darnovusie hoped for the indulgence of the while he defended himself from an imputation hich had been thrown upon him in the other House, to the effect that, when he had said he had no reason to be lieve that the sentiments of the Canadian colonists were unfavorable to the ministerial prees he knew that the address for which Lord Stanley had just moved had arriv- ed, declaring in the strongest terms their hostility to a free trade incorn. He scald - in question had not reached Liverpool until after the debate on the corn laws in their lordships? house was over, and, therefore, it was a phy. of its sical impossibility that he could have been awt Lord Stamiey stated that there was never any inten- existence, tion of casting the slightest suspicion on eracity of Dalhous: Lord jie. After @ few words from Lord Lyrrieton and Earl Gary the motion was a: ead to. , the ving been rei Earl Staxnorr moved that the bill be committed that jer of the day for going day six mont He regarded thic measure as more im- portant than reform bil, consideri de of the interests involved in it, and the consequen- ces which would inevitably result from it. Lord Lytrimron, as representing the colonial depart- ment in that House, wished to bject of our colonial po: lasian colonies in particular; Australian wheat was the best in the world. With respect to Canada, no admit- ting what was said as to the effect of free-trade upon that colony, the same had been said of other interests which had been affected by our customs duties. He confessed that he labored under some disadvantages king aftor the address passed by the Canada assembly, so uu- Sars after the preceding debate; and in speaking before the receipt of the next mail, which would proba- bly modify the present state of thi His lordshiu re- ferred to various indications in the colony of different views and feelings from those embodied in the address, showing that apprehensions were not really entertained by the people of Canada ey from this measure. On what ground ra ee urre: that the Canadians could not compete wii Americans in the corn trade? The soil was the same, the wages of labor were the same, and the quality the Canadian wheat was equal to the best grown in land. In reference to carriage and other respects, the advantage was in favor of Ca- nada. Pd motion of Lord Stanhope was negatived without a vision. On Monday, the 15th, the House went into committee on the bill, when The Duke of Bucxixcuam moved the omi first clause of the date “Ist of February, 1849 of which would be to continue in oper scale—so that after 1849 the duty on wh r quarter, and at 6%eand upwards, tron opposed the amendment, on 'the ground of at variance with th Ne of the bill. Lord Beaumont contended that the bill would derange our foreign cemmerc! well as ouragricultare, and at- tempted to show that the effect of the measure would be to put into the pocket of foreignera the amount of reve- nue which was sacrificed by the . On a di the Duke of Buckinham’s amendment was neguatived, the numbers for the clause being 136, against it 103, majority 33. On Tuesday, the 16th, The Earl of Wicxiow moved an amendment to the ef- fect teat, after the Ist of February, 1849, there shonld be a fixed duty of 5s. on all forgjgn wheat, not the produce of beg ish colonies, instead of 1s. duty as proposed by the bill. B lengthened and interesting debate ensued, In which Lord Stanley and Lore Brougham took leading part. Thcic lordships divided onthe amendment, when there appeared—contents 107, non-contents 140 ; majoriiy for government 33. ‘The Chairman reported progress, and the committee adjourned till Friday. The Earl of Datuovse moved the the customs duties bill, and stated on which it base: ter which he went throu, detas) of the ral articles in the tariff on which reduc- tions were proposed, and concluded by repudiating the notion that the measure was one of pure free-trade, and therefore did not go far enough ; it » trade measure at all, but one for the removal of prehibitive, and the gradual removal of protective duties. The Duke of Ricnmoxp thought that the only reason for the reduction of these duties was to be found in the of those who disliked the agricultural interest ; ji asures was that they ans and la- @ bill be read a second time borers. He moved that t) six months. lof Wiextow Leni be the whole conduct of jad been stamped with in- that The FE L the government in this matter tolerable injustice. Earl Grey complained that the bill wanted a clear and distinct principle. He accepted it, however, ns a valu- able instalment, and as a step in the right direction. Lord Asweurton objected to the bill as most injurious to the interests of the country. He saw no reason why the present prosperous state of the country should not continue, if it were not destroyed by impolitic measures ; and he defied the government to show that this gov mae ty had any thing to-do with the alteration in the customs duties. Lord Monteacte thought the liberal commereial poli- cy of the government one of the main elements of our recent prosperity ; the present measure was not only a step, but a great and considerable one in the right di- setion. the bill was then read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Monday, the 15th, Price Two Cents. France. The Paris correspondent of the Europea Times under date of the 1th ultimo says « is emptying very fast; all the beau monde being vinces, the sea coast, or England. The heat of late has been most intense. People at present live as much out of doors, and as much in the shade as possible. Texas had, on its being declared independent, entered into a commercial treaty with France, very favorable to the latter. In ’a discussion in the Chamber, a deputy demanded that the main- tenance of that treaty should be insisted upon, notwithstanding the annexation of Texas to the United States. The Minister of Commer that negotiations on the subject were in prog: 4 The official Moniteur has announced that Mr. King, the Aimerican Minister, has had interview with Louis Philippe, to present to his Majesty the reply of President Polk to the notifi- cation of the birth of the Princesse Marguerite d’Orleans, one of the King’s grand daughters. One step towards the abolition of the odious and stupid quarantine laws has been made by this country, by the promulgation of an ordonnance, that for the future the time occupied in a voyage shall be counted as part of the quarantine. This will be of some advantage to commerce and tra- vellers. It is a fact that the quarantine laws are monstrously injurious to France; inasmuch as they drive ‘French people coming from the East to pass by England, so as to avoid detention at Marseilles, All the despatches from the Chinese Embassy, for example, were brought via Eng- land. Yet, strange to say, the quarantine has been demonstrated to be of no use, for recent in- vestigations of high medical authorities have prov- ed that the plague is not contagious ! The ro: al families of France and Russia have hitherto been on bad terms with each other, the Emperor Nicholas having a great dislike to Kin Louis Philippe; and this has caused such an il feeling between the governments of the two coun- tries, that the ordinary diplomatic relations are not kept up. Of late, however, the Emperor Ni- cholas is said to have shown a disposition to be- come friendly with the court of France. His al- lowing his son to visit Toulon was considered a proof that his sentiments were undergoing a change; and lately he has placed at the disposal of the King of the French several crosses of the orders of Russia for distribution among the offi- cers who waited on his son when in France. This last is considered a most gracious piece of con- descension on the part of the Czar. If friendly communications should be established between Paris and St. Petersburgh, itis not improbable that it may lead to certain changes in politics, which diplomatists consider of great impostance. Lecomte, the would-be-assassin of Louis Phi- lippe, has been brought to trial, condemned to death, and executed. The trial was of con: rable lee; , owing to the number of witnesses examined. Nothing, however, that has not been known to the public from the first has been elicit ed Lecomte, botb before, during, and after the trial, asserted that he had no accomplices, and that he was not the tool of any political faction. The law ranging attempts on the king’s life in the crime of paracide, he was condemned to be exe- cuted as a paracide—thet is, to go barefoot to the scaffold, wearing a shirt outside his dress, to have his head covered with @ black veil, to remain standing oe the scaffold whilst the sentence was read to the people, and to be then beheaded. All this was done on Monday morning at an early hour. Lecomte showed extraordinary fortitude. mounting the scaffold with a firm step, listening unmoved to the reading of the sentence, placin, himself unassisted in the required position, an remaining unagitated for the few moments that elapsed before the knife fell, and his head was severed from his body. It was fully expected in Paris that he would have been pardoned, and se- veral of the newspapers spoee of the pardon as a matter ofcourse. The King, it is said, was anx- ious to save the wretch’s ie, but the ministers unanimously insisted that he should die, and die he did. Last Sunday the little railway from Paris to Sceaux was opened with much ceremony. It is for the trial ofa new invention, which enables curves, exceedingly narrow, to be gone over with as much rapidity as straight lines. If it succeeds it willbe one of the most important discoveries in connection with railways yet made. To-mor- row takes place the opening of the Great North- ern Railway, which is the most gigantic of an: in Europe, or even in the world. Its length, with embranchments, is 291 kilemetres ; it unites the capitals of two kingdoms—Paris and Brussels ; its traffic will be enormous. Although the embranch. ments are not yet completed, there are already 175 locomotives and 32,500 carriages on the line. ‘The feasting and the pomp and the parade of the opening of to-morrow will be gorgeously magnifi- eent. Throughout the whole length of the line all the populations will be on foot to welcome the trains ; and at Lille, Amiens, and other great towns, there will be such Se as were ne- ver seen befere, and probably, will never be seen in. “eT he project of law on the fortifications of Ha- vre, Cherbourg, Toulon, &c. have been rejected ; and as the Chamber will be dissolved, a re-intro- duction of those bills will be necessary. It has also rejected several other projécts of law on pub- lic works and public instruction ; admitting in the order of the day only those which granted credits for the railways of Orleans and Vierzon, and Nis- mes and Montpelier. The Chamber will termi- nate its labors on the 20th ; on the 6th or 7th of July it will be dissolved ; and the elections will take place on the Ist of August. To show you how wellinformed the republican newspapers of Paris are on American atfairs, | beg to mention that one of them this morning states that the New York Herald is the organ of the English government. ' Notwithstanding the favorable accounts receiv- ed of the crops, the price of bread in Paris for the second fortnight in June has been augmented.— Bread of the first quality will be sold at 37 cen- times the killegramme, and bread of second qua. lity at 30 centimes. The Presse says that several manufacturers, who had received large orders for America, have just had them countermanded, on account of the declaration of war between the United States and Mexico. Mr. Romulus Sanders, who has succeeded Mr. Washington Irving as ambassador at Madrid, has arrived in Paris, en route for Madrid. Italy. Advices from Milan to the 6th ult. 5 It is stated that the King of Naples, who is noted for enlightened liberality in commercial matters, isabout to declare Naples and Palermo free orts. Negotiations have been entered into with “rance for a reduction of duties on French wines and articles of Paris. The Pope departed this life on the Ist instant. His Holiaess had been indisposed during the last week of May, but’on the 28th or 29th of that month he was deemed by his physicians per- fectly recovered. His death was sudden, and may possibly give rise to rumors such as followed sors. In ordinary times, the demise of a Pope would not occasion any sensation in the political world, but such is not the case in the present in. stance. Pope Gregory XVI. was a good, kind, benevolent man, sincere in his religious prin- ciples, and more tolerant than most others who had held the keys of St. Peter. He was fully aware ofacoming crisis in his States; he fore- saw, and would by concession have obviated, the overwhelming storm, that cannot otherwise be prevented bursting upon Rome at least; but he was overborne by the cardinals, who, to the re- ied entreaties of France and Austria, and it said England, refused concurrence in even th slightest amelioration of the civil and politics eondition of the subjects of the Holy See. The member of the Sacred College most likely to suc- ceed Pope Gregory XVI. is the Cardinal Fran- zoni, Prefect of the congregation of the Propa- ganda. He is, however, considered friendly to: wards the Jesuits, and will be, of course, Rercely through opposed by France—a power waar its wily and talented representative at the Roman Court, is alleged to be playing a game. in Italy ich the other governments of Europe, itain included, would do well to keep an Cardinal Franzoni was born at Genoa, on the 10th of December, 1775, and is, of course, in and would in that the 71st year of his <= selec! Englishman that has not improbably be ted case be only Le ond held the Papal di; A Great a tation continues to prevail eel arts of this country, especially im th p Ktates, and it is to be feared that outbreaks will take place. ‘The intellige We fear some 7 Mr ng gH property of communes and ans of supporting the people. on aay oooh measure The Bernois protest most loudly, Switzerland. i Berne is of the 12th ult. me faciey troubles in this part of off to the watering places in Germany, the pro- | d | stead at Lisbon and Oporto the disease, similarly, of several of his predeces- | Cardinal Acton might | Assemblée Constitwante las pro- | and will sooner begin another revo- | | lution than permit it. God help “us! If all re- publics were like those in this part of the world, they would deserve putting down as nuisances! ¢ Berne people have not yet brought to a clotheir discussions on their new democratic constitytion. Portugal. ‘The accounts from Lisbon are of the 6th ult. The insurrectionary Juntas have almost every- where laid down their arms, expressing their sa- tisfaction with the general measures of the new Administration, @specially with their proposed re-enrolment of the National Guard, the dismis- sal of the Cabralist Municipal Chambers, and the | appointment of popular commissions in their The insurgents of | Tras-os-Montes and of the southern margin of the Douro still retain their arms, although return- ing home quietly, and state their intention of re- complete possession of the ‘ guarantee” of the National Guard, There has been_no official no- tification as yet of the Juntas of Coimbra, Villa Franca, and one or two other places, finally sub- mitting ; but in their present state of isolation they can no longer hold out, and the country may be substantially regarded as finally pacified. Great embarrassment continues to exist in the mereantile community. The Government have published a financial programme, in which exten- sive retrenchment has been promised, and the fulfilling as faras possible, of all the national en- gagements. The foreign dividends would be held inviolable. Germany. Advices from Berlin are of the 11th ult. A series of magnificent concerts has been given. at Aix-la-Chapelle, with Jenny Lind as principal songstress, and Mendelsohn as conductor. It was one of the most splendid musical fétes of which even this musical land can boast, and ex- cited unbounded enthusiasm. An Academy of Sciences has just been esta- blished at Vienna, There is nothing stirring in any part of this vast Germany with which it is worth while to trouble you. Emigration to the United States and other parts of the American continent appears on the Increase. ‘The German papers announce that the Empe- rors of Russia and Austria, and the King of Prus- sia, are to meet at Vienna in September next. Sweden and Norway. The accounts from Stockholm are of the Sth ult. Lek ae is rapidly on the increase from this art of the world to the United States. A vessel ately left Skien with 250 emigrants, leaving 700 prepared to tollow at the first, opportunity. The greater partof the emigrants are artisans and Agriculturists, and many of them are tolerably Well to do in the wold. The coronation of the King and Queen is to take place in October with great pomp. A son of their Majesties has just been appointed lieu- tenant in the royal navy. Russia. ,_ Intelligence from St. Petersburg to the 8d ult. is received: Recent despatches from Caucasus set forth the details of some ape i mn very advantageous to Vast preparaiions are making for the marriage of the Emperor’s daughter, the Princess Olga. Poland is encumbered with troops. Accounts ftom Pesen, dated June 9, informs us that since the arrival of the Empress of Russia, the Poles have entertained hopes that anamnesty would be accorded ; and it was generally rumor- ed that a certain number would be set at liberty. Algiers. Intelligence from Algiers is of the usual charac- ter; tribes have revolted, been chastised, and sub- mitted. Atthe date of the last advices all was orderly, and the troops were ealculating on en- joying some repose, which ,the intense heat ren- dats rasta acceptable. The massacre of three hundred French prisoners by Abd-el-Kader has caused very naturally an intense feeling of horror and indignation. The proceedings in the Chambers have been without interest for the foreign reader. Debates have only taken place on the budget, railway tills, &. There has, however, been a long dis- cussion on Algiers, in the course of which one valorous and courageous deputy strongly recom- mended the abandonment of the colony. France certainly could not doa better thing than to get rid of what costs her millions of treasure and thousands of lives annually, but that is not to be expected.” The debate led to nothing. Im the course of a fortnight, or perhaps less, the session will be brought to a close. Markets, Lonpen Money Manxer.—Since our last publication business has not been very active. The weather hrs been extraordinarily fine—hotter than has been known for years past at the same period, ond a larger number of persons than usual have, therefore, taken ‘ant of the Whitsuntide holidays. As might be anti e market has not experienced any violent changes, and the exents that h: lected it have done so to only a limited The risconnt houses say they have less call for ; but there is no alterationin the rates. Consuls hut, preparatory to the payment of the dividend, but this step pro d no effect on the ‘ket. e arrival of the Britannia, with the news of the de-eat of the Mexi- cans by the forces of The United States, had the eff ing the funds nearld a quarter per market hasjgradually reooverei siice, and the following being the quotatio Sonsola for the opening left off at 954 to + ex div.; Three per cents, re- Three and a Quarter per Cents, 97; 10}; India Bonds, 21s. to 27s. p.m.; and lls. to 16s, p.m. | In the Foreign mar- ket the changes have been in Portuguese and Mexican stock. In the former a decline of five per cent, took place, owing to the insurrection in that conntry, and the overthrow of what has been considered one of the atrong- est ministries known in Portugel ; and the arrival of the accounts of the defeat of the Mexicans by the United States, in two engagements, depressed the market for Mexican Stock to some extent, though the market has, in some degree, recovered itself. Mexican for Money, and the Account were last done at 28}; the Deferred, 16} ; Portuguese Four per Cente Money and the Account, 49 ; Spanish Fise per Cents. \d for the Account, 24} ; the Three per Cents. f the Account, 37} ; Russian’ 109} ; and Dutch Two-ai Half per Cents. 59}. Livenroet Corton Manxer.—For the week endinj June 12.—There is no change in prices this week ; an as it was well known beforehand that there must bea great falling off in the comparative stocks ths time and last year, there is a slight disappointment among holders that prices have not bad an upward ten- dency. Beyond this proved comparative deficiency, no feature of novelty or interest has presented itself. The steamer of the Ist may be looked for to-morrow evening and it is not unlikely that her accounts may give ro further illustration of the provetle extent of futu plies. 3900 American, and 500 Surate bave been tak on speculation ; and 1000 American, 300 Pernams, and 70 Maranhams for export. ‘The sales to-day a 4000 ‘The sales for the week amount to 30,070 bales. week ending June 18.—There has been a moderate and steady demand for cotton since the 12th inst. The accounts, per the Britannia, showing an increase in the receipts at the American ports, caused holders to offer their stocks more freely, and. in some instances, salen have been made at a concession of 'yd per Ib. particular ly the lower and middling qualities. The sales on Mon- day, the 15th instant, were 5000 bags, all to the trade. On ‘the 17th, 6000 bales were sold, among which were 2000 Egyptians, chiefly at 63d to Od; afew ax high as 7d ; 200 Pernams 64d to 6d ; 300 Surats 3d Yo Sid American 4d to 6'sd. To-day the sales reached bal | including 200 for export. We cannot notice any quota- | ble change in prices. The total sales from the 12th till the 18th inclusive, amount to about 23,000 bales, of which speculators and exporters took a portion. Livenvoot Conn Taane.—Since our last publication there has been a good supply of free wheat brought to market; and during the early part of the month, prices declined 4d per 701b on wheat, and Is per bbl on flour. Indian Corn is lower, having receded from Is to 2s qwarter at our With the exception of the latter, there was an improved demand for almost all the articles of the trade on the 16th int Influenced by the rise in London on the previous day, fresh qualitis of free wheat med rather more firmness than of la with a moderate but not lively demand, vance of 2d to 3d per 70lb upon infers riptions remaining wholl: and duty paid Canadian , commanded an advance of is per sac! Holders of bonded wheat, requiring ired ; of States flour, how- d hands, New |. Virginia, lelphia at 2is to 2i* to 288 6d per bbl—Wélmer's Times AVERAGE, PRICE OF GRAIN. , . Oat: Wh. Br s. Rye. Bns. Peas. Flor. 3 m8 mT 2S et 08 8297 39 63 5% OMT 09441 8 5 HUM 5 210 3 8 HO HOM 6 4 28 4 23 9 32 4 35109 2 7 8 2% 4 3210 3510 4 10 Mi 3 8 5 2 OMG 9 moe 7606 2 O10 0606 2 6 10 606 of the lately sprung ay, Jast, the [clement ag nces, read tanta coul ol Sheanioes bold for low rates, but the demand is almoat = 2 2 > # * = maining armed until they shall have obtained”