The New York Herald Newspaper, June 20, 1846, Page 1

® Vol. XII, Ho. 170—Whele Ho. 4303. - NEW YORK, SATURDAY MORNIN G, JUNE 20, 1846. a HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA AT BOSTON. FIVE DAYS LATER. Fhe Mediation of Hngland in the Mexican War Offered to the United states. Ordering of a French Fleet to the Gulf of Mexico. THE OREGON QUESTION IN PARLIAMENT. State of the Gotton Market. The French and English Money Markets, den, doe. The steam ship Culedonia arrived at Boston at two o’clock, on Thursday afternoon, with advtces from Liverpool to the 4th and London to the 8d instant inclusive The: intelligence is of some importance in a Mexican and Oregonic point of view. The English government, as we stated in the NEw Youx Haran om the arrival of the Great Western, is about to offer her mediation for the settlement of the difficulties between Mexico and the United States. The intelligence from this side, of the progress of the Mexican war, had alarmed France and England; hence this mediation on the part of the latter, and hence theZactive preparation in the French Naval Depots to fit out a fleet for the Gulf of Mexico. The Oregon question was touched upon in Parliament on the last day of its meeting, and Sir Robert Peel stated that the “Notice” had been given and received in a most friendly spirit. The cotton market had not materially changed. The shipments in American bottoms had fallen off in England, in consequence of the Mexican war.. There has been a great repeal meeting in Dub- lin, at which Daniel O’Connell presided. The Spanish government has withdrawn from the United States the right to depose at Mahon the combustibles, provisions, and effects necessary for its Mediterranean squadron. The inhabitants of Mahon are very much discontented with the measure. The cholera is advancing with rapid strides to- wards St. Petersburg, whence no doubt it will make its way to Western Europe. Louis Napoleon has arrived in England. The Paris paper, La Presse, of the lst instant, announces that orders had been sent by the Minister of Marine to Brest, and the other military harbors," to despatch 2 num- ber of ships of war to the Gulf of Mexi- ©o, to reinforce the squadron stationed there in consequence of the war between the United States and Mexico. On this subject the same pa- per states that much uneasiness exists in Paris.— The opposition prints are all on the sidejof America, and predict an early conquest of Mexi- oo by the United States. The apprehension caused by the war of the United States with Mexico weighed on the Paris money market on the Ist. The sugar duties keep alive attention respecting the fate of the Ministry. The impression out of the Cabinet is, that Sir Robert Peel is far in ad- vance of his colleagues; and that he is anxious to apply to suger the free-trade principles which have extended to corn, cotton, and other articles of general consumption. But his offcial life is evidently drawing toa close, and the whigs are con- Adent of being in favor at no remote day. The timber trade has felt the effects of the mis- understanding, to which we have more than once alluded, between the masters and the men. Accounts have been brought by the Algiers pa- pers of the 24th ult., stating that Abd-el-Kader had ordered to be massacred in cold blood the 300 pri- soriers who had fallen into his hands. The rea- son assigned for this horrible act is that the Mo- rocco troops were advancing on all sides against the Deira, and thathe, for the purpose of com- mitting to his cause the Algerine tribes who had emigrated with him into Morocco, had ordered his. prisoners, with the exception of the officers, to be shot. There is some doubt expressed by the Courier de Marseilles ot the truth of this report. The overland mail of May the Ist, from India, reached London on the 2d inst. The news pos- sesses no political and little commercial interest. The seeds of another outbreak in the Sikh coun- try were sown at the termination of the late war, and in good time it will produce fruit. The dragons’ teeth are fructifying. Portugal has béen the scene of another attempt at revolution consequent upon a change of the The closing scenes in the French Chamber of Depnties show that M. Thiers has lost none of his pugnaciousness. He has had a smart tilt with his great rival, M. Guizot, in which the calm phi- losophy of the First Minister was about a match for the historian of the Consulate Tur Cuovera.—We have already’ stated, that the cholera had made its ap: ce in some of the provinces of Persia, carrying death into the rincipal towns. Ithas spread trom Bokhara to Herat and Meshid, and has now taken the direc- tion from the Caspian Sea to Teheran and . Late accounts from Odessa state, that it had crossed tho Russian territory and appeared suddenly at Tiflis, taking a northerly direction be- tween the ton and the Black Seas. On the other side the cholera broke out unexpectedly at Orenbourg, in the mines of the Ural mountains; ctorsed tne Voiga, and set its foot in Eu: 1 at Casan, oy gine kilometres from St. Peters- burgh. Ifthe accounts we have received are cx- act, it has taken a most i lardirection. It has advanced from west to north, and does not seem to have followed the banks of the river, as in 1828 and 1832. Tne cholera which devastated France in 1831 and 1882, had been raging in Persia for seven ears,1823 to1830, It first appeared in 1828 at Orenbourg, and shed death around that town for five years. It re-appeared at Orenbourg in 1829, and One tenth of the population fell victims. It broke out at St. Petersburgh in July, 1881, and in France in October of the same year.—Globe. Txstimonias To Cartain RATHBONE oF THE “‘Co- Lumsta.”—We are much pleased to find that the jassengers by the Columbia, which arrived at iverpool 2d inst. have presented Capt. Rathbone ‘with a very complimentary address, expressive of ‘their great admiration of his conduct as a gentle- ind his expert, and successful exer- tions as a sailor. »ship, we unders' has, when she sailing weather, proved her- self of first rate quality. Tur Briain Conn Law.—The Belgian govern- ment, who suspended the corn law of that coun- try before our ministers had begun seriously to entertain the question, have now, we learn, de- termined to continue the admission of grain and rice duty free till the first of October, instead ef the ports on the first of June, as had been The Mediation of a in the Mexican ar. (From the Liverpool Times, June 4.] Connected with the mission of General Armstrong, we may notice a rumor which has obtained curréncy in London. In the monetary circles of the city, it is whis- yea that the American has claimed the intervention of e British government to settle the dispute with lexice. The fact may be so; but we cannot credit it. It bears improbability on its front. Indeed, the city is the focus of a thousand sinister rumors daily; on the face of the earth a more imaginative race than the brokers and stock-jobbers of ny gn | could not be found. They beat the same class in Wall street, New York, hollow. We should be sorry, for the credit of the American character, if the fact referred to proved correct. Peace, we grant, Dinnine sibs ought not to be slightly sacrificed, but the United Stat re quite able to settle their differences with the Mexicans with- out intervention; if they are not, the race has sadly de- nerated since the days of Washington and the battle of jew Orleans. The rd of last night has the fol- lowing, in reference to this subject: “The statement made inthe London Morning Herald, that ministers have determined to offer the mediation of the British government to arrange the differences bo- tween the United States and Mexico, @ most impor tant news of the mot and has excited much interest The intention to tender this modiation was communicated to the diplomatic representatives of the two states you- terday,and the yen aoe will be forwarded to Mr. Pakenham, our ter at Washington, by the Caledonia steamer which will sail from Liverjool to- morrow mo! - Measures will also bo taken to have the roposition made to the government of Mexico with tho [east possible delay. It is almost, uanocessary to nay that the universal hope is, that tho mediation shoul ve successful; for, indepeudont of the desire for a speedy settlement on the common ground of humanity, there is great approhension felt that if hostilities were protracted, tho maritime states of Euro would run great risk of being involved in the quarrel.” Connected with this Mexican emeute—for war it hard ly deserves to be called—speculation is rife as to the course which privateering may take. There are in eve- ry maritime power numbers to be found who would gladly embark in any enterprise, however brutal orsan- gui , that would “ bring to the mill.” Privateeri 18 le; piracy. The underwriters are making a ric! harvest out of the fears of the us. The rates of insurance yesterday to New York and New Or- leans were, on British vessels, 30s. to 36s. per cent; on American vessels as high as 60s. to 105s. per cent. This is absolute oeining. ‘There are many reasons for thinking that fear over- rules prudence in this matter. It does not appear that has yet been declared between the bel act of Congress, and the latest advic Congress, in its legislative oon moved at all. We are in possession of Mr. Pol sage to that body, but what transpired subsequently, we are as yet unacquainted with. Again, none but the na- tives ‘of the countries which are at loggerheads are en- titled to privateer; the natives of other coun- tries who are found engaged in the nefarious practice, ex themselves to a very summary rocedure—the fate of pirates—hanging at the yard arm. jut, above all, the United States have friendly treaties with France, England, Spain, Holland, Belgium, Den- mark, Sweden, Prussia, Brazils, Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Chili. The subjects and citizens of these countries, which form all maritime powers worth naming in the new and the old world could not acton letters of marque. Add to this, the ease with which the American vessels of war could blockade the Mexican ports, and it will be at once seen that the rates of insurance are out of all proportion to the risks. ‘The Effect of the Americane Mexican Wa" in jurope. {From the London Examit mi bombastic President Polk ot ¢ length had pe felicity of inditing a war message ‘ongress, craving for “ two regiments of volunteers, and ee levies of * jut formidable kind, to resist the hostile pur sO! focally, President, however, makes out but @ . xicans, it seems, refused to receive an Ameri » Thisis surely no casus belli. The other grief is thatthe Mexicans kept up an army on the banks ofthe Rio Bravo Why, they have had posts there for these number of Fevers And even supposing the Americans had a rightful title to Texas, it is not appar~ ent how this should render it acrime for the Mex! to nm Matamoras. The territory intervening be- tween the Rio Bravoand the Nueces has been leng a dis- puted territory between Texas and the adjoining pro- vinces. Wipe hae Barb dispute, the Mexican com- mander did not oceupy territory, but kepton his own side of the Rio del Norte. Had the American command- er done the same, and kept at Corpus Christi, on the Nueces, contented with protecting the territory from invasion, no collision could have taken place, for the Mexicans remained strictly on the detatalve But Gen. Taylor not only crossed the Nueces and seized the whole of the disputed territory, but, under some idle lea, he proceeded also to blockade Matamoras, and cut it off from the sea. In this, General Taylor wantonly commenced hostilities; as, indeed, the whigs and the Senate are prepared to maintain, as they insist that he should not have gone beyond Corpus Christi. Collisions having taken place, it was impossible to refuse the vote of levies and of money, although the leading members of the Senate, Calhoun amongst others, protested that the country could not consider itselfat war. The united bodies of Congress could, indeed, alone declare that.— War, however, it is, if President Polk chooses to make it so. This ha seems peetcely prepared to do upon the land frontier of the Rio del Norte, He may, however, give orders to the fleet in the gulf to operate on the coast, or to whatever vessels are on the Pucific, to seize Monterey or the forts of California. And, as compensation for that unlimited store of grievance, which*has been amassed on the supposed wrongs done to American citizens by Mexi- co, Mr. Polk may niReist on retaining such provinces or sessions. Federalist movements, too, may be q at the same time under American influence gene the efforts of the Mexican ips pleveaaiey faci enie ofspoliation. Is Europe pre to see Mexico thar dismembered, and the autopsy ‘made before her eyes? It is to be feared that such is the case. A serious means of effective war wonld alone be likely to make the tate. And neither France nor England is repared to volunteer insuch astruggle. We have had fittle or no thanks from Spain for having. fought for and won its independe: ‘e might riak still less profit or gratitude from the race in Mexico. The age of political, as well as of religious, crusade is past. [From the Londow Times, May 29;] The collision, which the increasing arrogance of the American Government and the rent weakness of Mexico rendered inevitable, has at longth taken place. Hostilities have begun upon the Rio Bravo del Norte. An American detachment of 63 men has been surround- ed, and compelled to lay down its arms, after a consider- le loss. General Taylor, the American commander, pears to have placed himself, with an excess of pre- mption or incapacity, in a position of great danger ; his small forces being divided, bi pie cut off, and his line of operations intersected by the Mexican army. The news of this defeat and this danger instantly roused the pessions of the American people to the highest pitch of excitement. The population of the southern states is preparing to flock in arms to the scene of ad- venture. The State Legislatures nearest to the fron- tier have voted money and troops to proceed at once to reinforce the detachment at Point Isabel — The Federal Government, upon the receipt of this intelligence, took the most vigorous measures, and within four ef a bill passed the , and received the sanction of the President, “ to prov: for the prose- cution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico.” All the efforts of the peace party to resist or control this torrent of national enthusi- asm of war were ;wholly unavailing. These events are ee ee to produce the most importantgef- fects on several powers of the North American con- tinent, on their institutions at home, and on their rela- tions abroad; but they are no more then the fulfilment of ve long entertained pad express- . er endured more injuries from another than received from the Cabinet of Washington, for no state was ever worse prepared to resent them : but after all these provocations and wrongs, the war declared by the United is now imputed to Mexico, because she has refused toreceive an American emi: to dic- tate terms in her capital, and has ordered her scanty for- ces to assemble ona disputed frontier. The territory lying between the rivers Nueces and Del Norte is at most an unsettled and debatable ground ; if, indeed, any doubt has ever existed as to the ull right of Mexico to the whole province of Tamaulipas, exte to the for- mer and more northerly of these streams. occupa. tion of the left bank of the Rio Bravo del Norte was therefore an unwarrantable and rash act on the part of the American General ; and his blockade of Matamoras, a town situated on the right bank of the stream, wasa direct aggression on the territorial rights of Mexico.— We cannot suppose that Mr Polk is so blind as not to have foresoen these events. He must not only have foreseen them, but intended to briny No state 7 Mexico has them to pass. In his message upon the opening o! Congress he laid in wide grounds of remonstrance and retaliation Mexico. Mr. Blidell wes des. patched with a me ill. calculated to ific object. A To adv td Taylor was ordered to advance Py land beyond the true boundary of Texes; a demon. stration was made by an American squadron in the Gulf, and we have strong reason to believe that orders had al- ready been given to the American Commodore in the South Seas to seize upon Monterey, Port St. Francis, or other positions on the Californian coast, upon the first in- timation which should reach him of the withdrawal of Mr. Slidell from the Mexican territory. This combina- tion of measures, bong hn Roney the extraordina- ry language of the President in addresses upon several occasions, and viewed in connection with the electioneering interests of Mr. Polk’s party, leave no doubt that the head of the American government has, isc: vane of, plunged his country into this most flagitious w ‘The evile which must result from it flow straight from the democratic in- stitutions of the United States, from the popular vices which those institutions hav fostered when they most needed to be checked, and from the character of the political Empedocles whom they have raised to office. It_ is by no means improbable that the Mexicans may deteat and destroy the corps of General Taylor before the reinforcements arrive, and then assnme the offensive in Texas. However this may be, it is evident that such a successon their part would be but temporary, and would only exasperate to fury their unscrupulous and overwhelming enemy. But, weak as they are, they are not without weapons, which the unj state of American commerce and the secial condition of the Southern States render formidable. The immediate con- sequences of this rupture are, however, the least import- ant part of the case. The state of war which now oxists between Mexico and the United States at once gives rise [seceding genta ote gt bellige- | can army had been collected at Matamoras, and that | | we may hope thatinfour or five weeks the Oregon rents and of neutrals, of lettors of marque, blockade, and | the protection of trade, Already two English schooners, the Equity and Floridian, have been turned back from the mouth of the Rio Grande by the United States brig | Lawrence, before anv notification of blockade has been | made at all. “And, in addition to | separable concomitants of war, Great Britain has other and more momentous interests at this moment in dispute. ‘The time is come when the Oregon negotiation must be | brought to a close: and there is reason to anticipate that | we shall have toencounter a more intractable and ex- cited spirit on that question amongst the American peo- ple, if the war party has once asserted its predominance, armed the cor ,and perhaps obtained an easy triumph | over the Mexican forces. | From the London Times, June 1.) The tumultuous excitement occastoned throughout the | United States by the announcement that a small Mexi- 2,000 men had crossed the Rio Grande, and placed them- selves between General Taylor's camp and his supplies at Point Isabel, is certainly disproportioned to the actual magnitude of the event, und it presents a strango com- mentary on the sive policy and the warlike mea- sures which have beon gaining ground in the United Statos forthe last fow years. * * * * The immediate effect of this rupturo with Mexico is, therefore, to weaken the influence of the party which had recently succeeded in smoothing down the form of notice to be given to Great Britain—to increase the authority and ascendancy of the Exccutive government—to large sums of money and vast patronage at their disposal—to igment the United States army and navy—to call out a large body of volunteers and drill them into troops, and to promote that mariial spirit amongst the population large to which democratic communities are too prone. In short,if Mr. Polk were to propose to himself the m ‘tual mode of preparing the people of the United States Jor a contest with one of the great powers of Europe, he could not have hit upon any scheme more likely to suit his purpose than that of training the country by a little war, in which there is no serious risk, ne formidable enemy, ‘but just enough of éclat to whet the passions which the leaders of the American democracy are wont to flatter and obey.— hart ee Ifthe overture which Mr. Pakenham has been instructed to make in reply tothe notice for the termination of the convention be favorably received, controversy may be settled, and a finaltreaty of par- i signed. But the best means of arriving at this most desirable result are vigorous measures and a strong demonstration of our resolution not to recoil before any alternative. Symptoms have already reached us ofan intention on the part of the American government to convince us of the ex- treme moderation of their designs towards Mexico, and of their earnest desire to terminate this war. But the American government must be judged of by its public acts and declarations, not by assurances which we can these dangerous, but in- | noon-da: restore as much as possible the ancient principles of the French monarchy in connexion with the constitutional freedom and the enlightened ns of the promt age is a nobler task than to keep alive the spirit of revolution ary excitement. M. Thiers might have figured in the y ofthe Revolution. M. Guizot is fitter to have served in the highest offices of the State either before the | French monarchy had fallen from its sphere, or since it has resumed the steady course of a free govermont.— ‘This distinction is sufficiently obvious to the world ; and the character of the next French Chamber will demon- strate which of the two party leaders has the support of the political institutions of his country. It is not a matter of personal ference ; it is more than a question of favor or host if the Ministerial policy ; itis a deter- mination on which mainly rest the security of the throne and the good ocder of the realm of France, * {From the French Papers.] The ministerial newspaper, the Journal des Débats, came out on the 15th instant with a very violent article against Mr. President Polk. It assumes that he is as far disposed as ever from nigking concessions in his extreme claims to the w! of Oregon, notwith- standing ho is constrained so to do by the Senate, and by all that is reasonable in Amorica All that has happened, it says, especially his demand for increas- ed military and naval forces, seems to show that he is an adversary of an amicable arrangement, founded on 10 contested territory ; but it declares a NAY a division of ho can do nothing to carry his designs into effect. rived at the highest functions,” continues the Débats,, for which six months before his election no considerable title signalled him to the choice of his fellow citizens, only be ie he was the neighbor, the friend of General ‘olk assumes the heritage lomitable chief, whose violent patrioti: ep nized no check, no law. General Jackson breathed his last in saying that the whole of Oregon ought to belong to tho American Union, and that it must be claimed at the cannon’s mouth without ceding a li Mr, Polk appears to consider as an order from heaven this pro- gramme conceived by the old general, without any re- gard for treaties which he did not take any trouble to almost unani- ively among the of approbation democracy, intoxicated by the taking of first received the ‘proposit: of this other con- qu ve become singularly enfeebled. The public iscussion did justice upon warlike ides No matter: Mr. Polk is tothe present imperturbable. One would say that his mission is less to conform to the will of the nation, than faithfully to fulfil the mission of testamentary executor of his patron.” The Débats then observes that this system of tactics was successful to Jackson, and in- stances the affair of the bank, which terminated so disas- trously to the country, without, however, lessening his popularity. ‘These precedents,” it proceeds, ‘ seem to serve as the rule to Mr. Polk. Happily for his country and the peace of the world, he has not the personal as- ly as subterfuges and pretences. Its evident object is, if possible, CF ard peed the settlement of the Oregon question until Mexico has been reduced to terms; and then to put forward its pretensions to Oregon with the whole stre: of the Senionret rty. This must be defer Another month will bring us either a pays of partition and peace, or an answer which will call for more decided steps on the part of the British ge vernment. With regard to the mode of prosecuting the war against Mexico, we apprehend that whatever may be the feebleness of the Mexican troops, the nature of the country offers most serious obstacles to an invading army. The city of Mexico is 700 miles from the Rio Bravo del Norte. The roads are bad and ill-provided with water or supplies ; and a host of ill disciplined ad- venturers, like the American volunteers, would inevita- bly be cut off in detail in the interior of the country by the Rancheros and the Spanish population. ‘The mifgtary operations must, therefore, be confined to desultory wai- fare on the frontier If a blockade be announced of the eastern and western coasts of Mexico, including the ports of Vera Cruz, Tampico, and the mouth of the Rio Bravo on the Atlantic, and the immense extent of coast from Port St. Francis to Acapulco on the Pacific, the ma- ritime powers ef Europe, whose subjects are so largely interested in the commerce of Mexico, will, require that this blockade should be everywhere ecfore- ed by a competent American squadron. t the whole American navy now afloat would not suffice actually to blockade this extent of coast, even if its services were tion of American commerce. Whatever may be the law: of particular countries, or the stipulations of treaties, to the rights of privateers, there can be no doubt that the Mexican government issue letters of marque, there are seafi adventurers enough in the world to risk their lives this species of ized piracy, and to defy restrictions which can only be enforced here and there by the American v. of war. In the mer- cantile cities of the Union it was generally expected that the Mexicans would resort to this expedient.— We shall await with anxioty the measures which may be anticipated from ti Moxican and American govern- ments with reference to these maritime questions ; and as a proper precaution we hope the British squadron in the West Indies will at once be reinforced. Without any direct interest in the disturbed and declining affairs of Mexico, and without caring in the slightest degree what form of government exists in that country, since none canbe worse than the military anarch: which has exist. ted there for the last twenty years, there are important British undertakings and investments in Mexico which have frequently been the subject of communication be- tween the two governments, and which cannot now be left unprotected. Nor can we be blind to the fact that the Americans are, to use an expression of their own, about to fight the battle of oregee in Texas, and that the -samé which is now launching in full sects agai eir weakest neighbor, will ere long incite most stirring portion of the American le to lay hands ‘upon the American possessions of ritish Crown. is the time to prepare for resistance—firm, fance—to pretensions which are incompati- ble with the safety of neighboring states or the peace of the world. [From the Liverpool Times, June 2. The rates of insurance from Liverpool to New York and New Orleans, were yesterday, 25s. and 35s. per cent on British vessels, and 60s. to 105s. on American. This difference srises from apprehensions (real or pretended’ that the between the United States and Mexico wi have th fect of inducing the Mexican Government to issue letters of marque, against American commerce. We are very much ine! ined fo agree with the ‘author of the accompanying comunication, ese fears are un- igrocaied ard bo believe thal ated if (be Government of Mexco was disposed tojssue them, it would find no one disposed totake them. Our correspondent says :-— “* Much apprehension has been excited amongst our merchants that commerce with New Orleans and the rts in the Gulf of Mexico, would be interfered with by [otters of marque issued by the Mexican Government; but it appears that such apprehensions are groundless, as the Mexicans have only two accessible ports in the Gulf, Vera Cruz and Tampico,both which would be blockaded by the United States ships of war, and from which any capture would be cut off. Moreover, the United States have treaties with the following countries by which the subjecta and citizens of each are prohibited, in ease of war, from assisting or co-operating in hostilities with the enemy, or accey commission or Jetters of marque, viz, :—France, England, Spain, the Brazila, Netherlands, Columbia, Vi » Peru, Bovlivia, Chili, Denmark, Prussia, and Sweden; and the maritime power of Mexico herself is too insignifiant to create any alarm. It is true that the New York insurance ot are charging 4} per cent to ports in the Gulfof Mexico but{with the enormous amount at risk there, if there were any real danger, this premium would be utterly inadequate. The fact is that the uader-writers, like other people, wish to make money, and make the most of the fears of the public, whether they be real or imaginary.” The Peace of EuropeOne of the English Causes for the Settlement of the Oregon Question. paaae i the sis la op June 3) ae in spite of the tranquillity and prosperity of Europe, at the ‘present moment, ‘and the absence of any of those continental questions which may at‘any moment assume a threatening aspect, and demand the utmost vigilance of statesmen, there is enough beyond the present hour to suggest the most serious forecast. age of the King of the French and of the Minister of Austria, to search no further into the elements and causes of future change, is in itself @ fact of grea ort. Europe is rosperous ; but it can ill afford to sustain the loss of jove great men, who have succeeded, as much by their temper and character as by their talents, in consol the present state of aflaira. Without doubt, the exist: ence in France of a strong administration, supported by com and powerful part is the best guarantee, not only of the welfare of country, under all the events and trials to which it | aes peace of Europe. ifferences which now divide the ri for office would subside ; but they must subside by the ad- herence of all the leading statesmen of the country to the interests of public order and government, not by an unwise connivance at the insidious attempts of irrespon- sible politicians to lessen the weight and dignity of the soverei The at French election, which will a take about the Ist of August, will determine this great nn erm Ne oar ashen of the =f ns who ma: upon government by their support, through ‘more than coe ienportant crisis. Itis nota time when the suffrages of the omnis # solicited by the advocacy of some particular qu of minor interest ; it is not a time when experiments can bo tried with impunity. The tone of the late discussions, the hostile review token by M. Thiers of the whole reign, the forcible sppeal made by M. Gulzot to the prin. ciples which were the basis of the compact of 1 nd | the extraordinary energy shown by @ rival stat men on this occasion, sufficiently indicate the import- ance of the prize for which they are contending. M. Guizot’s administration is about to be judged by the country after a trial longer and more complete than any cabinet has enjoyed in France since the revolution. ‘The nation will determine whether the theories which are put forward to disguise and embellish the pretensions of pertonal ambition are worth the \ benefits which this administration has conferred upon the country. The result is almcst of as much im; to Europe as to the French themsel' It is the frequevt boast of M. Thiers that he isthe Saithful and devoted ta. tive of the principles of the French revolution ; and he has never hesitated te avow himself the defender and imitator of all but the gr ormitice of that terrible | riod of human ry. M. Guizot has playe , and aimed at a loftier object. He more original pred en H equal firmness the f abuses f absolute wer excess of ir lom, not oppos- Ing one extreme te the dther, but by establishing” and not likely to be required in other places for the protec- , cel y which General Jackson enjoyed. His indi- vidual influence is as narrow as that of Jackson was ex- tensive. He has not the privilege to touch the hearts of a great numib attach the crowd to his ateps, whatev- er be the extra igns, - Md of that native, powerful, aughtiness which imposed obedience, he is aman of very ordinary ‘proportions, thus fi t tastes and pretensions, and mediocre in his ulties. He may be obstinate, but he and if he were, his passion would not This very complimentary and flattering spereninnes of Mr. Polk winds up thi “Tn admittin; that his design be to concede none of Oregon to England, there is every reason to believe that he will nowise trou- ble the repose of the world, and that it is not given to him to draw upon his country the calamities and the hor- rors of war. All the effect of his efforts will be to retard the pacific solution which is wished by all who are rea- sonable in America, as in England, and on our Cont,- nent.” Asaset off to the onslaught of the Débat must be stated that the republican National has praised Mr. Polk. The almost universal impression in this city is, that he is an incompetent and imprudent man, and even many intelligent American citizensloudly condemn him. No one supposes for a moment that he will ever again occupy the presidential ckair. The Oregon Question—The Latest English Aspect. (From the Liverpool Times.] We have reason to believe that the object of General Armstro 1g, the United States Consul at this port, in pro- ceeding to America by the (reat Western, was to take out a proposal for the settlement of the Oregon question on the part of the British government. Gen. Armstrong is a veteran soldier, acompanion in arms of Gen. Jack- son, and an intimate friend of President Polk, and yet a firm friend to the preservation of peace between the two countries, The terms which ho is authorised to propose can agree to with honor. re think it necostary to, mon, | tax, &c., the go’ 1842, when they entered oftice, the charge on the cont lidated_ fund for the interest of the debt, &c., 8 £29,567,000, while for this year it would not exceed the sum of £28,129,000, difference of no less than £1,436,000. ‘ that, in the shape of property imposed burdens to the | extent of £5,600,000 ; but, on the other hand, they had reduced customs and excise duties to the extent of over | £8,200,000, which left a balance of reduced taxes to the amount of over £2,500,000, and all these results, from which the country had derived such essential benefits, had been brought about without the slightest age | ment of any of the great interests of the country. e right honoroble gentleman concluded by moving the usual resolutions. Canava.—In a Parliamentary document recent- | ly issued a correspondence between the Governor of Canada and Mr. Secretary Gladstone is given respecting the corn laws and the timber duties, as also the speech of the Governor General to the | Legislative ‘Aisa ef the Canadas; and the de- spatches addressed to the Colonial Secretary, re- monstrating against the presumed changes in the imperial commercial polis . In March last, the Legislative Assembly of Cuintin expressed their fears at the contemplated change in the corn laws. The Colonial Secretary allayed their fears. The Governor General forwarded a memorial to the Colenial Secretary by the Board of Trade at Mon- treal, and anothertrom the same, praying the re- peal of certain duties upon various articles import- ed into Canada from foreign states. Other corres- ndence occurred on the corn laws and timber angie ; and on the 18th of May last, Mr. Secreta- ry Gladstone closed the correspondence, as far as itis given in this document, in reply to a petition from merchants at Quebec praying her Majesty not to sanction the contemplated ification in the tariff on wood goods ; and in this communi- cation the Colonial Secretary showed that the titioners were under a misapprehension. The government could not forget the predictions, ‘the confident, and without doubt, sincere predictions, of ruin which attended the progress of the mea- sure of 1842 ; nor can they fail to contrast with those predictions the great subsequent extension, and the apparently flourishing condition of the trade at the present moment.” Mr. Secretary Gladstone, in one of his despatches, trusted ‘that the agricultural population of Canada would look forward without fear to a change, of which it is probable that the effects will be far less violent, either for good or for the partial evils which may accompany such goed, than many, prompted either by their hopes or their fears, have been for- ward toanticipate.” _ Army AND NavaL ApromTMgnts IN ENGLAND.— The following regiments are under orders for fo- reign service, and to return home :— st, West Indies to America; 23d, ditto to dit- to; 20th, two battalions, Bermuda to America; 48th, Jamaica to America ; 60th, second battalion America to England ; 52d, 81st, Mth, 89th, Ame- rica to England. The detachment of Royal Ar- tillery and Royal Sappers and Miners were to leave Woolwich on the 8d instant, for Deptford, where they are to embark in the Blenheim freight ship, for a pases to North America, to be sta- tioned on the Hadson Bay Company’s territory. In addition to Captain Blackwood, of the Royal Horse odo who wil have the command, Lieutenant Wilder, of the same branch of service, proceeds with the detachment. Capt: Andrew Drew, to be Naval Storekeeper and Ad- miralty Agent at the Cape of Good Hope, vice Breaks deceased. Was Midshipman of the Euro- tas in her gallant action with the Clorinde, in 1814; when seniors Lieutenant of the Thetis, commanded the seamen and marines landed to act against the Ashantees, in 1823 ; and when em- ployed in Canada, during the rebellion, was mainly instrumental in the capture and destruc- tion of the Caroline steamer, by sending her over the falls of Niagara. The appointment of a post captain to be a naval storekeeper, has given rise to much heart burning amongst many worthy old pursers. It would appear from O’Connell that Sir Robert Peel is determined to push forward the Irish coer- cion bill when Parliament re-assembles, after the are said to be such as the ernments of both countrios tion what we have stated above, as we have seen it stated, in some of the papers, that General Armstrong has been recalled by hisown government to act ina milftary capacity. He has not been recalled, and we have reason to believe that he will return to Liverpool in five or six weeks from the present time, we trust, with a treaty for the partition of the Oregon territory—London Times, June 2. Tue Bartisn Parutament, May 29.—Mr. Hume asked ‘whether the government had been officially informed that the President of the United States had received directions from Congress to give notice to this country of their intention to terminate the joint occupancy of the Ore- gon territory, and whether that notice had been given ? Sie R. Pxxt.—i can have no objection to answer the a hon. gentleman has put tomo, by stating, at the American President has given to Her hlajesty’s ar gs nt the formal notice necessary for the iermina- of the existing convention ; that termination to take nd of the year, and, in doing s0, the Presi- pted the terms which were assented to by both Houses of the Legislature of the United States— that the notice was given with the view of leading to an amicable adjustment of the differences between the two countries on this subject. The English Corn Laws. The committee on the Corn Bill in the House of Lords is fixed for the 11th of June, and, as there is no doubt whatever of the result, it is probable that the discussion will not be long, either at that stage or on the third read- ing. It is very undesirable that it should be so, for the scandalous the House of Commons, produced by the facti duet of Lord George B d foreign other members of the same class, have corn to accumulate in bond to an extent which must pro- duce a great effect on prices, especially as the whole of it will come out within a month or six weeks of the next harvest. Had it not been for the short-sighted folly uf these pretended friends of the farmer, the Corn Bill would have been passed from two to three months earlier than it now can, andthe greater part of the foreign surplus of last year would have been consumed before the corn of the present year was gathered. If the farmers of this country are subject to the inconvenience of having 2,000,- 000 quarters of wheat and wheat-flour poured into the market about six weeks before harvest, and to the still reater inconvenience of having the surplus of two yerrs roduced into the market in one, let them not throw the blame upon those who have been I since Novem ber last to liberate the supplies of last year as they arriv- ed, but on those whe have made thom accumulate to their resent magnitude, and have Leming discharged them om the market at the worst possible time for the British farmer. Tue Exousn Bupcer.—The Chancellor of the Exchequer brought forward his financial statement for the ensuing year in a committee of ways and means, the chief points of which were to the following purport :— Last year anincome of £49,760,000 had been antici- Peet but the amount realised was over £52,250,000, in- pendent of the money from China, a strong proof of the beneficial policy of reducing protective duties. The only great source of income which had declined was that of the Property and Income Tax; but even this de- clension was to be attributed to repayments made to parties who were entitled to such returns of money were, paid into the Exchequer. He might take the receipts of the ensuing year at £52,090,000, and penditure at £49,400,000 in round riumbers; leaving plus over £2,350,000. The customs produced last £19,760,000. A reduction of dutios had, however, place to the extent of £1,041,000. This reduction, how- ever, he hoped would counterbalanced by the in- creased consumption which might not unreasonably be expected. If, therefore, they took the loss at two-fifths of the whole sum repealed, the amount would be about £400,000, leaving the amount to be anticipated from the customs at £19,400,000. He thought that the trade ofthe country was in stich a progressive state of impro' that they might calculate upon an increaze w! leave the sum to be really br) or from the customs, after these reductions, at £19,300,000. In the excise there had been also a large reduction last year, leading to acertain amount of loss; but althoughisome duties had been altogether repealed, the duties tell only £100, 000 below what they had been in the previous year. Ho anticipated from the stamp duties about £7,400,000. being about £260,000 less than last year, the deduction bei estimated to accrue > 7 to less transactions in rail ways. The assessed and land taxes he would take at £4,230,000, and the property tax at the same amount as fast you £5,100,000. In the Post oftice department there had been a —— inet f ue, but he would take it at £850,000 for the ensuing being an increase of y only £60,000. Including the revenue from the crown lands the total receipts would be £50,955,000,to which might be added a further sum of over £700,000 from China ‘Th total result would be that estimated income of country for the ensui would be, in round nu: bers, £51,650,000, w! xpenditure would be £49,- 400,000, ok a disposable surplus of nearly £2,200,000, a surplus nearly equal to thut of the ing year, notwithstanding ali the reductions, in,both customs and excise which had been carried out. “There were, how- ever, certain additions to the blishments of the coun- and more particularly in the naval department and the armament of our shipping, which weuld appropriate aconsiderable portion of this surplus. The charge for the debt last ApS nonce linet this year it was only it this advan’ tion of public works in iretund. There was an increase in the estimates for the aivy as compared with those of last year, of between five und six hundred thousand pounds Jn the ordnance esuimates there was an increase of about £400,000, whic, wiih the additional charges .n the miscellaneous estiu.a..», would make a total charge of about £20,198,000, ‘i'i.is added to the charge for the public debt, kc., would y.ve a total expenditure of over £50,760,000. The resuit would be, that there would be a surplus of only £776,000, of which £700,000 was derived from China. The thé ble gentle ficou nes, arckoeeerees te io Be Ls anak to show the sdyoutebes derived by fhe oounke Pine bo fected every institution of the cot ‘thunder. | Policy pursued by the present government,which had not ‘tal the po r poder tm 4 only the finances of the country upon a firm and thelr terror are known by the Puins left substantial basis, but which had, while tadeeleg ome hind y To remove thove ruins, to raise the fabric of toms and excise duties in every direction, acti Te. 8 CoUntry’s greatness upon & new aid solid basis, and to | duced the expenditure by ‘ue million snd a hall. la Whitsuntide hoiidays. The second reading is to take place on Monday next. It was generally understood that the bill had been abandoned; and, judging of the opposition whieh it experi- enced in the earliest stage of its progress, by that which it is sure to encounter in the subsequent ones, it is marvellous that the First Minister should think of pressing it forward. In the pre- sent state of parties, it is one of those peculiar questions which may cause men of the most dis- similar views to combine, and the result may be critical to the government. Prince aoe Louis Bonaparte arrived in England on the 26th of May, the day after his es- cape from Ham. ° The Prince has written a letter to Sir Robert Peel, and one to Count St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador. The latter is as follows: Lonpon, May 29, 1846. Monsier le Comte—l. wish to declare candidly to the man who was the friend of my mother, that in quitting my prison I have not been actuated by any idea of req owing Sininey the French government a war which has been disastrous to myself, but only to be enabled to ap- proach my aged father. Previous to by 4 taking this step, I made every effort to obtain from the French government permi: to go to Florence, and I offered every .frusrantee consistent with my honor, But finding that my applications proved unsuccessful, I determined to have recoufse to the last expedient, which the Duc de Nemours and the Duc de Guise adopted, in similar circumstances, under Henry the Fourth. I beg, Monsie le Comte, that you will inform the French’ government of my peaceable intentions; and I hope that such spontaneous assurance on my part will shorten the captivity of my friends who still remain in prison. (Signed,) NAPOLEON LOUIS BONAPARTE. The Incidental Debate in the French Cham- bers relative to the United States. The Debates in the French Chamber in the last week in May werg rather interesting. In the course of the week; the discussion of the estimates afforded M. Thiers, who has been of late compar- atively silent, an opportunity of arraigning the whole system of M. Guizot’s policy, and of produ- cing a debate of much more than ordinary interest. It commenced on Wednesday last. M. Trees ascended the tribune, and said it was in or der not to interrupt the discussion of the Chapters that he addressed the Chamber at that moment. He stood there to Support by anticipation the amendment of M. O. Barret But this was not all. Worse than this was done. A dif- ference arose between England (the chance ally of rt and the ae Law Bet Rataesntet ally, bd part of England. e utm it ou, done, was to haye observ- eda kindly neutrality. (Hear,hear.) But from all these ions had France at least reaped any advantage ? Syria, where she asked for a little humani ristian populations, her voice was unheard ; and in Greece, where she only desired to see sound afolicy, established, her wishes were thwarted. It was said that peace had been observed. wpoighh . bd bd be M. Guizor should reply fully to the honorable deputy at the next ee Tuorepay, 28th May.—The minister of foreign affairs ascended the tribune, and said, that in replying to the ob- servations of the Hon. M. Thiers, he should endeavor to avoid all personal remarks ; for, whether one attempted ina discussion to a one's adversaries, or to eulo- ise one’s self, the eifect’ must be to le value of remo Dw Saris As to the question of the United States, he certainly did not expect to find it agaip alluded to in the tribune.— Every word that he had ever uttered relative to the Uni- ted States, every act that he had sanctioned, tht be strictly eamined, and nothing could be found that did not testi fy to hi it consideration and interest for that country. He hi P tered the independence of the policy of France, @ he had thought it fitting for her in. terest, in secondary matter ; and in a question of a gtaver cast, he had been the first to proclaim a policy which no person in that Chamber could gainsay—a strict and real noutralit; rrounded by ie kind of guaran tee, Such were the few words which he had deemed it necer to utter on the ar policy of the govern- ment. He should now bp to discuss that of the home administration, anc a te, step should observe, that on the accusation that the present ministry wished for peace at any price, he must declare that the did certainly ait at preserving peace, as the only oft cient means of consolidating the power and greatness of the country. The Approaching Elections in France, ; Paris Siecle.) several parties who de- clase that, if their principles were ,triumphant— that if their maxims were held in respect, France would enjoy a national, honest, and traly free government. Several contradictory principles cannot triumph at once ; the different trials undergone by France, for the last 60 yoett prove, moreover, that the guarantees of liberty may be compromised under ower form of government. hat, then, is the common interest of all sincere | men, in whose hearts the sentiment of the rights and the honour of the country has maintained | itselfin all its force 1 Is it not that those rights should be effectually guaranteed? Is it not that | the honour of France should never have to suffer either from the relations of her government with | other powers, or from scandals and. iniquities | whieh, by denaturalizing her institutions, degrade them in the estimation of the people? And that sued for so longa time, may what is rice OM That their quarrels ; they this result, vain); eventually be obtained, arties should suspend FP | should prb-coptipy h themselves, on the eve of the elections, not with the general doctrines which divide, and will divide them everlastingly—but with the ideas, and sentiments, and the facts, which ought to reunite them in the interest of the public. ' If, then, there are men who have made for themselves an instrument of preservation, a means of strength,—e system, in a word, of all the abuses and all the practices that can abase the state and degrade publie characters; if it noto- rious that these men look to proserve their power, not,by imposing respect abroad and inspiring their | own frieeds with confidence and esteem, but by anticipating all the concessions that the strong may exact, and by multiplying all the seductions calculated to corrupt the cowardly,—is it not the first duty of all honest men to @ome to an under- standing for the overthrow of this mischievous ad- ministration ? Itis with truth objected that other administra- tions, without carrymg their shamelessness to an equal extent, have had ver nearly the same _ten- dencies; and that those which will replace m, may allow themselves to be led astray in the same manner, if a more powerful restraint than their own will—if indispensable measures of rt do not retain them in the paths of a faithful and scrupulous legality. This objection, let there no mistake about it, is that of the false Conserva- tives themselves, who, not daring to defend in general the shameful excesses by which they pro- it, fail not to say that they are led by the state of things; that representative government, from. its nature, cannot be exempt either from corruption or intrigues; and that if the leaders of the opposi- tion were to become Ministers, they would pro- bably do the very things for which they now re- proach the depositories of power. It is surely allowable for the honour alone of the men and the parties who are brought into ques- tion, to rebut this lying assimilation. We are aware, however, that in presence of so many culpable acts and deplorable reminiscences, pro- mises cannot suffice. The characteristic differ- ence between the administration of the 29th of October (M. Guizot’s) and the constitutional opposition, independently of all that is connected with intentions and precedent, is this,—that the opposition, perceiving the evil, accept and inces- santly promote the serious reforms that may put a period thereto: whilst the pretended “ Conserva- tives” are pea iy ata state of things at which they nevertheless, affect to blush, and declare systematically against every kind of reform. The attempts which have been made in the course of the present session, and which have been rejected, as always, by the majority, prove that there is, on one side, a persevering will to fortify the institutions of the country by modify- ing the laws; and on the other, a ‘settled deter- mination to remain shut up in the most complete immovability. The electors will have to choose between these two tendencies. Itis for them to rer whether they wish corruption to extend take root, and the actual régime to be maintained, covered all over with defiling stains, until 2 crisis sweep it away with the impotent laws that it has perverted, or if they prefer,that necessary reforms should restore life and vigour to the constitution, which ought to protect the rights of all. , Once more we repeat it, this is no party ques- tion; it is a question of nationality, public morali- ty, and liberty for the whole of France. Belgium. The advices from Brussels are to the 27th ult. The Cuamber of Commerce of Bruges has sent an address to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, in- sisting on the necessity of a customs house union between Belgium and France. The official returns show that in 1845 the amount of the commerve of this tiny kingdom was 676,000,000 francs—importations 366,000, exportations 310,000,000. The transport trade has increased, since the formation of railways, from 50,000 tons to 702,000. Oftravellers the increase has been from 1,385,000 to 3,456,000, and the re- ceipts have risen from three to twelve and a hall millions francs, Of the elections that have taken place, the greater part are in favor of the liberal party. Spain. Our accounts from Madrid are of the 28th ult. The preliminary arrangements for the aver from Madrid to the French frontier are proceed- ing very actively. The financial position of the Spanish govern- ment would appear to be improving, judgii from the fact that the Minister of Finance paid the clergy the sum of 19,000,000 of reals dur- Ing the month of May. It was again reported that the government contemplated to suppress the pro- vinclal regiments. The situation of affairs in Portugal continued to preoceupy the cabinet and the public generally. The Heraldo earnestly called upon the ministry to adopt measures to prevent the conflagration from gaining the Span- ish territory; ‘‘or,”’ it says, “we shall have to con- template once more scenes of disorder and de- struction.” Brigadier Calonge had left Salamanca. for Ciudad Rodrigo, to watch the Vag ard of events in Portugal, and the regiment of the Astu- rias has been direc: to occupy certain points all along the frontier. It is asserted that the Spanish government had offered the hand of Queen Isabella to Prince Lwo- oss of Saxe Coburg Gotha, through the Queen of ‘ortugal, but the courtiers, on the authority of the ministry, denied the truth of the statement. M. Isturitz, however, declared that he would con- sent that her Majesty might marry whom she pleased, with one exception—Count rappel The government of her Majesty Queen Isabella had been acknowledged by a salute fired in honor of the Spanish flag by the Russtan ship in which his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constan- tine visited Algesiras. 3 Portugal. The advices from Lisbon are of the 27th ult. The Costra Cabral ministry has at length fallen amid the universal execration of the Poi se people, and the whole country is_ ina state of in- surrection. The dissolution ‘of the cabinet had been looked for for some days. The Count Villa Real was immediately sent for by the Queen, who confided to him the formation of a new mi- nistry; but his efforts having proved hi suc- cessful, her Majouy commanded the of the Duke of ‘almella, to whom she gave a si- milar authority. He is said to have offered the portfolio of Foreign Affairs to Count Lavradio; that of Finance to Count Tojal; that of Justice to Souza Azevedo, a Miguelite; and that of War to Viscount Sa da Bandeira, a Septembrit. ‘The flame of insurrection has rapidly extended from the Minho all over Tras os Montes, in which lat- ter province 8000 wel srpoined men were said to have assembled under the directions of a jun- ta, composed of its most influential proprietors. It appears that young Villa Real, the son of the Count of that name, had put himself at the head of a large body of peasantry, and had taken pos session of the town from which his father’s title is derived; that another body of rebels had dis- armed a strong detachment of the Queen’s troops at Amarante, and having made themselves mas- ters of the bridge over the Douro, had opened a direct communication with the Minhe insu Viscount Vinhaes, finding how matters wood and having ascertained that the liery were clined to act against the people, entered into ne- gotiations with the junta, the result of which was an agreement to suspend hostilities for six days, by which time the Queen will have had an op- portunity of Leanna eg demands of the in- surgents. It appears that on intimation of the danger, Jose Cabral sneaked on a steamer at Oporto in the night, and thus escaped the con- sequences of his Sepopelaies Attempts were making to recruit the army, but with little suc- cess. The troops, indeed, seemed di: to make common cause with the people. whole province of Beira had risen, and a body of in- surgents, from 4000 to 5000 strong, had entered Coimbra, So strong was the feeling against the Cabral brothers in ail parts of Portugal, that they can hardly remain any longer in that with safety. It may seem strange that the Queen should have sent for the father of one. of thechiets of the insurgents to confide to him the formation of a ministry; but the fact is that the father and son are of opposite parties, and have no more sympathy with each other on political matters than the Duke of Newcastle has with the new Ish Secretary. Almeida has pronounced in fa- vor of the insurrection, and the garrison has join- ed in the movement. mn. Call had in con- | sequence ordered a concentration of all the mili- | tary force stationed in the province of Ciudad Rodrigo on the frontier of Portugal, and on the 23d he took up # position at Alda del-Obispo. Germany. The German advices are to the 26th ult. Austria, Prussia and Russia are apprehensive of another outbreak in Cracow, to be set on foot by the Polish emigrants in France, England and Belgian, The three powers have taken measures of precaution. At Warsaw several arrests have been made, Austria has made use of the assist~ ance of the peasantry, by liberally remunerating them for their recent exerions. ‘The Chambers of Hanover have rejected a law of great severity towards the press.