The New York Herald Newspaper, April 22, 1846, Page 1

PHE NEW Y Sa Vol. Xiigf 111 Whole No. 4324 =r ‘The Latest In mee. | ‘British farm ting up the steam in the race ERRRESS FROM BOSTON. the oftiamine Liverpool Times, Apa} | of competition, and every in evernent in ling, Pe. count ee deoandigand loony. Ware soit_ Srapeandita wea attain of eh | MIGHLY ESTING INTELLIGENCE ery Seoernlde ofthe ison trade, sa greatac-{ Our Hi rg correspondent, under dute of the FROM EUROPE pot abeenol ‘menciecturing ‘whith in aot | share, teenie on re oe ‘ suffering more or less under paralysis. In meny of | may lh tA toon tnt the a ecaan caution | the manofi ing towns there are thousands of Seccrh aosy frie going, as they fear a war. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA. HALF A MONTH LATER. IMPORTANT BOSITION OF THE OREGON QUESTION IN ENGLAND. THE DIVISION OF PARTIES. <Important Indian Intelligence. TWO GREAT ENGLISH VICTORIES OVER THE SIKHS. The supposed Termination of War in India. “Bngltsh Annexation in the East, REVOLUTION IN SPAIN. Probable End of the Polish Revolu- tion. “SPATE OF THE OOTTON MARKRT. Stagnation in the Corn Marts. FINANCIAL AFFAIRS, Be. dice Siow The steam ship Caledonia, Capt. Lott, arrived at Boston on Monday, with advices from Liverpool to the 4th, and London of the 3d instant, both The news was immediately obtained and brought by express to tins city. It was for- and Keene Express, over the Boston and Wor- cester Railroad, on Mr. Woodworth’s new loco- motive, called the Express, in fifty-five minutes; thence over the Norwich and Worcester Rail- road in one hour and forty-five minutes; thence across the Sound in the neat little steamer An- gelina; thence over the Long Island Railroad in two hours and ten minutes; and all this with- out any previous arrangements being made on the route. Tie victories «f the English over the brave Sikhs Qppéar to be the principal feature of the intelligence Tho slaughter of the Sikhs was terrible. Ten or twelve thousand of these brave fellows and _ nearly two thousand English troops were slain and wounded. ‘This battle and this slaughter, added to the slaugh- ter of twenty thousand Sikis wa previous battle, has resulted, in the surrender, in full sovereignty, of the territory, hill and plain, lying between the Sutlej and Beas rivers, and the payment of one and a-half croré __ of rupees.as indemnity for the expenses of the war, * the entire regulation and control of both banks of the Sutlj, and‘such other arrangements for settling the Suture boundaries of the Sikh State, and the organi- zation of its admintstration, as might be determined on at Lahore. The Oregon question has assumed a new shape in England. The parties are dividing, and the ag- rieu:tural lords and classes intend to oppose the free trade movement of Sir Robert Peel to the utter- most; and by this means they expect to head joff his intention relative to the settlement of the Ore- gon dispute. The cotton market was apparently depressed ; yet on the 3d instant, American descriptions :mproved one-eightth of a penny. The money market was in an unsettled and unsa- tisfactory state. * ‘There appears to be a stagnation in the corn mar- kets, m consequence of the movements in Parlia” ment relative to the corn laws. It is said that the Oregon question will cut off, to a large extent, ‘the emigration from Germany te the Untited States. Indian corn continues to arrive in England and gain popularity. The English tariff and Irish coercion bill absorb the proceedings in Parliament. The Polish revolution appears td be at an end. Poor, unfortunate Poland. ‘There 1s no news of importance from France. The French papers do not say much about the Ore- gon question. It is the opinion there that Mr. Polk is in the wrong. . ‘Spain continues in an agitated state. ‘The packet ship Montezuma, Capt. Lowher, arri- ved.at Liverpool on the 26th ult., but she was beaten out by the new and splendid ship Marmion, Capt. Edwards. The American Minister was prevented by indis- position from attending the Queen’s Drawing-room, tion, Mr. Gansevoort Melville. Maient a ,, were proceed ing witout intermission at the Tuileries, Neuilly, St. Cloud and Versailles, particulary at the on. teat activity continues in all the dock id, and the recruiting for the army is mon spirit. soldiers were ot which were to proceed by the overland route. Jt is now stated that that erder will be rescinded. There ise rumor current that an additional number will proceed to Canada. Amongst the applicants tor the office of superin- tendent of the and Fat Rady ven qised at £500 per annum, are three members of Par- Some of the rich Polish nobles resident in Paris sold shares in the.French railways to the amount ot £80,000 sterling, to send the proceeds to their, in- urgent countrymen. « The Queen and Prince Albert accompanied by the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, weck on - Tuesday afternoon to Astley’s Theatre. The per- formances were private. The Gazette mentions a rumor from Alex- andria that Mehemet Ali iniends to vieit Constanti- nople, and from thence go to Paris, so as to be there atthe same time as Queen Victoria, ‘The carriage presented by Queen Victoria to the less fortunate Queen Pomare ot Tahiti, is advertised for sale in order to afford her Majesty the ne saries of life. The difference between railway scrip property at the present prices and at those of Sepieuiber last is areduction in value of from fitty to sixty millions. Paes Tape wire tae Unrreo Stratis —A very able article on the subject of tree trace between the United States and England, appears in the Murn- tng Chronicle of yesterday—one of the most respec: table and talented newspapers in (his couucy. ‘We regret we cannot transter this clever expo- sition of the benefits which a mutual system of re- ciprocity will confer on both countries, to our alree- dy crowded columns. The spirit of the article 18 as | admirable as its reasoning is convincing. The wi iter | shows the concessions Which wicor peoduen cf ike Uaind Mees eee ee licy which 1s now being developed in England. The article ought to command, as it deserves, the attention of the American public, and xt will not be less pla Fp! ee frends, un- = nial ‘ , oo at 116 U; peck geet, London, Lewis Titus Pelnam,"oaiy son of R. W. Pelham, Esq., of aged 8 months and 25 days. warded by Mr. L. Bigelow, of the Fitchburg | ORK HERALD. NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 22, 1846. workmen out of employment; the markets for all deseriptions of produce are in a state of stagaation ; | stocks are daily on the increase, with sinking prices and a diminishing consumption ; and, 10 short, al condition of things exists which threatens to suspend all the ordinary functions of commercial and manu- facturing industry. . ? tis hardly necessary to state that this depression, | which every week renders more galling and ruinous has its my origin in the uncertatuty which still pangess wut the fate of the tariff. Other canses, un- | doubted!y, contribute to fetter the wheels of trade, but the great impediment is the one at which we have glan A panic ars to be impending. The Secandaner: is daily on the increase ; and many persons in business, influeuced probably by their fears, labor under the impression that the mea- sure will yet be strangled in one or the other House of Parliament. Se, t is this prestige of evil, that Sir Robert Peel, on the evening of Wednesday Just, telt bound to renew the assurance of his desire te carry out his commercial policy with the least poseil delay. We have alluded more in detail to the sibjétt ttrenother column, and we notice it here for the purpose of indicating what we sincerely be- lieve 1o.be.a groundless apprehension, and to point out, at the eame time, ita blighting ‘effect on every description of business. F 44 order to give as much freedom as ppomible to the operetions of the commercial world, under ex- isting circumstances, Ministers, as most of our readers know, issued recently a treasury order for the payment of the reduced duties, the parties giv- ing bond that if the peers throw out the bill, the old seale of duties would be paid. This was a wise enda liberal move in the right direction, and ad- vantage to some extent has been taken of it, But the risk invoived has been too great to allow its ge- neraladoption. The public have derived little or no benefit {rom the arrangement; for the induce- ment to increased consumption has been neutralized by the,retail price of the various articles being little below their former level. Indeed, all such tempo- rary expedients partake of the character of gam- bling-—speculation ir, perhape,-a more legitimate new tariff im the United forward, and will ities in the United icortalty sot ve te ites ven! goods irom gen, leanen the receipt ode tes for the increasing considerably the duties on American to- bacco, and it is very probable this increase will take place if the American Government refuse to Tatify the Zoll Verein treaty. The price of wheat and grain ot every kind is falling in Germany, as there is every prospect of crops this season. The Oregon Question Again in Parliament. | HOUSE OF COMMONS, MARCH 20. On the motion tor reading the order of the day, Mr. Bor vHWIGK rose toput the question of which he had given, notes. Kd nace Cera commence: reading the following para, from her he ji y's pepe from fe throne the openi > present session :—“‘I regret that | canflidting claims of Great Britain and the United States, in respect of the territory on the north-west- coat mone Sf aetie shnesan they. hare: beh made the t of repeated negotiation, still re- main unsettled, You may be assured that no effort consistent with national honor shal) be wanting on ny part to bring this question to an early and peace- ful termination.” The honorable member proceed- ed :—It was impossible to select words more worthy a powerful Sovereign addressing her Parliament. Up to the present time the house had yielded. to the government a silent aid entire confidence in its measures; he did not rise either to disturb that si- lence or intimate any diminution of thatconfidence But, though that house had appreciated the spirit in which the government had acted, on the other side of the Atlantic there was a party which had put vpon the wordy pronouncea by her Majesty, and on the subsequent proceedings of the government, a construction the very opposite of that they were in- tended to bear. It was time England should dis- tinetly assert, tha: while she was ready to make every sacrifice for the inaintenance of peace, con- sistent with her honor, yet that she only deprecated war in this instance from. feeling that any war‘n which she should engoge could not but seriously in- god For ihe, _ encountered, the profits must correspond! eavy. The monk hare over business has been eg ly deepening during the last six wi fortnight being the darkest of all. Under the most favorable circumstance, there seems hitle chance of seeing the new tariff on the statute book betore the end of May ; and it will be at least the mide ot ae eli betore be nae mages tie second reading—can have passed the upper branch o| the Legislature. If, unhappily, the measure should be thrown out, the summer will be consumed in the turmoil of a general election, and autumn will hardly see the new parliament assembled. Then the war ot words will recommence, embittered by disappointd hopes and individual suffering 5, and even supposing the free traders to have a majority, their policy can- not.come into play before the end of the present or the commencement of the following year. Butil, on the contrary, a protectionist ministry is formed and attempts to govern the country, the battle will be atill further prolonged, and the intensity of com- merciat and national suffering fearfully increased While we hope for the best, it is just as well to glance at the dark—at the worst side of the picture; and his must indeed be a bold heart that can, without shud- dering at the temerity, be a party to convulsing this great commercial nation by a struggle so intense, that all the elements of society would stand a chance ot being reduced to their chaotic condition. The stoutest heart may stand appalled, when it contem- plates the consequences which must inevitably re- sult from the rejection of a policy, to which every nran in the kingdom, who has the least pretensions to the character of a practical statesman, is irrevo- cabiy wedded; a policy which is opposed solely by the heavy country squires; by a sporting lord or two, whose wiedge of arithmetic is confined to “making a book” at Newmarket and Epsom; and by a flashy orator, clever at rounding a period, and manufucturing excitable works of ficuon, whose sir enthusiasm scorns all approach to the prac- tical At Leeds, on Tuesday, the protracted stagnation caused prices to give way; but in that town, as well as ia Huddersfield, the trade, at present, is princi- ly supported by orders from America. At the last chester market there was little doing, and a feeling of gloom prevailed during the day, influenced by the hostile movements of the minority in the jouse of Commons to the free-trade measures of the government. : : J The cotton market, more especially, is laboring under the effects of the general depression. The esti- mates of thenew crop are now reduced to two mil- lions of bales; and yet,in she face of this falling orf in the staple, the price continues so low, that the rates which in this market involve a loss of not Jess than 203. per bale, on a comparison with the prices which prevail ig America! The statistics of the trade show a gradual decline in the sales since the measures of the government were announced, and trade will ce! ly not recover its tone until all doubt has di ared. Capital, like the sensitive plant, shrinks from contact while uncertainty is abroad; and the holders, as well as the importers of cotton, are destined like other branches ol the com- mercial world, to feel and to deploxe the curse of séifiah obstruction. The sales yesterday were up- wards of 500 bags to the trade. There has been some export inquiry; but the market closed tamely. The sales of the week amount to 37,030 bags. The money market is in a very unsatisfactory state. Cash isecarce and dear, snd nothing ut first rate paper, and that at short dates, stand the least chance of discount inthe London market. The rail- way projectors get their acts slowly and unsatistac- torily, and it is clear that a large number of the schemes betore Parliament must be rejected.— Months will elapse before the money which the <o- vernment has locked up—tle ten per cent on the amount of the capital—can find its wa: (0 general circulation, and thereby relieve the “tightness” which prevails. The etlects of inprovident specu- lation continue to manifest themaeives in the pletho- ra of the Gazette, where the broken-down seekers of iortune find a ready asylum. ‘ht time, the payin; schemes will find their way into better hands, an while the weak holders go to the wall, the stro’ ones will rise to wealth and greatness on the wre of ruined hopes and blighted hearts. Thus it has ever been—thus it will everbe But the interval, which 1s bringing matters to their natural level, is one of terrible pressure. hat has been well said of partyzpolitics is equally applicable to indiscrimi- nate Jone eae madness of many tor the gain ofa few. An important trial took place at Exeter lately, in which the directors of a projected railway brought an action ‘gainst a party to whom, on his own ap- pheauon, they had elloweda ay ee shares. The allottee retused to take up the or pay the ori- gina deposit, which amounted to some or £3 per share. As the company had contracted en- hey ofterea to compromiee the affair on payment oi is. per snare. The party refused, the action was bronght, and the jury gave the directors averdict for the tull amount of the shares. This decision has spread universal consternation, for thousands upon thousands of parties, suspended be- tween respectability and rum, are in the position of the defendant inthis action. Like rats in a cage, they, are preying upon and cevouring each other. ‘e have more than once recently referred to the popularity which Indian corn, as an article of feod, Jo attaining in this country. 11 will prove, ere long, a valuable export. The Government is most anxious that it should supersede to a great extent, the potato amongst the laboring poor, and the recent scarcity ot that esculent is favorable to its introduction. Cargoes of Indian corn are daily reaching the Bri- tish ports from the United States, and large quanti- ties have been released from bond, duty free, under the Treasury order already mentioned. Shops for its exclusive retail sale are being opened in many of the large towns, and the American mode of using it is generaly adopted. The corn market, pending the discussions of the government scheme, 1s, like all the markets, in a complete state of stagnation. Prices vary but litde, and parties merely purchase from hand to mouth to satisly their immediate requrementa— The getreral behef 1s, that if the measure is passed tae article will rise in value, bat to this doctrine there are, of course, some disseutions. Lerd G. Bentinck pressed Sir R. Peel, some time ago, to fix the price of corn under the operetion Of his new scheme, but the speculations of thé Premie?, on this head, having been fuisified by facts, he was natu- jruly unwilimg to commit himseif by another guess. But what the Minister declined to |do has been done by an authority which stands high in the estimation of the agricul. turists. at authority is the Mark Lane Express. The publication to which we reter declares empha- Yically, that under the new arrangement the price of corn will oscillate between 458 and 48s per quarter. Without entering into the minutia of the question, Peacrage gh Akcge ee carte Tate, it wi ve an ample margin for the profit of the United Eiasea end Canadian exporters. But t.¢ terfere with the progrese of human civilization. An expressionot this feeling should be distinctly made by that house, becauge such an expression would do more than all the diplomatic negotiations towards the maintenance of peace between this country and America. The honorable gentleman concluded b; asking “whether it is the intention of her Majesty’s government to present to this house copies or ex- tracts of any correspondence which may have pass- e1 between the Secretary of State for Foreign Af- fairs and her Majesty’s Minister at Washington in Telation to the Oregon territory.” Str R. Peer—I do not think it necessary to make any observations on the general subject upon which the hon. gentleman has spoken. (Hear.) I believe that any explanation is wholly unnecessary, because I am pertectly convinced tliat the expres- sions used by Her Majesty in the speech from the throne, and the expressions of public men in this house of either of the political parties, have really not been misconstrued in the United States. (Hear, hear.) I do not think any public advantage would be gained by laying on the table of the house in the present state of the question, any papers relating to the differences between this country and the United States, with respect to the Oregon territory, or in now making any communication upon the subject to jouse; and it ia not the intention of her Majes- ty’s Government to make any such communication. At the same time I may state, that the executive Government of the United States having a distinct proposition to make to a branch of the legislature of that country, has made a communication to it, con- taining certain notes which have passed between Mr. buchanan and Mr. Pakenham; though I chould not have thought it necessary to lay those notes as a communication before the house, still, as they have been made public, and as it may be necessary they should be authenticated, I shall not object to ecenes those communications to which publicity been already given. (‘‘Hear, hear,” and a laugh.) I really do not understand what provokes that laugh; we have mo other papers to produce at preeent on the part of the Government; the negotia- tions are not yet bipeatie to a conclusion, and it is quite unusual to produce official despatches when negotiations have not been closed. By the act of ahother Government, certain communications have been made public; the house has a right to have them authenticated, and though I had not intended to produce them, yet if it should be the wish of the house that they should be laid the table, I will deter to that wish (cries of “No, no!”), but I can- not undertake to produce any others. Lord J. Russgiu.-—I wish to repeat, as far as | am concerned, that Ihave no desire to ask for any papers until the right hon. gentleman can state that the negotiations have reached such a point, whether satisfactory or unsatistactory, as to induce him to think the time has arrived when the papers relating to this negotiation can be laid before the house. If the right hon. penilomen thinks proper to consent to the motion for the production of papers, I can on- ly eay Ido not press for or ask for them; and, tll the result of the whole negotiation is known, I do not feel called on to express any opinion on the sub- ject. 1 wish, however, on this occasion to ask the right hon. gentleman a question with respect to the course that is to be pursued in relation to the bill for thetepeal of the corn laws. It isto be noted that we have now been assembled, I believe, eight weeks, since her Mapeety, made her gracious speech from the throne. The first statement of the measures of the Government was made by the right hon. gen- tlemana fortnight before they were taken into con- sideration ; three weeks were occupied by the pre- luminary discussion upon ‘them, and after that the bill was introduced. Itdoes seem to me that, after so much discussion, the right hon gentleman would be justified in doing that which he stated it was his intention to do—to proceed with the Corn Bill day by day, till the discussion should be closed. But another right hon. gentleman, the Secretary for the Home Department, the other evening, in answer to a question, stated that it was his intentjon on the first day alter the second reading of the Corn Bill, to propose the first reading of the bill for the pro- tection of life in Ireland. Now I could very well understand that, if this bill were of such urgency that all other measures mest be postponed for it, the right hon. gentleman should postpone the corn mea- sure and go on with the other. But such I do not understand 18 the right hon. gentleman’s intention; and as there is no such urgency, | think it is obvious that the bill should not be hastened, even a single day, if it must be at the expense of retarding the iscussion, and with the discussion the decision on the Corn Bill. (Hear, hear.) If, however, the third reading of the Corn Bill is to be postponed, then it will take place at the time on the firat read- ing of the other bill ¥j 0 that, in point of gt no ume will be gained in the passing of that bill to which the night hon. gentleman, the Secretary for the Home Lepariment, attaches suth importance: [ may be allowed to express my hope that the right hon. gentleman, the Friret Lord of the , will adhere to the course which he former'y stated he deemed it inost expedient to pursue. (ifear, hear.) Ido not blame the Ministers, or those who have on this occasion opposed the Minisiere, for the delay which unfortunately has occurred; but 1 do think that there has ‘altend been sufficient discus- sion to entitle the right hon, gentleman to say that he will not be hastening the measure with undue precipitancy, if he, when the committee has report- bay Link js at once with the third reading. me conversation between Lord J. Hl and Sir pete) then enaued as to be order in which the public business to proceed. the order of ihe ay. waa then read for the recep- tion of the report on the Customs’ Act. y The Clerk having read the resolutions respecting the importation of timber, [: The Marquis of Worcester moved that it be erased from the resolutions, on the that the shipping interest had been materially injured by the relaxation of protection, and that they would yi more extensively injured by the relaxation now proposed The Canada timber trade was car- tied oo hy British ships alone; the Baltic timber trade was carrted on by ships, of which five sixths belonged to the nations on the shores of the Baltic. Ought the house to legislete for the benefit of the Nations on those shores, or for the benefit of Great Britain and her colonies ? The question having been put, a bey curred, during which no member rose. at length.broken by rq Mr. Hinoz—The proposed reduction would be Productive of the most injurious effeets upon the re- tations between this country and her colonies. If the House should. adopt it, it might make a present to the United States not only of Oregon, but of Ca- Brunewick nada and New too. «He: concluded putting this question to the ministerial bench, i you carry out the of free’ trade to their tall oxida 65 RAS. WS the colonies be to the mother country Mr. Canpwaus defined the course adopted by the The | also entered into a statement to apprehension of war is almost as bad as war it- | sell. There 18 a report that the Zollverein intend | tween 18 \mwted | Soperenent, and justified the resolution then before | the House. He proceeded to show that under past | relaxation the timber trade with Canada, instead of | being injured, had actually doubled in value, andto | infer theretrom that there would be no occasion to cretion of Mr. H. Hinde beca: | the minister who had introduced this meats. He rove that j | either had been done or would ie done by the re- | Mexeston of duty to the growers of British timber. The present prices proved that the relaxation of du- firat half of this year, so that the | ties had conferred a great benefitjupon them ; for | now 165 per cent more than they were be- and 1840. Mr. A, Cuarman uaplowes the house to take care that it did not injure the shipping interest by trans- ferring the timber trade from Canada to the Baltic. He had reason to dread that the interest of his con- stituents would be seriously eared by such a trans- action. Timber was a fair subject for taxation ; for itcould not be smuggled; and with the great ex- tension of railways, which was now going on throughout the country, there must be a great and growing demand forit. He hoped that the mari- time interests of the country would not be affected by the reduction now proposed. I Captain Harais was of opinion that this resolu- tion, if adopted by the house, would strike a heavy blow against the North American trade, and that by so doing, it would inflict a great injury on the ser- vice to which he had the honortobelong. * * . Mr. Hume should give his support to this resolu tion, although he lamented that the emire duty on timber had not been taken off. When every duty was taken off, why wagit retained on timber, which was so useful an article in the consumption of the poor? He called particular attention to the advantage which the maritime population of these islands would derive from the entire abolition of the timber duties. The fisheries on our coast were the most productive in the world, and yet, we did not draw from them any thing like the benefit which we ought. And why? Because our countrymen were not in a condition to fit out their boats properly, owing to the high price of timber; and more lives were annually jost on our coasts, owing to the defective equipment of our fishing boats, than were lost on the coasts of every other country in the world. _ : Lord G. Bentinck cautioned hon. members against being led away by the facts and figures quoted, or to be quoted by Mi rs on this subject; for, as an illustrious relative of his, Mr. Canning, had once remarked, the last thing which a man of sense would believe in the House of Commons, was a statement of facts and figures. ‘glen, ‘desi. He then pointed out at great length, the injury whieh this resolution was calculated to inflict upon Canada. Our Canadian brethren had reason to be alarmed, and were alarmed, at the mere pro- position of this reduction. They were already dis- cussing. the question, whether it would not be better for them to be annexed to the United States, and were preparing remopstrances against the new commercial policy of the British (tovernment This was not just the time to quarrel with the colo nies, when America was arming her sexbord; and when Mr. John Quincy Adams (Oh, no”) was blasphemously, he would say, calling to his aid the word of God as a_ justification for lighting up fire- brands and unleashing the hellhounds of war on our territory of Uregon.' (Hear, hear.) He did not think this wasa happy moment tor Her Majesty’s Minis- ters by their fiscal measures to alienate our Canadi- an friends, when a storm was gatherin; inst us. Yes, there was a cloud in the west, aad that black cloud would grow blacker still, and perhaps break over us, if such measures as those were offered to our Canadian Colonists. He, for one, was as anx- ious as any one that peace should be maintained with honor. He thought this country could very well afford to repose on her laurels, and need be in no haste again to enter into the conflicts of war; but he must say, that the way to maintain peace was not by making a dishonorable sacrifice either of our colonial or our domestic in- dustry. (Hear, hear) He was as willing as any one that if a doubt should arise about our Tights the question should be referred t> an um- any he cared not whom ; antl he was equally wil- jing to concede to the American States that to awhich we had no right. But if it came to this, that the Bible should be quoted for the title of the Ame- ricans to the Oregon territory, he trusted that we should not Fo sneaking tos the United States with the boon of free trade in our hands, and ready to give away the birth-right of the British farmer.— (Cheers.) Butif these differences should not pass away, he should not ask the right hon gentleman in the chair to have the Bible read at the table ; but, relying on the all-powerful aid of the God of Battles, he should confide that we would be enabled to ad- dress the Americans io the language of Briti thunder from the broadsides of a Jine of battle ship. (Hear, hear.) Firm in the justice of our cause, when the last resources of peace should have paseed away, with an all-just Providence on our side, fear- ing no hui enemy, they would send those British seamen, which the government by their measures were that night going to destroy, to the sea-board of America, to speak in terms that could not be mis- understood, and make assertion of our rights.— (Hear, hear.) h3 tha ideadrerce * : He was no friend to war; but it war should come, he would send those British seamen, whom their present legislation was injuring so much, to destroy the American seaboard, and to speak in language which could not be misunderstood to New York, and Boston, and New Orle: Turning from this warlike demonstration against America, which was loudly cheered by the House, he entered into a Lorik statistical dissertation, displaying much industry an Tesearch to prove thut the shipping ; interest was jured, and would be still more essentially injured by the relaxation of the protection under which it had grown up. If the shipping ‘interest were injured, our maritime supremacy would Ly Bae ni pani if by any vicissitude of fortune it should be lost, the glory and prosperity of England would be placed in the utmost jeopardy. 3 Mr. C. Butter observed, that as the reat of this question had been very satisfactorily disposed of, he would confine himeelf to the remarks of Lord C, Bentinck, on the indignation which he declared was now shaking Canada from one end of it to the other. Now he thought that when Lord G. Ben- tinck unfurled the Union Jack as the fing of the party sitting on the 50 ducal benches, he ought,along with the influence, to assume the gravity ant fepon sibility of the leader of a party. He (Mr. C. Bul-) ler} thought that the use of tne language of dignified courtesy towards foreign nations, such as Sir R. Peel habitually used, was preferable to bandying bombast with the bre ts of America, and to justifying, or almost justifying, the vagaries of poor Mr. Adams by congenial bluster. He had intmated his dissent from Lord G. Bentinck, when he said that the inhabitants of Canada were discue- sing the expediency ef separating themselves from England, and of annexing themselves to America on account of his resolution. He had received papers from Canada as well as the noble lord; and the editor of one of the Montreal papers, amid indigna- tion which was said to be shaking Canada to its centre, calmly that he wou!d tak reek to think of the government proposition. He was sure that when a call was make upon them, the Cana- diane would join with us in rallying pre Peg et- they we common count By sending men like calf and Sir C. ot as Governors to Canada, Sir R. Peel had the feelings of the Canadians, and had estab! a stronger connection between England and Canada than could be established by ail our restricted monopolies. He then procceded to justify the resolution. He was convinced that this change in the amount of the duties could never have been made at atime more favorable to the Canadas then the present; for their timber was in such demand, for railway purposes, both in England and on the continent of Europe, as to render them careless of any monopoly. He implored the house to recollect that every man’s jdwelling in the Unit- x mm would be aflected by this resolution. then divided, when there ared for the amendment, 109; against it, 232. The reso- lution was, therefore, affirmed by a majority of 123. ‘he orders of the day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned. 4 Inpran Conn.—This article continues to arrive in great quantities in the principal ports of this coun- try, and is already becoming one ot t consump- tion. In Liverpool we have several flour dealers and bakers, who put forth Indian corn, Indian flour, and bread made of Indian flour, as the iment article of sale; and amongst the higher classes of society it isused with English or American flour in making bread. Ata meeting of the Horu- cultural Ssciety, held in London, last week, there was distributed to the members a large quantity of packets of seeds of the early sort of Indian corn, the earliest and most prolific variety, and the most suitable to cultivation in this country; which had been sent over from New York to ascertain whether its growth would not introduce a fresh article of | food here. Mr. Liston, who has long been in a declining state of health, expired on the 22d ult., at half past ten o’clock, at his residence at Hyde Park-comer, n. As a pertormer of comic cl rs, his “place will, perhaps, never be adequately supplied F UP athawn lor poi or vey of pbr ein ft jor the purpose of revising the comme: tari that kingdom, | surrender Canada to the United States until the dis- | me equal to that of | | nations, which | The Oregon Question in England. | Opinion of the Press. . {From the London Times, March 23.} |. Itis undoubtedly a circumstance of considerable importance to our present and future relations with | the United States, that at the very time when a ter- | ritorial controveray has arisen between the two | threatens to disturb the general e of the world, the commercial policy of the | | English and American goveruments is calculated to | enlarge and strengthen those mercantile inte- rests which are common to both countries. We can- not, however, altogether concur in the confident expectations of some. of our correspondents and contemporaries, that the reductions contemplated in the English and American tariffe will at once allay | the irritation or lower the pretensions which have been raised with reference to the Oregon territory. The connexion of the two questions is indirect rather than immediate. Without inconsistency, Mr {Polk might, and in fact did, make the same message which he sent down at the opening of Congress, very warlike in respect to Oregon, and very pacific in respect to tree trade ; and, however decided and enlightened his opinions may be on the subject of revenue duties, we have no reason to suppose that he is not prepared to sacrifice them, in common with all the other blessings of peace, to whathe has declared to be the political and terri- torial intereats of the United States. Mr. Pitt in the earlier and more prosperous years of his administration was a practical free-trader.— | ricans under-rate English telent, English His commercial treaty with France, concluded in 1786, has never been surpasséd by any subsequent conventions of the same kind in the liberality of its provisions. It the peace had lasted twenty years, it would, probably, have established a most powerful, intimate, and beneficial connexion between France and England. But the peace did not last; the po- litical interests of the two countries were still strug- gine for ascendancy in Holland, and when the rench revolution broke out with all its domestic horrors and outrages against foreign nations, Mr. Pitt himself was not restrained by his commercial treaty with France from declaring war on the French Republic. JThe spirit which guides the poli- cy of powertul nations in their political and in their commercial relations, 1s two fold and distinct. The former are not to be dealt with by a bargain, or dis- poged of by a computation of profit and loss. If they were, no war could ever break out in the world, for no war 18 worth what it costs in blood and treasure, least of all such a war as we may have to wage for this territory of Oregon. But we cannot allow our mercantile interests, or even the still dearer interests of the lives and ease of the Queen’s subjects, to de- ter us from the firm: maintenance of our national ree 3 Nor can we suppose that the party in the Uni- ted States, which is contending for the assertion of absolute and complete rights to the Oregon territory, will be more ready than ourselves to chaffer what they-assert to be their own for mere trading advan- ages- The commercial policy of Mr. Polk’s message and the free-trade measures of Sir Robert Peel, have this in common, that they are based on strictly na- tional grounds respectively, without any previous concert or direct connexion with any foreign power. The statesmen who aim at effecting these great re- forms in the commercial system of the world, have certainly fnot} overlooked the inevitable effect their own enlightened views must produce in other countries. But on both sides, the movement has been spontaneous ; and hence on both sides there has been a somewhat exaggerated notion that such vast and unforeseen concessions as these would lead to the ready abandonment or diminution on the part of the other State of the claims to the Oregon terri tory. It isa common opinion in the United States, that when Mr. Walker's tariff bill shall have reduc- ed the import duties of the Union to an average of 20 per cent, England will care very little for the de- fence of her claims beyond the Rocky Mountains ; and it has been constantly remarked on this side of sense of inferiority awakens this antagonistic feel- | img—hurt vanity hates the admission of a known truth. us (with a few glonous excepti Ame- dustry, Englieh enterprise, and Englund’s power. “I like you, but damn your country !” is a common coffee- house palutation. Go down Broadway—eve keeper announces his goods, it possible, with the weds of “* English” as a@ recommendation. Yet the very dealer abuses England, while he is selling its articles. America has been called the land of verbal novelists (to give Highs of fancy a mild name) but it is assuredly a land of boasters. A true Yankee avers that their ships sails faster, their horses run quicker, their men fight harder, their women love truer, their manufactures are better, their commercial schemes more extended, their po- luucabviews more just, and in short that everything thaz in their land can be invented or imagined, fat transcends whatever exits in England. We can al- ford to hear all this—the gasconade hurts us not— we hear itas we patiently listen toa child talking of encountering a vast giant; but what we endure - we must not foster, for the child’s sake. England ie{no blusterer, and certainly never sought to intimi- date America ; but it wil! not do to let her make such “ mighty tall hte as Lord Aberdeen’s speech 18 likely to accelerate. Ail he said—his leaving no stone unturned to promote peace—is in contravention of the Premier’s manly declaration “* We have,” said Sir Robert Peelat the close ot last session—‘* we have rights, and having, are prepared to assert and maintain them.” Has Lord Aberdeen forgotten the cheers which this annunciation ot his (Peel’s) intentions elicited? If so, he is the only man in England who Lord Aberdeen wi for peace ; so do we—so does every sane man in Great Britain—but we would oe ones for and implore it. Admitting that, in anxiety fer the well-being of the whole human race, Lord Aberdeen wishes for peace—he 1s taking the woret possible means to procure it—worse, because impossible; worse still, for that it is abject. To at- tempt, by amploration, to procure peace is to pro- mote war. We have had enough of folly in what seemed like warlike preparations. The Bellerophon is fitted for service in eight and forty hours, to show what England could do; does she not know what shecan do? After playing at soldiers, as it were, she yeturns re infecta, is unrigged, and laid up in ordinary. Must not other nations have imagined we had something serious in view by such marvel- lous celerity ; and could they expect Great Britain would parodise the exploit of that general who marched his troops up the hill, and then marched down again? Are we to emulate the Roman hero who took forth his army to Fight, and employed them to pick up shells upon the shore? The panic that seized all England, when France, on a raft, was to invade us, was ridiculous ; but we did beeper t the job of the martello towers was wicked and absurd, but still a demonstration. We didn’t publicly (oy speech and presa) inform Napoleon that we shouli make every “effort” to concilate him, and trust to avert his wrath. “Come, if you dare !” was Eng- land’s watch-word, not her wor-cry. _ America does not hate us, but nh hates our supe- riority; and there is no utility in giving her, even for a moment, an opportunity of chuckling over our supposed dread of an encounter—for this is the in- terpretation that will bé put upon that timid, weak, and ill-judged oration. How the House had patience {o listen to it, is a matter for amazement. However, n delivered, and cannot be reealled— has been printed, and cannot be suppressed. Al} that can be done now 13 by our actions to prove that the country by no means sanctions the timorous twaddle ot her Secretary for Foreign Affairs. Eng- land does not wish to encronch npon America, but she will not be encroached upon. She wants no more than her right, but that she will have. The contlict—if conflict must come—will be dreadful, but never for a moment doubtful. America will fight bravely, and to the last, but she must yield. e ehall not triumph in the conquest. We must the Atlantic, that when Mr. Polk and his supporters learn the extent of Sir Robert Peel’s plan for the ad- mission of their staple commodit hey will see the folly of risking such national antages for the chances of a most tormidable contest. The alterna- tive of peace and war is at all times the most serious question that can be entertained by a government ; hut the alternative of peace, accompanied by the mu- tual benefits of a trade about to be opened to an un- mourn for the sacrifice of human life, but life itself cannot be put in competition with our children's rights, our nation’s honor. Sream Suir Great Westxex.—We learn by a private communication, dated ‘Liverpool, April 3d,” that the above eteamer would start trom Liver- pool on Saturday 11th April, at the exact moment of 10 o’clock 15 min. A.M. There were already lionted extent, or of war for the possession of such a territory as that of Oregon, renders the contrast of good and evil, and the conflict between national in- terest and national duty, infinitely more forcible and momentous. Neverthelers, although the people of this country have entertained sk, hopes that the policy of Mr. Polk might be sensibly modified by the prospect of free trade with Great Britain, and although we rejoice at the prospect of a simultane- ous abatement of the protective system in the Uni- ted States, no one has ever contended in this coun- try that Mr. Walker’s tariff 18 a reason for us to abandon the banks of the;Columbia, or to lower the moderate and just claims to part of the Oregon ter- ritory which have been constantly upheld by the British government. We are to pay Mr. Polk in kind, and to meet him more half way in his commercial reforms ; but there 18 not a man in our most crowded markets or our busiest ports,who would consent to give in exchange for these advan- tages one tittle of Brittsh honor, or one acre of the rightlul domimions of the British Crown. a a very sensible and pacific speech which was delivered in the Senate of the United States in the course of the recent debate, Mr. Clayton held pre- cisely this language. He strongly deprecated war; he denied the paramount title of the United States to the territory in dispute; he inferred from the total absence of warlike preparation on the part of the American Executive, that no war could be intend- ed by the President ; but he added, that it was a fal- lacy to suppose that commercial advantages, how- ever great, would induce the American people to avert a war, if they were not satisfied with the po- litical proposals made for the settlement of the question. Fi Ia one respect, and that not an unimportant one, the repose. reduction of the protective system inthe United States may have a directly contrary effect to that which has been anticipated by some of the friends of peacein this country. The six New Eng- land States are those in which the general political question of Oregon is viewed with the greatest indifference and moderation. The whole tone of feeling in these States, the ascendancy of the whig party in several of them, their position on the coast, their mercantile interests, and their jealousy of the Weesternand Southern States, make them the best friends and staunchest supporters of peace with Eog- Jand, as far.as Oregon is concerned. But the manu- facturing interest, which is powerful in these States and in no others, has a directly opposite tendency To a large portion of their population the preposal of alow tariff is. a blow so hostile and so‘fatnl, that we shall not be surprised to find some of the organs of public opinion in that part of the Union preferring a war which would shut their ports and secure their home trade, [to a peace which will open the home trade to British competition. Lord George Bentinck and the protectionists|may well bluster, tor war is the strongest of all protective duties; it is pro- hibitive ; and rs pn ago it was not the Dake of Buokin; but Bonaparte who was the farmer's friend. The} prterionies of New England will no doubt be effected by the same false anu perni- cious argument ; and thus the portion of the Ame- nican people ia whom r other circumstances we might have found the most cordial support for mo- derate ahd pacific views, will {n some measure be rendered lesa averse to war by the very considera- tions which reader war more than ever to be depre- cated and avoided by the two nations. This ques- tion of the tariff has already once nearly broken up the Union by the attempted nullification of a system of high duties; it any nowthave a similar effect in another part of the United States by the reduction ot those duties!toa low rate. On this point the in- ieresis of the North and South are irreconcileably opposed ; and from the energy with which it has beea conducted on both sides, we cannot dount that each party 1s prepared to carry on the struggle to the last extremity, So that if Mz, Polk be disposed to plunge the country he governs into war, alter having incited the adventurous passions of the democracy in the West, no more effectual mieans remain to | be tried on New Englandj than that of a reduced | tariff, which may make the war popular among the | manufacturing population, and bring them to the same conclusion by an opposite path, [From the London Sunday Times, March . . * . . 9) Lord Aberdeen concluded by quoting “ the Queen’s speech.” (Her ch !—had he ao hand - i? aoe actually his own worde—“ Ef- fort” ani This oration of the Tuesday—puenle, illogical, and timorous as it was—might @ passed into the puddle of oblivion, with many others from the same source, did not its tendency forbid it. Itis not what the speech will do here, but the effect it will produce there, Jtis read with diegust in England ; ninety-eight berths taken at the date of the letter, and a number of passengers were expected from Paris. Altogether she will have about one hundred and twenty passengers and one hundred and fifty tons of goods. It was the intention of Captain Mat- thew’s to take a southerly route to avoid the ice, which abounds at thia season of the year in the nor- therly latitudes. The Captain calculated upon arri- ving about the 26th inst. Great improvements had been made on board, both in the engines as well as in the steward’s and Cook’s department, addi much to the speed, safety, and comfort of the vessel. _ Sram Sur Great Brrram.—This huge leviathan is at presentin the Queen’s Graving “k, where she may be seen in ali her gigantic proportions. She has been placed on the graving blocks for the pul of cleaning her 8 below the water-line, and also effecting several alterations and repairs. It hasbeen found necessary to remove the whole of the old screw from the end of the propeller shaft, to be replaced with a new one. We some time ago that stays should be passed from one flange to the other on the extreme outer edge of the new flanges ; this would give great stre: to the acrew, and offer very slight resistance in the water. To make this vessel as complete as possible, no ex- nse has been spared during the time she has been jaid up ; her masta and rigging have undergone ex- tensive alterations. This looks as if the directors intended to trust more to her proved superior sailing qualities ; and they show their wisdom in thus fitting the Great Britain for any unforseen casualty that may hapen to her machinery, as the screw ap- ratua is not perfect. It appears that the boat, Ffom her buoyancy, rolls considerably; and to pre- vent this, two bends are to be attached below her water line, one on each side, 110 feet in length, two teet deep against the side of the boat, and projecting twoteet. This will give a horizontal resistance to the water equal to about 410 square feet, and by so much vertical resistance prevent rolling ; but, at the same time there will be near 1,000 square feet of re- sistance to her passing through the water, and this consequently must prevent her making same headway as before—probably to the extent of two knots per hour, or more. In looking round and un- der the colossal specimen of iron ship-bui we could not but admire the perfection of workmanship in every part ; all is close, smooth, tight, and perfect so far as material and labor can make it so ; faults in design there may be ; imperfection more or less attaches to all of man ; but the imperfections in tha Great Britain do, not workmansinp be- the stowed upon her. We believe she will be found to prove as stout, safe, and as seaworthy a craft as ever crossed the Atlantic.—Liverpool 5 Tue Fang intAnatoita.—Extract of a letter dated “Smyrna, March 7, 1846.—An extraordinary thing has be care here. Manna, of a glutinous substance, of which they make bread, has fallen in immense quantities in a large “district of Anatoli where the people were ving previ y endeavor to send you a fe; it is ing pub- licly ia this district at about 17s. per quarter. f worth 18,000,000!" The large central is eatimated at 1,000,000. This diadem is to be pre- sented to the bride by her imperial father. France. [From the European Times, April 4.) Panre, March 80.—Since my last little has been said in the press about Américan affairs, and nothing at all in the legislature. This must me however, be ascribed to any sudden indiflerence the public to what is pessing im the United -Sta'es, for the interest felt therein is as greet as ever it was. But the troth is, that the intelligence we have re- ceived during the month, though of a very im- portant character, has not been very exciting. Tho voting of a resolution by the House of Representa- tives to put an end to the Oregon treaty, was clearly foreseen ; the delight of the American ion at Sir Kobert Peel's tree-trade measure was expected; and the refusal of Mr. Polk to submit the question to arbitration did not cause surprise. ‘Chere has, coneeqnently, been litle tor the news- papers to coment upon, and nothing for peers or deputies to talk nbout. _ the Oregon question, 1 ean only repeat what was stated in previous letters 2s to the manner ia which it is viewed in this country. It may confi- dently be stated that tne majority of the é the press, and the country, teel Mr. Polk bas t himeelf and his nation in @ falee position — When T say “country,” Ldo mot mean the gentle- men in big bearde and with dirty pipes, who vapour about politics ia estaminels ;_ nor do I mean the blustering radicals, tho make up in swag nny eat ey want ie sense. But I call the coun: | it will be read with triumph in America. Unr trane- | Atlantic brethren—and we call them brethren from | our hearte—are like all young communities they | are the very last persons on earth to whom it is sefe | or proper to make concessions. They are apt to at- | believe ; but has any one ever travelled through ‘hat ighty land without finding them catching at an) | and every cppastonity to befits and malignus t r4 ry f sense and intelligence—the men who fee eamething to lose—the men who support the veniens of tea en noes tizenehip, wi in Preach nation, The maj of these men, and the majority of their A espe don iene ar, ant 4 rat calamity. They abhor d indeed, think there will be war, they feel that it will not be to Mr. Polk and his adviser