The New York Herald Newspaper, December 29, 1845, Page 2

WW YORK HERALD. New York, Monday, Dece Kaportant News from St. gress of General Annexatto The news which we have received here, during the last two days, by two vessels from different ports of the Island of San Domingo, of Hayti, in the West ladies, be found in this day’s paper, is of the highest importance to this country and to the world—nay, even to the course and pro- vf republican government in this hemisphere, which wi g for ull time to come. Throngh the energy and industry of a special agent and correspondent, whom we gent to San Do- last autumn, we have received, exclusively, wveral documents and diplomatic corres- pond: which have already passed between the government of the United States and that of San Domingo, preparing the way for the great measure of | nition of the latter republic by the former, to the same policy or plan, which was pur- sued towards Texas, and which has, in a few years, terminated in the absorption or annexation of the lat- terintothis great republic of the North. These docu- m st of a memorial presented to the United | States ¢ rnment at Washington, by the agent of San Domingo, about a year ago, together with copies ng letters, written by certain public functionaries of that island, and addressed, during the last summer, to Mr. Hogan, the agent of the United States, then in San Domingo, to which island e war sent by Mr, Calhoun, then Secretary of State, in order to investigate the resources, and av- certain the disposition and capabilities of that new republic in the West ndies. Thus far, the movement has been highly prosper- ous and successful. The war between San Domin- go and Hayti, is rapidly coming to an end, and it is highly probable that the bleck and bloody republic will be overcome by the white and more civilized races of the other. As soon as that point shall have been accomplished, there will come other move- ments, leading to the natural termination of the ne- gotiations already begun so auspicuously by the United States It willbe perceived that the diplomatic corres” pondence which we give, only comes up to the peri »d at which Mr. Hogan, the United States agent, left San Domingo. The report which Mr. Hogan has already madg tothe Secretary of State at Wash- ington, or the action of our government on that in- formation, we can only as yet conjecture. One pregnant fact ought to be noticed here—these diplo- | matic movements, of such mighty interest to the destiny of the West indies, and to the cause of ge- neral annexation, were not alluded to in the slight- est degree, in the recent message of Mr. Polk. How tar, therefore,’ the present administration may be carrying out this magnificent policy, so auspiciously | begun under Mr. Calhoun, we can only conjecture. We have no doubt, however, but Mr Polk will per- form his duty to his country—to his age—to his des- | tiny—and to the great principles of republican pro- gress, which he has so auspiciously begun in the annexation of Texas. Thus it will be seen, that the United States» favored by God and nature, is surely marching, with astep as regular as the eternal laws of nature, to accomplish that great destiny which is allotted to | her to fulfil—that ia, the union and incorporation, in one great and mighty republic, in one wonderful | confederacy of regular democracies, the whole of | the continent of North America, with the islands thereunto naturally belonging. In Cuba, in Mexico, nay, even in Canada, the spirit has been awakened that will, in the course of a few years, lead to the re- alization of great events and a mighty destiny. The between England and the United States, respecting the 49h parallel in the Oregon ‘Lerntory, 1s a mere bagatelle compared with movements con- templated and begun in reference to other portions of this northern hemisphere, not yet united to thie ublic. Our government might, to-morrow, free- ttle thet question by giving England all she asks in Oregon—for in less than @ quarter of « cenutry, all Oregon will, like a mipe peach, fall into the lap of tne United States, along with oiler territories to which it may be attached — The deplorable want of all prosperity, peace and stable government in San Domingo, in Mexico and in the contiguous territories, will only hasten these coming events that already cast their shadows over the present and the future, and make the monar- chies of Europe look pale with fear. The next news from San Domingo will be highly important, and we are assured by our special agent and correspondent, now in that island, that there is every probability of its being decisive of great events ieving also that great movements are matur- ing, both in Cuba and in Mexico, we have also de- spatched special correspondents to both these coun- tries, and we expect by every arrival despatches of great importance, even in advance of our own go- verninent at Washington. ming copies nis ¢ Potice Rerorm.—We have alluded to the mock justice brokers on the steps of the Tombs. Our in- dolent Common Council have thought proper to keep huddled together clerks and justices, which resemble a number of old starved hens, flocked to- gether under a barn floor, pecking at each other for the grains of corn that accidentally fall through the cracks. Tn the first place, there are four clerks, at a salary of $1,000 per year each, and three Magistrates, at $1,600 per year each—making in all $8,800 yearly, paid to these men, which ought to be doubled to each man—$2,000 to each clerk, and $3,000 to each justice—provided they attend to the legitimate work, and take care of the public interests. This, you will perceive, is retrenchment, with proper de- corum and decency. Why don’t the Common Council break up the out-door police business, in connection with an “individual,” who has fairly got some functionaries under his thumb, like Paddy’s flea. All business of 4 money-makiag nature is handed over to this “individual,” to be done up oa the true “principles” of you “ tickle me, and J’ll tickle you.” Have we any Police and Prison Committee ? or, is it only a farce % We sincerely hope the Mayor will make some move in this matter, for if we wait until the alder- men move in city reform, (who have their own in- terests to look after) we may wait until the day of udgment Imvortanr CuaNGk IN THE Law or Lise..— ‘The Court of Errors, last week, reversed one of the first decisions of the Supreme Court, in the notori- ous case of Fennimore Cooper against Mrs. Stone, the relict of the late Colonel and editor. ‘The precise point of law reversed, we know not yet—but we take it to be pretty broad and long. The law of libel, as it stood, was pretty fair—the cause of the complaint arose from the utter ignorance and indolence of the lawyers who managed cases. No one ever got the better of us ina libel suit—and we have already used up two judges, and four lawyers, who attempted to annoy us, besides barbers, button- makers, block-heads, and discarded waiters, with- cutnumber. One of these bringers on of libel suits wot himself indicted, and was driven out of the city | ~and another is now in the jaws of an indictment for perjury . Law is « game that two can play at. —___ Apvick To Rours axp Sproviatons.—Si Srrom —Stocks will probably fall nearly all the month of January. Money will be scarce—and the panic may inotease, Rogue k out. ‘ ce, Texas Exxction.—The election in Texas for Governor, Lieut. Governor, and members to the State Legislature, took place on the Wth inst. The next accounts will give us the result ‘Tor Lerrer Wrirers.—The Washington jeter writers, during a week past, have been innocently ambugging the country on the Oregon negotiation. —$$ Bank War.—The bank war against the locof : focos ‘wi | begin to be pretty fierce next month | important issue in our relations with Europe, « | priest. Both of these parishes are without -cu- | because of the scarcity pyrene. a city of Bayagnana, with its curate living in the of Monto Plata, a church with its curate, Highly Important from Hayti. | amount of "niahogeny, and The barque Heela, Capt. Hoyt, from Port au | tobacco. Prince, and brig Clara, ot. Lake, from Porto de | 16, A suficlent supply of suger ie made for the pacgle, eburch. 4. In the cit ningo, i illage curate, who is, for | the present, provincial, because his parish is now occu- pied in repairing the damage caused in that church, by the earthquake of 1842. : 12, Halt a league from the capital, is another village, | witha curate church, destroyed—no priest—called the ' Church of St. Lorenz f and an equal Portion for transportation. ie ine fi é 5 5 | _ 20: The principal articles of export are mahogany, lig- Plata, with advices from each place to the Gth inst.) |, vitm Hogwand, tobscce in leat, and cigete; cette, | anda league from there : have arrived in the last two days. hides, yellow and white was, gum guiacum, honey’ Achureh, very handsome, in the village of Boy: The intelligence received by them from our cor- | 8» wood for building. “a | connexion with the order of our Lady of the sages | 21, St. Domingo is surrounded by walls and fortifica- ssed Wator, ; respondents at St, Domingo City and Port au | tions, with the requisite artillery, as well as the city of | 6. ‘The town of Higney, with its church, very hand- Prince, is of a very interesting.and important cha- Santiago. ‘The cities of Puerto Plata are also fortified | some, much frequented by travellers, under the particu- suticiently, The cities of Azua are in progress, ani | lay protection of our Lady of Grace, to whom all unhap- racter. fortifications are being made at other poiats on the fron- | py persons can pray, Z I: appears by what we learn from Capt. Lake, | tier, towards the enomy. At all passages betweenthe | 7. The city of the Holy Cee of Sazho. wits 5 slaty ss fh s : “ “ - Ke. ce wii i . Thi as 16,! 6 of the Clare; thatextensive ‘nreparisiogs contiousd nas #, troops in gudicient force will be kept to aid church and its curate. This town hi to be made by both Haytiens and Dominicans fora | 22. The Repubiic has plenty of cannon aad ammuni- | $. A country seat with» church and a curate, dedica- Fj y ct. 7 > ”, F: tion, and other articles of war, with an arsenal well | ted to the Lady of Mercede. final conflict.(.Jt ‘was the opinion of the Captain | provided with materiel; 16,000 men are eupable of 9, St Joseph of Learnos, with its curate and church, that a battle would soon be fought that would be | ing arms, one-half of whom are now on duty. decisive in its results, Either the black or white | #lse four armed vessels,viz: one brig and three schooners, race must soon rule the island of Hayti. It is' 23. The revenue from imposts, &c. is sufficient to cover ; b the expenses, which must increase when the govern- impossible for both races to govern the eame place. | Te,1'Duts the mines in operation, and after the cessation This aspect of affairs assumes an additional im- of hostilities. portance from the fact that thereislikely to be some _ 24. The population ix over 200,000, half of which are : ~ | white, who hold the genoral administration, and two- trouble between the Haytiens and the French, for thirds'of the other hall are mulatt great portion of an indignity offered to a commercial agent of the Whom are landed proprietors or old mechanics ; are well | 18. St. Christophe, witha splendid church, and a reg- la disposed and fond of order aud subordination; the remain- | ular curat cher. der are negroes, most of whom are free born. Slavery | 14. Bani, with its church and its curate—a person who Of all the intelligence, however, that we have re- has been for ever abolished in the Republic, | 26. The governm anxious to encourage foreign ceived by these arrivals, perhaps the most important — y¢riculruriats, in order to increase the white population and exciting is that relative te the Dominicans and | aud give ipreaiar seoneiiy thud augmenting and attract Inited S i inz trade, commerce, and to advance public instruction the United States, which has reached us from our ie "With this view, he government has re-cslled all attentive correspondents. This intelligence is not the white Dominicans who emigrated in 1822. Those only important as to whether or not the black or persons, ulso, who left property, and which the Haytien | : government had not confiscated; this§ will be restored, white race shall rule over the destinies of Hayti, but as affecting our own relations with France, and without regard to the sequestration in favor of the State, perhaps with other powers in Europe has been very badly treated 15. The town of Compostela, of Agua, with its church and curate—put in order in the month of May last. 16. Neyba, with its church and curate. 17, 3t. Johu’s—a curate. 18. Banna, another small village, fronting a church, newly repaired by the people 19. The town of Cotuy, with its curate—the church | that was injured by the earthquak: ig repaired. 20, St. Francis, of Magous, with its church and curate. 21, The City of Conception, with its curate—out of repair, on account of damages received from the earth quake. A quarter ofa leagne from this place. ious mount, named the Vega, in which church is to be avon the aperture where the admiral, Chiistopher Co- lumbus, first planted tho Holy Cross, This church has suffered much from the earthquake, but the people in the neighborhood have always supplied some means for its benefit and support. 2. The City of Santiago and its churches are destroy- ed—bu es there is a population of more thar 18,000 uls, and where the people are great cultivators of to- bacco, and raisers of cattie—consequently rica they in- tend to erect a parish church, behind the two convents that were known as the large convent and the little con- vent. 28. The city of St. Philip, of Porto Plata, with its cu- rate, a very regular person—handsome church and rich- ly endowed ; two leagues from them a nunnery called Altamara—lastly Dayabon, on the confines of the Hay- tien Government. 24. The city of Atta Cristi, with its curate. 2. In the woods of St. Joseph, there is a station with a curate, and two loagues from that a hermitage. On account of jome of our curates had to vacate thei few churches the clerical service has been contiiued as far as ciroumstan- to the injury of the present heirs. 27. The Dominican government pres city to fulfil the obligations of an inde t nation, as well as the powers to defend its sov ud to enter into relations with other nations that may grant it their sympathy. | 23. Ik presents to the world an exemplary and interest- | ing cuse for contemplation. Its cause is noble, just evi | worthy of the friendship of civilized and Christian ne- tions, ip peed those of the American continent. It is case of humanity in rescuing the oppressed from the tyranny of the Haytiens. Fears are now entertained ot the vengeance of the Haytiens, who count half a million, and whose hatred of the whites is ionite and terrible ; consequently, from their superior numbers and fore if fortune do not continue to favor the Dominicans, terri- ble m es snd confisgrations must ensue, if not | revented by white and civilized na ions. } 29. The fear of another invasion, ought not to prevent | neighboring nations from interfering, to arrest aggres: | sion, and protecting nations uojustly-oppressed; and hu- | manity dictates the preservation of the Dominican State | by other nations, 98 an act sanctioned by philanthropy ts actual capa- Among otfer documents which have been tor- warded to us, are several containing a great many highly interesting facts connected with the mission ot Mr. Hogan to St. Domingo. We publish three or four of these papers, because they bear the marks of authenticity, and will therefore be read with inte- rest. It will be recollected that about a year ago, or more, we mentioned the arrival here of two agents from St. Domingo to our government, rela- tive to the acknowledgment, by the United States, | of the independence of the Dominican Repubhe. The representations of these agents to our govern- ment, induced Mr. Calhoun to despatch Mr. Hogan | to St. Domingo, to examine into the condition and and religion. | resources of that part of Hayti. It is generally 39 The above sketch being true and exact, gives Do- known that Mr. Hogan bus returned home from minicaa right to a place among the family of nations, in his mission, and it is, therefore, likely that he has | lolicitetrom megan ad Cee ee Tron solicits from magnanimous aud Christain nations : from | ces would admit; but now our new situation gives us hope made his report to our government, and that the | the ae De the meric EA to aoe thi i ur socies peticay a irs wi all fe We 5 one > s ; F A it addressed itself in preference, as the founder of | satisfaction ; from all the circumstances that have taken President and his Cabinet are deliberating in the | real liberty in the new world place, notwithstanding, it ia necessary to take such mea- matter, in order to ascertain the best course to pursue, 81. Upon the recognition of her independence, the not to expose the faithful to the want of spiritu- algacaet : Republic of Dominica would be respected, and the vigor | al assistance, or at least, that they should enjoy the be- We give three of the documents which we have and force of its institutions increased. | nefits of their religion in security. received. _, 32. This recognition may bo resolved affirmatively, as | As regards the number of the assistants of the Church, we a * a A it involves no iesponsibility, like those of other States | it is needless for me to inform you, as you have been an The first is an abstract of a statement made by | which have hitherto presented themselves for recogni- | eye witness to the solemnity of this day, for the Church the Dominican agent to our government; the second | tion in this hemisphere—because the political existence | has been three years repairing from the ravages of the is a sketch of the Dominican Republic, written by | 2{,the Haytien Republic bas never been recogmzed by | earthquake, and only now, have we been able to o is a sketch of the Yominican Kepudie, written DY the United States, as it never had legitimate dominion | divine service init. The religious demeanor and piety a highly intelligent Dominican to Mr. Hogan, after | over the Spanish portion of the island. | of the public has not diminished in the least on account his arrival at St. Domingo; and the third isa brief, ..23: Te Republic of Dominica should not be left in | of this, aud the concourse at church was so great that Is nlev ajo ste tea Sed ; ‘ | Worse condition than other Republics onthe Southern | room was wanted for even those who were in atten- history of Hayti, sent to Mr. Hogan by amember of | continent of America, whose independence has been | dance in the church during divine sorvice. Yet their zeal the Haytien Legislature, recognized. (Signed) | for religion was the same. ie ‘ ced DOCTOR J. M. CARNIVERES. ‘The people of the Island are generally religiously in- Taken in all points of view, these papers open an pis aaa : clined; such is their character, and Y am con- An Abstract of a Note from Dr. Carniveres, the Political | yinced that for the sake of their religion they would - ss x sigent of St. Domingo. | shed their blood. And thus you see that our with the affairs of the republies end nations on this. How. Sonn 6. Can Watinevo™s Jan. 26, 1848, | sEtalmmae teea ike cavenbolice, tke Holy” ross t. The island of Haytii i 0: FEE DOK. VON YU ADROUN), | on it,askbeing in accordance with the wish of the ee oe Oh EY Gh ees ELIS Secretary of State— Lee aU Tie neler af pavetumeurs eWharersrttsmeetled of in the Atlantic, and its value is considered 1, An addenda to his note of the 8th inst. to show that forthe churches has been, until now, furnished by do- the union of the Spanish part, in 182 not yoluntarily, but forcily produced. Tay 2. The Spanish part of the Island remained under the | ony government of Spain until the 30th Nov. 1821, on the night of which Dr. Jose Nunez de Cazeus, Lieutenant | Governor, raised the standard of independence in St. with Hayti, was | notions from the people, and not paid for through a regu- salary, As far as regards the number of schools tor ‘outh, and the established system of education, as well aa the stimulus which the government offers, Ican imestimable to France. Since the loss of that island to the French, they have been devising means for its recovery. It was « colony to them too valuable to lose ; and we are constantly hearing ast, which ordains that in every province there of its probable re-occupancy by France. Commer- Deming. daya attarsvarast’D eipailleis Geasdeliben Fas shall be two primary schools,ar d ene in eich district, with cial agents of that nation have, for some | cual Real, together with his officers, embarked for One ae sees neni eee tones | time, been residing in different parts of the | Spain, Porto Rico and Cuba. | teachers and scholars, without its being any detriment 4, The appellation of Spanish Hayti, coinciding with that of the Republic of Hayti, contributed to restrain and affairs; | prevent the co-operation of a part of the inhabitants oc- cupying the French pprt. Tho political change had not been communicated to them precisely, 0 that tho opular mind was not inade up on the question; and inn | ew days after, different views and opposition manifested | itselt in two or three places on the north side, which was fomented by European Spaniards, inimical to American | the charge ofthe government; aad now there are several liberty, hoisting the flag of the Republic of Hayti at youths reading acourse of philosophy, and there are Monti Cristi and Santiago, and entering into relations | jeyeral schools supported by the ladies, where the chil- with tho chiefs ofthat Republic. | dren receive the most affectionate attention. island; and one has lately been severely flogged by the Haytiens for meddling in their and this may afford a pretext for France to strike a blow, which may at once be subversive of the Hay- tien Republic. Of this, however, we shall see. It will, perhaps, be proper tor the United States to be a sort of protector to one portion at least of that Island, in order to preserve our own balance to the re-establishment of our University ; the rulos and arrangements of which schools are such es to promote the advance of literature ; being in the hands of compe- petent and trusty porsons, they are, at the same time articular in wot neglecting their religious instruction that even before the law passed, our youth never wanted of power on this continent. The mission of, % Peo Tres tea i avuues in ppceniter ecm an eae Under the Haytien government, the spirit of religion 2 ve he declaration of independence to Boyer, and made over- t —notwi ling, th item of Mr. Hogan may exhibit the resources of the / tures to him for a treaty of alliance, offeasive and defea- | Cuumot, be, Put down notwithstanding, the system indifference and opposition of the government has prevailed to a great extent, allowing religion to hold its sway, on account. of political uotions, without giving it, thet, fostering cure it | ne- cessarily needed. ‘The churches that might have been repaired, were, during the revolution, com lctely destroyed, that the Governors might make use of the re- mains of those buildings for themselves; and nothing was ' : By done to stop this outrage and forward the re-establish- 2 this state of things all the civil and military autho. | ment of divine worship; but on the contrary, to throw tities were convened in council at St. Domingo, who, doubts on the fact that all our orders emanated from the portance that it would not otherwise have. It isex- dreeding Boyer’s vengeance, agreed against tueircon- | Seq of Rome. It appears that the intention was to let sent to submityto the unpropitious union, thus forced the religion goto decay, and that the Spanish part of this pected, too, that if the Dominicans succeed in their | upon them. The Haytien flag was accordingly raised.and | jland- ckowld'see ites? ir the cave SEyenea wate as present war against the Haytiens, the whole island pep ae made epee gees - Domingo, on the 12th that of the Haytien part, to have missionaries and other will pass into the hands of the white races, and Oi Uebruary, 1822, at the head of more than ten thousand | persons, incompetent and without regular orders, and . i . ve if 0 inter- become one great Republic—the Island Republic, *.'On the following day he caused his constitution to | fore with tne cred functious ofou religion, 5 = e proclaimed, which had existed since 1816, for the vith thi out i ion with re- of the world. =a French part only, He abolished stavery, ond on his de With this I trust [ have given you information with re. It is necessary, in this view of the news which we have received by the above mentioned arrivals, gard to the Haytien people, who have all felt the wi | of having religion in its purity, and its pastors to be again for our government to act decisively in the matter: It necessary for us to prevent any inter- respectable. On the other part are the African part of the inhabitants, whose religion consists of no hing but superstitious rites, with some exterior forms of our di- ference on the part of France, or any European na- tion, in the affairs of Hayti, as in the case of the Argentine Republic. There is no time to lose. vine worship. Such, at Jeast, is the opinion that I have been able to form frommy knowledge of all these cir- An Abstract of a Memeir delivered to the Secretary of State of the United States, by the political Agent of the cumstances, which have, unfortunately, distr for twenty-two years. With this | trast T ha Spanish part of St. Domingo, called the Dominican Re- pub Dominican Republic in such a strong and fa- voreble light to our government, as to lead to its re- ie cognition of the independence of Hayti; and if we be the first in this recognition, that Republic will, of course, apart from her republican feelings and im- pulses, seek our protection in preference to that ot any other nation. This gives the whole matter an im- , and the appointment of commissioners to settle the ‘oper stipulations. Boyer refused to secede, but mere- styled Nunez, in 1822, political chief of the Spanish portion of the Haytien Republic, inviting him to hoist the Hay tien fleg, with threats in case of refusal, 6. This answer demonstrated to Nunez, how far his pes had been disappointed, and caused the utmost con- rnation in the public mind. parture left Haytien laws and institutions, entirely differ- ent in character and customs from those of the Spaniards, for which reason the two nations could never ve united, as shown by posterior acts, and by the general epirit with which all classes have fought for the expulsion of the Haytiens forever trom the Dominican territory. 9. The mulattces and samboes aro all natives of same Spanish and Dominican soil, and not of th: French par that they have alw been in contact with the whites; and in the observance of the principles of religion and morality, to which they are accustomed from their im fancy, according to the old laws of Spain; and in the course of operation to throw off the yoke of the Haytiens, and in the actions and combate, they have always taken the same resolution, end displayed the same spirit and intent to repel them. All the republics of tho south con- tain aumbers of this class. your desire, in ‘answering you all things that laid in my power to inform you on. And, with sentiments of the highest and distinguished consideration, I remain, Your most ob’t servant, DON TOMAS DE PORTUS. Wasuinoton, Jan. §, 1845. To tae Hos. Joun C. Carnoun, Secretary of State of the United Sti 1, A compliance with the wishes of the United States agent, for information respecting the Republic of Do- minica. 2. The former Spanish part of St Domingo remained under the dominion of Spain until 1 Haytien Legislature, to John Hogan, Esy. Br. Dostinao, June 25, 1845, My Dear Sim :—I have received with pleasure your letter of the 20th inst. I must first thank you tor your confidence and your repeated maras of politenosa and courtesy, and congratulate you upon your sal ival 8r. Dominco, June 15, 1845. Joun Hocan, Esq., Commissioner of the United States, near thia Republic, Sin—I have to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 13th instant, requesting information on the actual through political 8t, Domingo, npon your noble and distinguished man- changes and factions, was united to Hayti de facto, state of ecclesiastical affairs, churche: the re ae a your daeitayeraly) Peciprecatadotrequiring all which then occupied the western part of the island. | ligious education of our community, Circum- | the informatian concerning the Island of Hayti, neces- 3. After twenty years suffering in that connection, the stances regarding the same, of our Island; asalso to an- Spanish pert took occasion on the 27th February, 1844, ing the i i ing the t stloalar interest that the Right Reverend | ete Vite ends ee CPinion concerning the two parts of this Island. When Boyer-fell, to raise the standard ot independence, bishop of New York feels on our account, and because |" In regard to the ancient French part, now the Haytien and taking possession of the and fortified places, we wish to show the people of the United States all cir- Ropublie you wiidross me many questions Which reduce on the 28th. effecte \ the capitulation of the General com. themselves to three. eby they may form an opinion upon the state of our religion and morality inthis Island. The Arrangement of this Diocese 1s embodied in the office of accurate General, with immediate orders in his posses- sion from his holiness the Pope of Rome, the functions of which office have devolved on myself, with all its wers; and in case of the absence of the Archbishop, I ave the power of granting and giving the sacrament of confirmation. The executive department of my country manding the district and the Haytien forces, who, a few cays afterwards, failed for Port an Prince 4. A new Dominican flag was raised, and a provisional government was formed in the capital, under the name of Central Junta of Government, composed of eleven persons from the various districts, whose authority was recognised by the other cities. | 5. The Dominican territory was then invaded through Ist. What ia the political and moral condition of that portion of the Island ? 24. What is the nature of its constitation, laws, and how are they administered ? 8d. What is the condition of the people, of the man- ners and ci rights and privileges of each cla or race of people ? the west, by the Haytien army of more than 10,000, had the intention of having conferred on me the h f ‘o comply with your wishes, I will endeavor to give | ander General Revie Herard, who eigen at kaue! | Archbishop of the Irland’ bat ference, me,the Honor Of a fall details as will comport with « simple correspon: Whero was posted the aivanced guard of the Domini- ed the receiving of it, principally becwuse it was, in an | Jence. Having sppertained to France ior » long umo, under General Pedro Santaria, consisting of 3.000 eeclesiastical point of view, avery responsible office to | the Republic of Hayti peopled with individuals who three cannons. ‘ins of the coloni 1 manners of e that before the declaration rly forty-f | have preserved thi You The battle began on the Iyth hold; and notwithstanding that our President wrote to of March, when the Dominicans gained the victory with | his Holiness the Pope, requiring that favor to be confer- only two killed and three wounded, while more than red onme ;I a@ second time refused the offer, and pre- 1,060 Haytiens lay dead on the field sented in form to the Holy See the fact of my incapacity, 6. The Dominicans then took up their head quarters connected with my age, that being now sixty-eight at the River Ocsa, and the valleys of Bain, where their years. ‘The constitution establishes that in accordance cavalry and lancers opersted io restrain the march of With the Wieh of the Diocese, the President can demand the aggressors, who could not advance beyond Arica, from the Holy See the favor of representation for all the ard having then attempted toopen a way, were encoun- prebends throughout the territory, and to negotiate and te d driven beck with great establish @ concordat, leaving in the interim tho privilege 7. The other Haytien army in the noith, under Gi to decide ecclesiastical questions to the canons, and they ral Pierrot, on the 34 of March, near the cit ntiago to receive the ultmate decisions of questions from the de los Cabelleros, wero also repulsed with foss as great Holy See, under whose orders they act Ayna, while only one ounded on the Domi- | The Spanish part of this Island, which now forms this nican side. They left the field next day, and were har. new Republic, wasalwoys under the jurisdiction of un rai # with additional loss. The army Archbisboprick, because that the spiritual wants of our at Azua retreated to Port au Rico, and burned every people needed but one, and viewing the fact, as it at pre- house in their way, and all those at Ayna. Since that *ent eppears to me, that we do not need any more new time no further oggressons have been committed. appointments of Bishops. Nevertheless, that the Consti- the period. of our ind inhabitants—whites, muluttoes and slaves. Those last were in astate of complete Helotism. Th» second, «1- though possessing the third of the frontier property of the colony, and having ® great number of slaves, had i vain demanded equality of political rights. Exposed to continued insult and humiliation, they wero excluded from all public employs, nor could they exercise any liberal profession. But some of them having been edu- cated in Europe, acquired with the ideas of liberty, a perception of their condition. Many returned and re claimed from the proud co onists equalit, of political rights accorded by the decree of the mother country — but they were the victims of theirc urage. They never consented to this equality, aud i: is this that has been the cause of the revolution in St. Domingo. 8. The Hay having been driven off, the liberty tution leaves open the having of more than one Bishop ‘The whites of the French part were so jealous of their | and independence of ithe Dominica: jered rick op tho Island, in the same way as the canona and | pre-eminence, ao proud, #0 fuil of prejudices as established d+ facto, and the junta of Go. | prebends of the Cathedral can be at any time re-elect- ware divided into two classes-the great plant ed, but who at present do not exist, a4 1am the only one out of fourteen who still holds the functions of aitico; and now so faras | bave written, trust { have satisfied mingo. The great planters contemned the common peo- the demand of your esteemed letter. ple who exercised the mechanic arte, or sere petty Annexed you will find a list of our Churches and their dealers; these contomned tie mulattoes, and these jst po ; the slivea. These contnmolies, these prejudices, and there vexations led to that bloody strite, im which the vohappy colonists wers the vicums, ‘The mulattoes, in breaking the chains of the slaves,and giving them li- berty, suddenly dazzled them. Disastrous results could not but flow from this sudden transition. Figure to your. self men habituated for centuries, undor the iron rod of vernment then engaged in calling on the people to elect deputies, and form onstitutional Congress. On the 6th of November last, fundamental laws were decread, which consecrated those social principles which secure liberty, property, equality, and the admission of foreign- era to civil and political rights. ore :— 9. On the formation of the social compact, inthe same —}. The principal Church with two curates. month of November, Senor Hon Pedro Santana was in- 2. The adjuda parish Church, named St. Michael's— stalled President of the Republic, with four Secretaries Without a priest. of State, viz: Don Thomas Bobadilla, Foreign Relations 3. The adjuda perish Church, named St. Andrew,— and Justice; Don Manual Cabral Bernal, of the Intorior Without a prieat or aasistant, and Police; Don Ricardo Miura, of Finance and Com- The Dominican Church. . The Church of the 34 Order. the common people. A spirit of egotixm, of p of vanity reigned in oll these classes of society in St. Do- merce, and General Don Manuel! Gimenes, of War and 6 1 cruel and wicked masters, who unexpectedly found | Marine. 6, The Church of our Lady of Mercy. themselves called upon to oxercise in a State new em- 10. The Loe edldinas elected members of the Senate, 7: Sd Order. 4 ployments of high importance. These men having ne- | and House of Representatives. 8, The Church of St. Francis, with the 3d order. rily sucked in, if | may so speak, the prejudices and 11. All the public functionaries are elected for a fixed | 9. Destroyed by the Hay iens. ices of their masters, would, unfit as they were, ape period. 10, A Church with the Military Hospitel, and succor | these last, or avenge themselves of the vexatiens they 12, All persons who own property, or are licensed to | for the poor. hadveuffered; and'this was the result, under the reign of | carry on some industrial purcuit or profession ofthe arts | 11. The Chapel of our Lady of Grace, | that barbarian, Dessalines, the black general, which the and sciences, and the officers of the army and navy, are 12. The Hospital of St. Lazarus, with its Church. | revolution of 1804 had placed at the head of public entitled to vote, 18, These persons have only a direct vote in their own | periodical electors; who constitute an electoral college | 14 atthe chief places of each province, slect the exsemtige | od power. In case of no majority, Congress elects the 16. The Convent ef the Queen of Angels, with the Haytiens | pluce provisionally. The mulattoes, executive pow did church kept in order by rofess nun, 14. The Governors of each province are appointed for irs, and one who did not prot is cm four years by the Executive, iturbed the place, after she had taken 11 months in- gtinary instincts of this general, convoked the elector:1 15. The Dominican territory comprehends two-thirds | *tructions of her novitiate; but! wrote to his Holiness | celleges, which named leputies to frame a republean of the island, extending from Lasebon, on Massacre | the Pope, aud begged that she with six chosen females, Constitution. ‘This was adopted at the enu of 1 Abo- river on the north, to the river Pedernales on the south, | Might, as they were duly prepared, profoss, if his Holi- | lition of slavery, personal liberty and freedom of the both falling into the see; the latter tothe wind | ness would dispense them of the rest of their time. | | dhe A in the administration of justice, inviolabi- (west) ot Beate Island. 17, The Church ofonr Lady of Carmel. ity of property, all the rights of man and of citizens were 18, The Church of the Apostle St. Andrew. 14. Chapel of our Lidy of Help. . The Convent of St. Clara, which haa been destro | faire. Incited by the mulatoes, Di chiefe of his class ruthlessly mu: whites found in Hayti Dessal, and the other wished the mulato generals, aCe 16. The country fertile in the produetions of the West) 18. At the borders of our city, near the fountain of St. | guaranteed by it. The whites were excluded fro Indies, and in copper, gold, iren, and coal. Two great there is achurch that wu the Provincial Church, | civil and political rights, except a ver ime bays, which formidable squadrons can enter, and anchor | destroyed by the esrthquake. who hed, notwit Lon ‘Dossalinen, o in security, viz, Bay of Peninsuli itting the wi 17. The princ mingo, Puerta the Bay of Oc | 19. Another p | Barbera. 20. Another chure! sioned by the es Ung ny. a as ish church, called the Church of St. | 8nd exercised public employments. All blacks, either from Africa or from the colonies, all Indians, all mulal 's walls standing, ooca- toes from foreign countries, enjoyed, upon their arrivi thquake, calfed the Church of St. An- | in the country, the sume civil rights as native Haytiens, | but could not become citizens until efter a year’s resi- uf de cated and places of trade are St. Do- lata, Azua, Samana, and Monto Christa, nee Towns and Villages in the Dominican R . | dence. The government, based upon the principle of 16, A cotmtit eusé te heer j 5 gee in the Dominican Republic i 4 eclent, aa tnd Curacoa, the Ualted. hate, bees bevratg sn) Nrmte there's w chanel without « fh marae the President ha teareely cy Png. Germany, y » 6 i any, whither is transported a large 2. In Se 5 the another ohareh without a ing C ogee rainet Seenenon Gu tae had the fa- | give you an iden of it by the law jared on the 13th of | Muy but it gives me much pleasure to state, nevertheless, | for instruction in the private,schools, as well a3 those at | = Copy of a Letier from Dr. John H. Frenel, Member of gre | oms, of religion, social condition, of the | red nearly all the | Tength to the north from the republic, and established a monarchy which existed fourteen Pe , and during which time, he massacred pitilestly the mulattoes of the north, and all who were opposed to his system. Notwith: ing, he was a good administrator of the laws, the country prospered, the cultivators labored, and the treasury pos- feared immenae sums of money. Potion, in the west, followed #no\er system. Although extremely ambitious ; although be rid Limself secretly of sll bis rivals, he showed himself a republi pa to the blacks aud mulattoes large conce: | land. | He encouraged commerce with all nations, favor- | ed industry, but authorized license and insubordination, ‘Che puwber of his partizans augmented considerably — he particularly{avored commerce with the British is im reducing the ratea of duty to. 5 per cent inf English merchandize, whilst all other nations pai cent, because the cabinet of ‘St. James had in some sort acknowledged, in an implied manner, the independence of Hayti, in permitting in 1808 relations between English subjects and Hayti, and because at the time of the war of independence the sons of noble Albion had aided the natives to expel the remains of Le Clere’s army. Ia the north, confidence in the English was still great er, for Christophe was born in an English Island. He put himself in seme measure under the protection of Great Briain, and be had projected to change the lan- guage, manners and religion of his country. All must be English. Goman, @ partizan of Christophe, revolted at Jeremie, in the south of the Island, oud ravished it 14 yee He retired with a good number of biacks into the mountains of the Grand Aure. In 1800 General Rijaud, who had emigrated to Frat at the time of the civil war of 1800,wt othe black Toussoin Louventure, aided by some disconte colonies of the mother country, seized upon the reigns of government of St. Doming), and caused to perish under his sabre the mulatto popula- tion found spread over the west, north and south. Rejand Isay, chief of the mulattos,returned to Hayti, p sented himself to Petion, and demanded as hia senior chief, the Presidency of the Republic. Petion refused, and the secession of the south was formed. This seces- sion continued two ye: Rijaud died and Gen Bors la, who succeeded him, discovered the organization of a party in favor of Petion, a fata which was so augment- the intrigues of the latter as to menace the exist. ence of the south and west; for if a vow civil war had broken out in consequence, Christophe would have marched to Port au Prince and become master of Hayti Under these circumstances, and to srrest there evils from our poor Republic, Gen Borzella united the south to the west in making his submission to the government of Potion, You will remark, without doubt, under the five inde- | pendent governments which ruled this country, to wit : | that of Petion, of stophe, of Rijaud, of Gomun, and of old Spain in the East—for the Eust always kept aloof | rom these events—tho condition of the population has | been singularly varied. From these different kinds of | government the character of the chiefs who directed them and the education they gave to the governed, the | following has resulted :— lst. In the north of the ancient French part, aristocra- tic ideas,inclination for monarchical government,ideas of | ad b: ipe- pect for religion, reci- procal hatred towards tbe mulattoes and whites, opposi- tion to the Fi ‘h and sympathy for the English. al Qd Inthe west, pride, egotism, republican ideas, in- clination for republican government, ideas of di order, of indolence, thoughtlessuess, license, immorality, ox terior religion, hatred against the blacks and whites. 3d. In the south,aristocracy of the mulattoes, weakness of the bleck cl: good manners, ideas of independence, | distrust of the west, and more still of the north. | | _ This waa nearly the condition of the country when | Boyer in 1818, took the reins of State. But his bad admi- | nistration has ruined every thing. He was the most for- | tunate chief the country had possessed; under his go- vornment the party of Goman was destroyed; the north submitted to the epublic; the east, which bad still pre- | served the ancient manners of Spain, was annexed to | the rest of the country. But the moral and political | | condition of the ancient French part grew worse; public morals were corrupted—there was no longer any public decency—the government, representative in name, be came «jictatorial, and the Haytiens shamelessly bowed the head before the all-powerful will of the President. | They contemned religion and excited the hatred of the blacks towards the mulattoes, while the mulattos excited the first against the whites. All was lost. Thon came the | revolution of 1543, prepared for a long time for a social | reform. Butit wasa deception, for it was ontrusted to | immoral and infamous men, wilhout decency and with: | ops patriotiam. The black# felt their position and their strength; they broke out, and tho mulattoes are menaced | | wit being the victims of the rude and ignorant mass. ‘This is the history of the condition, moral and politi- cal, of the inhabitants of Hayti. | Asto their constitution and laws, they have never ex- | isted but in name, At first arbitrary and despotic, they became ridiculous and exclusive. Iwill give you an idea. When Dessaline was Governor General of Hayti, | their existed noither constitution nor laws; all depended | upon the will of the tyrant. As Emperor he had a vain | show of an imperial constitution formed by twenty-three* | Generals the 20th of May, 1805; all still depended upon the head of the government, the framing and promulga- tion of laws, appointment and removal of public function: aries, The Haytiens generally called blaeks under this black government wore the very humble subjects of his very barbarous majesty. Dessalines having disappeared, they made a new con- stitut First the primary assemblies elected deputi in the different par ‘of the ancient French part. Shristophe intrigued in the north and Petion in the west, to procure the election of their partizans. The consti- tuent assembly met at Pert au Prince, and on tho 27th of December, 1806, na Re the constitution. After some articles, which declared the rights and duties of man | and of citizens, it divided the territory into four depart- monts; one in the north, two in the west and one inthe | south. The east or Spanish part was not included. This had been ceded to France by Spain the 22d of July, 1799. | Thiscesion will be found inthe treaty of Basle of the 4th of Thermidon, year In 1796 the French commis- | sioner, Roume, arrived in the city of St. Domingo as | agent of the republicangovernment. At the commence: | ment ot 1799 herwas recalled by Toussoint Louverture, | then Governor General of French St. Do ‘This | Governor, urged by the colonists of the ancient French | part, sent in April 1800, General Age to take po: | of the Spanish part. ‘This General did not succeed in | this arduous enterprise. Toussoint then resolved to march against the east with 10,000 men. A convention | held between him and the Governor, Don Joaquin Gar- cia, the 6th of January, 1801, permitted the black General | to enter St. Domingo 20 days after. This is how France | | became master of all the Island. At the time of the | | War of independence the eastern part of the Isl and took no part in it. Tho expedition of Le | Clere had placed beforo the capital of Hispanola Kerverseau, who was well received by Genera! Paul Louverture, commandant cf the province dl brother of Toussoint. ‘Che French, expelled by Dessa | lines from the French post, the inhabitants of the East al- ways remained under the dominion of the French, and did not meddle in any way in the horrible massacres and | butcheries which took place in the North, West and South. But General Keroerseau was succeeded by tie | brave General Ferrand, who opp , with all his | strength, the Haytien invasion, Dessalines attempted at the commencement of 1805, to seize upon St. Domingo, | but he failed in this barbarout expedition, during which | his army devastated, pillaged and durned the towna and | villages where they appeared, captured the Spaniards, and violated their wives and daughters. Thus the ea ern part did not belong to the Haytiens, and could not be | included in their constitution of 1806 By this constitu | tion, made by the mulattoes egainst Christophe, who pre- | tended to the supreme magistracy, the Senate was com- | > for the Nortu, 6 forthe Arti | 5 osed of 24 members — oriste; 6 for tho West, and 6 for the South—namvd by elective colleges, cho | The Senate wis clothed with all power, legislative and Governmental. The President of Hayti was but | Strument placed at the head of legislation, to which he | was responsible for all hia acts. He was elected f r four years ; commanded the army, ond nominated the judges. | | The Senators were appointed for nine years ; they wore | | divided into three ciusses, renewod every three years.— | Courts of original and appelate jurisdiction dispensed | | justice, Their members were appointed by the Senate, | which had the right of revising judgments rendered — | This constitution was a dead letter under Petion, who, istrusting tho Senators, ended by adjourning the Se- | nate and secretly persecuting the members of that body. He became dictator ; but this state of things could not continue long : he was compelled to render his usurpa- | tions legal. it was necessary to give them a shade of | | constituuonality. Petion became fatigued with the pre- | | carious state in which he found him-ell placed; he, the @- fore, caused some Senators to reassemble at the com- moncemont of 1816, and wade them decree the revision of the constitution of 1806 An assembly of revision was | convoked ; they met on the 24 of June, 1816 This as- | sembly, composed of eleven members, all devoted to Pe- | tion, formed the constitution anew, according to the mo- | del submitted to them by Sabourin, then one of the inti- | roate counsellors of the goverument. By this new chart, | a House of erected, which had the right | of passing laws proposed to it by the Presideut—laws, | the execution of which were permitted after the sanc- tion of the Senate. ‘The Chamber, composed of 60, and upwards, deputies, although the constitutioval number ought to be 81, had power thatit never exercised. It was purely and simply a shadow of national depuration, compored of land holders of 25 years of age at least; it ought to establish imposts, determine their duration, their nature, the amount and mode of reception--enact concerning tke administration—raise und form the army —and make laws concerning the manner of itt own or: | ganization and goveranent, ‘The term of the Deputies | Continued five yeurs, and they could be elected indefi- | nitely. ‘They were named by the commonal assemblies. here were threo for the capital, two for each cbiet place of the department, aud one for each commane.— ach representa ive bad a gubstitule to replace him in case of d:ath, dismission, or otherwise. ‘The Chamber met once a year." Tho session continued three months Koch legislature five years. The powers of the Seu | were so restricted in the new co hy neco tive the Republic ; the declarations of war, which were made by the chief | | of the State. The President had tho richt of pro- | posing laws—of miking treaties—of appointing to | all employs, civil and miltary—of desigueting his | Successor—of proposing Senators to the Chamber | in fine, he enjoyed an immense power. Every | thing depended upon his all-powerful will, A general | secretary was charged with foreign relations—of reli- gion-—with the organization and disposition of the arm: of the interior—of public instru | under the di- rection of the Prosident, who di ‘hed dence. A Secretary of Stato finances of the | the administration of justice. A court of ¢' | and criminal courts, whose members were uamed by the | President, rendered jnatice throughout the Republic A Chamber of Accounts, composed of five membors, | called the Comptes Generea of the State, who rondared | account to the President and the Chamber, which had high control upon the financial operations of the State. ‘Tho laws of the Republic, the administration of which was still built upon the null when ‘opposed to ti n by the primary assemblies. — | cient colonial ayatem, were | will of the dictator, who int preted, or om to be interpreted All was illusion under the reign of Boyer, whos ‘and immoral conduct, and bad mad the whole island a hideous skeleton. In vain the Cham- ber of Commons had many times demanded, at first, amo- | lioration, and then the revision of the social compact, — which did not in the least conform to the character and ha- | bits of the enlightened portion of the people. The Cham. — ber was the vistim of the patriotism of some of its mom- bers. Boyer annihilated it. The Deputies wore pur: | | before the promulgation of which th | league is allowed for traveling expense: | Upon the presentation of the electoral as | 000, con | mains, and | this unhappy country, the population Kay not dimin' sued, thrown into prison, and denounced as conspirators. No ; this constitution, formed 1006, (1916 1) no longer suited; for the North and the Last were united to the Re- ublic, and it required another constitution and other wi . In consequence, all the patriots adhered in this belief to the revolution of pert which overthrew Boyer anc and the constitution, General Riveri Hernrd was called to the head of the affairs of the country, but he was inca- pable of conducting them. He deranged them. A new constitutional assembly framed a new constitution, based upon the promises of the revolution. All rights perpetuated by it. A National C $2, gompo: two Chambers and a President, elected aft@® the Amer.- can system, were to govern the country. Riveri con- spired against the coustituent assembly, destroyed the constitution, and produced that state of auarchy in which the Haytiens are found ‘The inhabitants of the Bast ée- parate ves from this government without euame und withvut public faith. Riveri fell, and a monstrous dictatorship, confided to the black chiefs, succeeded to his ephemeral Presidency. 1 will analyze the constitution of 1843, ond then give you, frankly, my opinion upon the political rights which, as a'depaty of tho people, | have sustained in the cou- stituent tribunal, : Ist. Division of the territory : six departments—South, West, Arlebouste, North, (the ancient Freuch part,) Ci- bas, and Ozama (the ancient Spanish part), These de- partments are divided into arondissements ; these arron- . The departments are to have ach lissoment shall have a Prefect, and each commune a Marre ; each “ ded by acounsel, whose powers shall be determined law. 2 The public rights ot the Haytions, Africans, In dians, their descendants, and persons born in foreign- countries of a Haytien father or mother, andthose who, whatever may be their color, are recognited in this quality, are Haytions. For the future, no white can ac- quire this quality, nor the right of possessing roal estate im Hayti. ‘The exercise of civil rights ie regulated by law. “Political rights are acquired at the age oi 21 years, and by naturalized citizens after a year’s residence.— They are lost by naturalization in a foreign country ; by abandonment of their country in a mement of imminent peril; by accepti withoat authority, public duties or pensions conferred by a foreign government ; by all ser vices rendoced to the enemies of the Republic, or by all tronsactions with them; by coudemnation, peremptory atid definite, to perpetual punishment, at once painful and infamovs. They are suspended by the state of domestic servitude for wages; by bankruptcy, simple or fraudulent; by the state of juridical »uspension of ac- cusation or contumacy; by @ judicial condemnation, im- plying pension of civil rights; fusal to in the national guards ¢ of the law; equal admission to all public employ; indivi- dual liberty guaranteed; the right of locomotion re- strained, notwithstanding, in certain cat te mined ue Jaw; arrest, detention, and rary exile, po- sitively forbidden; inviolability of habitation, 0. propér- ty; confiscation of goods abolished; the punishment of death restrained, in certain cases determined by law; liberty of the press, the abuse of which to be redressed by law; freedom of religion, instruction free; foundation of schools gratuitous, common to all citizens; jury estab- lished in criminal cass and political offences of the press; the right of assembling peaceably, and even oxcu- pying themselves with political subjects; the right of ation, and the yight of petition; inviolability of let. i Bethe languages common in Hayt obtained; the establishment of houses of public succor and public penitentiaries. 3d. Form of Government. ‘The republic of Hayti ono | and indivisible, free, independent and sovereign; its ter- | ritory inviolable, cannot be alionated by any treaty; the people are the entire body of citizens, sovereign, ani de- logating this sovereignty to three elective and temporary powers, to wit: the legislative, executive, and the judi- ciary, Which form the governmont, essentially civil and representative, independent and responsib) 4th, The legislative power is exercised by two cham- bera—a House of Commons and a Senate—which, in cer- tain cases provided by the constitution, reuoitejm ana- timal assembly. ‘The House is composed of member:, the number of which to be fixed by law, in the ratio of population, and for the first time in the follewing propor- hree for cach of the communes of tho Caves o. aives, of Cape Haytien, of St Yague, and St Domun. Goi | go; two tor Jacmel and Jeremie; four for Port an Prineo; and one for cach of the other commun ’ primary assemblies for three years, ani may be re-eigi- le indefinitely. This chamber had the exclusive right of ot iginatiag laws concerning the revenue aud expeadi- tures of the government, the allotment and organization of the land and naval forces, the national guard, the elec- tions, the responsidililies of the Secretaries of State and the other agents of the excoutive ower. It has the right of accusing the President and the Secretaries of State, the before the Senate, and the others before the tribunal Cessation, and of impeuchiug tho members ef tho lest tribunal. The Senate is composed of thirty-six representatives, in the ratio of six foreach department, in the following proportion: Four for the Cuyer, two for Jeremie (x0vth,) jour for Port au Prince, two for Jacmel (west, nix for St Yague (Cibas,) and six for St Domingo \(Ozama,) elected by the electoral assemblies, whose mombers shall be named by the pr agsemblies, the 5 which are to be established in each of the cic named. The members of the Senate for six years, must be re years, with the right of re-election. The Senate cunnot assemblo at any other time than the legislative seesion, except in cased when it exercises judicial functions. It has the right of trying tha President and members of the tribunal of Cassation, and of pronouncing their dismissal and exclusion from ali public employments fer a defiuite period; of naming the judges of the tribunal of Cassation, upon the presentation of a list of candidates by each of the electoral assemblie: moet by law the first Moaday of April; their sessions to continue three months, but in'Cases of necessity the lagisiotive body er the President can prolong it to four. But in no c 1 either House be dissolved ¢r prorogued. During the in- tervals of the sessions, the President can convoke thom extraordinarily. ‘The sessions sf each chamber must bo public, but secret committees are pormiited upon the de- Inand of five members. ‘The initiative of Inwa belongs to the two Houses and the President, excep: thove of which Thave spoken, which ought to oviginnt elected by the te with the Com- mons. ‘The constitutional majority of the two Honaes Consists in two-thirds of the voic All resolutions must be taken by an absolute majority. Tho projet of wlaw rejected by either chamber ea:not bo raj ithe sume session. The President negative upon lews itintive does not belong exclusively to the two Houses. ‘The Represen- tatives and Senators are inviolable during the period for which they are chosen. They cannot be purswed nor ar- rested in matters criminal, correctional, nor of police. ission of the Chamber or of the Sonote. If accuse, ither Chamber, they shail be tried by the criminal tribunal of their domicil, with th» asaistance ot ajury. The jonal Assembly, or the uvion of the two Chambers, take place at the opening of each ses- sion. It has the right of proclaiming the President of the Republic, of declaring war, upon the report of the «x cutive power; regulating reprisal: and other matters lative to the war; of eanctioning all treatios or all inter. natioual conventions agread to by the President; of authoriving loans; of permitting or refusing entr nce to foreigu naval forces imjthe ports of the Republic; of granting peace; pardoning and commuting pwnishmnents; of authorising the establishment of a National Bank, and of revising the constitution. Tho representatives, whose compensation is fixed at $200 a month, must be 25 years: d domiciled in the commune. The entitled to $300 * month, must be 80 re in Hayti, ani political rights. An additional dollar a Sth. The executive power is delegated toa President, elected for tour years, inthe following manner; two can- didates are propored by each electeral assembly; the certificates of election ara opened by the National As- mbly, who count the number of votes given for each candidate, and proclaim him President who has an lute majority, or who, subject in contrary cases to the ballot, the two or three candidates; who heve the high- eat number of votes, or who, subject to lot the two last candidates, when there isan eqaslity of votes. The Pre- sident promulgetes ths laws, acts and decrees of the Chambers and the National Assembly; prepares tho or- ders and decrees necessary for the executive, with ut the power of suspending or dispensing with their execu- tion; appoints and removes the Secretar! State; con- fers rank in the army; appoints to the tho general administration and foreign relations; treaties of peace, of alliance, and of neutrality, with the sanotion of the National Assembly; commands the land and naval forces, but cannot command them in person without permi sion of the Chambers. All acts of the President must be deliterated on in the council of the Secretaries of State, who share with him in the respousi- bility of them. The President, aged 30 at least receives an annual compensation of $20 000; four Secretaries of State are attached to the President; they have entrance into both Chambers, ani a salary of $5000 6th. Tho judicial power is exercised by a tribane of Cassation; tribunals of appeal and of original jurisdic- tion, and tribunula of the peace. The Jutges are elected, to wit: Tho Justices of the Peace by the primary arsem- lies, those of the tribunal of Caswation by the Senate: those of the other tribunals by those I ‘The Justices of the Peace ure elucted for and those of otner tribunals for nine yearr, and can- not be dismissed nor suspended but b 7th. Finances. —No impost caa be law; they ehall be voted each year; he budget of ex- penses and receipts must be presauted to tie Chambors each year, These Chambers also settle the compte genereau of the Republic. Tougit to add to this paragraph the state of our finan- | cow in 1843-4, The public revenue, available to $2.700,- { import duties, rights of seignory aud pa- try, mortgages, stamped papers, public do- ivers other rec ut by the recession WER are reduced to $2,100,000. imated at $3,900,000, and ince the #6} tat $3,000,000. 1 he army alone has absorbed two-thirds of the public revenue. ‘This army is 30,000 mon strong, but undisciplined, and ina great measure composed of blacks. Ibuve analyzed the Haytien constitution for you, and it but remains for moa to speak of the population, of the social condition of the country, and to give you my opin- ion concerning ue tendency since the revolution, aud also at the present time Under the Colonial Government, and in 1790, the po. pulation of the ancient French part was osti at 520,000 souls, divided in the following manne’ of the Enat theso re ‘The public Whites. .... 44. + 40,000 Mulattoes 28,000 462,000 for 7 mu'at- ‘Spanish co- lony connted them 125,000 souls, ‘The popalation in fouind diminished in convoquence of the wars which have taken place in French St. Domingo; - tl cres and the emigrations they have oc d Netwithstanding the misfortunes which have afflic much, will bs convinced of thix trath by tho fy lowing table, which | have prepared from authefMic jource! North .. 300000 Weat 240,000 South .., 90,000 . 630,000 Add for the Eastern pa: perce ee 220,000 “940,000 ‘t % es rd