The New York Herald Newspaper, November 1, 1845, Page 1

Vol, XE, No, 261 -Whole No. 4154, na and dhe Chinese, by the Hon, Caleb Cashing. The Hon. Caleb Cushing, the late Minister to China, has lately delivered three lectures—one in Newbnryport, one in Boston, and one in Salem—on the character and policy of China and the Chinese We sent a special reporter to attend them, and the following is a full and exclusive report of Mr. C.’s yemarks at each lecture, which we have thrown | into one: THE LECTURE. Before commencing my remarks upon the subject of the Chinese Empire, | mist at the outset beg you not to | feel disappotated if you find my observations somewhat | rambling and desultory. From the nature of the sub- | ject, the infinite variety of details connected with it, the | immense field of observation, the great interest and im- | portance of the tonics 1 am expected to touch, I must ne- | cessarily be, in a measure, supert . Rhetorical orna- ment, and eloquent declamation, are likewise out of my power. A plain statement of facts, and a few of the m ny observations they naturally would elicit, will be all that it is in my power to offer’ To an American or Euro pean, cast for the first time into the midst of Chinese so- ciety, everything seems contrary to his own established usages. Not only does he find himself at the antipodes, geographically speaking, but equally so with respect to manners, customs and morals. The thronging myriads everywhere around—their strange costume—the inces- sant clash of gongs—the junks with mat sails—the carts on shore driven by sails, as well as the craft on the wa- ter—every thing combines to make a scene of, to him, the utmost novelty And the more particular his obser- vation, the more is he struck with the total dissimilarity trom all he before has witnessed. Does he look at the pilot directing the vessel under his charge, he finds the directing point ef the compass at the south instead of the north pole; does he receive a letter, he finds the wri- ting running in lines from top to bottom, instead of hori- zontally, and to be read from right to left, instead of left to right.’ ‘The language, too, he perceives to be ideogra- phic, instead of alphabetic; that is, the characters, of themselves, represent distinct ideas, whereas with his own language a combination of characters is resorted to before an idea is conveyed. A family mourning for the death of a relative, dresses in white, instead of black ; shuttlecock is played with the feet ; the saucer is placed in the cup, instead of the cup in the saucer; shoes are polished with whitening, and not blacking; their ladies compress and distort the feet—ours the waist; the upver side of the head is shaved, not the lower; in their books, the leaves are cut and trimmed in binding, on the back instead of the front; in swimming, the Candi and arms are moved up and down, instead of sideways; the cavalry are armed with the bow and arrow, the in- fontry with the matchlock; a colonel of dragoons on horseback at the head of his troops, may be seen fan ning himself very zealously, and flourishing his fan i stead of a sword: men fly kites rather than the boys thers carry their infants on the back rather than at the breast; all the buatmen on the rivers are women; as a sub- stitute fof cock-pits and horse races, the Chinese fight a main with two crickets in a bowl; a friend accosts you in the street and instead of shaking your hand, he shokes his own at you. Besides all these ex- ternal differences, the stranger finds that nobility and forfeiture uf blood go upward instead of downward, so that if one be enobled or degraded it affects his father and not his son, his aucestors and not his descendants. ‘The various extraordinary appearances and eustoma will at first, most forcibly and lugicrously strike the foreigner, but he must take a very different and more serious view ofthe topic submitted to him,or otherwise hewill do much injustice to a great and polished people. ‘The porcelain, the teu, the silks of China have rendered her name familiar to our ears,but few have anyadequate idea of the stupendous reality ofthat vast'empire. We, of America, receiving our language, and many of our ideas from Europe, speak of ourselves, as if we, and our brethren in Europe, were the eldest, nay, the only great collection of civilized men on the globe. Every thing we regard from this ene point of view, and things beyond the horison of our sight, are tous as if not existing. History to us is complete, if it be our history; to us the Greeks and Romans are the an: cin s, our usages are civilization—iurope to us is the world Theologians have fallen into a similar error. ‘They speak of the Hebrews as if they, a small tribe in one corner of Palestine, deriving their origin from one older nation, the Chaldees, and their arts from another,the Egyptians, were the great original primitive people of the world—their language the root ofall others their sacred hooks the exclusive record of the history of Asia. Ac- cordingly we talk familiarly, in all our histories, of the first voyages to the East Indies as discoveries; as if the teeming millions of India and China were hid, or did not exist, until a wandering Italian merchant or Portuguese navigator had found his way out of the darkness of Europe into the comparative eftulgent lightof Asia, But in fact, nearly all our modernarts had theirday in China centu: ries since. Her civilization, arts, literature, and language, are of the highest antiquity ‘and longest duration. — From her we have derived, to say nothing of tea gunpowder, the mariners’ compass, silk, porcelain, paper, printing, (both with blocks and moveable types) newspapers, bank notes and paper money.— All these things are of moderna use with us—not so with them, The language of Confucius, the contempo- rary of Herodotus, is yet. the vernacular tongne of the Chinese—and, in short, | do not know of anything now possessed by’ us, except the steam engine, which they did not possess anterior to history. While our fathers were ekin-clad barbarians, roving in the woods of Bri tair, Germany and Norway, thousands of years ago hina wes a populous empire of polished men, clad in silk, living in cities, having colleges of education, fre- quenting ‘crowded theatres, drinking from porcelain puolishing books, and engrossing all the chief arts of ci- Vilization, just as it now is in Europe am America. Ouy word China is Portnguese, and like the Latin Sina, it is unknown in the country itselfas a designation of the Innd, It is supposed to ‘be derived from the Tin dynas ,a family which once reigned in the empire, but ‘is of atively modern use, since, in the Lith century the was Cathary, as we learn from Columbus’ anc Their own names are three in number : Ta tsing—frequently translated “ Great Pure.” kwoh—* Central Land.” Chung-hwa—* Central Flowery.” € are sometimes combined into ‘a-tsing Chung kwot—* Central Land of the Great pame others Pure.” This Inst isthe true political designation of China while Nos. 1 and 3are the literary, and No. 2 the popu lar names. ‘The error of translating these appellations givos them an air of strangeness. The Chinese is a pri mitive language, and of course all the words are signifi cant; these are proper names and should be used as sueh—to translate them is as if an Englishman should speak of Sir Mark Vetch, Lord Mayor of Strength, in stead of Marcus Cicero, Consul of Rome. The Chinese Empire, as Europe has known it for near- ly five hundred years, consists of two great masses of men--viz.: the Chinese, who inhabit eighteen provinces of China proper and the Tartars, divided into Manchus Mongols, Mohammedan and other Tartars, inhabiting « vast interior country, called Ili, Add to these, Ist, Tibet, uuder the protection of China, and 2nd. Tributary re: gions inflaenced more or less by the Chinese govern- ment— such as Corea, Cochin China, Siam, &e. The po. pulation, exclusive of merely tributary states, by the census of the Chinese, is put down at 350,000,000—but this is disputed simply because it is large, and the amount is reduced, conjecturally, to 260,000,000 hy most foreign. ers. Yet this 18 without good reason, as we may under- stand by @ view of the circumstances of the case, and a comparison of the territory, manners and cnstoms of the with those of other nations The immense of people everywhere presenting themselves to the eye are all extremely industricus, making the coun: try appear one vast bee-hive or ant-nest. Let us consi- der—that two crops per annum are produced in the popu- lous regions of China proper, whereas, here and in E rope, bit one is raised. We, consequently must produce food jor twelve months in six, besides the provision fo1 our cattle in winter, and occupy much of our space in its storage till wanted for consumption. Itis not so with them. ‘That there are no beasts of burden in Southern China to consume food which men might use. Horses are tnknown, except in small numbers for the troops; there are no cows, nu sheep, and only a very few butt loos for the plough. All transportation is either on ca- nals and rivers, or on the backs of men, and men are also employed to draw the canal boats in'the country, and carry the sedan chains which are used in the cities That there are no forests, occup vast extents that might be devoted to cultivation. That there are no broad highways for carriages, nothing but nerrow fotpaths for mea and animals, and that thus the wholefsurface of the country can be and is cultivated imost like a garden—except the grounds reserved for burials, That the women labor as much as the men That the people are very abstemious, living upon almost nothing and eating almost every thing in the shape o! tood—the very poor consuming ‘cate, rats, mice, dogs and in jact every thing that has life. | As an illustration of the cheapness of subsistence, I may here mention that 1 hired servants for five dollars a month, they finding themselves and feeding on rice and fish. That there is @ large and constant importation of breadstufty into China ‘That articles of food in the tropics are far more produc. tive than with ns, as for example the yield of the ba to that of wheat is as 133 to 1, and to that of the po (our most productive vegetable) as 44to 1, That there isan immense emigration from Chinato Manilla, to Bor neo, to Java, to Singapore and to all the Asiatic islands ‘That vast numbers of the Chinese live, not on land, but on water rafts, in boats, &e., which form streets and whcle cities on the rivers. ‘That the laws and usages of China promote in the very highest possible degree, the progress of population. “And, finally, that the Chinese Empire is greater in extent of surface than the whole of snrope, comprising 5,260,000 square miles, ‘urope has but 3 725,000, Why not, then, should Ching eek a» Jarge a proportionate population as Kurope? It in. cludes, to be sure, the less poptilous regions of Tartary but still it leaves ample room, considering the much more populous regions of the south, for the imputed po- Lion of 360.000,000. Nobody thinks it strange that bu rope should have two or three hundred millions of in. habitants—why is it strange that an equal number should be sustained on an equal space called China ? What has led so many Europeans to doubt the alleged | populousness of the country, x because they are loth to admit, and can scarcely realize the remarkuble tact of a population equal at least to that of the whole of Europe being under one Government. ‘They can hardly ime uch a state of things when they look at Europe, | rid ber millions distributed among sixty-five at States, oF, counting only the larger ones (I reay those only which’ have the honors ol vate Governments, But we are ut once enabled to comprehend the fact, if we sup- pose for a moment the empire of Alexander to exit at this day, or even yet the Roman empire to be now and b mide vl should rathe royalty) into twenty se in being. If stability of Government, Vilization, arts, mniiers, applied toa vast mass of men, be proof of wis dum in institutions, the case of China exceeds anything NEW YORK, in Burope, or elsewhere in Asia, compared to wh: indeed, the kingdoms of E in origin, and as but b, surope are butas of yesterday provinces in power and population. Yet changes of dynasty have occurred in China from period to period, having been for a long series of cen- turies pure Chinese, then Mongol, and then Chinese again, and now Manchu. The form of government is hereditary monarchy. ‘'he sovereign is called T'a-How- | ang-7'e, commonly translated by the Roman title of Em- peror, But this translation is erroneous, and ivade- quately represents the force of Ta-Howang- Ce, which imports romething divine, sacred, celestial, in addition to the idea of mere temporal sovereignty. “The term is Chinese, and is employed by the Tartar and other sub- jects of the empire as a proper name, without translati” it; that is, To-Howang-Te is the appropriate and pecu- liar designation of the sovereign of China, just as Emperor is of the Romans, Czar of the Russians, Sul- tan of the Turks, Calif of the Arabs, Pope of the modern Roman State. Like Pope, it implies both temporal and spiritual power and sovereignty. The reigning sove- reign is commonly called Tuw Kwang; but this illus. trates one peculiarity of the Chinese—it is not the name of the sovereign, but that of his reign; since it is consi- dered a sacreligious act to pronounce the name of the non the throne during his lifetine) The mean- ing of the title is, “ [Mustration of Reason.” The princi- ple of governments the paternal relation; the sovereign is the father of his people. ‘This is the radical idea which runs through all the laws, usages, habits and morals of the Chinese. And thongh a fiction, itis quite ay true as the fiction of loyalty in Europe, under cover of which the aristocracy of landholders and rich capitalists carry onthe government; while as a sentiment, motive, or principle of action, it certainly is higher, purer and bet- ter than that furious bigotry of party spirit which con stitutes the prevalent principle of action, and, at the same time, the blot and shame of the United States. The ve. neration of parents is, in China, the leading idea of so cial organization. It is common toennoble a parent or other ancestor for the good deeds of the son; and it is a part of the religion for children to make annual oferings atthe graves of their deveased ancestors. Re} mUess punishment also awaits any failure of respect or duty to parents on the partof children. ‘his feoling —¢ the pa rental and filial relations 1s constantly inculcated by go. vernmwent, likewise. ‘The empire i- tae tamily, of which the ‘Ta-Howang-Te is the head -ruling as such,and as such regarded with religious veneration. The organization of the government ix as complete and perfect, as far as regards the details of law and its administration, as that of any in Europe. It is detailed in a work called Ta Tsing Hwung Tein, or Collection of the Ta Tsing Sta- tutes. ‘This organization consists of - Ist—The Sovereisgn. 2d—The Ning Ko, or Cabinet Council, composed of four principal and two assistant ministers, who are one nalf Tartava and one half Chinese. To assist these in this, ihe highest function of government, there are of course many subordinate oflicers 3rd —The Kwang-ke Chu, literally “council of the ar- my” but in fact performing the functions of a genera! council of government, on the principle common to all the Tartar people, of considering the nation as a camp ‘This is a numerous body of high officers cf state, anaia- gous to the British Privy Council in character and tune tons, consisting half of Chinese and halfof Manchus. The council is also aided by a great number of inferior oflicers, 4th—The six Huh-Pu, or Supreme Boards for the ad ministration of China Proper, vix: 1, Board of Civil Oflice or appointments. 2, of Revenue. 3, of Rites ; or more properly, Public Instruction. 4, of War. 5, of Punishments. 6, of Pablic Works. ‘These Boards are all constituted, as in the case of the Cabinet and General Councils, of half Manchus, half Chinese; their functions are sutliciently denoted by their titles or designations. 6th—The Li lan Yuen, a separate Board for the admi nistration of the Mongel and other Lartars, composed wholly of ‘Tartars 6th—The Two-cha-yuen, or Censorate, for the gene- ral censorship aud inspection of public affairs, with some duties of police 7th—The Tung-ching-sze and Tale-sze, which are in the nature of high courts of appeal. sth.—The Hanliu-yuen, or Imperial Academy, which is a branch of the political administration, and ia the exa- mination and presentation of candidates for oftice, exer- cises important functions in the government. 9%th.—The government and other local otflicers of the twenty-one provinces of the Manchus and of China. 10ch.—The Hans, commouly called by us Khans ; that is the Chiefs of the various tribes of Tartars. lith.--The army, composed of the troops of the Em- pire, divided into Banners, for the sateguard of the {rou- tiers, the garrisoning of the fortresses, aud the maintain- ing the authority of the Emperor, especially in China Proper, where the great military officers and a large pro- portion of the troops are Tartars. Such is the political machinery ofthe Empire. Letur now devote some observations to its practical operation There is, however, a curious fact, which should be here mentioned, and that is the expedient adepted by the Tar tar dynasty, on its accession, to secure its own power.— The Chinese officers were permitted to remain as before, huta Tartar placed in offi.e for every Chinese, and andthus the supremacy was insured. The nature o! the sovereign power is illustrated by the fact that ho- mage to the sovereign is a religious as well 98 a political sot, It consists in three successive prostrations, at ful) length, ateach prostration touching the ground thro. times with the forehead. This isthe Tartar ceremony so called, the question on which so many of the European embassies have failed. It is a ceremony the same in substance which in China one see: every day performed by worshippers in the temples, at the shrines and altars of their religion, and at the tombs of their ancestors. ‘The submission of the subject to his prince, of the child to his parent, is as that it men to a demi-god; and the Chinese are imbued with this sentiment from infancy to the grave, not merely by he punishments inflicted on them for disobedience to vr disrespectial treatment of their parents, but also in the only universal religious worship of China—that of lecaused parents and ancestors. The functions of go- vernmentare professedly and to a great degree, in truth rostowed upon merit, intellectual and moral. All the ifices are open to ail men; there are no hereditary rulers ind legislators, as in Europe; titular rank indeed, possessed by afew families, chiefly among the Tartars hutit is unaccompanied by power. Learning ant virtue ire the things held in the highest estimation. Scholars constitute the first rank in the empire, and intellec- tual and moral qualities and acquisitions, ascertained by public examinations, are the established road to distin¢ tion of all kinds. These examinations are open to all the poor and the humble, as well as the rich and the titled; they are cenducted by the government, and those candidates who prove themselves the most meritorious are selected for appointments to the vacant oflices of the first or the lowest degree. They attain promotion gradually, through time and merit, just as our officers in the army and navy; and, if guilty of improper conduct, are degraded sometimes through one or more, some times through all the degrees of the political hierarchy but can again recover their position by deserving ‘it again. ‘To comprehend this fully, suppose that in our navy a captain who had incurred punishinent, instead of being suspended or deprived of pay for aterm of years, should be degraded to the rank of lieutenant or of m’d- shipman, with, however, the right to work himself up. if he can, by merit, to his former rank. ‘This is the uni- versal system of government in China. ‘The rank of officers is denoted by their costume, and more espe- lly by a knob worn on the top of the hat, or rather cap. The rank called Mandarin by us is unknown in Chine, and is purely a“ port” word, Tho general term among the Chinese is public officers. Public opinion is regarded habitually by the government of China as much asin Great Britain or the United States, and ail public questions are as much argued to by the people.— Newspapers abound, and itis frequent to observe hand- bills posted on the walls containing elaborate discus sions and defences of important public measures. ‘They have theic red-book, extibiting, ike our blue book, 4 list of all the public officers, and the Tung-ching-sze a branch of the government specially appropriated to the reception of complaints against officers on the part of the people, Besides all this there are periodical addresses made to the people by the sovereign, inculcating moral as well ag political duties, and some of the monarchs have been voluminous and successtul authors. Further to gnard against evil on the part of the rulers, the Tvo-chee- yuen, or censorate, is bound to watch and reprove, if need be, the sovereign as well as all others in au- thority. One feature in the Policy of the country isthe great ann agricultural ceremony, at which the Emperor takes the plough in the presence of the assembled myriads of people and great officers of state and army—to testify his respect for agriculture, the primary art of human life, and the true foundation of the ‘opulence and power of the empire. ‘The wri lings of Contucius upon religion, &c., consisting chiefly, however, of moral and political precepts, are universally read by all scholars, and expounded to those unable to read, and they have had, | think, even more infiuence in China than the Bible in Christendom Herein we may see one efficient cause of the stability snd subordination which ehifracterizs the social organi zation of the empire. The Chinese literature is very copious. They publish as much, and at as cheap a rate as in the United States. All mea read and write, far beyond what we find to be the case in Europe ; that is, there are very many more out of every thousand men in Europe, who cannot read aud write, than in China The language is wholly peculiar. Originally in part hieroglyphic, by abridgement the picture craracter of the language has entirely passed away. Signs are to (he eye arbitrary in faim as much as our letters, but h sign represents a thing, or rather an idea, and the primitive signs are variously combined for signs of new or complex ideas, There is no alphabet—each character being a word denoting an idea ora closs ot ideas. ‘There are said to be eighty thous: of these separace charac ters or combinations of characters, a knowledge of at Joust ten thousand of which is necessary to a tolerable acquaintance with the language. Hence the vast labor of learning to read and write, which has converted the whole empire iuto a great school of education, and causes, as it were, the rewards and punishments of col- lege-marks to continue through life, The eflect of the system of education is still 1urther increased by the fact that there is a great difference in the dialects spoken in various parts of China, 80 that persous from distant pro- vinces cannot derstand each other any better than ay Itlian can a Spaniard, or a Portuguese a Frenchman But the written sigus are the same, and convey to ali the same ideus, just as the Arabic numerical figures convey the same idea to divers nations, While in spoker langauye they give them differeat names. ‘Two Chi Se, therefore, unable to compeehend cach other's dix lect, resort to the exp dient of making sigus wih ther! hands of the ideas they wish to convey, and taus enabled to understand. 1 am persuaded that these nd other pectiliarities of the machinery of thought speech, and Written communication in China, giving them an unchangeable identity of literature, of ideas of mental and moral constitution, have constributed more than any other cause to maintain the stability and long ducation of the peculiar civil institutions of the hm pire, ‘The manners of the Chinese are eminently cour teous; they exhibit not only the substance of high civili- vation, but its exterior also to quite as great a degree us is found in Enrope, except, perhaps, in the single fact that ladies do notenter into society, whereas laboring women are abundant in the streets "The people are fond of theatrical representations and of music, and means of gratifying their propensities inthis respect are very fre- | quent. Anotherfrequent element of their amusements | is a festival, or a procession, religious,political or domes- (tic. As to their morals, | am not prepared to say that they are any higher than in Europe or America, but they themselves have, at any rate, a very low idea of foreign morals—derived from seeing the conduct of Europeans, especially Engiish soldiers and sailors in their seaports. | Missionaries, particulzrly the French. #ho have been ad- mitted into the interior,have often spoken of this to me as ‘one of the great obstacles to the making proselytes to | Christianity among the Chinese people. As well as cour- | teous, the Chinese are an eminently intellectual nation. | They make vast use of books, and the country abounds in public libraries, and shops for the sale of literary works | I have acatalogue of the imperial library, which alone oc. cupie* ten considerable volumes, and in’ every respecta- | ble dwelling house, books are found as a necessary arti- | cleof furniture. The people generally reason well, both | in their conversation ir state papers ; but the have suffered great injustice from impertect or errone- ous translations, especially at the hands of the English. From the intercourse it was my fortune to nave with them, I formed a high opinion of their capacity, and in- deed the orgsnization and stability of their government is, to a considerable degree, a proof in itselt, of their ability, intellectual and political. In fact, talent can scarcely fail to obtain among the higher classes, siuce socially speaking, the scholars constitute the first order inthe empire. After them come the agriculturists, and then the soldiers, artizans and merchants. Pacific habits of intellectual, literary and artistic refinement, are in- deed the great characteristics of theChinese nation;while one chief aim of the government is the promotion of tranquillity, Hence the facility with which a hand- {ful of English troops were enabled to dictate terms | to this great empire. And this example should be a warning to us of the incited by utopian visions of contiunal peace, to Jose our inartial spirit, and with it, our independence. The prevalent religion is nothing but the worship of saints of the Empire, the same word, shing—signifying both sage and saint. | ‘Thus the great body of cultivated men in China, are destitute of rel rship, applied ligions are tolerated and even protected by the govern- ment, from causes of state. As, Ist—Budhism. are multitudes of temples of this religion, scarcely dis- tinguisnable in interior arrangements—in the altars, the burning of candles, the processions, the images, ‘&c from the churches of the Syriac,Greek and Roman deno- is au example, and at Macao there is a temple dedicated to theHoly Mother,wonderfully like the Roman churches tothe Virgin. Saints, likewise, have shrines inthe tem- ples as among the Greek aud Roman Catnoli And it has been demonstrated that these forms were either co- pied from, or copied by, the early christians of Asia. 2 Worship of the elements. Temples, shrines, and pro- cessious abound, dedicated to the propitiation of the spirits of the elements and the passions form of worshp Consists in prostration, as before described; the position sticks of perfumed wood, called jo beating of gongs, and the burnmyg of fire-works. ‘These things are going on before the eye at all times and places 3—Mohammedauism, Jewism, and all other religions, except Christianity,’ the reason for proseribing which will be mentioned hereufter, are freely tolerated, just as among the ancient Romans.’ 4—Lamaism. The peculiar and strange religion of Tibet prevails extensively among the Tartar and other interior nations of the Empire, and is somewhat favored by the Emperor himself, as a means of authority and influence among the’ Tartars, 5—The special adoration paid to the Emperor himself Such are the chief religious creeds. The dwellings of the rich, in China, are built of brick and stone, and are richly and tastefully furnished, o' much in request as in Europe, or w: the poor are of wood, bamboo predominating, on ac- count of its value and cheapness a3_a building material ‘The favorite and chief staple of food is rice, very little of wheat, maize or potato being used; fuod is eaten with two sticks, and it requires some skill to dexterously pick it up and convey it to the mouth by their means; ever: thing is served cut up, in small bowis; and it is consi ered a compliment to hand a morsel to your neighbor with your sticks, he taking it on his own. ” In setting the table, they decorate it with flowers, and bottles of scent- ed water,and musicians are employed to play during the repast. The Chinese are faxcalleneocluta tien this respect, may be regarded the French of As. Trepang, or bicho de mar, «large sea-slug, six or eight inches by one, found on the flats of the tropical islands; st is of a dark color, and is purified into a rich gelatinous substance, 2. Shark’s fins, and fish maws. 3. The edi- dle bird’s nest. This is the nest of a swallow, formed of 1 gelatinous matter, which the bird procures and elabo- ates, it is supposed, from some marine plant. Purified, itis worth its weight in silver. They dress it in so , like our vermacelli To eat soine of these things hayseem strange,but mayit not be asked whether hewas sot as bold a man who first swallowed an oyster? The Vartar dinners are very different. Tuey make their re- pasts on anunals—deer, sheep, hogs, &c , cooked and served whole, The ut-bits are chipped oi! by the hand, and passed round to the guests. The common drinks ire tea, which is seen on all occasions, and sam- shoo, «& liquor distilled from rice, which is min sled with hot water, andserved in small covered ves- sels with a glass to drink from, quite in the manner of not whiskey toddy at some of the fashionabie hotels in this country. TheChinese pleuge healths in drinking,and -mpty and reverse their glasses, Many of the drinking vessels now in use among us are copied from China. egarded commercially, the Chinese Empire is complete within itself, without aid from Europe. As to the arti- cle ot food : For the production of necessuries, bread- stuffs and the like, China has every facility in her vast erritory and extremely productive soil; in her great va- ciety cf climate, ranging trom the cold through the tem- perate, into the tropical latitudes; and we see that sue produces immense quantities of these necessaries, im porting but little, comparative; though perhaps positive- ‘y considerable amounts; she might, however, with lit- le more exertion supply herself entirely. Then as to semi-necessuries, such as tea, sugurs, liquors, &c. :OL the first, she has the complete monopoly, supply ing not only her own consumption, but the rest of the World besides; of the others, she has every facility for producing as nuch as she pleases, and does now produce them in vast quantities. As to herarts and manutactures: Her fame 1s universal for fabrics of silk, wovlten, cotton, grass, aud the raw material of these products; for the shelter of her people she has abuudant supplies of stone, brick ana woud; she has ships and every requisite material fur tueir construction of navigation; for the mauulactare oi uteusils, she has iron, copper, and coal; of the precious metals, she has gold and silver, and her peopie have tong been celebrated for the perfection of their work- manship in the art of manufacturing from them; tor mili tary detence, she has the metals and. gunpowder, and she has almost uncounted myriads of men. Accordingly we nave seen thatthe course of the trade of Europe with China, was, for centuries, that Europe paid im mouey for the silks, porcelain, spices and teas of China; a change in this course of trade has been brought about by means vt opium, which has proved manifestly an evil, especially to the Chinese,butin a measure to allconcerned. Another hai ge is now beginning to be effeeted bymeans of the cot- on manttactures of England and of theU nited States, Our otton manufactures, aud our cotton—whether manulac- uredat home or in Great Britain—are working a sure alteration in the system of trade, which will be eminent- \y beneficial to both nations, but particularly soto Ame- ‘ica. ‘The use of machinery gives Europe and America the command of the market of China; because, using no machinery in the cotton manufacture herself, we can supply her wants cheaper than she ca: ; and the expor- tation of manufactured cotton to that market, whether direct from this country, or through England, must be of especial importance to ns, siice all our own and a very lacge proportion—porhaps as lacge as six-sevenths - of the British manufacture is from the American raw mate- rial, But the ultimate effect of this change will be inju- rious to China. It must serve to break up, ina great de- gree, her handicraft arts and manutactures, throwing those engaged in them out of employ ment, aud produc: ing want, distress and misery. Untike the United States, China has no untried, vast aud fertiie West, for the sur- plus of her contianally increasing population to oceupy and cultivate when the throng of aggregated numbers becomes too great at home; and the consequent opera: on of the change we are considering, may be, When ‘ully effected, to lead to political chunges in the empire Che Imperial Commissioner has often and truly said, hat China did not want to have commerce or trade with surope or America. But tho result, whether tor ulti- nate actual guod or evil, is yet in the unexplored fu- ure, and to that it must be left tor development. As re ards ourselves, the United States will have, for the sup- vly of the Chinese market, cotton manufactures; row cotton, tor ours is better than the Asiatic articie,and ean ne sold there as cheap; ginseng, and lead. ‘The question ‘8s, can China continue to pay ? ‘To do this she has an | immense accumulation of specie, the drain of even a por: | uon of which Would at once cause a change in the rela | tive value of commodities, and producdve gold and sil- ver mines of her own. ‘There need be no immediate ap prehension on this point, for the balance of trade is stil igainst the United States, although—including Euglish opium—the balance is against China. We come now to a | consideration of the aversion to foreigners, entertained | by the Chinese nation. Their feelings towards other people were originally simply those oi disrespect. They saw themselves greatly superior in every respect to ail | other Asiatics, waich flourished their sellprive and led them, naturally enough, to look up an the others barbarians. ‘The same was the case with the. Greeks. Che Chinese considered all foreigners in the same ligut, vutthey had no absolute hatred of Europeans till the cies of the Portuguese, Dutch and Kuglsh. ‘The na- vigutors of these nations, when they could not sell to pront, resorted to plunder and piracy to make up cargoes and swell their guns And ! suppose it to be a lact, that tue English Bast ludia Company has committed & g «mount of Wrong in the East Niudies, itself alone, Uh (ue wrongs which ali Europe together bas inflicted ou the red aud biack races in both Americas, Weleomed to tuna wptil alter the commission of these acts by the Suglish and Duteh, and especiaily of the Portuguese ; these foreigners were then expelled trom all but Canton and ile neighborhood, ‘The quarrels of the foreign ms- ionuries among themselves were another cause of this vated. The Mongols and Manchus were lovers of sei ence and at, Several were emiment for their protection ind cultivation of ietters, as the books they Wrote, the libraries they collected, the educational aud scie wstaolishmenis they founded, abundantly attest. corningly, the early missionaries were well re ceived in the ‘Tartar Empire as any of their Chi- nese or Mohammedan subjects, ancestors—if that be a religion—and of the sages and | dominance over each. gion in one sense of | will exceed those of either Great Britain or France the word, as implying certain sentiments ot faith and | have the necessary , to the Deity, Meanwhile, specific re- | Great Britain and France now derive froin us ‘There | is at present no great navi; burning of incense in the shape of gilt paper, and con | sticks; the | cts of taste being as | hus; the houses of | of *‘Shetio . The | patest luxuries served on the tab'es of the rich,are,Ist. | ATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 1, 1845. of the government , and consequently is rose a6 high and as rapidly in the service of empire as Mr. Gallatin did in tris country. Two Marco Volo and Gubillon, were made ambassadors, others cabinet counsellors, and others again were called to various high offices in the State. The missionaries likewise made converts by hundreds of thousands, But then there grew up among those missionaries controver sies on points of fuith. They were argued warmly, nay, furiously ; the converts were drawn into the dispute ; civil commotions ensued, followed of course by foreign interference. At this, public jealousy was aroused, nia- tiveism became the fashion, and all Buropeans were ex- pelled from China. Here is the reason why sovereigns, wise, intelligent and liberal us many of the Chinese mon: archs have been, have refused license to Christianity and Christians, while they have tolerated all other religious. I believe the sole motive for their expulsion was, and the only reason for their continued exclusion has been, to avoid internal troubles and prevent domestic convul- sions. The American and French treaties have changed this. Letthe christian missionaries, reintroduced into China by those treaties, take warning from the past, and beware of substituting quarrels on petty sectarian ques tions, in place of the propagation of those great truths of religion, which are common to all the followers of the Saviour! A word uponthe propects of China under the new aspect of foreign relations, and I shall have done The Empire is opened to foreign commerce by the Eng: lich treaty —it is opened to foreign literature, religion and cultivation by the treaties of America and France. The effects of the chauges which these measures will produce, must necessarily be gra dual and slow, because of the immense mass of men to be acted on, as well as because of the character- istic fixedness and immovability of their customs, man. nersandcharacter. Ifthose effects be peaceful, ‘if th change be tranquil, then great and universal will be th benefit, Butif otherwise, ifthe Chinese people be ren- dered warlike and torn by political convulsions, they will invade India, overrun Central Asia, and penetrate into Europe as they did under the Tamerbeg and Geng- his Han. To the United States the result will be of pre- | United States not to be | eminent importance. We are now second in amount of commercial intercourse with the English alone, and se- cond in amount of missionary and other influence only to the French. Our futuro secures to us the ultimate pre- Belere the close of the lifetime of the present generation, the population of the United States, and with it our commerce and productive arts, We staples and metals for China, which nd in fur nishing which they cannot long compete with us. There ing power in the im- We are destined to be that power ve predominant influence in Asia a: well May we prove worthy of our high destiny, mense Pacific Ocean and then to ha as Europe. | in the wise use of those transcendent faculties, for good mination of christians, The principal temple near Canton | or for evil, which Providence has placed in the hands of the United States of America ! SienoyGan.—This is a village on Lake Michigan, Its plot is elevated thirty or forty feet above the level of the Lake and river, has no marshes or deep rav fill up, it boing already well graded by uature—affording a commanding view of the Lake as far as the eye can reach, Vessels can be seen fifteen or twenty miles dis tant. In regard to the marine, it gives the following as belonging to that place—steamer Enterprise, 109 tons schooner Rainbow, 120; Pilot, 59, and sloop Friendship, 49 tons. Land speculators are advised to keep away, bnt mechanics wd laborers are much wanted. Every man who has any pretension to being a carpenter, 6: | even to handling an axe, can find plenty of work | there. Masons, mechanics of all kinds, teamsters. all | will find ready employment. ‘There is also a good opening for a brickmaker anda tanuer. ‘To give ad- ditions interest to the place, tne whole Sheboygan | river affords from ten to eighteen feet fail, three miles west of the village, and a saw mill is now in active ope | ration there. The water may at any future time be eosily | brought by a race-way to the back part of the village. | Three miles farther west, or six miles from the mouth of | the river, there is fifteen or twenty feet more fall, which already highly improved. Here the pleasant village ygan Falls,” is situated, in which are two saw mills, a grist mill, a circular saw, for cutting lath, and other valuable improvements. Four extensive White Fisheries are inactive operation on the lake shore, in the immediate vicinity of the village, and plenty of room for more. Large numbers of that great delicacy, the white fish of Lake Michigan, are caught and barrelled there every year for exportation, together with Macki naw Trout, weighing 10, 20, and 30 pounds each. Plenty Sheboygan river for five dollars per thousand. It pays a handsome profit to ship it to Milwaukie, Racine,South- port, and Chicago. stport —We are indebted to a slip from the Eastport Sentinel for the particulars of afire which took place at Eastport on Monday night The following are the particulars :—“ The scene of con- flagration was the block of wooden stores on Marke! wharf, owned by B B Leavitt, and occupied by Wm Chompson, A Tucker, A Kk. Bradford, B. B. Leavitt and David Perkins, merchants. The fire was first dis covered in the second story store occupied by Mr. Thom son. The total loss was about $12,000. A considerable portion of the stocks was saved. David Perkins was in- sured $2000 on his stock, and $600 on wool, which covers | his loss: Wm. Thomson was insured $2000 which covers | his loss. BB. Leavitt was insured $3000 on the baild- ings, and $1400 on his stock. His lo s was much greater. A. Tucker, Jr , loss $800, and is fully insured. ‘The lose on liquors under A. Bradford’s agency is stated at $ and is supposed to be without insurance. Ali the insur- ance was effected at the New York offices. It is some what singular that this fire destroyed almost the only block of store h was spared inthe conflagration of 1839, and that the causes of both are equally enveloped in obscurity. Murver Most Fort axp Diasouicau.—A most atrocious and cold blooded murder was committea in this place (Crockett, Houston county, Texas) on the evening of Monday, the Sth ult,,a little ufier usual sup: per time, on the person of Charles Henry Nelson, the clerk of our county court; leaving bebind, in unuttera ble distress, a wife still in her teens, and two small chil. dren. The perpetrator of this hellish deed was a man named Robert T.Gage, born in Geo.,who lived the great- er part of his early youth in Green county, Alabama, resided afterwards in Holmes county, Mississippi, and came thence about 1839, to Harrison county, 1 From there he removed to Fort Houston, in the northern part of this (Houston) county, thence to this place; per haps about three years ago. About a year since, he and his family left this part of the county, and we learn wen! back to Mississippi. Last spring he suddenly reappear ed among us again, having resided a sbort time previow in Liberty county, as we understand. He brought « smail stock of dry goods, &e. with him, and uad beer engaged, up to the time of doing the deed, in mereautile pursuits, Gage is perhaps alittle over 30 years of age between five feet ten inches and six feet high, sparc made, red or sandy hair, his beard quite red, and ‘a good deal of white in his eyes, and a notorious braggadocio wherever known. Ail expenses, anda There reward will be given toany person apprehending and delivering the murderer to the sheriff of this county. Mr. Nelson was a native of Maine, near Bangor.—Five Citizens of Houston coun'y. Moke or tae Workinc or tie New Postrace Law.—Subjoined 18 a comparative view of the pos- tages at the several otlices named below, showing the difference inthe postages for the quarters ending the 20th of September, 1844, and 30th September, 1845:— 3d Qr. id Qr. 1815, Deficit. "1814. Philadelphia, Pennsylyania,.....$19,799 StL 84196 Loussville, Kentucky ae Las 2,606 Savanuah, Georg: oe JAH 2,316 Niagerscown, Ma ae 2635 Lowell, Mass,... 1,388 36 Buugor, Mae. . . 1,042 333 Columbus, Ohio... 484 340 Po.tameuth, NH 585 ar Watervliet, N.Y 213 7 | Allegheny, ua ” Chilcothe, € 426 49 Cireteville, Ohio, 286 166 Cooperstown, N. nm 177 Fort Towson, Avi +130 109 Jackson, Mississippi... . 362 412 Dotdhicss ere + $28,808 22,621 51,432 In these dozen or more places, it is perceived that the deficit isa little less than one halt, There is one feature in this, however, thats not alittle smgular. To an ex- treme point, Fort Towson, in Arkansas, tor instance, the docrease is not nearly so great as we expected it to be. Anorurr Murper.—We find the following ac- countot a murder committed in Green hasslilh ‘Ohio | on the Lith instant, in the Washingtonian :—William | Smith and Hiram Hozier, citizens of Green county, were | returning from Jeffersonville to Jamestown, and on the | way passed a bumber of movers who had pitched their | ) by the road side, Smith and Hozier stopped at the | camp, und being somewhat intoxicated, perhaps, began | to blackguard and insult the movers, one of whom, John MeLung, ordered them to ride on or he would whip them both. They did notdesist, however, but as he approach ed they rode forward some distance, hitched their horses | to the tence, and procured clubs, and as MeLung came | up they both fell upon him, and beat him in a most brut manuer, fracturing his skull. MeLung lingered till three o'clock next morning, whenbe died. He was from ireonbrier county, Virginia. The perpetrators of this bloody deed were bound over, in the sum of $500 each, to appoarat the next term of the Court of Common Pleas to answer te the charge of murder. | t | Nathaniel Toleration for ali | Kirkiand was heard for the defendant New Man, Argancements, “o.—As we noticed some Weeks since a contemplated change in the | transportation of the great Hastern Mail, we are now | enabled to inform our readers that the arrangements, as we then detailed them, have been made. The mail ix now Continued to the terminus of the Georgia Railroad instead of leaving it at Covington, and is thence trans ported torough West Point Gnstead of Columbus) to Chebaw, thence by our Railroad to this place, ‘This will complete the schedule from Augusta to Mobile in twelve hours loss than formerly, Our office here bas been made a distributing office in the new arrangement, iustead of Columbus, Ga Our river isin noble erder and pertectly alive with steamboats, Goods landing, drays rattling, meichauts receiving and unpacking, ladies shopping, speculators thinking, Cunosity sturug in every direction. Is this Montgomery or New York !—Monigomery (dla) Inde pendent, Oct.2. Surneme Court, Oct. 29—No. 82. Henry Cog- gill vs. Daniel Leavitt, Prest. &e. Mr. No: eluded for plaintit. ‘Ihe people, vs. Jar Vr, Brady was heard forthe deiendant, Mr forthe people. Mr. Brady was heard in reply mpkins et al. ads. Joan Runi of good pine lumber can be furnished at the mouth of | Interesting Particulars of the Murdered Bemate in os! From Boston Mail, Oct. It seems that Maria A. Bickford, formerly Maria Johu- son, came to this city, from the town of Oldtown, a few miles from Bangor, a few years ago, and obtained a situ ation ina cigar manufactory, near Boston, where she worked very industriously ior more than @ year. She there became acquainted with Bickford and was married tohim. Accident soon after mtroduced her to one of the most depraved of her sex, whose meretricious ornaments dazzled the unsophisticated girl, and in an evil hour prompted her to violate the sacred oath of marriage, and & train of intemperance, blameable to both iusbaod and wife, led the misguided woman to sacrifice the invalua- ble principles of virtue and her own honor, for the purpose of ministering to the too common wants of her sex in dress, and fiaally led to a separation She was then thrown upon the wide worl, bankrupt in character, though rich in beauty, and her walk became with the courtezans of the city ares/!y sacrifice to gold Her youth, her beauty, her personal cliarms, «ere often subjects of admiration, and these were so nicely blended with a native modesty, that had not yet been eradicated by vice, sel }om betrayed to the passer by the character Which vice was stamping. Her acquaintance with Tir- rell, we learn, has b2en upwards of a year, and during that time she has had the reputation of being his mistress Jntemperance soouer or later is the sure follower of incontinence, and it was eminently 60 in thiscase. This vice added to others, aud assisted by a passion naturally resoluce, and an impulse unweening, produced upon the deluded one a certain degree of recklessness, and an un- | fovernatle temper, Which daily grew more stroog. It Ted her onto the very brink of the frightful precipice of | utter degradation and ruin, and there, if we may judge | from what we have heard and are authorised te state, re- | solution determined her to pause. This purpose was | fixed upon another event in nerlite, which renders her unhappy fate still more mournful ‘A young gentleman | who had known and loved her in the days of her youth and innocence, and who had been lost to her for many, many years, saw her recently, end the old love, that love whose fire had nearly gone out, was again rekindled in his heart. He made frequent visits to the house where | she lived, and although knowing her history, was wil- ling to fergive the past, and to become her husband. Everything had been arranged for their marriage, it b ing settled that she would remove with him to his resi- deuce in the western part of New York. The most con- vincing proof of sincere repentence for past errors hail been recently manifested by Maria; of late she seldom went out during the duy or evening, and scarcely any one was encouraged to see her. Her purpose of mar- riage and removal from Boston was often talked of among her several acquaintances, and afew days before the deed of death was committed, Maria left her boarding- | house in the afternoon, the last time that she ever was seen in the streets, and made purchase of a new dress and a number of little trickets, which she showed to one | of the girls, and stated that she was tired of the way she haa been living,and was resolved that her tuture life | Should atone for her past follies. a Mrs. * *, dress maker, in Washington str with an order thst it might be finished in one week These facts were narrated to us in the presence ofthe deceased, corpse. Herdishevelled hair and her torn and lacerated body, and the strange disorder of things near the bed, gave evidence of a dreadful struggle between life and death. A little distance from the bedside was a small work-table, the drawer of which wa: biting several rings and trinkets worn by her the day be fore; and uponthe mantel were arranged with the mos! scrupulous neatness, various costly articles of perfume ry and cosmetics,used to add something to the attraction ofthat once beautiful person. A small uper trunk stood of letters, which appeared to have been but recently re ceived—several of them were addressed to Maria “* jan sigued, “An Affectionate Mother.” There was another bundle tied with a piece of white ribband,a part of which | were post-inarked Boston, and the others New Bedford and Providence, and addressed to “Maria | ton, Mass., in haste!” Several of these were of very re | cent date. Upon the wall near the bed were hung atium. ber of prints, in neat gilt frames lows, yet wet with blood, lay a daguerreoty pe miniature of the \eceased, excuted by air. Plumbe,” It was take: ina riding-dress and cap, and looked uncommonly lovely and innocent. filled that breast, now scathed by the element of fire | Who knows the joys, the promised hope, that revealed | itself for future life, and whispered to that closed and doomed heart, peace aud good tidings of great joy; that id, “Be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven! ¢o and sir no more” She was the victim of jealousy and revenge and he who committed the bloody act, cannot go un unished M We have more facts connected with the recent histo ry ofthis girl, with which are several letters, which we shall publish another time. Mr. Bickford, the husband of the unfortunate fe Bangor on Thursday Varieties. Connecticut who has a p a capital anecdote is told. ir of twin daughters of whom They both attended the same the master to recite 2 lessen in geography which she hai all. The teacher who was getting quite out ot patience. moment the twin sister sprang to the floor unobserved and pushing the delinquent scholar to her seat, took her place. ‘The master proceeded with the questions, which were answered with a Gegree of promptness and accura- % which, at the close, drew forth from him a few words of commendation, The joke was not discovered by the teacher until some days after. Of course it was too good and successful to occasion any offence.—-Bostor Limes Dr. Douglass Houghton, State Geologist of Michi- gan, was drowned near Kagle River, Lake Superior,dur- ing a violent snow storm on the night of the 13th inst He had four men with hi two of whom were als¢ drowned. Most of his papers were saved. Up to the time our ioformant left that region, October 21, his body had not been found Dr. H. was uearly ready to make his final report, and close his labors, which had occu. ned him for the Listeight yeurs. Although ayouog mar Dr, I, had acquired a very respectaole rauk among th scientific men of the country, and bis & qualities endeared him to @ large circle of tends aud acquaintances,— Buffalo Adv. Captain Thomas Duling, who has been under trial for the last ten days an the U.S. District Court, charged with serving on Ooard the brig Washingtou’s barge on the coast of Africa, while said vessel was engaged in the lave trade, and of usin can crew and his American papers to cover suid trade was yesterday acquitted by the jury which the prosecution originated, Was, that he was com mander of the vessel, sold her to a Portugese slave dea ler, and that shortly after he had relinquished command and gone on board of another vessel with his crew and papers, she sailed from port with a cargo of slaves for Bahia in Brazil. The American Consul at Bahia had the matter certified home to this government, and the case resulted as above stated.—Phila. Ledger, Oct. al. We received at our counter the other day a cent having on it the following impression, “Vote the land free.” advocates of which seem to have adopted this device to keep it before the peopie, and thus make it current.— Kinderhook Sentinel. The Governor of Georgia has issued his procla- mation, ordering an election to be held in the third Con- gressional district of that State, on the fitth day of Janu ry next, to fillthe vacancy in the twenty-ninth Con- occasioned by the resignation of Washington John Cook, a painter, of Wrentham, about 45 years old, and having a wife and five children, eloped with a Miss Forrest, of the same town, ten days ago. Itis said that a reward of $100 is offered for his apprehension —Boston Post We see by the New Bedtord papers that the Rev: Ephraim Peabody of that town, had been invited to ac- cept the pastoral charge of King’s Chapel in Boston, with anannuai salary of $3000 The Petersburg Republican announces the death of of the Rey. Andrew Syme, D.D., aged 92 years, the old. est clergyman in Virginia. Hon. William Mutchell, ot Nantucket, declines being a candidate tur re-election to the State Senate. John McAuley, an only son of honorable parents, and a graduate of Princeton College, died in the Orange county, N. Y., poor house, on the 2ist inst, aged 58 years. He is said to have been a wit aud humorist, and the love of company aud diink appears to have been his ruin.— He was in the army during the last war. The resignation of the Mayor of Boston has been productive uga world of trouble. Legal opinions in great quantities have been taken as to the mode by which the city shall be extricated from its difliculties. “A city with no mayor is worse than a church without @ bishop.— Philad. Key ‘The citizens of Savannah have appointed eighteen delegates to the Memphis Convention, and requested the Governor of Georgia to appointtwo er more delegates from the State at large. The indictment tor lib | against Ex-Governor Thomas is expected to. be tried during the second week of next month at Washington, The curiosity-mongers anticipate a rich treat on the occasion. Hon. 8. 8. Prentiss has been admitted to practice in Louisiana, by the Supreme Court now sitting et Ales. andria, Rowwery axp Promrr Annes on Thursday evening a young man —About 7 o'clock g with a dark patch upon one of his cheeks anda black sick handke chief tied over his mouth, doubtless to uctas a disguise went into the jewelry store of Mr A. Given in Broad way, Albany, and under pretence of making a trifling purchase, seized tour valuable geld watches and mai off ‘The alarm was instantly raised by Mr. G, and Chase given to the scoundrel, who was arrested in James street by Mr. Jusoph Wardwell aad vir, Dodge, a clerk in the store of Prayn, Wilson & Vosburgh. Part of the stolen property was found on him, He was handed ove to Justice Cole, When arrested he refused to give his name. He stated that he came trom New York to this city on Weduesday ira Pr.cAvELPHiA.— We cegret to learn that the Rev Join MeDoweil, D. D., long and favorably known to our citizens, as the pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, has recently resigned his charge ot that church aad congregation.U, 8. Gazette, Oct. i ‘The dress she sent to She lay before us a ghastly and bleeding partly open, exhi- beneath the mantel, in which were discovered a bundle postmarked Oldtown; and one was written in language the most endearing and refreshing to the soul, aud Johnson, Bos- and over one of the pil- Who knows the thoughts that but a few hours before who met with so tragical adeatharrived in this city from SPEAKING oF ‘I'wins, we know of a farmer in | school, avd not long since one of them was called up by learned very imperfectly, and in fact could not go on at | was called to another part of the room, and just at that | tunable personal | the American flog, tie Amen- ‘The grouad upon W< think this squintsa little at Anti Rentism,the | aged 15, about | wrice Brooklyn Oy Intelligence, Axormrn Br yA parcel of scoundrels have lately set themselves to work to make burglarious de monstrations upon the law off of Brooklyn, unwisely supposing that there is even a remote probability of their labors being attended with pecuniary advantage, One or two such foolisu attempts at robb have already been reported in the Heraid during toe present week, and we have now to record another. On ‘Thursday night, the office of Messrs Rockwell and Martense was entered by thieves, who forced open a desk, and (mirabile dict) succeeded in getting some articles, valued ut abont eighteen dollars—including some wearing apparel be- longing to a clerk in the establishment—with which they made their escape Poriee.—An infamous scoundrel}, calling himself Ro- bert Hambridge, who has been for some days in the hanit of insulting females, was brought up yesterday morning, by a young married female named Sarah Monroe, charg ed with pinning up her dress from behind. Feeling the prick of the pin she rnshed into a neighboring house, where the rascally conduct of the iellow was exposed. She also charges him with pursuing her two days after- ward, while 11 company with her sister, and catching her by her heel. {tis said that he is guilty of insulting various other females. He is committed to jail, to stand further examination to-day, when it is expected that other complaints will be entered against him Rumorep Winoract.—There was « report in Brook- lyn, yesterday, that a wealthy individual, formerly @ resident of New York, who recently died in New Or | leans, has bequeathed an immense tor une to be divided as follows : $500.000 to the Baptist Bible Society, and 100,000 in equal shares to two sisters, who are at pre | sent at service in this city Arremer to Steat.—On Thursday afternoon, Mr. Langworthy, who owns a dock at the foot of Gold street, discovered a man in a boat commuuicating with one on shore by signs ; and baving his suspicious aroused, caus ed a Watch to be kept during the night. Yesterday | morning, about 4 o'clock, two barrels of flour were seen standing on the wharf, and a couple ot men looking tor acart to take them away. On being told by the watch that be would provide one for them, they both fed— leaving their booty behind The barrels are marked thus; “Erastus Sparrow, Erie Mills, Black Rock, Ohio wheat.” They also left a boat at the wharf, which is a long, six oared raft, with a green bottom and green waist with'a red stripe. Also a piece of junk and one bar of pig iron. Owners are wanted for all these articles. Wuic Meeric,—A large and respectable assemblage ot whigs took place at IMil’s Buildings last evening, to make arrangements for the great political contest which is tocome olf on Tuesday next. it is expected by many that the Native American candidates for Assembly and Senator will retire from the field, and, if so, the whig | party will stand a good chance of triumphing over their more formidable opponents in King’s County Sait, Saranies—The narrow-minded and indiscreet economy practised by the constituted authorities of Brooklyn, in relation'to some of their officers, may be guessed at from the fact that to the hack and eab Inspector is only paid the paltry annual sum of $50, notwithstand- ‘ing that his duties compe! him to travel three or four | times every day of the week from Catherine to Fulton and South Ferries. How, or io what manner, the mem- bers of the Common Council expect the arduous labors imposed upon this individual to be performed for asti- pend so contemptible, is a question whick even the most learned and ingenious of that august body will find dificult to answer to the satisfaction of those who look - | for order aud regularity among the community of t | whips.” . Natiovat Rerowmers—This curious and medley + | class of politicians were to hold a meeting in Brooklyn \ last evening, at a pluce in Fulton street, to resolve upon such meastires as would best promote the success of - | their candidates for the Legislatuve; F. C, Treadwell # having been nominated for Senator, and James Clark, of Brooklyn, and Samuel D. Mills of Williamsburgh, tor Assembly. WiLLiaMsncn.—Som 1 the landed proprietors of this town, have commeuce: good earnest to build upon their farms and fields tere long this now small and unimportant place will become one of the large cities of the Union. A few unsophisticated and very credulous individuals have been led into the belief, that Broeklyn and Williamsburgh are to be anpexed forthwith. The proposition is too palpably absurd for the credence of any sane person, as Brooklyn already stands too proudly pre-ewinent over its comparatively small and obscure neighbor, either to desire or cousent to such a union. House Raisine.—This science has obtained much re- pute in Brooklyn, and those whoare actively engaged in its practice must be realizing large fortunes, il the busi- ness be as profitable as is generally represented. The | great increase of stores demanded by the continually accumulating population of the city, has induced the owners of many private dwellings to’ raise their build- ings, so that warehouses and shops may be placed be- | neath ; and so rapidly is this operation now performed, {| tata single week will, in some instances, suffice to metamorphose a whole block of houses. If some of these *! House Movers,” as they etyle themselves, would visit the European cities, (where their peculiar handi craft is unknown) they would, with proper industry and | application, inevitably become eminent and wealthy men ENFORCEMENT oF OxDIxaNcrs.—The most violent po- litical opponents of the present Mayor of Brooklyn con- | cede to him greateredit for the determination he has nuthifested to enforce a recent ordinance of the Common Council in relation to removing swi public. | streets. Ifthe same worthy and esteemed functionary » | will use equal vigilance, and exercise a like fearlessness | in carrying out the municipal regulations which inter dict the use of the side walks for the extibition or stor- age of merchandise and other marketabie commodities, he will render to his constituents, and to the public gen | erally,a service which they will not hereafter be un- mindful of, or ungratetul for. Detention.—The train over the Long isiand Road, yesterday morning, for Boston, was detained by the breaking of one oi the springs of the locomotive, about 50 miles out. They were overteken by the accommoda: | tion train, which pushed them along af © -low rate, until | the damage was repaired, as the cars went along. This | detention would prevent the passengers from reaching | Boston until alate hour last evening, aud prevented the ‘train from Boston reaching Brooklyn until half past 4 | o'clock. Fike —-Another larg fire cocurred in the pine woods on Long Islaud, on Thursday last, and continued through the night. It was supposed to have escaped from a cual pit, or from some person shooting in the neighborhood. it ran some miles and it would, it was supposed, reach the country seats of Henry Hone and Samuel Strong, in which direction it seemed to be steering It commencea about two miles from the railroad, at Farmiugdale, so that on this occasion the cuarge will not rest on the rail- road company. Gaear Have.—The Long Island freight train brought in on Wednesday, among other country produce. eight | and a halt tons of bass taken in one day by three fishing | companies. | _Topacco Crov.—We have recently been much, gratitied with e sight of some beautiful samples of | segars made trom the Florida tobacco of thiscrop. In | coior and appearance they are similar to the best Nor- mas and Kegalias that are now in such high favor with the smoking communit, We have tried several, and can say without hesitation, that in flavor, they equal any of the Spanish Segars, that command such high prices in the American market. Age is all thatis wanted to make them received as such. 8 the cultivation of this pro- duct bids tair to open a profitable avenue for the ener- gtes of our agriculturalists, we sincerely wish for its Successful growth. This is the first year that the plane ters of East Florida have cultivated it extensively. The season unfortunately, has been an unfavorable oue, but as those who have ctutivated tobacco, intead generally, we believe, to have their crops manufactured into se- gars, they will reap an ample reward for their labor and perseverance during the experiment. Those who have examined the growth of tobacco throughout the State, pronounce that of East Florida, to be superior in strength, color, and flavor to any they have seen in other sections of the Souta.—S¢. Augustine News, Oct, 18. Common Preas, Boston, Oct. 30.—PRrick or an UnconsumMatep Courtsntr,—in the case of Jane Millay against Charles H. Sawin, of Shrewsbury, for breach of promise, the jury this morning returned a verdict for the fair plaintitl, giving $300 damages. The conversational part of the courtship occupied fifteen | hours, which at the time were deemed and taken to be | the pleasantest part of two November days. Twenty | dollars an hour, hovvever, is a higher price, probably, than the defendant expected to pay for his portion of the | enjoyment. It is supposed that he is worth about $1000, | and, if it should turn out to be so, the laity will get her “thirds,” without the inconvenience of having had to marry and bury a “poor fellow, with but small tulents,” as he described himself in one of his letters. The b vity of the oral intercourse between the parties w mirably and wittily handled by Charles R. Traia, Hsq | of Framingham, who was counsel for the defendant, | Referring to the former connection of the parties with the society of Brother Himes, he maintained that this in- terview was only a communion of the saints on celes~ tial topics, and could have no reference to a tinion in this world, J.L. English, Ksq., on the other side, thought that Sawin’y desire to bo “united in -heart and hand” with | Jane, and “to grasp her alfectionate hand,” in winter,had avery terresteal twang No exceptions were or char He took a huma de en to Judge Merrick’s rulings and common sense view |tio Lawrence, of Rye, Westchester county, New York, has been arrested for the murder of his wite Phebe, to whom he was married last June, and who was found dead in her bed on the 17th inst. Her desth had evident- {ly ‘1 produced by a gash cut in her arm with a razor, | Which Severed the arteries aud caused her to bleed to death. ‘The wound appeared to be inflicted inthe gar- ret, Where there Was much blood, anda bloody razor and hammer. ‘The stairs, parlor, bedroom, were also bloody, but the bed was not. Noother mark of violence | was found about ber, and the Coroner's jury found @ ver- tof suicide ; nevertheless, Lawrence has been arrest. | ed on suspicion of having murdered het Fine iw Tavwtox —We learn that a fire broke } out im the Engive house connected with the Facto- | ry known as the “Brick Mill” owned and occupied by | Charles Richmond, Eq The engine house was de%- trojed, and also the interior of the factory, with the ma- chinery, &c. Loss estimated at from 39 to $40,000. In- | sured at one of the Worcester offices, $20,000. We re- | gret to learn that the loss will fall heavily on Mr. Rich mond, who is well known aa one of the most enterpri siug citizens of Taunton, ond had just completod all his business arrangements for the approaching son Boston Transeript, Oct, 30.