The New York Herald Newspaper, July 27, 1845, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD New York, Sunday, July 27, in#d. SS Tia. nan Progress In the Vinet enth Century —steam=The Rails oadeThe El.ctric Tele~ srapi—Frer Government. Walt the dust flies thick and suTocating is Pounsylvania aveous, and the Union assures u upoa its sacred honor tia it has nota particle cf iuterest in Texas lands; whilst the posterity of per servering green grocers and meritorious washer women dispute delicate questions of precedence a sultry and swarming Saratog1, whilst proscribe: and disappoiated men growl their threats of ven geance againet Mr, Polk, and Cabinet minister: form crafty schemes of future triumph and success ful ambition; whilst learned savans discuss wit! truly seieatifie obscurity and blunder the explosiv quilities of saltpetre; let us for a few moments tur aside from the toiling, squabbling, and noisy crowd dismiss for an hour the questions of the day, aad re view some of the evidences, which on all hand crowd uvon us, +t the progress of mankind in thy Present ceatury. The journuli-t who understand his duty, and the true friend of his race in every spheres will often delizht to revert to this subject taking fresh courage as they behold how bravely the work of huwan pre s goes on. When we look bick fifty years, and contrast the present condition of the etvilzed world with tha which it then exhibited, we can hardly recognize in both eras the existence of the same race. Every wiere we see the marks of a mighty and universal | revolution, In government—laws—social life—eon - merc —manufactures—in every department of hu- mn life we are presented with the tokens of a great and beneficial change. A new life appears to have | been breathed into the masses of mankind A new power has grown up in the eivilized world, before wnich the haughtiest and most despotic dynastie: have been mide to yield—that power is an intelli gent public opinion operating through a free pres: The criminal codes of the most important nations o! Chrietendem have been greatly ameliorated Hu- manity and common sense temper in greater anc less degrees legal enactments, and barbarian cruel ty no longer reigns supreme in the temple of justice Ta soci | lite the revolution has been immense. The comforts and conveniences of life have been multi- plied to a vast extent, and the luxuries and refine. me's ofa high st ite of civilization, no longer mono- polized by the few, are daily diffused more and more amongst the many. Commerce has increased t such an extent—has allied to itself so many and_in- fl ential interests, that it has changed the whole po lizy of kingdoms and empires, banished war, and is rapidly uniting all the nations of the earth into a brotherhood of peace and mutual interest Waxt hive been the chief agencies in this great and blessed revolation? Foremost aimongst them we must name that wonderful instrumentality of hum un ingenuity and labour—steam. The steam- e@ igine his been the great reformer of the century. Ut has multiplied the results of human effort to an indefinite extent. It has annibilated space. Jt has overstepped the hitherto insuperable boundaries ot | nations, and brought far-separated portions of the | ewth into immediate juxtaposition. Jt has opened j up innumerable new avenues to the enterprise and energy of mankind. It has earried civilization and enlightenment to obscure regions, shut out for ages from th» light of day. Spreading outlike a vast net work over the whole surface of christendom, rail roads are accomplishing in one year results which would hive been well deemed the harvest of acen tury in the yonngerdays of the world. Toa young. energetic, and wide spread country like this—so fertile in undeveloped resources and comparatively thinly populated, this great agency of steam has ben of inestimable value, merely in its application tomodes of intercommnnication on lind and water Bw in another, perhaps still more important field of labor, this instrumentality of steam is destined to produce in this land results of a magnitude which cannot even be imagined. The United States will one day be the great workshop and manufactory of tie world. Every species of mineral lies beneath oursoil. Millions and millions of acres are capable of prodacing the most important staples of clothing The time is approaching when within our borders w> szall elaborate all those fibrics which we now import from Enrope. Then wili all men speedily behold the transfer from the “isles of the sea” to this hemisphere, of the power and glory of the earth. The cotton bile and the spinning-jenny will eureesstully fight th: bytt'es of America. Buta new element of mysterious power has re- ce tly been called forth to facilitate and render sti’ more glorious this work of human progress. That 1 the subtle and wondrous agency of electricity — Al eady it has heen subdued to the service of man, and daily, obedient to our will, works before our eyes, wonders at which the men of past generations would have stood aghast in superstitious horror.— Swift as the winged messengers of heaven it con- veys intelligence from place te place—outrunning the winds,and startling even the philosopher by the sub- limity of its unerring operations. To a republic like ors; not like the petty principalities of ancient times confined to a small island in the ‘ watery waste,” o: a paltry province,but embracing within itsextend ed arins one of the great divisions of the earth— such an agency as the electric telegraph will ulti- mately prove one of the surest safeguards—one of the moet faithful and serviceable of allies. It will consolidate the whole people into as compact a mas: as the population ot the crowded city. A promptitude and unity of action will be by this means infallibly secured—heaven thus contributing fresh and power- fal influences for the perpetuity and spread of our glorious republican institutions, In viewing the progress of mankind during the present century, it is impossible to overlook the won- derful advance that has been made in the ecience of government. The French Revolution, like aterri- ble explosion in the darkness of midnight, startled the mind of Europe, and the masses awoke from the slumber of ages. That brief but memorable era,so crowded with great events, passed away with all its horror, anarchy, tumuit and blood, but the seeds then sown have been ever since germinating in the soil of the old world, and stimulated by the influen- ces shed upon them by the Western republic, they are now fast ripening to a glorious harvest of deliv- erance and freedom. All over the civilized world the gladdening omens ot the approach of the “ lutter day ” of universal liberty, meet the eye. Vast re- gions of the earth, too, which had been effectually barred against all approaches of Christian eiviliza- tion have now been thrown open, and the close of the century will show the myriad population of ©! na delivered from ancient moral and physicul bond- are, sharing with their fellow men the blessings of liberty and knowledge. Such is a hurried glance at the progress of our race. | The prospect is indeed full of hope. And all ha been the work not of your visionary retormer—not of your idle theorist—not of your association of | t natical philanthropists—but of the steadily advance: | ing ivtelligence and wisdom of mankind. Tae ja- triot who in any land struck ut tyranny—the sags cious legislator who repealed a bad law and enacted &@ good new one—the merchant whose enterprise sought out some new shore—the patient man of e-ience—the faithful and fearless publie journalist— the intelligent freeman, a guide and leader amongs' the musses—all have united in this great work of progress. We of this land occupy the right of this | advancing army. Letus see to it that in all things— ia eivilization—ia scienee—in Jiterature. |. low subjects on the other side of the Atlantic. Canapa—Povicy or THe Goverxment—Conple TION oF Tue Pxopte.—We not unfrequently heer :ysual allusions made to the annexation of Canad: o this country, in the clever offhand manner ir which that of Texas has been accomplished. Those who do so, intend to be facetious, in many cases : ‘ut we believe the practicability of annexing Canad: is very often spoken of with great sincerity by «ut ect zens. Ti the event of a war of long duration i would be, it must appear to any rational observer, w perfectly natural result to see Canada Possessed’ by his country. But those who admit the feasib: ity of supplanting British authority there, must not ne- cessarily regard it as a work of great faciluy. To pronounce a correct opinion upon the projet, it :e- quires the possession of a knowledge of the physica features of that province, of the character, the tone and temper of the inhabitants, the: influences, loca ind general, that operate upon them, Annexing large section of the earth, such as Canada,is not don: in a day, nor without encountering delay, and diffi salties of various and unexpected kinds. Eve: Texas is no exception. How many years hav dlown since that country first was put on the track— its destiny the bosom of this republic. How slow! it moved, what obstacles it met, and how uncertsi: betimes seemed its ultimate arsival at the final des tination. All this took place in a case in which bot parties were willing to bring about the movement were disposed to operate and pull together ; and yet at the pre-ent moment it is not universally acknowl edued that Texas is a part of this Uaion, Doubts certainly upon technicalities do suggest themselves to some minds as to the real position of Texas ar present, and they are not few who even now woul siv that she 1s still a distinet and independent re- public. One thing at least is apparent from all this; the annexution of one country to another is a trou’le- some undertaking, even under the most favorable circumstances. How much more so then must it be, when cireumstances are adverse, when at least one of the parties to the project is unwilling. Such an illustration appliesto Canada. Its inhabitants are not in the condition the people of Texas were, wher they came in collision wlth Mexico. A few years azo perhaps there was a visible analogy betwee: them, when at least the half of ihe population of Ca nada felt a s‘neere hostility to their rulers, and woul: have been glid to change its connection for any other without being very particular about the terms, Since then, however, there has been a reaction Owing to a variety of causes, there is a remarkable r2-action among our northern neighbors. The dis- putgs that kept bad blood alive between the French rice in the House of Assembly and the British mi- nority, came to a crisis in 1837, and expended their force in an impotent iusurrection. Leaving the right and wrong of the question out of sight, it must be ad- mitted that the cause of the majority was budly mana- ged, and that of the government with energy and saill. A partial appeal to arms was disastrous tor the hopes of the people, and they were left but one alter native—to endure defeat in sullen silence. It is notorions to ull who have been among the French people in Canada, that for three or four years atter the events of which we have been speaking, they were highly exasperated against the British gov € nment, and itis also true that this feeling was great ly aggravated by prejudices founded in a difference of race and language. The habitants notonly hated Bri- tish policy, but they hated it doubly because adminis- tered by those who wer+British in blood, language and religion. Noire religign, notre langue, et nos lois, was the cherished watchwerd of the French, and ir tothis day. It was the power of the sentiment con= tained therein that kept and has continuedalive thei portizanship, and it will be the greatest difficulty to be overcome by whatever government is in future to rule them. Those who talk of annexing Canada, seem to overlook this greatly. While there was « strong tendency in the Canadian mind to look abroad for help and sympathy, the confidence re- posed by them in the people of the United States was never strong, their hopes of succor never sanguine, simply because of the existence of these differences in laws, language and religion. A large portion—by far the majority of the Canadians never forgot, even ‘n their wrath, that a sacrifice of their dear national- ity would follow a political union with this republic, and have made up their minds that it is better to bear the ills they have. than fly to others that would b> equally hateful tothem. All this was quite ap- parent to the government, and its policy has been adapted thereto with success. Since the death of Lord Sydenham, who came out as Governor-Gen- eral with extensive powers, and who made great mistakes in its application, the policy of the provin- cial administration has been modified graduully, but ste idily, so as to conciliate the French. Sir Charles Metcalf assumed the direction of affairsby several acts of marked liberality; indeed to such a length did he go that those who were denominated ultra-loyalis ts b-oke forth in clamors and violent denunciation of the authorities,and persevered in the most unscrupu lous opposition that has ever been seen there. Upon his death, which was greatly deplored by the people of the lower province, the present Governor arrived His previous public career was in his favour, and he was received by all classes with a hearty wel- come, but with a degree of repressed suspicion. He had a hard task before him, to please both par ties. A short time showed that his policy was not fully approved by either, but latterly he has suc- ceeded to*soften asperities,fand give a better tone to Theatricale. Parx Tueatae —To-morrow night will be repre- sented for the fourth and last time the eplendid oper: LaJuive. We would recommend to those wh: have not yet heard this opera, to go and hear it o once, as the music and singing are such as to remv aerate them for their trouble, as has been well prove ‘yy the applauses and bravis of three numerous an: tashionable audiences. To the array of talen brought forth in this opera, we would mention # another inducement, the beauty of the sceneries an. the splendor of the dresses. CastLe Garpen —Few places offer greater in Jucements to the lovers of musie and fun than thi felightful Garden. The entertainments nightly draw very large houses. Herr Cline, and* Messrs. C. T Parsloe, and Dennison, with Miss Pray, will be utded to the overtures to Le Dommo Noir, Li Preine de Chypre, Fra Diavolo, &c. &c, offer to ‘o-morrow night avery fine bill, and will be attende: gain, no doubt, by anumerous audience. Vauxuatt Garven.—To-morrow night, the loey one of the season, Mr. De La Ree, the popular sing- +r, will take a complimentary benefit, on which ve ession he will be assisted by several very popular artists. A series of entertainments in the way oi dancing, singing, &e., &e., will contribute to th amusements of the evening, which will be conclu led by the astonishing feats of young Francisco, the Fakir of Angelina. Patmo’s Tuearne.—Next Wednesday night Mr Champlin will take a complimentary benefit at this public feeling in general. At the present moment Canada is, 12 a political point of view, more quiet than at any period within the last twenty years, and those who would calculate on the co-operation of its people toeffect a union with this country, would find themselves mistaken. Without any refzrence to the; admitted inferiority of monarchical instita- tions, no other subjects of a crowned head enjoy more liberty and protection than the Canadians Religious freedom prevails, there are almost no taxes, direct or indirect; they enjoy a species of monopoly of commerce with the mother country ; | a great annual expenditure of money takes place in the payment of the army and the construction of military and public works ; their cities are protected by an efficient police; their wharves are covered with merchandize which is pnrehased by the con- sumer 40 per cent cheaper thin here; the credit of its merchants and commercial classes is un bounded and stable ; and in fact, the Canadians are participators in all the advantages derivable from a connection with a rich and powerful country, and exempt from nearly all the evils that affect their fel- To talk of an annexation of Canada with the consent of its people, at present, seems to betray an ignor- ance ot these facts; for, to assume a disposition on the part of those who possess those advantages to forego them, and in doing so to do violence to well- known and deep grounded predilections for a mo nirchical form of government, would not be even plausible. We presume that none are so foolish a: to advocate a forcible annexation. Were the coun try ten times as valuable, it is a question whether i would not be dear at the cost a war for its possession would surely entail Mitatary —The Hartford Light Guards, Captair T. H. Seymour, left here yesterday morning for Hartford. The New Haven Greys, Captain Tolles, had a parade at 11 o'clock yesterday morning; they went to the Exchange, and thence to the Buttery. ‘This isa fine-looking and well-drilled company, and is composed of very gentlemanly members., Their ap- arts—in commerce—above al) in tree government, we persevere in maintaining that post of honor. “Sranci is tHe Man!"—The National Intelli- gencer has a mortal column and a hall,or thereabouts, demonstrating from a reterence to that useful com- modity, starch, that the present prosperity of this country is entirelyowing to the whig policy. So then, may exclaim, in the memorable words o! Brammel, revealing the secret of hie incom- parable cravat" starch is the man !* pearance was very much in their favor. They left last evening to return to New Haven, and were escorted to the boat by the Lafayette Fu- tine house, in which a great variety of euiertainiments will be offered to the amateurs of iheutrieal pe: for- nances. Among the artists engaged for that even” ins, we my mention Miss Mary Walton, who wil appear for the first time as Pauline, in the Lady oJ Lyons. By referring to the card in another column, the reader may satisfy himself thatthe bill is such as to call upon,his patronage, and we doubt not that the performances will be very well attended. The Shakspeare Soctety at London, have been put in possession of highly interesting poetical. tract 'y Robert Greene the dramatic cotemporary of Shak- the author who charged him, in 1592 with a plag' which, until now, has never been hear: Tt was written on the death of Sir Christopher Hut on, in 1062, exactly a year before Greene himself ex ured It consists only of about twenty pages, and it will ve included in the volume of * ‘The Shakspere Society's tapers,” now in the press. ‘ Henslowe’s Diary,” con sisting of meworanda of that cld manager's theatrica: actions between 1590 and 1610 (a most interesting ‘iod in connection with the Ie Shakspeare end his works,) is ou the point of being issued to the mem- bers. Jndge Conrad, who is now rusticating on the At lantic sea-buard, it is said, is engaged on anew dramauc work—~—a comedy, we believe. Mr. Maywood still continues to be successful in Montreal and other parts of Canada. His new pieces il- lustrative of Scottish character are highly extolled. The Buffalo theatre is ina full tide of success There has recently been produced at this house Knowles’ excellent drama of the “ Hunchback,” with Mr. Jamison as Sir Thomas Cliflurd, Mr. Mason ag Master Welter, aud Mrs. Hunt as Julia. Mr. Mossop’s ‘eddy O'Rourke is highly spoken of. Mr. Potter’s equestrian company are exhibiting at Detroit. IMPORTANT TO THE Crows.—A most affecting dis- cussion in the New Hampshire legislature, the other day, relative to the passage of a bill for the whole- sale extermination of crows, terminated by the casting vote of the Speaker, in favor of the black Native American republicans. It was stated in the course of the debate, that the crows actually “ picked out young lambs’ eyes.” Webb and Bacon had better then keep out of New Hampshire. By the by, how stands the interesting quarrel between these innocent lambs? Mevan iy Inve ‘NcE.—The Richmond En quirer telas us that “premature old age is coming over the State of Virginia.” We rather think that ih» awful calamity is settling on the Enguerer. The Old Dominion” is sound, healthy, and hearty as ever. These lackadaisical lamentations about the decay of States—the awful wickedness of the times—and the unutteradle horrors which are fast approaching, are worthy only of old woman and Rev. Mr. Cantwells. Rocuester, July 24, 1845. Steeple Chase for the Rochester Post Office—Tre- mendous Excitement—Indig nation at the Con- duct of the Jockeys and Backers— Fires, &c. The week past has been one of intense excitement among the democracy of Rochester. In it, has been decided one of the severest contests which it has ever been the fortune of our citizens to witness — The steeple chase for the Post Office, which com- menced immediately after the Presidential election, last fall, has just been decided in favor of a spirited- race. His bickers having the fullest confidence in his speed and mettle, entered him for the purse at a late day, although he had been privately fitting for some time. His competitors had been in full train- ing for several months. Gen. L———, Capt. S——, and A. K A , were early entered and in good urim, and until the ‘field” reached the winning post, it was supposed that one of these would take the purse, but in this, as in all contests of this character, very many were surprised and not afew disappoint- ed. J am but little conversant with matters of the “vurf;” and might commitsome errors in the use oi terms, We., so | will leave a technical description of the race to others better able to do it justice, and sive you a brief account of it in my own way. The first heat occupied nearly the whole of the winter. Five were entered, of whom two be- came faint by the way and “gave out.” This state ot things encouraged two others to offer, viz:—the spirited one, and J. W. F. The “field” still consist- ed of five, and the contest began to awaken consid- erable interest. That the patrons of the “turf” abroad may know something more of these noble coursers, I will give a short description of each:— Gen, L——,, a fine animal, 153 hands high—dapple grey, lean in flesh, but being of Southern breed,was thought good tor a scrub match, but rather too old ind infirm for along race. His backers were prin cipally Virginians; but few bets taken in this vicini- ity. Capt. S——, 15 hands high—color chestnut —old hunker breed—quite lean, and in rather poor condition from an injury received between the first ind second heats, which put even betting on him out of the question. A. K. A » 15 hands high— poney breed—color, bright sorrel—in good flesh ind condition, and will be a formidable antagonist when a lite older. His backers were the young democracy, and as his first keeper is an experienced M. D., it was thought, by dint of training, he mighi bear off the prize—tree betting with odds in his fa vor. I. F- , 4 noble animal, the handsomest inthe group—full 16 hands high—cotor, brown— tull, flowing black mane, and in fine condition, with amore thorough training, would have been good against the “field.” Considerable betting. In. his sir at the loss of the race, he immediately com- mitted matrimony. Last of all, the favorite one of ine day—the successful one, 15 hands higy—hivht bay color—Bunker Hill breed—in good condition. but thought of too great girth to run well. He was rode by Jockey Sam, of Ohio; weight 400 ponnds, and upwards. The only bet taken was a half pint of Wolcott’s best to a penny grab of segars. To the urprise of all, and the dismay of his competitors, he zained the second heat by half a head. His friends saw that such a tremendous backer as Sam would ose the final heat—so he was posted off “home where he belonged,” and Recorder G- » took he saddle on the last heat—gallantly distanced «very thing on the course, and the judgee, (Cave Johrson, of Tennessee, and —— Medill, of Ohio,) immediately dee ared in his favor. Seriously.—There has been « desperate struggle here for the Post Office among the democracy, and it was supposed that when the question was settled and an appointment made, the polities! cauldron would settle down and be quiet. Not so. Henry Jampbell, Esq, an extensive liquor dealer, has re- ceived the appointment, and when the news was re ceived here, there was one of the most tremendous com:notions in the democratic camp ever wituesseds The consternation of the Philistiues of old, when Sampson eent the foxes and fire brands among the. stanving com, could have borne no comparison to it, The whigs “say nothing, but langh.” Anything that creates dissension in the loco ranks, acne y grist to their mill.” Some good jokes have aire: oeen perpetrated at the expense ct the appointee. Rochester is determined to be a great place, and dave aname abroad. Scarce a week passes but the papers of the country are called upon to reeord the uarticulars of a “disastrous fire” here, and searce # Jay jusses but we have a fire, or at least a false seliers of this city. Sexiovs Loss.—We regret to hear that among the property consumed by the fire in this city, were | the plates of the splendid work of Audubon. the or aithologist. It is supposed that his loss will exceed | $15,000. Teis the more to be been as the edi | Won issued was very limited, ey were the re- | sult of years of patient labor. slarm, and a little smoke, The fire in Front street last week, was one of the severest which has visited as for years, destroying mach valuable property,and came near laying waste the best part of the town.— Jause, incendiarism. Besides incendiaries, we vave piek-pockets and burglars in abundance. "The odgers at the [Eagle Hotel had the “light weight” of ‘heir wallets taken by some person unknown, one tight last week, One individual jor want of sullicient proof he was discharged arrested, o Atteytown, N. J. July 26, 1845. Excitement in the Village—Odd Fellows Meeting. Allentown isan ancient town, situated near Bor Jentown, a few miles distant, containing 500 inkab ‘tants, two churches, two blacksmith shops, and tw: loctors; fortunately, no lawyers, Most of the peo ole are farmers, and at this dry season are deeply flected lest the drought will destroy not only thei abors, but their anticipations. Yesterday was a-great day for the people, such a: Allentown has never before seen. The Odd Fellow: f this place, wishing to dedicate their new Lodg: toom, just finished, invited their brethren trom th: urrounding country to meet them on the occasion Accordingly, great preparations were made to make the affair as good as possible. The day came at last snd the old and young, male and female, ull color and classes, came rushing into town, from great dis ances in the country—more wagons were in tow: han on any previous occasion. At 11 o'clock th: srocession moved from the lodge room, preceded by «band of music trom Trenton. The arrangemen} iad been such as to reflect great credit on the Com nittee of Arrangements,a certain M. D. being chair aun thereof. After passing up and down the mai road, so that all might behold them, they proceeded o the jront of Hendrickson’s hotel, where a stand 1aving been erected and seats prepared, the assem bled concourse was addressed by Stacy (. Potts £sq., of Trenton, and P. MG. Perry, of Pennsy! vamia, in exposition of the principles of the order — Not having seen Mr. Potts before, 1 was most agree- bly disappointed in his appearance. His address vas a beautifully written piece of composition,grace ully delivered, containing rather more of the orna nents and poetry than are usual in such addresses The subject y. He was tollowed by Mr. Perry, in a clear, con cise exposition of odd-fellowship, its duties and ad. vantages. He took occasion to reply to the objec tions usually advanced aguinst the Order, and to vin {icaie it from the “‘malicious attacks of ignoran' men.” The town is divided into two parties, those in fa- vor and those inst the Ord wages warm, and much feeling is created. Whether the aifuir of yesterday will dave a tendency to har monize the parties, remains to be seen. The towr was crowded with ladies, whose smiles threw ove! the assemblage a most agreeable feeling of pleasure A young lady presented the Lodge with a wreath of roses. One thing, Mr. Editor, must be mentioned, as re- Avcting great credit on the morals of this place.— Notwithstanding it was a great holiday,and so many persons were present, not a single act of disorde’ oceurred, nor was a glass of liquor sold at any place xo much for temperance. A Jew pedlar, in town lid rather a driving business during the day in the sale of his goods. He thought, it was a good spec The weather has become quite cool; and now those who a tew days since sought the coolest plece to be found, now seek for the warmest. Thermom eter, at noon, 79 degrees. Saratoca, July 25, 1845. Fashionable Affairs at Saratoga—Peep into Para- dise. I see your excellent paper every day—but in vain look for your Saratoga correspondence. What's the matter? Eh? Don’t you think there is life and gaiety enough for you to have a correspondent sta- tioned here ? If not, youare mistaken. Saratoga ir the same place it always has been, anda devlish sight better. This watering place was never more attractive than atpresent. Hundreds are daily arriving, and the different houses are fast filling up. The United States is all alive with mirth, gaiety and revelry.— Here all goes lively as a “marriage bell.” “ In- trigue at this house is the order of the season—in- trigue commercial—intrigue gambling—and intrigue Adam and Eve, are worked aitnirablythe whee} ot fortune whizzes round and round, and he 18 the luckiest fellow that gets the highest prize, or taster the sweetest sugar plumb. The U. 8. is the fash ionable house, or in other words the house of fash jon. lydaughter hanging on his arm, promenading the plazzain lorcly strides, assuming the airs that wealth is always supposed to give a man. If the wealth is honestly acquired it is all well enough; 1 obtained cishonestly the assumption gees for nought The sting of a guilty conscience seurs the boson ind harrows the soul, and leaves no peace of mind One may retire from the busy hum of a city anc svek peace of mind amid the beautiful groves of Suratoga—butalas ! even there no content is to be found. The summer wind, as it sends its whisyer ings through the forest trees, speaks in a voice ot thunder to a guilty conscience; the bubbling waters proclaim itto him, and the enchanting music of Ole Bull's violin lulls him into momentary forgettulness, only to awaken him again in increased misery o! thought. Here may be seen the fortune hunters, gamblers, musicians, barbers, steamboat Captain: body servants, hotel Keepers, milliners, cooks, and lottery ticket peddlers, all in a conglomerate mass. consututing to the eye of an observer the most “metiry crew” the eye ever beheld, or the human mind can eontemplate. Ole Bull, the violinist of the age, gave a concert last evening at the U.S. which was well attended. Among the distinguished persons present we re- Bee his Hcnor Chancellor Reuben H. Wal- worth. The weather here is quite cold. ‘ The Expiosion Again, May it be asked of your correspondent “C.” how ED, different “explosions,” or ‘instantaneous combustions” he supposes an individual mass of gunpowder would make when ignited? Does he suppose it would make two orthree? It he does, he shou‘d have stated such supposition to complete his hypothesis of yesterday as to the explosion at Crock- er & Warren’s store. It must be apparent that if ar undivided mass of gunpowder would make but one explosion, an undivided mags of saltpetre converted tnto gunpowder, in the manner he argues, (which i+ very plausilbe) would make but one explosion. Let it also be inquired ot “C.”’ it the presence of saltpetre in thatstore proves conclusively to his mind the ab- scence of gunpowder,manufactured otherwisethan by the process he supposes? One might be led to believe it did, from his article or yeseruay) To my mind, 3! brings nosuch conviction, for [ do believe it poss: ble that both might have been there atone and the same time. The facts, as stated by eye witnesses, and others, are sufficient to satisfy any one that not only saltpetre and the other articles contended for b “C.” were there, but gunpowder also wasthere. It is admitted on all hands, that there were two or three different explosions. As I have asked above, would “C.’s” beautiful theory account for more than one? Not as he has stated it, at all events.— Add to the fact of the several explosions, the thsti- mony of (I think) the foreman of No. 22 fire engine If I recollect rightly the language of the card tr which I refer, “the air (previous to the explosion) seemed filled with burning balls of saltpetre, which were rene constantly thrown out of thr burning iets e the constant firing of a ship’: broadside.” This appearance was while the sali petre was burning, and we may suppose caused py it; and Lam inclined to believe that the facts of it being burning in that way, tends to diseredit of 11 self the supposition that it wus the saltpetre causec With these facts, let us suppose ¢ the explo-ion. case while this burning (*‘ would call it explo- sion by particles, [ suppose) of the saltpetre is goin: on, Gad presenting the appearances described), th: fire® reaches a keg of gunpowder, which we wil suppose to have been there, and it explodes, and by means of this explosion some thirty er forty othe kegs, which we will also suppose to be stored there and they very naturally on being opened and finding themsefves in such company, go offtoo, and take the whole street with them, scattering the burning saltpetre, and spreading the conflagration in every direeuon, as did the explosion at the late fire There, you have my theory—compare it with “ whose 1s the best ? “C.” evidences a good mind, and a better heart but he ehould write caretuily.’ Everyuody’s judg- ment is not led astray by their feelings of pity for any one. If he wishes to arrive at a just conelu- s1on, instead of considering all that salipetre might do, under every suppositious concatenation of cir cumstances, he should sausfy himself as to whether or not it coud, in all human probability, be a credi- ble story, thit saltpetre was the cause of the explo sion (or Cel pcomaend at the Inte fire. He should cor- sider his theory in connection with the facts of the case, and observe its application No theorizing however—indeed, nething will ever silence the complaints of any reflecteng mun in the community unless Crocker and Warten bring torward. living witnesses, who knew the contents of their store, and who wiil swear that there was no gunpowde there; and till they do so, mony will notice th omission, and each draw his own conclusion, Cc. 8. New Mexico —The Independence Expositor has a letter from Taos, New Mexico, of May 10th; the writer says “Since | last wrote to yous Martinez, the late Governor sont by Santa Annato plunder New Mexico, has hee removed from office by the new Central Adminitration, ind has departed with one hundred thousand dollars in his pockets, the proceeds of a single year of extortion Jose Charves, acitizen at New Mexico, a clever wn plausible man, is hie successor, Oharves is himself friend of annexation to the United States, and sch i now the general feeling an et the wealthy and jnfly ential citizens. as tas heretolure been the case with the general population The writer rays that the cattle trate hax heen entirely esvroyed by the Indians, that a few “lutelligent Ameri: cans” would soon rouse the inhabitants, and that the pola diggin thie season in the neighberhvod of Senta "@ has yielded 120,000 of grains, some Jumps of pure m tal having equalled $500 in value. was the tendency of the princi- vles of the order to universal benevolence and char!- The battle often Here may be seen the millionaire with a love- welling ne brisk yesterday as here not so bri os fore. There Sit, neve’ theless, ficient to au the ho els, altbough not as usual, to overflowing. We foun: he following en the American—R. C. ‘nseud, N.H.; H, L. Lansing, tice 3A; H. Newcomb, Louisville; Thos, C. Gale, N.0.; C. J, Battell, Indiana; W. L. J.’ French, N. 0: Ohio; W. B. M ; Smith, Ellier, and P )G. Gardner, Salem; H.H Gansevoort Melville, Newport; ‘T. D stewart, Mobile; HG. Andrews, Boston; Caleb Jones Richmond; Mr, Moorhead, Ohi 5 Rutle C 8. Be August ). W. Wheeler, Est ige, Dr. Carey, Alabama; A johnson, Buftalo; §. , Charleston, P. Hammon. Crry.—Gen, Van Ness, Washington, D. C.; R. P. Camp 4 H. Blake, Boston; Hiran . Cassady, Chicago; James and Bryan, Arkansas; J. B. . liston, Richmond; N. Stusevant ny, —JIno rillipe, N. 0.; W. A. Hill, Pittsburgh v Ir. Drake. How ap—Aloyson Newton, Washington; Mr. Hamil ton, Baltimore; Mr Arnold, Cumberland, H. Matthews, dswego: Benj. Meyrich, d.; R. Bull, do; Thomas Miller, Hudson; R. Bull, Philad.; 8, Winslow, Pittsfield; Louis Sturgeon, Mobile; Rev. Dr. Boyle, Boston. City Intelligence. Fins—Yesterdaymorning, aboutd o’clock,the chemica! works of Mr. Bowing, Thirty Second street, Tenth a aue, were discovered to be on fire. The building had » quantity of phosphorus and other combustibles of a like astare, for the manutacture of matches iu hich inv d the whole range in fla ‘ity of vessels, worth about $2 each, des- royed, together with all the meter sstablishment. Fortunately no other bi tached to the premises, or they would ha’ adly heen destroyed. ' The loss sustained by } mg will be about $1,000; and that of his foremai had some articles he building, about $200. We un lerstand the premises were not insured. 8rate or tHE Buunt Distaict.—The work of cleariny away the rubbish, and digging out the goods whic) save been covered over, still proceeds with vigor. Vast quantities of damaged articles, carpeting, flannel, &. Xo., were belay or sold at auction both on the ruins and in William ud Pine streets. Several of the wharves ilong Front street were cevered with dama, " spread out to dry, which we understand will be conver edinto brown pi Notwithstanding the vast quantities of water which have been, and still continues to he let jome parts, that the steam ascending from aper 8 of the cellars in Broadway, will scald the naked vand, The bodies of Peter Mi and his wie, who per ished at Ne. 48 Broad street, have not yet been found although the greater part of the ruinsof 48 have been re noved ; the ill-fated old couple were coming down stairs it the the of the explosion. They were both natives o! he North of Ireland. No other bodies have been found ip to this time. Caution to THE Pusuic.—Large quantities of coffee which have been damaged at the late fire, have been put up in bags and barrels, and are sold ali over the city The Dune should be on their guard, least any of this burned stuff should be imposed upon them mixed wit! the good article. Marxets.—There was yesterday an unusually large show of beeves tor sale along the North River wharves signy of them were in prime condition. Tue Streets.—We are sorry to be obliged again to ‘all the attention of the authorities to the filthy some of the streets. Hamilton street for in: strewed with heaps of ashes, Jersey City Intelligence. Fine.—At 3 o'clock yesterday morning a destructive fire broke out in the fron Foundry of Mr. Savory, Har- simus, Jersey City, which burned with such rapidit that before t! ngines could arrive the whi uild- ing, together with a stable and dwelling house, were in ‘lames. The Foundry contained a quantity of material tor casting, together with a large stock of patterns and tools, which were all destroyed. The stable had some valuable horses in it, which were let at liberty the mo- ment the fire was discovered, but a quantity of hay and straw and other feed was consumed. The dwelling house also shared the same fate, with most of its furniture. The vill not be less than $6,000, of w! @ small por- insured. It is believed to be the work of an incen- tio’ diary. ' Honoxen Ronurny.—Fridaynight about 11 o'clock as a man of the name of Christopher Davis was proceeding home to Wehawken, he was induced to accompany two negroes to the Elysian Fields, who, taking advantage of Davis’ incapability of defence, robbed him of some t sugar, and a $5 note. He says he knows one of them, and that he resides with aman ef the name of Bergen, about one mile from Weehawken, against whom he has lodged information. The other fellow was uaknown to him. Police Intelligence. Pouce. Orrice, Saturday, July 26 —Efficiency of the New Police.—The new and able corps are daily growing in public favor. They are making the most extraordine- ry, novel, curious, and important arrests ever heard of. They will not follow the advice of Dogberry, as pro. posed, and steal out of the company of a thief—recol- tecting that “they who touch pitch will be defiled”—but filled with the importance of their office, must go out of ir way and arrest harmless citizens, for the purpose ing their authorit; dactivity. The last case er Mount, of the old police, was quietly pur- suing his way through Walker street, one evening last week, he was accosted by a couple of the new police- men, and the following dialogue took place : Po.icemen.—Where are you going—what are you Joing ? Movxt.—Talking a walk. Pouicemen—(in a very dignified manner.)—Who fre ou? Mount.—l'm a police officer. Poricemey— (looking very suspicious.)—What are you doing with that club (pointing to a small stick which po- lice officers generally carry.) Mount (in a quiet tone.)—That’s my business. Pouce) (after consultation.)—Well, you must Come along—no resistance—to the Sta- in house, ‘And £0 they rudely forced poor Mount to accompany them to the Station House in the Tombs. When they got there they seized him and attempted to drag him side the bar. Capt. McGrath, however, immediately ordered them to desist and let their prisoner go. Po.icrmen—(somew hat excited.) —But he’s got a club. Cart—Well, what of that ? Pot nN.—Why, its as: ought to be looked into. Cart.—Go about your busin And so Messrs. John Gilligan and Charles Gardner, somewhat crestfullen left the office Officer Mount made complaint before Judge Ingra- ham, wno issued rrant for their arrest—ordering them to be held to bail in $2000. Burglary.—The house, 136 Liberty street, was entered yesterday, and four silver watches, $29 in bills, and a $5 gold piece taken. wissault with a Bayonet.—John Connerly was arrested charged with inflicting serious wounds with a bayonet on Frank Hughes, 351 Cherry street, which were pro- nounced by a physician of a character to endanger his life. Petit Larceny.—Hannah Williams was arrested charged with stealing a wrapper, value $1,50, from Hester Levy, 30 Orange street. Grand Larceny.—Thomas Smith was arrested charged with stealing silver spoons sud'a silver lover witch trom Charles J, Hopkins, 25 Allen street. An owner is wanted for the property, enquire of Capt. McGrath. Stealing a He Henry J. West was arrested charged i alue $1, from Minord S. Thrasher, ming our privilege, and Stealing Handkerchicfs.—Wm. Pomeroy was arrested sharged with stealing handkerchiefs, valued at $7,765, from William P. Hall, 69 Nessau street. July 26.—Before John Wise Surenron Judge Oakley.—-Habras Corpus. ought up on @ writ of habeas corp § circumstances :—Prisoner it appeared was standing mathe steps of the Azpress office, when an attempt wa lieged to have been mace by a party named Jackson to summit e larceny, by ing with a pair of scissors, the socket of a man who was standing by. Mr. Masou (of counsel for prisoner) contended that the ulleged charge against Wise was that of merel) tanding by ; and, therefore he could not be implicated +8 & particeps criminis, and that the a‘idavits dit not set corth any thing fartuer than an “attempt” to steal, an of ence not embiaced in the statute unless some overt at ve proved His Honor Jupce Oaxcey after hearing Jonas B. Phil- lips, eq, Acting District Attorney, in reply, dischargeu whe prisoner. Common Pueas, July 26,—Before Judges Ulshoefies and Ingruham.— Decisten: Mathew Marshall ads, 0- herine Lyons, executriz, et, al.—New trial granted, cost to abide event, Ke. Reuben Gurnell ade Frederick McCann.—Judgment for plaintiff on demurrer, wath liberty to defendant tw amend, &e. S. B. Peet ads. Alecander H. Wallis.—New trial de nied, with cost P, Wake ods. W. Loar eel of Referees set anide, costs to abide the event ; and either paity allowe within ten days to charge reierees in default, cause to ve referred back to former retereas, Surreme Court, July 24.—Present—The Chici Justice, and Justices Beardsley aud Jeweut. No, 25, Morgan ve. Thomas et ul. Decision post- oned. *°NO. 358. The People vs. Nugent, alias Dyer. New trial Jened by default, and proceedings remitted to toe Albany General Sessions, with duections to proceed to . Curtiss vs. The People. Conviction below reversed. No. 8 (A reserved cause.) Coonley'vs. Coonley. New trial denied. ) Veeder va. Wilkins. No. 4. (A reserved cau sion postponed. No 23}. (A reserved cause.) Wilbur vs. Brown. New trial denied by default, No. 68, (A reserved cause) The Peoplo ox. rel. God: win, va. ‘Ihe Mechanics’ Institute of the city of New York, Argued by Mr. Livingston for the relator, aud by dr Blunt tor the defendants. Mr. Livingston will be ward in reply to-morrow. Adjourned.—Utica Gaaette, Deci- Tim Gur Squaprnon.—On the Mih instant, there were lying in the harbor of Pensacola eignt vessels, posing the squadron recently stationed in the Gull the frigate Potomac, the sloops-ofwar Saratoga aud St, Mary’s, the brigs Sumers, Lawrence nnd the stean yen, Taylor, To thi slowpsof-war and twe eton and Misniveippl, Cyane and Maven. loops: A portion of this fle will be at ti jal wid Cif J t which are about starti to Texas; the mated will preceed down | cruise in the Gulf umtil jons between Mexico and this country assume a more peaceful aspest. ‘The Mutual Insuranee Companies. Mr. Eprror :— In your :paper of Zeserday you state that seve- cal pereons have refused to pay their notes given to the Compania in order to enable them to le sin bu- siness. The reason they give—vou say—is that are uninsured. It will not answer. They gave their notes in the usual manner—for value received. 3ut, if they can get eat: of paying their notes, will hat save them from bearing their hroportion of the osses which the Company will not be able to pay ‘rom their available assets? In fact, can any word- og of a charter secure them from their liabilities as seneral partners of each Mutual Insurance Compa- iy in which they have insured? This question will 1ow probably have to be tested. Tn connection with this subject, it will be well to ook at the little security furnished to the assured, if he above should not be the fact. The several Mutual Insurance Companies that rave suffered by the late fire have now lett from $75,000 to $450,000 each, which, in many cases, in- ludes a large amount of notes such as the notes in yuestion. 2 “ Not one of said Companies have less than $2,000,- 00 at risk—most of them much more—probably several have from 10to 15 millions. Except in one Jompany, (the bret the amount at risk in com- varison with their capital, is as 30 or 40 tol. That s they have nominal assets of one dollar for every 30 or 40 insurance. If in addition, the notes are to »e repudiated, what security have the assured, if it ye not a general partnership concern, Pratuora. ASafety gainst a Gas Kixplosion. _ T would suggest the following as a preventive rom the explosion of gas, in gas houses or gavo- neters :— By having a chimney built in the yard of house of gasometer, or convenient thereto, with a large pipe leading therefrom to the chimney, with a ‘ock or valve on the same to connect with a Wrought ‘ron pipe of same caliber, to be conveyed to the top of said chimney. Should buildings in the neighbor- hood, or even the gas house mins fire, by opening she valve or cock on the pipe leading from the gas souse to chimney, would allow the gas to exca ind prevent any explosion. The chimney should be high enough, that in cage of the gas taking fire at the op of the chimney, that the surrounding property would not be endangered therefrom. Yours respecttully, A Sunscriser. Tas Waits Moustaixs.—The number of visitors to this delightful summer resort is said to be unu- ually large the present season, Tho New Mampshire Statesman says :—The up train of cars are now very full, and the northern stages crowded to the utmost capacity with passengers—a large portion of whom are for ‘he, mountain regions of New Hampshire. People who iv- tend visiting and ascending the mountains, shonld not delay their journey until so late a period when the at- nosphere becomes smoky from fire in the woods. July etter month than August. isa Tue Campen Race Course.—Mr. pet, who was seriously injured by the falling of the stand at Camden race-course, and the widow of Mr. in, Who said to have died in consequence ofthe wounds he thore received, have broughtactions for damages against the proprietor, in the Circuit Court of the County of Cam- den, The trials will probably take placo in November next, and will be looked to with agood deal of iuterest, as involving a question in which our whole community is concerned.— Philadelphia Inquirer. Navau Desratcu.—The United States brig Por« poise, Lieutenant Commanding, William E. Hunt, which arrived at Norfolk last Wednesday morning, ti 16th, at half past nine o'clo at four o'clock in the afternoon of the same d tuis time she was provisioned and watered, and reeesiv: on board sundry stores. When the Porpoise arrived was out of water and brend, and under positive orders to proceed to sea immediately. Maine Propucts.—More than a thousand sheep and lambs, together with several beautiful horses, passed up State street yesterday morning, and attracte: a good deal of attention from our city. They were brought to the city by the Kennebec steam i Maine people say they cannot keep their good hi the State, as they are imme: bought up and ted of” to Boston.— Boston in rot Cononen’s Orrice, July 26.—Epilepsy.—The Coroner held an inquest on the body of Sarah Sharkey, 40 Cherry areet. Verdict came to her death by a fit of epilepsy. sApoplery and Drowning.— ‘oroner held an inquest on the body of an unknown man at the Park dead-hou Verdict, came to his death by shiva dane in the North ri- ver while laboring under apoplexy. He was found at pier No. 5. More Fire in THR West Jersey Woops.—A fire has been raging in the pine woods, near Burr’s milis in Burlington county, some days. Tue loss in money by tne destruction of timber in the forest fires this spring, has been immense, particularly in that section of the State. OreGon —The Independence Expositor announces that another par'y of thirty wagens and one hundred mi were to leave that place for Ore; 19th w y of Harttord.— The ‘always acted upon the nie it in cage of a aweept 6 five, their ability to pay would not be impaired ; hunce, by ad- herng to this priaciie wa business of over 5 yerrs, while fe been unable to pay their loanesand osperausly. Ita 1 paid in engi the ple it wit wonad up, this Company hrs go 8 on city, »y the great fire in 1835, in t fore tey were due, of stating to those who have ad confideuce, that tt is n full and continue busines New York, July 24d, i819. their patros A.@ HAZARD, Agent, Office 89 Wall at.,coraer of Waser. Iw United States © pied by the Clerk of the U. 3. District ¢ fj The United States Marsh Rogt sikere'the docket, records, ud fles of the Court, wi att Court.—The Clerk’s wsiring searches for judgments, instead efuiv efor searches in the United Beanes ( ing’a geveral notie WHI please send distinet notices. Tuesday, July 8, 1845. AU Philadelphia Subscriptions to AxRaLD mast be paid te the onty aurnonmep A ver & Co., 3 Ledger ariiteg ‘Third street, n Verms—75 cents month, including the Sund venus withont it; delivered free of charge in uny part of Philne iviphia. Single copes formic as above, daily, at Lo’clock— Price Scents. The Weexry Heratp is alao for sale every Sycarday more. na—Price 6% cents, or $3 per auoum, delivered in any part of “hiladelphia, free of postage. ro the new aad cheap Puolications for ssie at their es 1 ad «x tnueh, perhaps, in Philadelyhin, as any paper published oty, affording avalaaile medium to advertisers, -Ad\ ervise- aunts hended to the agents at half past 4 o'eloek, will m pein she Herald next day. Medical Notice.—The Advertisements of the New York College of Medicine aud Pharmacy, vstablished for ne Suppression of Qnackery, in the cure of ail diseases, will vere ay jer appear on the fourt and {ast colamu of this Pe eee ee RICHARDSON, M.D. Agwut Office and Conanlimg Ronme of the College. % Nason st MONEY MARKET. jaturday, July 26—6 P.M. There was quite an improvement to-day in the stock narket. Stonington went up} percent; Norwich and Worcester, } ; Reading Railroad, }; Morrie Canal, } ; ennsylvania 5%, 4; Long Isiand, {; Canton, }. The sales were to a limited extent. The completion of the Mad River and Lake Erie Rail: road, connecting with the Little Miami road, extending towards the Ohio river, will open a communication be, ween Lake Erie and the Ohio river, which prom: te ve of very great couvenience to the producers of the interior of that State. The termina:ion on Loke ‘rie will be at Sandusky, and on the Ohio iver at Cincionati, The Little Miami road ex. ends from Cincinnati to Xenia, a distanceof sixty- ‘ve miles, which will be open by the Ist of Au- cust ; the work is in a state of comple ion from Xenia to wpringfield, nineteen miles further ; at that point the iad river road commences and runs to Lake Eric ad river road has been ia operation two or three ind the receipts each year show @ very fair inere: ‘he receipts from December, 1843, to July, 1844, amoun ted to $8,798 ; and from December, 1844, to July, 1845, to $ 7,665, being an inerease of $3,987, We annex asta nent showing the amount of produce, &c. transported ya this road forthe past three ye Map Rives ano Lane Ene Rariaoap. eee ae 1844. ‘Wheat, bushels. 276,411 4 » 88 21735 Ito 1% fo a 3,657 7,637 Whiskey. x a ey, 746 5,044 856 7 292 any 540 2,015 1,020 9 14,920, . 4460 2 x ‘The receipts of the road in 1843 were $24,980, and in 1444 $83,000, an increase of $8,020, or about thirty-three vorcent. The expenses of the road in 1844, were only $14,000, leaving a surplus of $19,000 as the nett profits, Vhen a communication between Lake Erie end the Obio river is opened by this road, the distance will be covered nabout twelve hours, and the tract of country through whieh the road passes is the, richest in the State, and aust givea very large amount of business, The above uble gives some idea of the extent of business a few cars will produce in this district, both in the amount of reight and number ef passenger: To give some iden of the immense speculations going nin Groat Britain in all works of public improvement, voannex a Liat of all the private bills appl ed tor during xe present sexrion of Morluanent, for which w subsorip jon contract, er wi'eitecing vo leu of a eubseription contract, has bean ce) private bill office, stating the amount of the estimate for each work, of the capital stock to be raised in each case, and the sum aw thorized to be borrowed ever and above such oaptial