The New York Herald Newspaper, August 5, 1844, Page 1

Vol, X., No, 216.—Whole No. 3816. NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 5, 1844. THE NEW YORK HERALD. AGGREGATE CIRCULATION THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND. THE GREATEST IN THE WORLD. To the Public, THE NEW YORK HERALD—Daily Newspaper—pub- lished every day of the year except New Year’s Day and Fourth of July. Price 2 cents per copy—or $7 26 per annum—postages paid—cash in advance. y THE WEEKLY HERALD—published every Saturday moming—price 6) cents per copy, or $3 12 per aumum—post- offers, 87 South street. IO JANEIKO—PASSAGE O) 1 ret cd ee only, having splendid famdshed wecommodat of ig oa Board, tore, “Yfsdotiba re SK COLLINS & CU.,%6 South street. Ex IGE ON ENGLAND, IRELAN ot EAD a3 wai atte str la ral E Seait che principal Banking Liagaivatinue throwphent tae Uateed Ki mn. oS aR DA ay 61 South at. ply to the Ci y to the Captain, gu board iyatoe agee paid, cash in advance. A Passage to and fi "ADVERTISERS are informed that the circulation of the | lowest rates by any of the line of packets sailing on the lat Gike Horald is over THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND, and increasing | tH, {6th, 21st and 26th of cach mouth, ow ap ve. fast. It has the largest circulation of any paper in thie city, y or the world, and, és, therefore, the best channel for business Hi: sid well ppones Packer Ship TORGRLO, ‘men in the city or Prices moderate—eaah in advance. | sili agtaln Griswold AGI salt soaiively ax chore, het . Ry. eee of all oi aay at the most moderate price, | ™A,e,cegimmodations of this ship for cabin, second cabin and in Oe rie RE seuiciteony steerage pessengera, cannot be surpassed. ‘th wishing 9 re berths ald not if y icati ENNETT <0 Se eS SR DRBSCORT | Proprietor or THE Henatp EstasiisnMent, ors ‘ Worthureck os ot Walter andl WWeeaix stants, Sy 30 to alore 76 South street, corner of Maiden Lane. OK Liv BKYOOL—New Line—! ular Packet of 16th Ai fast_ sailing Packet NEW LIN! F LIVERHOOL PACKETS. ship SIDDONS, Cs ‘To sail rom New YoU on tho Mh sod Livesvoul be'the Lith | Seperempres her gular sol phase cae is of each month. For freight or passage, for. aplendor ‘or comfort, apply ou board at Orleaus wharf, foot of Wall streat, or to : E, K, COLLINS & CO, 46 South strvet. Tis’ Prcuat Sie SHERIDAN, Captain F. A. De Peystr, will ncoeed the Sddons, and.call Sth Rept jysare FOR LONDON—Pachet of the itch of August — ‘Tn soled poe ship TORONTO, Capt Gris: fi wil sar nin a4 above, regular day. ape wid i potake Ship ROSC! EBhip BON Pp GARRICK, ( samen i & Ship ; by , i i ake Bae agtain BT FO nn gust, wplitiat S dO8 NHERDMAN, hey ip SIDDONS, Capmain E. B. Cobb. iith Oct N. Be from Li and London can at all Gra ants att ce oats nae at mma, | wkend an et ete or ae ae : . as uae teen ith ewesual comfort for passengers. 4, payable throughout Great Britain and Ireland, on abies dations. OF pean henge Sie deen it of their secom- me masters, every exertion to give ge fi: inst goes x thee the Captains or owners of the ships will be responsi- | tively ea as above, her regniar day. | freight or ble fe i wa ciara nae me WT om em | Sri cence er en a ie ay For rvieht oF apply to i E. K. COLLINS & CO, 5 South st. £. K CO! SME ECS Ch York, or to Ric baal “ ange #100. 1 Roya bis N, Liv By this ine may rely m u . st te ee SY re seh co ts | Soy copra ee pues ee ae be a a iJ cet ie ay 5 Capt. mt ste) Ar DeDeyster, will succeed tho Biddons and sail oth Sey mber, aud =: a5 FOR NeW ORLEANS—Packet of the 5th k Ha mors The splendid fast salle Packet Ship LOUIS, LineThe Ships of tie Line will bereafer Captain Leait, wil snl a Bee . wil i her York oH the ist and ‘Havre on the loth of cach Monthy na fo. | Eulat Se secommodations ofthis ship for eabin, second lows, via “hy a pipe ay deme pag er pore tly few Yor! From Havre, NM New Shi fr 4 board, foot of Maiden lane, or to low Ship ONEIDA, Byron . ee alg aan TAPSCOTT, 76 South sve, supeBarriMOle, "Sit Ania” Sieh Maps" "| gy Tiggegee shia Occurs wil ancoud the Lovie, tile . fuses 3p im! FOR NEW ORPEANS-CLOUISTANA- AND cos ‘Piward Funck, lat ber, @ 16th January, | FOR NE LOU <a ist May. Sines” NEW YORK LINE Hogue Packet of aubhaee rederek Hemet at iets (sea Rast iam Ras orilbpuadetely si oe akootaies ireviag Now shin Se ck is it i ai ie Pepe 4 . , Captain y, wil ively sail as al regular Ores Detol 16th November, | | For freight or passage, hi ing handsome furni POIROT oe HEC) A i solr on ta Or ae gra coe, Dining all that may be required for comfort. The price of en mi Ae % South’ street. Fin isk th rery pple eet a omnia RaW Orleans: Halen Weed 3 Site, with 4 solr Seal ‘Goods jatended for theue vessels will be forwardee by the sub- | will promptly forward all goods to their addres, ibers, orlea je ec. At any other than the expenses actually ineurred freight Or ly to. YO « AINCKEN, Age No.9 Tontine Buildings, cor: Wall and Water ats ARRANGEMENTS FOR 144, OLD eee ED PASSAGE OFFICE. ‘ee Geneseo, Capt. Minot, will succeed the Vernon and sail iB ves Jay. ERFOOL--Regaly: Pac! & the gee Wer eet t, Ps ship INDEPENDENCE, Ceptaia Nye, will sail a3 oye, her regular day. ‘faving saperior accommodations fo street, comer bin, second peste, comer of Dervoun inte toyembark ah ald jou on boar = labscriber begs leave to fatteation of lity inien rita Ne Dial in ot ine street, comer of South. Fed th gates ia ere tot fleingareomens for | map Same cy Cart, Bank, al sa on he sleet: of bringing out Cabin, 2d Cabin, and Steer | ich August, being her regular day. : age Fasseagern by the Hegular Line of Liverpool Fuskets, sui: | "Persons desirous of sending {oF thei rie Ha he tt, Ath Te Zhe ang eth of eveey month By | brought oat in either of the above rensele on any of the ‘20th—and from Lon ng othe Teh ihe Mh of each mon th. ioe pet pa sailing weekly, by applying as above, if by t jon a bur P.8. Di i i wl er es etna ogee bw cain | een a at gt, dene ‘coppered fastened ships, to sail punctually every week through: | {vo"ghout the country ; also, on Mesers. Sjrooner, Atwood & ont the year, Cor aakars, Loudon, payable in avery town in Great Britain. RNAI GARDINER AE TSU new steamer PED N- Kimball, loaves the end of F whark, Boston, pelle) iahiny " ial and, ne! Gent tata’, arate a © Tuesday i she Wexford; Belfast, ygadonderrys | crctock, Bragos will be in mead iauecastuctrisiectoabeve $s Ways ghleae, ¢ " in Pigets seoeeeeine passeagers to the neighboring towns. Enniskillen, « agban, dainbri = Parsonstown, | ~~ SUMMER ARRANGEMENT. eagle” fats, ER BEER non, NEWARK ND NEW YORK, Gooch” Rieke Be Moneymore, | rue NEW AND. SWIET GTEAMER, b rust é. Dy Fae aE ce, Bnkem Ln ots depot 5 a ” 5 * a ; i E, Haro 7, Waterloo Road; Lierpool; payable in every tows Paired as se secrete | isg A.M. and 16 P.M. Leave New York, 10.A. M, and 4 P.M. we Newark at 8 A. M, and 2 P, M. and New Very reasonable rates, foot of Barelay s! ny 10th, 1844, OCEAN HOUSE “LONG “BRANGH AND EATON: "TOWN LANDING? ‘i Steamer SHREWSBURY, Capt. J. P. orl, ll eave. Catherine Bate he abave ‘places, every ‘Tucadey, Saturday, sf 10 o'clock, A.M." Hetarning-swill leave Eaton vert in tsa el Ox Means. P. W. BYRNED & COn m6 Waterloo To, 96m*re Liverpool THE NEW LINE OF LIVERPOOL PACKETS. m F 2ork on the & > trom ae on th — 40 sail fro the 6th of each mont From New York. Apére New Ship LIVERPOOL, toe, Beet £86 | Hows, adiog, every Monday, Welaeeday and riday ati K. Ship QUEEN LOF THE WESP, May A thatoateey! y passengers waar Part ol acum eecmeme Lane Bice low Ghip ROCHESTER, 830 tons, (Sane 31 NEW BRIGHTON, PO) MOND, \. ‘ -HMON A ome eee Oct's 21 VAND,) AND NEW YORK FERRY From Pier No: 1, North River, foot of Battery Place. The Steamboat CINDERELLA, wil follows, Daly, from Ma doth ts Oetaber Lat AT TLSS ves New York at 9and 11 o’clock, A.M. Bae He : wen: eigenen to 3, and 10 minutes to righton ai 8 and 10 A. M.; at 11,5 and 7% Ship HOTTINGUER, 1030 tons, L Ira Bursley. Nw, i, ay Time sobtantiah, fost ssling, fiat lei Shipe, low York, are comman men and ability, aud will be ‘deepasched 2 month. ir Cabins are ‘with whatever can cor y experien punctually on the dist of ant and commodious, and are furnished ce to the ease ad comfort of passen: | PRT Ne ‘Ou Sunday—Leaver New York, at 9and 11 A. M.; at 3, 3 Me "Cedyes Fore Hochman, at 20 minutes to'8 and 18 A314 rs of these Ships will be respon: | at 1, 5 and 7% P. M. fg y raresls or packages sent by them, unless regular New York, May 18, 1844. mytl Gm*re ot freight or Page, aoe apd NEW YORK, ALBANY AND TROY STEAMBOAT HULL & MINTURNS, ANN an ‘ oxo New York, FOR ALBANY AND TROY.—Moming ‘¢ orto“ FIELDEN, BROTHERS. & CO. Line from the foot of Barclay stret, landing ediate plnces. bs Liverpool. | The Steamer EMPI in’ SR Captain’ S, Re Roe, Monday, , and Friday Mo Natwarmnn ee PASSAGE FROM GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. mer TROY Captain A- Gorham, Tueeday, Thurs- ay and Shranies ging ete , ai evening Line from. of urtiandt street, direet. The Steamer SWALLOW, Captai jth Br THE Prova BALL On us LINE Wednesday and Reiday Even ST ologk. en? : VERPOOL PACKETS. ‘The bteamer ALBANY, Captain KB Macy, ‘Tuosday, Tsing from Liverpool on the'7th and 18th of every month.) | Thurday and Hataiday Exening, at? ofcbok. , creams ahiog to sand to the Gla Country for teie tends | © The Boats of this Line, owing to thei cht draught of wa: make ‘arrangement yeribersyand | ter, are able at all ti angie barge Mispsof Facbets, Salling. | Troy ts ample tiene to tala the morsiae tale of sae iste cast or West. harm iperoool, passtgally om the Thang ih of a from Liverpool, puactually on oa mouth, hay will dee bar's Rest Sewers trading ships, For pasmage or freight, apply on board, or atthe offices on the wharves. ailing every six by affording weekly communication from ‘that port, the firm, (Mr. ; f ee there, to see’ that they shall be (ih Soo Do and des qs ISLAND reeey., diecilbalies FOOT OF WHITE! The Boats witt run as follows Mel tortie notice > YORK; 6, 8,910, 1, A. Ma; 1, 2, 3g" P.M. RON yt Githan ee On Sundays, every hour, from 8 A. M.to7P. M.—1 P.M. axce FORT |AMILTON AND NEW YORK. in AN LL. patch. Shoald the part for, * be, tare to howe Aik bee, without tat’ redecton, ‘The fack Ball or Old Line of Livepool Packets, comprise The OeeOn De The New «CAMBRIDGE, ‘Oise SCT Huy pgs yt and unequalled ts, the Sub- nts, acribers confideudly look forward for & continuance Of tat su port which hae boon extended to them so many years, for whic! they are grateful. i, sil ‘ ‘Suyidas teal. ac al eee gan bana ae AGRE PUNY cmt, ran thet ea HIETON AND NEW York, on the Royal Bank of Ireland, Leaves New York’ 6 A. M.; 2 and 334 P. 5 : phy TY : ing, liftons 755 A, Mi; Sh and abq PM. a 'O THE TRAVELLING PpUBLIL. PASSENGER ARAN GEM) y si “ oe c ENT KOK ise his a "OHOTL, AMES & CO. Which will be paid op demand at any of the Banka, or their Brel tn all the eaprineival towns Unroughout England, Ire- ROCHE, BROTHERS & CO. Fulton street, New York, next door to the Fult N, B.—ThefOld Line of Liverpool Ps 4 i Tat and I feels ibscribers having completed thei: are for Liverpogt on the rf ir arrangements ing to the O} a Coun ill fing fe . | now to bi Out passengers from pes tale Percriee comfort and sovace | Pola Gy toe following five claw Fockor GNion ome of which lage to sel Li ence to ‘ance, in profer- | Wit eave Liverpool on the lat, GU, livh, 10th, Bist wha 20% of each month :— OLD LINE LIVERPOOL PACKET Patrigk Henry, New York, Sheridan, Virginia, Liverpool, Cambridge, Montezuma, Siddons, Geo. Washington, Bh Li for Li Howtos” Ashverae, bi oe aaa tite neat 1 14s, uurton, a 5 chain the following order etsersin ve mers thr suiling Euro Renken Whitney, ashen, ny fallnon Buaday, the shipa will sition the succeeding days | {tdevendence, Yorkshire, Gurick, vin Fron Mews Pungen the xucceeding day, | Sainuel Hicks, Quem ofthe West, Oxford... : Tie CAMBRIDGE, rere Feige | Contifientes of passage can bo abtained, and every informPtion #4 cons ocr } Nov. | sell ge given to Chose wading’ for ther’ friends, on application 'W.C. Bartow, Feb. | Bor: 16 | ateither of our Offices. "The ENGLAND, yaane ts | nll ey, Will also be irepared, on the opening of navjgatiow, to 730 tous, ae Bee, 1 | forward pasoougery and tai Nggage to Albany and ‘roy, wud artlett, (Feb. ie zu} anal to Buffalo, and all intermediate places, ‘The OXFORD, aly 4 ae ‘ll ports of the Upper Lakes. HO tous, toes Nev... 1 4 pus 6] yy raat Com to Fyrontos Port Hope, Coburg, Kingston, and - 5 ne, are April 16 est, ‘The MONTEZUMA, Fl Whitehall to \ , Ln 1 eet 1] Ean Win Ohio Canal fom Oleveland wo Poramouh; Chace ; UM nd inter ee, ‘The EUROPE meer Tt gent if] "South West via Philadelphia to Pitsburg, my Foren) 2 | Sh. | Silleyand all parts on the Ohio Bien to SF Pai andse Oe i Bars i0, Michi . ela <A a | A ne 8 eb. 1s wisl 'B. Cropper, April 1 fave 1 the Old County, HATRDEN Con wath 1 cl. 16 any part of England, Scotland or freland, payable Y, A. Cole, tay } roy i pd pth tnd £1, £5, £20, to £100—or im any amount to Tho YORKSHIRE, (uew.)” Rope, 16 on, )FFICES AND AG’ 1030 tons, na. 16 March grass ft, 120 State street, Bostor G. Bailey, May 16 Jul B. W. Wheeler, Union Bui idence, RI. sates 5 ps are nt sarpassed in point of eleganen or 4 et Ms, 9 Walt trea ont ptresty Now York, rg pm igang in their fast sailiog: Sandford & Sho LY iladelplia. altimore, Ma, Pitaburgh, Pas niders are, well known as men of charactorand | yg. Littlejohn, 11 Exchenyes, Albany, N. Y. experiences, and the strictest attention will always be paid to bis Pet ha: Lap A tad cqnventouge of passengers. 8. Clark, 159 River onreet, roy, B wnetmality, : » N. veptare me 8 ah srs be observed a: W. A. Cook. rc, we ne price of mmasage outw nndred te Dollars for wenigh aunple. tongs of every, dexcetpeene will be Wegh Cook, duty, i" th the exception of wines and liquors, which will itahugh & Co., Oswego, N. ¥, fnrnished by the Stewards, if required, ec HARNDEN & C0. Neither the captain or owners of these Ships will be respon: = JOHN WHYTE gd a pyoes variety of Magee all, and you will fi 4 Rai aa Store No. I dy3 imtec sible for any letters, parcels, or packages Fecuar bly ot Teding ae signed therefor.” Ft ight or Far ange, apply to \ jane wat of SALAS DRS HaR SEED MS, you, ean joase ive him a Ee and Shoes, at for cheapnets, neatnens, fashion ye. betwean Tih eh any iy the city. OR CAPE TOWN, or a Port on West Coast of | Deseription of / mn Arab BARB err nae SE | PM Cathing, amenioan ae oer 4 it a fone msthen, w proceed as above, Wwe a succession of Capes betweea Ras Tar t wad Sirah eeparated from each other by little inlets -or beaches, which run back to the crotches of the , seventy-six feet high. by Hon. Caleb Cushing, American Minister to Chi: Apan, November 3, 1843. Dear Sim:—It ia generally understood that, in taking possesion of Aden, the English Government has recently acquired a very important military post on the southern shores of Arabia, nearto the Straw ot Babel Mandeb, which commands the Red Seu and the Sea of Arabia, as Gibraltar does the Medi- terranean and a portion of the Atlantic. But there are few persons, I presume, in the United Stater who have any very distinct idea of the extraordiu- try natural features of this pew strong hold of the island Queen. ‘ Ad-n is, evén more than Gibraltar, a castle of Nature’s own construction. At Gibraltar, England nus exc vated ‘or herself a citadel in tae heart of 4 lune-stoue mountain ; at Aden che has planted ker- self in an ancient craer, and sits secure within the primeval fortress formed by the lofty sides of anex- unet volcano. 4 At some remote period, anterior probably to the creation of the human ruce, certainly anterior to all history, the southerly parts of Arabia, onthe Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, appear to have been the theatre of stupendous volcanic revolutions on the surface of the earth. ‘The whole coust abouads having accommodations unequalled | With enormeus mountains ef naked rocks over which, fire having once passed, their biackened surface frequently looks now as if proot against the action al.ke of sea and air, and tnthat arid c:imate they remain f srever comparatively destitute of ve- getation. Their high peans rise over the sea, seem- tng, in their rugged outline and their dark sides aud tops, to frown defiance against inan and against ume. _ Certainly there never entered into my mind the imagination ct anything so desolate in 1s general aspect as this whoie coast of Yemen, which, if we did not know that the ancients acted in good taith inthe matter, and trom ignorance we might sup pose to have been called Arabia Felix in irony and derision. The Arabs struck nearer to the mark themselves when they gave its name of tears and sorrow to the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb. Wherever ayant REP you look you see nothing but volcanic mountains, as if the whole substance of the earth had been on fire, and had bubbled up into every capricious form, covered always with the same bluckened cinders and scoriw, From Cape Bab-el-Mandeb eastward, you pass by a succegsion of these ancient volcanoes, separated frum one another only by wastes ot paked land, until you come to what is probably the most remarkable of all, namely, the confused mass of mounuins marked in the old bas Cape Aden. 3 ‘© obtain a clear perception of the general con- figuration of Aden, itis necessary to view it from several points. On approaching Aden from the Red Sea, the voyager rounds Kas Sulhel, which is the extremity of a mountain promontory extending far out from the main land, and called Jebel Hassan; and he then passes through a narrow opening between this and another cape called Ras Tershein, and thus enters a spacious bay a miles iv length by four in width, called by the English Black Bay. “Here igample and convenient anchorage for ships of war and other vessels. The bay is formed by Jebel Hassan and the low sandy shore ot Arabia on the one side, and on the other by the promontory of Aden, which is now discovered to be com- posed of long ridges of dark rocks, covered with volcanic scorim, trom the main body of which several short spurs of extend toward tie waters of the bay, leaving between them small plains of naked sand. On one of these small eand plains are seen the buildings of a public house kept tor the accommodation of the’steamboat passengers ; and on others a few scattered temporary buildings of matting and cane, while a group of buildings ot the e description, occupied by English officers, crow! prominent height called by the Arabs Ras Marbat, and by the English, more significantly, Steamer Point. Leaving Steamer Point, you proceed by a newly constructed road, fouror five miles along the beach, with the bay on your left hand and the mountains on your right, rounding several of the spurs which come down to the water's edge, and crossing several intervening sand plains, and in one case the mountain itself, and thus come to the Paes, as it is called. During the last mile or two you find that the mountains have become loftier, and rise uy scarped and stratified in a high precipitous wall, which you approach obliquely in ascending to the Pass, where a branch of the road passes off at right angles along the base of another series of rocky heights at the head of the bay in which appear also a number of large insular rocks. At the Pass you enter ot fia unfinished gate of masonry, guarded by sipohis, into a narrow, way, partly natural und partly excavated in the rock, on emerging from which you are ushered of a sudden into the scene of @ most extraordinary spectas Before you, occupyiug the level bottom of what seems to be vast Crater, 18. an Anglo-Indian camp, composed of tow buildings of mattuog and cane, arranged in regular streets, with a few buildings ot brick or stone discernible in the distance, and the whole apparently surrounded by towering monotains, which torm its sides, and along the summit ot which, from distance to distance, you see watch- cowers and detached walls of masonry. This part of Aden is called the Camp. Itstretchee over the site of the old Arabic town of Aden, which 1s now lost to the eye in the midst of the numerous bwngulews, as they are culled, or buildings of cane covered with matting, which have sprung up under the auspices of the English. Descending from the Pass then into the Camp, and proceeding on, you come to the former port of Aden. Here, on the south-east side of the promon- tory, the natural walls of the crater seem to be broken down, so as to admit of immediate access to the sea in this quarter,ta part of whose mountain wall, however, still remaining in the form of a lofty (insular rock calledSirah. This islet affords protec- ton to Spe ancnnrare ground of the old port, which, however, isof rmall capacity, and at the same time it commands the approaches frem the sea on this side of Aden. , You pass trom Aden to Sirah on the sands at low tide or in boats at high tide, and clamber up the rough sides of the islet rock to a natural platf rm, on which is a small battery and a corps de guarde; and, continuing to ascend, you arrive at # triangu- Yar citadel on the very summit of the mountain.— Here you are enabled to add to and correct the im- perfect knowledge of the localities which you have acquired previously. You discern a great number ot ntountains, which are all eonnected together, but branch out in various directions, in the most fantastic manner, sometimes in long ridges, some- times in short spurs. Thusare formed a succession of exterior valleys. None of these are wholly enclosed, and some are ae open. Some are very small and others large. n some cases the connexion between the moun- tains is under water or covered with beach sand. And you begin now to doubt whether Aden be in fact situated at the bettom of a crater, or not rather in dhe of the irregular plains left by the singular formation of the mountain ridges and spurs. To the northeast you perceive the long line of beach which is the ‘continuation of the main coast of Arabia, to which Aden isattached. Looking over the town and camp towards the west, you find the view in that direction wholly cut off by a line of lofty mountains, called Sham-shan, which consti- tute the highest summits of the promontory of Aden. From the camp a military road leads up to the heights of Ras Kutum, which stands opposite to Sirah towards the main land, and forms the recom- mencement of the natural mountain wall on this side. This road proceeds along the heights, some- times on the inner sides towards the camp and sometimes on the outer side towards the sea, and continues around to the main pass. From a bat- tery placed at an angle of this road, towards the highest part of the ridge, you see beneath your feet a line of feld-works ou the outside, ruaning across the sandy isthmas which unites, Aden to the main iand, and which forms in continuation the beach of the Arabian shore previously seen from Sirah Going now out through the pass, and taking the toad which I spoke of as branching off to the lefi im coming to the pase from Steamer Point, you pro- owed by this road along the head of Black Bay un- Jer the lee of a high ridge of rocks, which are sepa- rated at one point soasto allow heh to pass through «nto an open plain beyond, and here you are on the oatside of Aden, upon the isthmus which connects it with the main land of Arabia, If you proceed by sea in front of Aden, you pass ‘arshem mountains, with the lofty heights of Sham-shan, band the old towers on its summit, overtopping, like a gixot sentinel, the whole of the promontory of Aden. Finally, in order to connect all these seperate y oarts, and to gain thus a clear idea of the tout en semble of Aden, it is necessary to ascend to the top ‘Sham-shea. This mountain is one thousand seven hundred and i To reach ite summit, you eave the Camp by an old paved military road, which winds up, zigzag, an acclivity several hund red feet hig! id brings you to an extensive table with occasional elevations upon it, over one of which it is necessary to climb in order to reach the immediate toot of Sham-shan. _Obdjects previously doubtful, now begin to acquire distinetnese; you perceive that allthe lower heights, the sides of the mountain spurs you have passed, and the vast table land over which you ate now paneer » are alike covered with blackened lumps and fragments of volcanic sori, you are walking continually over the heaved up cinders of a vast furnace; there is nothing but stones beneath your feet, and those stones are nothing but scori@, sometiznes jn the Serna form in which’ fire may be supposed to leave them, but more frequently in angular musses cover- ing, miles of surface. The sides of all the lesser mountains, trom top to bottom, are thus cover+d with lumps of fragment and lava Where ndeed the rock beneath 1s laid open by the puss- age of mouutain torrents or otherwise, you see that under the heaps or ledges of volcanic tufa are other solid rocks, which form the main body of these lower mountains. But you perceive that the higher mountains all around have a different appearance, looking as if composed of rough layers of rocks. }You distingu sh in the distance a winding streak on the face ot Sham-shan, which indicates the path by which your ascent is to continue. Making tor this, over the uneven surface of the table land, you come to a narrow ridge or spur, with precipitous sides, at the fuot of which another tract of paved military road commences. This road, which is itself a very re- matkable work, runs along the narrow back of the ridge for a long distance, sometimes in steps, seme- umes in long inclined planes, until you reach the side of the Sham-shan itself, up the lace and over the ineaualities of which the road proceeds, with but a short interruption, until you attain the sum- mit. In this last stage of the ascent you have been coming gradually in pout mind to certain conclu- sions concerning the formation of the mountains by which you are surrounded. You are now above the scorie-covered ridges and table lands. You see that from Sham-shan on the one side to Sirah on the other is a space of between two and three miles in length; that the sides of Sham-shan above you are stratified 3 that a continuous range of stratified rocks proceeds at a great height from Sham-shan towards Sirah on the left; aud from Sham-Shan towards Sirah on the right; that you are wholly surrounded, except at a small space adjoining Si- rah, by a lofty wall of rock, either stratified or dis- posed in tabular layers; that in their highest parts all these mountains visibly and obviously face in wards, so as to describe a hollow circle or eclipse ; that their table or strata, thoagh more or less disa- bled or dislocated, yet have a general currespond- ence and srmnetry which it 18 impossible to mis- take; that, indeed, you are within a vast ell ptical or circ! basin, whose walled sides constitute mount that from the inner surface of the walls of this basin sharp spure extend inward like imper- fect or ruptured radii, upon the back of one of which you had for some ume past been ; that you are clinging to the inside of that basin ; that ¢f the Camp ot Aden be in a crater, it is only 1n one cor- ner of, and at a lower level than, the main body of the bottom of that crater, which is more than two miles in diameter, and whose walls consist in part of the lofty heights of Sham-shan. t All these things become plain to the sight, on at length gaining the summit of Sham-shan. You stand there, within the walls of an ancient fortress, which crowns the summit, and whose walls of ma- sonry, though broken and thrown down in part, yet show what it once was. : ¥ You perceive that you are on the highest point of the promontory of Aden, so usto be able to dis- tinguish not only the configuration of Aden itself, but to embrace in the circle of vision many leagues of the Indian Ocean on the south, and on the other side the main land of Arabia, with its wide wastes of eand, its few scattered villages, and its distant mountains bounding the horizon. Sham-shan you find, though it be a peak, yet is but a portion of the periphery of a greet basin, of which you now see the outside as well @& the inside; on the inside scarped and tabled, wiih some scarped and tabled spure, radiating inward in convergent lines, but leaving on the whole a vast basin, stretching off southeastwardly towards Sirah; and on the out- side, in like munner, scarped and tabled in part, bur in part sending out numerous ridges of variable heights, with brauch ridges on the right hand and on the left, the longest and highest of which ridges terminates near Ras Tarshein, at the entrance of Back Bay. 5 i ‘ Along the summits of this vast basin, from space to space, are small towers and continniug walls of masonry, and tanke, and aqueducts, the remains of the fortifications constructed in the old time by some former possessors of Aden, whose name has perished— Ha Carent quia vate sacro ; but whose works remain, emulating in their great- ness those which Nature hereelf had raised before human passions had come to co-operate with her in changing the face of the earth. i Such 18 toe general formation and the superficial aspect of Aden. ; ‘o complete which general view, some particu- lar facts need to be mentioned. Atand near Steamer Point you do not find any of the peculiar stratified appearance described — The mountains there consist of the remoter spurs of less comparative elevation, and with sides tor the most pert covered with lava. In passing from Steamer Point tothe Camp, on the lust long plam, you firat become aware, as I have already mention- ed, thatthe steep ridges which now open on the sight have a surface Cai Be marked in liner, w ich, for aught that can be distinguished at a dis- tance, arise trom aiff rences of color or ether ir- regularities in the face of the mountain. A closer inspection shows you that these lines are_ tables or strata; that the alternate strata are of a friuble na- ture, 60 asto have undergone much degradation from the action of the atmosphere or some other cause, andto be thus broken into hollows, holes, and caves; thatsome of these layers are horizontal, and that others dip, but that they have no uniform- ys orrather no idcotity of inclination, seeming as if they had either heea formed by causes of une- qual action, or hed been disturbed in their site by subsequent cogvulsions i To which is to be added, in turther explanation as to the lumps and masses of scori@ or spongy lava which cover the whole surface of the lower moun- tains and the tops of the higher onee, that the eject- ed matter is all of that color which denotes basal- tic lava; that the rocks ejected are of all forms and sizes, from large angular masses and broken fragments to more spongy lumps, whose surface, while it sometimes decays, yet blackens as it dv- cays; that nofslags of glassy lava are seen, nor is there any appearance on the surface of a superficial continuous lava stream. ‘The more prevalent, although by no means the exclusive, appearance of the rocks is of a compact, rather than Hi granulated orcrystalline formation, and there are come ledges of an obviously tufa- cious structure 1 say that the appearance js not rx- clusively compact ; for at the Pase, where the rocks have been blasted, they show a trappean appear- ance, as they do at sundry places on Back Bay, where the mountain spurs look as if broken off or cut down near the water, exposing the inferior for- mation. ns Sham-shan is incidentally spoken of as a lime- stone rock inthe only printed account of Aden which | haveseen—that published by Capt. Haines, who surveyed this coast some years since very thoroughly, and greatly to the interests ot nautical and geographical science, and who is now the Bnt- ish Political Agent at Aden. But this intimation, it would seem, isan error. The mountains appear to be wholly voleanic. Couches of ehell limestone occur, which will be referred to hereafter; but these ‘are altogether independent of the onginal mountains, and ities A to be known as of com- aratively recent formation. ra Inthe Senne faces of the rocke along Back Bay thin veins of pure quartz occur trequently, whether veins of segregation or viens of injection I will not undertake to say; and buttons, nodules, or tuber- cles of this mineral are to be found all over the mountains, looking as if dropped here and there upon the rocks. But no metal or other mineral substance of commercial value, [ believe, has been discovered at Aden. Even the lime which 1s used there is made from lumbs of coral, which are brought there either expresely for this purpose or as ballast But as already hinted, shell limestone is to be found there in various places, disposed in ledges or couches around the bases of the moun- tains, and the process of its continued formation is going on before the eye atalltimes in a manner which merit elucidation. Aden, as part ot Arabia, partakes of the peculiar climate of the country, which is nearly destitute of rivers. The climate ispure, clear and dry. ‘There are no sensible dews by night, and by day a cloud- less sun shines forth from the heavens, with tle exception of only a few days of brief shower, during the whole course of the year. Unless wh springs or other means of irrigation exist, the tace of the earth is parched and arid. No such means of irrigation occur among the mountains of Aden. All the fresh water used these is obtained from deep wells dug in the earth, some of the wells yielding brackish water, and others water strongly impreg- nated with salphur. Many remains ot old tanks are to be seen at Aden for collecting rain water as it flows down the crotches ot the mountains, but | a they have been neglected and suffered to fall into decay. At any rate, Aden is comparatively desti- tute of vegetation; a few stunted trees, shrubs, and wild herbs only being found in the mountains or 1n the hollows over which the rain flows for the short period of the year when it visits these thirsty re- gions, The comminuted earth of these mountains would readily form into soil if it were possible to give it moisture; but pot having this in sufficient quantities, the tops and sides of the mountains seem to exhibit the appearance now which they have possessed for the uncounted ages elupeed since they first rose out of the earth or the ren Bui ea- tensive changes have occurred around their bares All these changes seem to have sprung trom the ocenn, ‘Whether these yoleanie mountains were formed under the sea, and then heaved up $o its surlace, er whether the volcanic action occurred in the first instance above the surface of the seat these ure questions of theory for ovbers to judge. But the lit- tle plains of eand between the bases of the ndges speak for themselves, as manifest produaie of the sea, On a cursory inepection of these plans, one may not be aware of the nature of the sand. He sees a plain of coarse sand filling the triangular spaces from the seashore to the toot ef the hills, with a large quantity of shells and lumps of bl.ck stone scattered over its surface, and does not slop at first to scrutinize the composition of thateund. In proceeding to inspect the bases of the mountains In various places near to the sea, he discerns ledges of superficial rock, with shells and lumps of scone imbedded in it; and on caretully examining this rock, he ascertains that it 1s composed of she lix triturated into sand mixed with some little eorth of the mountains, and containing in jt not only lumps of stone, but shells in every stage of their possible condition, from entire ones to fragments in the form of the minutest powder. ‘This induces fur- ther investigation, and leads to the ascertamment of a class of curious facts. : Of the various sand beaches occurring between the successive points of rock formed by the ends of the ridges as they extend out towards the water, by which Aden is almost surrounded, ecme are on the outside, exposed to the unbroken force of the whole Indian Ocean: others are on the shores of Back Bay, where the sea is nearly land-locked ; and others again are in the intermediate state, us on the beach between Ras Tarshein and as Mar- bat, and on the beach of the old port of Aden. On comparing the eand_ of these respective localities, you find that it 1s alike composed of broken shells with a very small admixture of foreign matter; that, where the beach is leas exposed, the sand is more or less course, according to circumstances, and consisting of fragmenta of shel's, obviourly seen to be such at the slightest glance ; that where the beach is not exposed to the flow and beat of the waves of the ocean, the shells are re duced to the finest possible sand, blewn about at the least breath of air, and thrown uy in downs ar extensive asthe nature of the ground will admit; bur that in each and every case the sand is compored of broken shells. And accordingly ledges of rock may be found on these beaches, composed, as be- tween Ras Tarshein and Ras Marbat, wholly of more or less fine shell sand ; or, as near the Steam- boat bunjalow, composed ot a conglomeration ot sand, scori@, ant shells. Behind Ras Marbat the strata dip; and here ig an example of strata which, when viewed in front, seem horizontal, but when examined on the side are geen to be inclined Whenever these ledges contain shells, they are ob- viously the same shell which now occupy the ad- joining waters, and lie ecattered along the beach ; and these ledges may be seen in every stage ot growth, from shell tock? so impertectly compacted as to crumble in the hand, to shell rock which onl the hardest blow of the hammer can break. And, as these seas ubound in shell and coral, here is to be seen the beginning and something of the pro- gress of the existence of lime and limestone. By putting all these visible facts in relation with one another, we may conjecture with reasonable certainty what was, ata certain time, the condi- tion of these mountains, and some of the changes which they have since undergone. We may sup- pose that, in some past epoch, Aden and the ocean stood here together in solitary grandeur ; both, per- hare, boiling up and foaming with primordial fires— Aden being a rock inlet, wholly surrounded by the ocean, which washed on every side the dark flanks and under-sea foundations of Sham-shan. The ocean at length beganto teem with its living inhabi- tants, which performed their stated function of re- production, and then died, leaving theiz coral aud shell exuvie to collect in their rocky sea-beds, un- til, by the agitation of the waters, they were bro- ken to fregments through mutual collision, which accumulated, and were thrown up in sand on the edge of the sea, and appeared in little beaches and downs between the shorter ridges, and, at length, inthe lapse of man: by fe giew up into the wide plains of sand and of sand-rock which constitute the shores of Aden. Lam, very faithfully yours. C. Cusutne. Francis Martor, Jn. Eeq., Corresponding Secre- tary of National Institute. Gambling in England. Since the publication of the biue book which let us into the mysteriss of China, parliamentary lite- rature has fureished the world with nothing so read- able as the minutes of evidence taken by the select committee of the Commons on gaming. Not, in- deed, that itfurnishes any detailed account of the rascalities of the hazard table, the rogueries of the turf, or temptations ef clubs. Lord Palmeraton, who relieved the tedium of unofficial life by presi ding over the committee, prevented its ing P from degenerating into unpleasant goseip, inc nient personal disclosures, or invasions of privaic play, and skilfully turned the investigation inte the more useful channel of remedial sucgestions. Stil! the evidence is entertaining from the facts that do occasionally slip out, from the strange morality that is laid down in all the simpheity of sporting virtue, and from the clashiag statements, and striking in- consistencies that escape the witnesses, whe, we pd parenthetically remark, are not, asa body, ex- actly the persons that might have been expected to have been examined. ‘Ihe leading feature is cer- tainly in these discrepancies, par example:— According to the late Mr. Crocktord, who had “no occupation, oak dent! epenking, but was con cerned in mines and other thiogs;” but who ad mitted, rather unwillingly, that “ut one period of his ‘ife, he had some idea of the gambling habits contracted inthistown,” few men have been ruined by gambling, so few that he could not say that he ever “knew” any young man who had lo £10,000 by play. Gambling, he thought, is mac to bear the brunt ot other vices. ‘“ Many people, he complained with proper indignation at the vile deception, “ will say they have been ruined by gambling, who have been ruined] by keeping women, and having a box at the opera, and other things of that kind; but they lay it wll on gamblin Monstrous injusuce! This vicarious burden ou gambling ia nearly as detestable as playing with false dice. The large experience of Mr. Tattersa!! in horses, racing, and betting men, though notin personal betting, for he limits his own losses to £5 a year, testified ‘‘that very few were actnaliy ruined on the turf,” but he conceded that ‘there are more men ruined by night, by gambling, at gambling houses, than in the day.” According to Joho Day, the great jockey and trainer, horse racing ispurity itself; he never knew a horse unfairly dealt with, or withdrawn from arace when he was well and fit to run; “a mau would not do sucha thing.” Has heard of the expreseion—*‘ making & horse sate.” But “ we Jaugh at it when we hear people talk of it, because we know that itis notdone.” Much of the sare opinion is the equally renowned John Scout. fH believes all these charges arise from the disappoint ment of people who lose their money. Both Dro: mios, however, watch the horses confided to thei care to protect them from injury; and the letter John has a shrewd suspicion that o upon a tne n favorite for the Derby in his stables was drugged; at all events, he lost the race. Mr. JG, Dixon, ¢ cheesemonger, who seems to know « thin two,” though ths Hon. Capt. Rous holds him in very high estimation, differs entirely from thee high authorities; he thinks the improper withdraw- al of horses is “ot daily occurrence ;” aud be- lieves favorites are constantly ‘ made sate’ —“1' is very easily done; half.a dose of physia is almost crriain to set hin amiss, so that he could not win if he started, or you may lame ahorse fora few hours, and have him perfectly sound again in a few hours. There is not the least donbt there are means taken that a faverite horse thall not win; they may give him alittle salts; half ap. of water would be ageffectual sometimes asa belly ful.” Horsesare, too, he says, occasionally dosed" — that may be done by a little bran, and some thing put into it.” Inshortthe cheesemonger, who keeps a horee “for amusement, and ouce had doctored at Doncaster,” is persuaded that “there ip ron the turfs” “they are nearly v1 are all trying to get money.” © Rem si non—rem ** rem, quocungue modo, recte si posi Moet of these things Dixon fas “known” to be done! Who shall doubt his authority % Captain. Frederick Betkeley, M. B., thinks thai “betting has led to very great traud,’’ and is * quite certain that racing has come to such a pilch of gambling that many dishonorable things are done with regard to horse races.” Capt. Rous, M. P., is of another wey ot thinking ; racing le Bol, he says offensive to morals; “on the contrary, very much otherwise ;” and as to betting, ‘tif you legislate against betting you would make this country not fit fora gentleman to live in; you will go on end make laws against the way in which a man walks;” legislative restriction in betung would deteriorate the value of horses ; ‘*1 am eure ibat if the legislature muke any restrictions respecting beuting, 1¢ would disgust almost every person cove nected with the tut; they would think i # most unwise interference.” But as to gambling booths, the gallnnt captain has no such sciuples ; delenda at Carthago—they must be destroyed, or 1o0ird out; he Would “ebolish them and propose the heaviest punishment that the legislature could in- | thet, and especially on a sace-courve; aod not ouly d have the etict- would I abolish booths, but lwo est penalties sgainst gambling-tablee, and every specie of gambling on a race course.” Not s0, however, Mr. Timotiy Barnard; he hires rece courses of lords of maiors, and lets the ground out; do away with gambling booths, and races ure, he says, at en end; “you would not have helt @ dozen people;” and boldly does his partner, Mr. Pursons, endorse this statement; i) the gambling booths were put en_end to, there would be en end to the racing.” “Who shail decide when doctors disagree?” Captains Berkeley and Rous are, however, at issue on more points than one, the former thiks “the eysiem of play or pay bed,” and would rather have a boy of his attend Crockiore’s then tike up the system ot play or pay betung; the letter is quite satirfied that if you sere to do away with ploy or pay bets, a xreat deal more roguery thigh bes tieet- ed when bets are not play or pay.” The Whig Capt. would ‘much rather play ata public table at rockford’s than euter mito plivate piny the pre ference with the Conservative would “entirely dee pend upon whom the gentleman [engaged in prie vate play} mightbe.” Neither, however, when be belongea to that notorious club, kuew cf, that is, we presume, saw, very large losees occurring theie. “When I was at Crocktord’s,” eays Captain Berkes ley, “1 have seen a large company atthe rabies but there were not above five or 1x hgh pluye but he does not think he ever kuew any who have been in the habit of playing at_Crocktora’s, who were not horse racers. Capt. Rous has beard of persons losing very lurge sums of money ac Crochtord’s, but cannot speak to the fact; bas alo beard of per- cons of station in the country “losing larger tulna of money than they liked to pay; not more then they could pay; for his own pert, “be wishee Crockiord’s had been burned down many years ago.” a * Spicy” passages these ; enough perhaps for one Marnoroven Staxrt.—Recently a foreign gene tleman,whose name did not tranrpire,e;phied to Mr, Hardwicke, the sitting megistrate, tor his asvice under the following circumstances :-— The supplicant tuted, that since the suppression of the common gambiing houses at the west end of the town, # new system of entrapping people 1 to the meshes of the numerous Back iegeibat eboond in certain localities has been pracveed, oud he (applicant) was torry to say that a greet many foreigners bad been the victims of this most abominable practice, ‘There were a set of une principled fellows (lereiguers) employed as * tous ters,” whose business it was to go to the difler~ ent foreign hotels in the metropolis, in order to uae certain the names of those most recently arnved trom the Continent. These persons are inveriubly dressed in the first style of fashion, and dirplay @ protusion of jewellery. The information they quire 18 readily given, and an imieduction vfien takes place through an aesumed name. Invitatiens are given, and a desire to cultivate an acquamtance isexpressed. Of course a refusal of the proflered triendship is not, out of sheer politeness retured. The consequence is, that within a dey or two a carriage appears at the hotel door, which is #n- nounced to be at the service of the unsuspecting stranger. Anxious to avail himeelt of so favorable an opportunity for seeing the sights of London, and admining the courtesy of the new acquain- tance, he most readily accepts a seat in the ves hicle, and enjoys a ride uf two or three hours? duration. Ona subsequent day the carriage wud ite pretended owner sgain appear ut the hotel, and another drive 1s proposed and acceded to. But this time (lest the intended victim should ceeape) a call is mace upon some preiended tnend. Here the newly iunported foreigner is mtroduced to Mu- came la Comtesse So-and-2o, and Barous and Ba- rovesees by the dozen, ail, of course, assumed titles, ‘The reception is cordial in the extreme, and the ttranger trequently becomes so enamored of the society he is so fortunate co meet with, that to ob- Ject to any proposal would be a decided proof of ill-breeding. ine is introduced, and afterwards carde, and Moneieur cannet decine Madame la Comtesse for a partuer, even with viecount and a ba- ron opposed to them. A tew liands are lost by la Com- tesse and her partner, for which the tair lady makes. many apologies, and proflers her purse, Gallantry forbids Moumieur’s acceptance end play proceeds. ‘The result may easily be imagined; the victim is gene erally eased of all his disporable cash, and then re ceives a retura by way of Joan, which on bis de parture 13 also lettbeh.nd. Before he leaves, hows ever, he is politely reminded ot the obligauion, aud. as a man of honor, does not hesitate to leave an OU. A visit next day takes place atthe stranger's hotel, to inquire after his health, and im the courre of conversation the ‘litle acknowledgement” is referred to, and, in nine cases out of ten prompuly settled. A proceeding of a emilur character to that above stated was mentioned by the spp scant, wherein the parties lost £2,000, over and above the cash in their immediate possession. Fortunately, when the tou'er called upon the foreigners with the 10 U, a waiter of the hotel at which they were stopping, Tecogrised the pretended gentleman es a noterious swindler, and advised that the money be not paid to him, which advice was taken, and no- thing more was heard of the matter. The appliewnt added, that there were as many as fifty cases withe in fis cognizance, and he was anxious that somes thing should be dove to pul 4 stop tosuch abomina> tions. ‘The magistrate said it wan not in his powerto assist the applicant in the offair as it at preeent stood, and advised, thet information, with the ede dresses of the persons, should be given to the tue perinteodents of police, ard they would no coubt thke measures to bring the parties to justice; end if they should be brought before him, he would promise that they should not be let eff with a fine, nS It Was in the power of a magistrate to commit such persons to prison with hard labor. F The applicant thanked the magistrate, and with- drew. ‘ Mexico ano Trxas.—The New Orleans Bulletin of the 27th ult. has the following translation of @ paper notily ing the President of Texas of the renewal of a slate of hostility between that Republic snd Mexico :— Masivesto 10 Passipent Samcus Hovston, informing him ot the recommencement of hostiliues egainst the istirpers of Texas, Freer B: vor tHe Nontn, Heap Quant pe The time fixed by the supreme gover miatice concluded the 16th February ot + with the commissioners of Texas, he excellency the President baa called to the 1th of the present month bostilities ere re againat the inhabitents of th nicateto you the declaration of his exceller make known to you that my government ba: well jonnded indignution the pei fity of the i the said tertitury, towards a Republic whom conduct towards them they misunderstood a question in which they Were thought to be good faith, ‘They have #bused the confidence ef pablo by violating the specting the commission article of sai the enty of Mexico, in order to regulate our differences so tar ea their propositions might be admisw His exceilency the President, convinced thut the honor and dignity of the ntion require the chastisement of a conduct so jittle creditable, has ordered me to apprise you ot his resoln- lion, fo that it may be well understood, that it is not through timidity Or want of power, but because his «x- cellency hax alweys listened to the voice ef humanity, that hostilities were not recommenced at the perivd fixed hy the armistice olwithetanding my regret in thinking that blood is once more avout to flow, yet, in transmitting to you the declaration of the President, I enjoy the salmaction to find that justice is on the side of ourcanse, which rep aes oa sacred and imprescriptible rights, in this we place our confidence, as well as in the valor of our troops. When the struggle shall once more begin, c a world will jadge between ua, wud the fortune of war cane not but be favorable to those who fight for (heir couniry agoinst usurpers T have the honor to renew to you rances of my high ADRIEN WOLL darters, Mier, 19th June, 18'4 muel Houston. moot has been ordered athe place of hae exjaret Ninvo’s Garnen.--The ¥ w Dwarf, 1 to be repeated neces of this saturate ceive, thig ov 1 y ts characteristic of Mr Ma i good taste, Grandimher Whi tic drama of intense interest, in which forms the principal churacier, is altv ple) od