The New York Herald Newspaper, April 29, 1844, Page 6

yernment no more than justice in forbearing to im: pute to thein any desiga to interfere with the inter: nal concerns of Texas in aren to slavery; but that itis not a matter of gurprise to Lor ye that individuals haviag that object ia view should have recourse to any measure which they deem calculated to promote it. . Smith acquaints ye further, oe has * written fall accounts to hia government of the in- terview above alluded to with Lord Aberdeen, and ef such other facts relating to the efforts making in England for the abolition of aiadery in Texas, a3 on diligent and scrupulous inquiry, he could ascer- tain. He adds, that he shail transmit by the gext steamer, copies of these accounts to Mr Van Zandt, the Textan charge d’affairs at Washington,who will | make such use of them as, in his discretion, he | shall judge best. Ihave no doubf that Mr Van Zandt will feel himself authorized to make you fully acquainted, for: the President's information, with the purport of these communicat'ons. Thad a long interview wits Lord Aberdeen, at his request. on the 6th instant, principally in reter- ence to the Oregon question, as you will have seen from another communication by this steamer. Be- fore I left him, however, the conversation Jurned upon the subject of the abolition of slavery in Texas. im he must = ape subject ia the United States, when he remembered that Texas and the United States were border countries, and the gneceesary etfect of the abolition in Texas on aareey as existing in the Union. He replied, that he felt the delicacy and importance ot the subject, repeated the allusion made in the former isiterview to the state of public sentiment in England, and said that, while it could not be expected of Her Majesty’s Government to hold a language or pursue a policy at variance with opinions which they shared with the whole coua- try, yet he should certainly think it right not to ive any just cause of complaint to the United tates. As far as Texas was directly concerned, they had, as he tad already infyrmed me, made no not be surprised at the interest | ot tha must haypea, sooner or | e 8, no other question can grow out of the ure of the first proposition than one of mere eti- quett, or nitional self-respect! I have anticipated and provided for this Supposing that Texas might feel some reluctance to renew a proposition which had been once rejected, | have invited her, through her charge at Washington, to enter into negotia- tions upon the subject. A copy of my note is en- closed. It 18 possible that the Government, and perhaps the people of Texas, may feel that they have sus tained some boo from the United States, m the matters of Colonel Snively’s command, and of cer- tain proceedings touching one of their custom bouseson the Red river. This Government has not forgotton these subjects, nor has it been insensible to their importance. A decision in regard to thein haa been delayed from necessity, bat every thing which could be done has been done to asgure the Government of Texas that this Government never meditaied nor authorized any wrong of any kind to the dignity of Texas, or the rights of her people, and that every injury which may, upon proper in- vestigation, appear to have been done by our peo- ple, will be fully and perfectly repaired. Thave reason to suppose that the silence of the President of the United States in his annual mes- sage on the subject of annexation, has created an impression ia Texas, either that he 18 indifferent to } that measure, or that he despairs of its success — Such an impression does him great injustice. The subject was uot alluded to in the message, because it was thought best not to submit the question, ex- cept in all 113 aspects and bearings; and for that reason the President reserved it unul he could pre- sent the actual treaty of annexation. That was undoubtedly the proper course, and the course best culculated to effect the object so ardently desired by Ps and by a very decided majonty of our Ope. Pie alcendy wellknown in Wexasthatiiobiesideat has used every means in his power to mitigate the propositioa to her whatever. They had conaected the subject of the abolition of elavery in Texas, with a recommendation to Mexico to acknowledge her independence ; but, as he told me before, Mext- co had given the suggestion no encouragement, and it rested there. : I ought, perhaps, to have added, that in to Lord Aberdeen, Mr. Sinith spoke of the commit- tee which weited upon him in Jnne, as persons act- ing without the authority, sanction, or approbation jovernment. - of the Texan Gover ‘.. P, Urarue, Ex, Secretary of State. Upshur to Mr. Thompson.—[Extract.] ee DevarTMENt oF Stave, Wasuinerox, November 18, 1843. . * * * * * Your attention has already been called to the movements in England in relation to domestic sia- very in Texas, and to the bearing which her pro- ceedings may have upon that institutionin the Uni- ted States, and incidentally upon other leading teresta of our country. Intormation recently re- ceived from General Murphy, charge d’affuire in Texas, has increased the solicitude of the Presi- dent upon that point, There is very little doubt that England is exerting itself to cause Mexico to acknowledge the sovereignty of Texas, upon terms which. will give to Texas a separate Legislature and quasi independence. The effect of this wiil be to abrogate the present Constitution of Texas, and consequently to abolish domestic slavery there. It is aleo to be borne in mind, that if the sovereignty of Mexico be acknowledged, she will assert the right to dispose of the territory as she pleases [ have no sufficient reason to suppose that England desires to acquire it; but the subject, in all its bearings, is of deep interest to the United States. Task, therefore, your particular attention to it, and that you give me prompt information of every movement connected with it. I also repeat the suggestion, that you communicate as fully and freely as possible with Mr. Marphy. * * * * * * Mr. Upshur to Mr. Murphy. —[Extracts.] DEPARTMENT OF StaTE, Wassincron, November 21, 1843. * * * * * * I think it may be assumed that Texas will not, under any posaible condition of things, agree to go back. under the dominion of Mexico. Even if Mexico should conquer the soil, she can never con- quer the people—at least not that portion of them who emigrated from the United States. They would sooner return to the United States penniless, than L assure you, sir, of the very great satisfaction felt, both by the President and myself, at the zea} and in- dustry waich you have displayed in the genera! du- ties of your mission,and cen in reference to the relations of Texas with England. It is impossible to be too watchful or too diligent in a matter which involves such momentous consequences, not ouly to our country, bat to the whole civilized world. The view which this Governinent tukes of it ex- cludes every idea of mere sectional interest. We regard it as involving the security of the South,aud the strength and prosperity of every part of the Union. Sincerely believing that the annexation of Texas to the United States will strengthen the bonds of union ainong ourselves ; give encourage- ment and sustenance to our navigating, commer- cial, and manufacturing interests; present a fovn- dation tor harmony with foreign countries, and af- ford us great security against their aggressions tn case of war; we anxiously desire it, as a great blessing to every part of our country. We cannot anticipate any objection on the part of Texas. She ean desire nothing better than a common destiny with the United States. * * * * * * Whether this important measure can be effected or not, is as yet doubtful. In the meantime, you will take all the necessary measures to ascertain the viewa of the Texan Government and people in regard to it. In conuexion with that object, you will watch narrowly the proceedings of the com- missioners appointed to treat with Mexico. That the influence of England will be strenuously felt ia the proceedings of that commuasion cannot be doubted. ‘Lo that influence we have great reason to look with uneasiness and apprehension. I would impress upon you, therefore, the icee apt! not only of great vigilance on your part, but also of the Most prompt communication to this department of all the information which you_may be able to « b- tain. Your own euggestions of what it may be ex- pedient for thiagoverument to do are not,aayou seem to apprehend, out of piace ; on the contrary, [ shall be glad to receive them, and to act upon them, so far as the public interest may require. Mr. Upshur to Mr. Murphy. No. 14.] Department of State, Wasuinaton, January 16, IS44. Sm :—Your despatches by Mr. Abell are receiv- ed. You are probably not aware that a proposition has been made to the Texan Government for the annexation of that country to the United States. This, I leara from the Texan Charge, has been for the present declined. ey > 4 ‘i 1 am not disappointed at this intelligence. No doubt can be entertained of the wishes of the peo- ple of Texas, in regard to the annexation of that country to the United Stat T have the most an- equivocal proofs, in a variety of forms, that they are almost unanimous in favor of that_ measure. That the government, at least in the Exeentive branch of it, should entertain different views, may. be very reasonably‘attrituted to a misconception the real position of the question, so far as this vernment is concerned. Texas has, for some time been in a condition to need the aid and pro- tection of some stronger power. She ought net to have doubted that the syropathies of this country were altogether with her; bat the want of power in the Government has prevented it froin doing aay thing effectual in her favor. She has been forced, therefore, by a sort of necessity, to look to oiher quariers for that aid which hitherto she has failed to receive from us. Llence, she has Jistened the more readily to the overtures of England, aud is probably, at this time, in some degree commi to that Government. if this be so, it is not surpris- ing that her Government should hesitate, in the present state of its information, to make any fur- ther movement towards the annexation of that | country to the United States If it were certain or even strongly probable, that the measure ould be carried in our Congreas, [ cannot doubt that it would gladly be acceeded to by the Go¥ernment of Texas. But so long as the success of that measure is very doubtful, in the opinion of that Government, remain subject to Mexican vengeance and tyranny. j horrors of the war waged by Mexico agatst that SOnnire, In his last mesenge he wace tie most em- phatic language on that subject. He declares that it is time that the war had ceased, and thus, in e - fect, announces his own purpose to put an end to it by an ans Which he can constitutionally com- mand. He hasno means, except such as he de- rives from the treaty-making power. These he now offers to exert, and has thns given to Texas a pledge of his friendly interest which it is impossible for her to doubt. This conduct on the part of this Government is far more worthy of confidence than Gel profeasions, however vehemently preferred. put you in possession of theae facts, in order that you may be able to offer the proper explana- tions, if the subject should arise in the course of your conversations with President Houston, 1 wish you to see that functionary without lows ef time, and to wge upon him the absolute necessity of annexation, with reference to the interests (and possibly to the safety) of both countries. As it is of great importance that the messenger who bears ts despatch should leave the United States immediately, I have not time to discuss the subject in all its important bearings. My views are, in fuct, disclosed in a despatch addressed to Mr. Everett, ut London, of which a copy 1s en- closed. To these may be added the following con- siderations:—What motive can England have for a disinterested friendship towards Texas? Friend- ship between nations is never disinterested, but in this case even the common feeling of national kind- ness cunnot be presumed to exist. The policy of England is purely commercial. Her object is to engross the commerce of the world ; by diplomacy it she can—and by force if she must. Oa this sub- ject, she will expect, and ultimately compel, concessions from Texas, which Texas, once surrendered to her influence and protection, will not have the power to retuse. The consequence will be, to disgust and irritate other nations, and particularly the United States, now the great nvals ef England in commerce aud maoufartures, It is a favorite object with We are even her to cripple ua in both these branches of our industry, and for that reason she is poshing her in- fluence in every commercial mart of For a few years Texas might be benefitted by this, because it would throw into her ports an immense the world — amouat of English manufactures, designed not merely for the supply of Texas, but also for that of the United States, by means of smuggling across the Red River and the Sabine. The ¢fiect ef this upon the interests of the United States is pointed outin the despatch to Mr. Everett, now enclosed. _ Astill worse effect would be produced by irritat- ing our people against a country that afforded to our great commercial and manutacturing rival the means of annoying and injuring us so seriously. In self-defence, ge should take measures to redress this wrong he commerce of the Red River, so important to Texas, is within our control. We have it in our power to do more injury to the com- merce and, incidentally, to the agriculture of Tex- as, in time of peace, than all the other countries of the world combined; and, for the same reason, we can benefit her in equal degree. It is not to be supposed that we shall feel any hesitation oa this subject, if Texas shall reject our overtures, and throw herself into the arms of England. Tustead of being, as we ough: to be, the closest frieuds, it is ivevitable that we shall become the bitterest foes. In this feeling, all parts of our country will participate. The North, which ts the most influ- \ ential in the policy of our Government, will enter- ‘ eat an interesta, particularly in New teadio, if sacrifice to Uus hostile policy land, must fal {on the part of Texas, Gut tis is wot all. Lf Texasshould retuse to come into our Uniou, measures will ingtantly be takento fill her termtory, with emigruats from Burave: Ex tensive arrangements for this are wlreody made, aad ey will be carried into effect as scon #2 the deci- of Texas shali be kuowa. These emigrants will briag with them Europsan feelings and Euro- pean opinions. Em'grauonatrom the Usied Siates will cease ; at all events, the people ot the Southern Stairs will vot ran the hezard of subjecting their alave property to the couirol of @ population who are avxious to abolish slavery. Texas will svon cease ohe an Americen State. Her pspulation, her po- lities, and her mavuers, will stamp her as European. This tact al wilidesroy the sym athy which now exists vetween Lbat country and ibis. But the firat measure of the new emigrants, as soon as they shall nave sufficient sirengih, will be to destroy that great domestic insiitution up.m which 80 much of the prosperity of our Soushera country depe 'o this. Eugland will stiomlate them, znd she will also furnish the means of accomphshing it. Thave commented upon this topic in the derpatch to Mr Everett. = { will only add, that it Texas should not be attached to the Unried States, she cannot maiotain that institution ten years, 10d probably not hati that time. You wilt readily perceive that, with such causos as these at work, a long continwence ot petce be- tween that country and the United States is ebsv- jutely imposible. Werisinevitable., E i beap-ry to it from neceszity, if not from choice ; and ihe other great Powers of the world will aot be idie ep: ctators of @ coctest involving such momen tows resulta. J stonk it a!moatcertaia thatthe peace of the crviiz-d world, the staritity of long estab- lighed institutions, and the destmies of millions both in Europe and America, hang ou the d+ c.sion whien Texas shalt now provousce What has she to bepe 1o this conflct of stronger Powers? She will find herrelt between the upper and the nether millstones, ground to powder iu their revolutions. Ir eeems to me that a wise people cannot long he- sitate between the alternatives now presented tw Texas. On the one hand, she may havea qaneiul- liince with the strongest power in the world, on « hose protection che mast make herself dependent The his ory of all even alliances between stroeg aud weak notions, is enough to admonish h-r of the fate whier awaits her The lambean meke ov contract with the wolf, which will proieet hum from being dev vured i On the other hand, a nation aow scarcely second to any in the world, rapidly advaacing in p palation, in wealth, aod ia the arts, daity developing ali the sources of national power —a nation that « d,oine her in territory, and whose power +he can searcely hope to resiat, if it shall become her euaemy—offers ‘o receive her #3 @ por? of 118 own domam, and to edmit her people to a tall particivation jn its govern tment acd w full share ia ite prom sing destinies. As apart ot the United States, Texas would be beyond all contingencirs; bat es an independent nation, ele can bave no better renance thao the precarious protection of a Power not bound to her by any sym- pathies, aciug ouly wish a view to iteawu interest it is quite natural that they should be disinclined to hazard the friendship of other powers, and purtica- larly of England, by an appeal to the United States, which might not be successful. have jutle doubt that these are the views of the Texan Govesnment. I have for some months past anticipated that they would be so, but [ have not until very recently felt authorized to give such assurances as [ ean now give, calculated to infla- ence the policy of Texas, upon this point. With a view to enuble you to do this, it is proper to put you in possession of the following facts :— The failure of the proposition heretofore made by Texas for adiission into our Union, should aot be allowed to influence her present course. At that time the question was not understood in this It had not been caavassed, even by iead- ina, Much less by the people at large ; uences dependent upon it were not ag theynoware. If the proposition ould have been placed at that time in the light in ich it is now seen, there would have been no ication upon the subject. Indeed, it was then Tather as a question of time than any ing elae; tor Lam wall assured that a majority of people of this country have always considered annexation of Texas to their territory as an aud ready to de ser. her whenever that taterest shall require it, Surely, if the Government of Texas could believe that ‘here ia even a reasonuble prospect of the annex- ation of that country to the United States, it would not liesitate to authorize the trial Oa this point, I canvot of course speak with absolute ceriuinty ; but I feel a degree of covfidence in regard to it, whieh is litle short of abaolute certainty. ‘The m he eud- ctiadiscus ed among ourstates nen, the more clear ly doea it appear that the uiterests ot both counties absolutely reqaires that they shouldbe us ted, When the measure was first suggested, although the entire South waeio favor of it, as they still are, itfound lew triends among the statesmen of the other States, — Now, the North, to a great extent, are not only fa- vorable to, but anxious for it, and every day increas. es the popularity of the measure among those who originally opposed it. Measures have been tukento ascertain the opinions and views of Senators vpon the subject, and itis found that aclear constitutional majority of two thirds are in favor of the measure. ‘This Llearn from sovrees which do not leave the matter doubtful; and I have reason to know that President Houston himselt has received the same information from sources which will command his Tespect. There is not, in my opinion, the slightest NS eT TM MTT LTE Te MRE Nr NT fel aE eT OE Se Te ec re ih tain it re strongly than the South; because their ¢ U iT toh T T E si { . Lam very anxious, sir, to impress ou with the importance of this measure, as #t ly as it is felt by myself. I feel a deep andsulemn conviction that it involves, to a fearful extent, the destinies both of Texas and of our own country. For this reason, I would have you urge upon President Houston the necessity of taking _ Measures decisively and Ppromtly. Press upon him the high considerations of eofimon intere t and common safety, which re- quire the union of the two countries under the same government. A great responsibility rests upon him; and for the sake of his country, as well as our own, and the sake of the harmony of the world,remote- ly if not immediately connected with kis decision, I hops that he will not reject the offer we make, in the hen of any contingent and precarious advan- tage to be derived from a diflerent source. The pending negociation with Mexico ought not to present any difficulty, unless Texaa is prepared to go back again under the dominion of that power. As itis certain that she will not consent to this,wn- der anypossible circumstances,the resultof thatnego- tiation cannot affect untavorably the proposition of annexation to this country. If Mexico should ac- knowledge the independence of Texas, then Texas will have an undisputed right to dispose of herself as she pleases; and if Mexico shall refuse that ac- knowledgement, Texas will the more need the pro- tection which the United States now offers, She can require nothing more, in this last event, than that the United States shall take upon themselves the adjustment of her difficulties with Mexico. You may, if you think proper, show this letter to President Houston. He will, I trust, see in it satis factory reasons for my extreme anxiety upon the subject—rengons which affect Texasquite as serious ly ag the United States. Aconcert between the two Davewiciasse upon this important point would do more for the happiness of mankind than has been effected by any political movement within the last half century. , ‘i { particularly request that you will loge no timein ressing this matter upou tie attention of President aceten. Ttis alse necessary that you should keep me regularly and Brompelg informed of ail that may occur in relation to it, This isthe more indispen- sable, because the friends of the measure in Con- Kress ure impatient to move in it, and are with diffi- culty restrained, in expectution that the object will be effected by negotiation. 1am, sir, your obedient servan A. P. W.S. Murspuy, Esq, &c. Mr. Pakenham to Mr. Upshar. Wasutncton, February 26, 1844. Sini—In compliance with your request to that effect, [have the honor herewith to transmit to you n copy of the despatch from_Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for Foreiga Affaira, which I had the honor to read to you on Saturday t, UPSHUR, ast. I have the honor to be, with high consideration, your obedient servant, R. PAKENHAM. Hon. A. P. Ursavr, &c. tone LNo. 9) Foreien Orrice, December 26, 1843. Sir: As much agitation appears to have prevailed of late in the United States relative to the designs which Great Britain is supposed to entertain with regard to the Republic of Texas, Her Majesty’s Government deem it expedient to take measures for stopping at once the misrepresentations which have been circulated, and the errors into which the Government of the United States seems to have fallen on the subject of the policy of Great Britain with respect to Texas. That policy is clear and simple, and may be stated in a few words. Great Britain has recognised the independence of Texas, and, having done se, she is desirous of seeing that independence finally and formally es- tablished, and Heald? recognised, especially by Mexico. But this desire does not arise from any motive of ambition or of self-interest, beyond that interest, at least, which attaches to the general ex- tension of our commercial dealings with other countries, ie We are convinced that the recognition of Texas by Mexico must conduce to the benefit of both these countries, and, as we take an interest in the well-being of both, and in their steady advance in power and wealth, we have put ourselves forward 1 pressing the Government of Mexico to acknow- ledge Texas as independent. But in thus acting we have no occult design, either with reference to any peculiar interest which we might seck to es- taslish in Mexico or in Texas, or even with refer- ence to the slavery which now exiats, and which we desire to see abolished in Texas, With regard to the latter point, it must be and is well known both to the United States and to the whole world, that Great Britain desires, and is con- stantly exerting herself to procure, the general abo- Nuon of slavery throughout the world But the means which she has adopted, and will continue to adopt, for this humane and virtuous purpose, are open and uadisguised. She will do nothing secretly or underhand. She desires that her motives maj be generally understood, and her acts seen by all, ith regard to Texas, we avow that we wish to see slavery abolished there, as elsewhere, and we should rejoice if the recognition of that country by the Mexican Government should be accompanied A an engagement on the part of Texas to abolish tlavery eventually, and under proper conditions, throughout the Fi epee But although we earn- estly desire and feel it to be our duty to promote such a consummation, we shall notinterfere unduly, or with an improper assumption of authority, ivith either party, in order to insure the ede of such acourse. We shall coansel, but we shall not seek to compel, or unduly control, either party. So far as t Britain is concerned, provided other states act with equal forbearance, those governments will be fully at liberty to make their own unfettered ar- rangements with each other, both in regard to the abolition of slavery and in all other points. Great Britain, moreover does not desire to estab- ish in Texas, whether partially dependent on Mex- ico or entirely independent, (which latter alterna- tive we consider in every respect preferable,) any dominant influence. She only desires to share her influence equally with all other nations. Her ob- jects are purely commercial, and she has no thought or intention of seeking to act, directly or indireetly, ina political sense, on the United States through exus. The British Government, as the United States well know, have never sought in any way to stir up disaflection or excitement of any kind in the slaveholding States of the American Union.— Much as we should wish to see those States placed on the firm and solid footing which we conacien- tiously believe ig to be attained by the general free- dom alone, we have never in our treatment of them made any difference between the slaveholding and tree Sta es of the Union. All are, in our eyes, en- tided, as component members of the Union, to equa! political respect, favor, and forbearanee on our part. To that wise and just policy we shall continue to adhere; and the governments of the javeholding States may be aseured that, although * shall not desist from these open and honest ef- ‘h we have constantly made for procuring ition of slavery throughout the world, we shall neither openly nor secretly resort to any mea- sures which can tend to disturb their internal tran- qmility, or thereby to affect the prosperity of the American Union. You will communicate this dispatch tothe United otates Secretary of State, and if he should desire it, you will leave a copy of it with him, § am, Xe. ABERDEEN. Right Hon. R IcHARD Paxunnam, &c. Mr. Calhoun to Mr. Pakenham. Derartent or State, Wasuinaton, April 13, 1844. The undersigned, Secretary of State ot the Uni- ted States, has laid before the President the note of the right honorable Mr. Pakenham, envoy extra- ordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Her Bri- tanuic Majesty, addressed to this department on the 26th of February last, together with the ac- comp inying copy of a despatch of Her Majesty’s Principal beadedlae of State for Foreign Affairs to Mr Pakenham. {n reply, the undersigned is di- rected by the President to inform the right honora- ble Mr Pakenham, that while he regards with plea- sure the disavowal of Lord Aberdeen of any in- tention on the part of Her Majesty’s Government “to resort to any measures, either openly or se- cretly, which can tend to disturb the internal tran quillity of the slave-holding States, and thereby af- fet the eee ne of this Union,” he at the same time regards with deep concern the avowal, for the first timemade to this government, “that Great Britain desires and is constantly exerting herself to procure the general abolition of slavery throughout the worid.” ; So fong as Great Britain confined her policy to the abolition of slavery in her own sossessions and colonies, no other country had a right to complain. It belonged to her exclusively to determine, ac- cording to her own views of policy, whether it should be done or not. But when she goes beyond, and avows it a6 her settled policy, and the object of her constant exertions, to abolish it throughout the world, she makes it the duty of ail other coun'ries, whose salety or prosperity may be endangered by her policy, to adopt such measures as they may derm necessary for their protection. e It is with still deeper concern the President re- Bards the avowal of Lord Aberdeen, of the desire of Great Britain to see slavery abolished in Texas ; and, as he infers, is endeavoring, through her diplo- macy, to accomplish it, by making the abolition of slavery one of the conditions on which Mexico should acknowledge her independence. It huscon- firmed his previous impressions as to the policy of Great Britain in reference to Texar, and jade it his duty to examine with much care and solicitude, what would be its effects on the prosperity an sufety ot the United States, should she succeed ber endeavors. The investigation hus resulted in the settled conviction that it would be difficult for Texas, in her actual condition, to resist what she desires, without supposing the influence and exer- tions of Great Britain would be extended beyond the limite assigned by Lord Aberdeen, and that, if Texas could not resist the consummation of the ob- ject of her desire, would endanger both the safety ‘and mrosperity of the Union. Under this conviction it is felt to be the imperious duty of the federal go- vernment, the common representative and protec- or of the States of the Union, to adopt, in self-de- fence, the most effectual meusures to defeat it. This is not the proper occasion to state at large the grounds of this conviction. It is sufficient to say, that the consummation of the avowed object of her wishes in reference to Tex s would be fol- lowed by hostile feelings and relations between that country and the United States, which could not fail to place ber under the influence and control ot Great Britain. That, from the geogrnphical po- sition of Texas, would expose the weakest and most vulnerable portion of our frontier to inroads, and place in the power of Great Britain the most efficient meane of effecting in the neighboring States of this Union what she avows to be her desire todo in all countries where slavery exists. To hazard consequences which would be so dangerous to the rosperity and enfety of this Uaion, without resort. ing to the most effective measures to prevent them, would be, on the parc of the Federal Government, an abandonment of the most solemn obligation im- posed by the guarantee which the States, in adopt- ting the Constitution, entered into to protect each other against whatever might endanger their safe- ty, whether from without or within Acting in obedience to this obligation, on which our federal system of Government rests, the President directs me to inform you that a treaty has been concluded between the United States and Texas, for the an- nexation of the latter to the former ns & part of its territory, which willbe submitted without delay to the Senate for its approval. This s ep has been ta- ken as the most effectual, if not the coly means of guarding against the threatened danger, and secur. ing their permanent peace and welfare. +f is well knowa that Texas has long desired to be annexed to this Union ; that her people, at the time of the adoption of her Constitution, expressed, by an almost unanimous vote, her desire to that effect; and that she has never cexsed to desire it as the most certain means of promoting her sufety and prosperity. The United States have heretofore declined to meet her wishes, but the time has now arrived when they can no longer refuse consistent- ly with their own security and peace, and the sa- cred obligation imposed by their constitutional com- pact for mutual defence wnd protection. Nor are they in any way responsible for the circumstances which have imposed this obligation on them They had no agency in bringing about the state of things which has termiuated im the separation of Texas from Mexico. It was the Spanish Government and Mexico herself which invited and offered high in- dncements to our citizens to colonize Texas That, from the diversity of character, habits, religion, and political opinions, necessarily led to the separa- tion, without the interference of the United States in any mareer whatever. It is true, the United States, at an early period, recognised the indepen- dence of Texas ; but, in doing ao, it 1s well known they bnt acted in conformity with an established rinciple to recognise the Government de facto. hey had previously acted on the same principle in reference to Mexico herself, and the other govern- ments which have risen on the fo:mer dominions of Spain on this continent. : They are equally without responsibility for that state of things, already adverted to as the imme- diate cause of imposing on them, in self defence, the obligation of adepting the measure they have. They remained passive, 80 long as the policy on the part of Great Britain, which has led to its adop- tioa, had no immediate bearing on porate and safety. While they conceded to Grext Britain the right of adopting whatever_policy she might deem best, in reference to the African race, within her own poesessions, they, on their part claim the same right for themselves. The policy she hus adopted in reference to the portion of that race in her do- minions may be humane and wise; but it does net follow, if it prove so with her, that it would be so in reference to the United States and other coun- tries, whose situation differs from hers. But whether it would be or not, it belongs to each to judge and determine for itself, With us it is a question to be decided, not by the Federul Govern- ment, but by each member of this Umon for itself, according to ita own views of its domestic policy, and without any right on the part of the Federal Government to interfere in any manner whatever Its rights and dutics are limited to protecting, under the guarantees of te Constitution, each member of this Unien, in whatever policy it may adopt in reference tothe portion within its respective limits. A large number of the States has decided, that it is neither wise nor humane to change the relation which has existed, from their first settlement be- tween the two races; while others, where the Afri- one is less numerous, have adopted the opposite policy. - It aden not to the Government te question whether the former have decided wisely or not ; and if it did, the undersigned would not regard this as the proper occasion to discuss the subject, He does not, however, deem it irrelevant to state that, if the experience of more than half a centurv is to decide, it would be neither humane nor wise in them to change their policy. The census and other authentic documents shew that, ip all in- stances in which the States have changed the for- mer relation between the two races, the condition of the African, instead of being improved, has be- come worse. They have been invariably sunk into vice and pauperis, accompanied by the bodi- Jy and mental inflictions incident thereto—deaf- nesa, blindness, east and idiocy, to a degree aes without example; while, in all other States which have retained the ancient relation between them, they have improved greatly in every respect—in number, comfort, intelligence, and morale—as the following facts, taken from euch sources, will serve to illustrate : The number of deaf and dumb, blind, idiots, and insane, of the negroes in the States that have changed the ancient relation between the races, is one out of every ninety-six; while in the States adhering to it, it is one out of every six hundred and seventy-two—that ia, seven to one in favor of the latter, as compared with the former. _, The number of whites, deaf and dambh, blind idiots, and insane, in the States that have changed the relation, is one ia every five hundred and ixty- one; being nearly ax to one against the free blacks in the same States. ‘The number of negroes who are deaf and dumb, blind, idiots, and insane, panpers, afd in prison, in the States that have changed, ig one out of every six; and inthe States that have not, one out of every one hundred and fity-four; cr twenty-two to one against the former, as compared with the lat- ter. Taking the two extremes of north and south—in the State of Maine, the number of negroes return- ed as deaf and dumb, blind, insaue, and idiots, by the census of 1840, is one out of every twelve; and in Florida, by the xame returns, is one out of every eleven handred and tive; or ninety-two to one in favor of the slaves of Florida, as compared with the free blacks of Maine. In addition, 10 dei 8 tobe remarked, that in Masvachusetts, where the chunye in the ancient re- Janen ot the two races was fist made, (now more than sixty years since,) where the grentest zen] has been extubited in their behalt, and where their num- ber is comparatively iow, (but litle more than 8 000 in a population ot 739,000) the condition of the African is among the moat wretched. By the teat authentic accounts, there was one outcf every 21 ot the black population ia jails or houses of correc: tion; ard one out of every thirteen was evh rceaf and dumb, blind, idiot, insane, or in prison, Ou te other hand, ‘the cena id other authen ic sources of intoxymation establish the fact, that the condition of the Alrcin race throughout all the States, where the accient relation between the two hag been retained, eniive a degree of heaith ard comtort which may weil compare with that of the laboriog populstion of any country in Christendom; and it may be added, that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the negro rece ever attained eo high an elevation in morals, inteli- gence, orc vilizition Tf such be the wretched condition of the race in their changed relation, while their aumber is com- parativ~lty few, and wheye 80 much inter: st is mani- fested for their improv ment, what would if be in those States where the two races are nearly equal in numbers, and where, in consequence, would ae- tear, Jealousy, and ha- ceserily epriog up mutual tred between them? ft may, iu tru, be a-samed as a maxim, that two races differing ao greatly, and in so many respects, caunot possibly +xist together in the same country, where their numbersare nearly equal, w.thout the ove being subje ct-d to the other. Experience has proved that the existing relation, in which the one is subjected to the other in the el veholding States is consistent with the peace and safety of both; with great improvement to the inferior; while the same experieuce proves, that the relation wh it 19 the desire and object of Great Britain to substitute in its stead, in this and all other countries, under the plausible name of the abolition of slavery, would Gf it did not destroy the inferior by conflicts, to which it would lead) reduce it to the extremes of vice and wretchedness. In this view of the sub- ivet, it may be aaserted, that what is called slavery, is in reality a political institution, essential to the peace, safety, and prosperity of those States of the Union in which it exists, ithout, then, contro- verting the wisdom and humanity of the policy of Great Britain, so far as her own possessions are concerned, it may be safely affirmed, without re- ference to the means by which it would be eflect- ed, that, could ene succeed 1a uccomplishaig, in the United States, what she avows it to be her de- sire and the object of her constant exertions to effect throughout the world, so far from being wise or humane, she would inyolve in the greatest ca- lamity the whole count d lly the race shiek itis the avowed oer of ber exonicns to The undersigned avails himself of this occasion to renew to the right honorable Mr. Pakenham the assurance of his distinguished consideration. Rt. Hon. Ricuarp Paxgsnam, 1G. Catuoun, Mr. Calhoun to Mr. Green. No.1] DerartMent or rare, Wasuinaton, April 19, 1844 i Sir—A treaty for the annexation of Texas to the United States has been sighed by the plenipoten- tiaries of the twe Governments, and will be sent by the President to the Senate, without delay, for its approval. 7 Ta mohing the fact knownto the Mexican Govern ment, the Presideat enjoins it om you to give it, io the first place, the strongeat assurance that, in ade p- ing thie messura, our Government is actuited by 20 feelings of disrespect or indiff-rence to the honor or dignity of Mexiro, and that it would be a eubjeet ot great regret if it should be oth rwise regarded by its Goveroment. And, im the next pice, that the atep was forced on the Goverument of the Unied States, in selt-defeoce, ia consequence of the p ticy adopted by Great Britain ia reterence to the »beli tion of slavery in Texas _ [t was impoes:ble for the Vaited Stats to witneas with indiflereace the efforts of Great Britain to abolish slavery there. They could not but see that she had the meena in her power, in the actual condition of Texas, to accom- plish the objects of her poliey, uolese prevented by the most efficieat measures; and that, if accom- ‘ished, it wouid lead toe etate of things dangerous in the extreme to the adjacent States, aud the Union ite If Seeing this, this Government has deen com- pelled, by the necessity of the case, anda regard to its constitutional obligations, to take the step it has, es the oaly certain and eff-ctnal means of prevent- ing, It has taken it in full view of all pors'h!: consequences, but not withaut a desire and hove tat a foil und feor disclogure of the esuses which iadu- ced it to do so would prevent the disturbauce uf the harmony subsisiing between the two countries, which the United Sta‘es is anxious to preserve. In order that the Mrxicen Governmynt should have a just and full conception of the motives which have compelled this Government to take the course it has, 7 hy the direction of the President, a copy of the declaration of Lord Aberdeen, which Mr. Pukeoham, the British onnister, was instrucied to read to the Sveretary of State of the U Sta es, and to leave a copy, should he desire it, and ‘he aaawer to ‘ton the part cf onr Government — The President authorizes you to read them to the Mexi- can Secretary of State, and to permit him torake memoranda of their conteats aa you read, ehould he decire it; but not to leave copies, as they constitute A part of the documents which will be transmitted with the treaty to the Senate. ¥ You are enjoined, also, by the President, to as- sure the Mexican Government that it is hisdesire to settle all questions between the two countries which may grow out ot this treaty, or any other cause, on the most liberal and satistactory terms, including that of boundary. And with that view the minister who has been recently appointed will be shortly sent with adequate powers % You will finally assure the Government of Mexico that the Government of the United States would have been happy, if circumstances had permitted it, to act in concurrence with that of Mexico inta- king the step it has; but with all its respect for Mexico, and anxious desire that the two countries should continue on friendly terms, it could not make what it believed might involve the safety of the Union itself depend on the contingency of ob- taining the previous consent of Mexico. But while it could not with a due regare to the sefety of the Union do that, it has taken every precaution to make the terms of the treaty as little objectionable to Mexico as possible, and, among others, has left the boundary of Texas without specification,so that what the line of boundary ical be might be an open question, to be fairly und fully discussed and settled according to the ri hts of each, and the mu- tual interests and security “he two countries. have the henor ts be, sir, Your obedient servant. J. C. Catuoun. Bexzamin FE. Green, Eeq., & ec. 3 Chit, &. A, [Correspondence of the Herald} Vatraraiso, Jan. 12, 1844. Progress of the Revolution—Probable Results— Naval Niws. ‘We have not any news of importance. The po- litical condition of Peru appears to be approaching a new crisis. The dissident Generals are said to become more and more likely to succeed in their resistance to the Directorial Government and the overthrow of Vivanco is by some looked upon as probable, | Stilt, so little is known, that Monsen tion wonld be safe. Arica is still blockaded. The U.S. frigate Uniced States, Commodore Jones, sailed from this place on the 4th ult., for Callao; all well. : The frigate Constellation,};Commodore Kearney, sailed on the 24th ult., also for Callao, to receive Commodore Jones, and is to sail immediately Paenes for the United States, via Rio de Janeiro ; all well. Cape Haytien—Haiti, *[Correspondence of the Herald.) Carg Hatin, April 4, 1834. Affairs in the Haytien Empire—Negro Respect for @ Flag of Truce—To al Overthrow of the Black "oops under Pierot, §c. When I fast had this pleasure, in the month of January, Haiti was reposing in the sweet sleep of confidence and tranquility, and we all looked for- ward to a season of renewed life and prosperity in her affairs. ‘This was but a deceitful calm only to burst forth anew with tenfold fury, iu revolution and bloody warfare, The Spaniards who occupy the eastern and most valuable part of the islaad, and who have never been well affected to the union with the French part, which was in some measure forced upen them, suddenly exposed a manifesto of their - ances and flew to arms on the 7th of March, de- claring themselves a free and independent State, divided and separate forever from the Haitien Re- public—the semi-black chickens from the black ones, The President Riviere lost no time in ordering to arms the whole male population of the Frenen part of the Island, without any exception, in order to overrun the Spanish part with his forces at one blow, for the Spanish population do not number one-third of the French. He left Port au Prince on the 10th of March, and soon mustered 30,000 men, with which he set out for St. Domingo. His first encounter with the ene- my was at Azua, a small town of about 6) inha- bitante, where it is said two regiments of his ud- vanced guard were cut to pieces; however, com- ing up the next day with the main body of his ar- my, he forced the Spaniards to retire, and ulti. mately occupied the town, which he found totally abandoned, without a single soul in it. The loss before Azua is privately stated at eleven hundred men, and by our last accounts from Port au Prince, the President had not yet advanced, but is await- ing further reinforcements. He had only removed to a short distance from the place, on account of the stench from the dead bodies, which it appears were never interred. _ On this, the north side of the island,General Pie- rot mustered on the frontiers at Daxabon, eighteen thousand men. In the mean time, the Spanish General, Salcedo, having marched trom Santi advanced to within eight miles of the Hayti forces, where he remained some days in suspense. He ultimately sent two oflivers, escorted by four dragoons, with a flag of truce, to Gen, Prerot, as bearers of a letter, communicating that the object of his mission was not hostilities, but merely to ocenpy the frontiers of the Donnnivan Republic. _ To this letter, General Pierot made no reply, but immediately hud the officers and men_svized, stripped of their coats, side arms, &e., which, to- gether with their horses, he distributed ainong his soldiers, and then marched them off on foot to this flats, where the six individuals are at present con- ined together, in one narrow durgeon, and all communication with them prohibited. So much for respect to a flag of truce. The Spaniards after this, in order to entice Gen. Pierot into the interior, gradually retired before him, as soon as he set out from Daxabon on the 24th March, at the head of the combined force ot all the National Guards and troops ot the line that the North could muster, leaving behind him no- thing but women and children. His orders were to take possession of Santiago at any sacrifice of life, from thence to cross the coun- try and form a junction with the President for a combined aitack uponthe city of St_ Domingo. General Salcedo, ignorant of the fate of his first envoyés, despatched another flag of trace to Gen. Perot, on the Pains of Talanquero; this party was surrounded and fired upon ; several were killed and the rest escaped with difficulty. This was the opening ot the campnign on the part of the Hay- ticebe and where Spanish blood first watered the soil of their country. Gen. Pierot teacred the neighborhood of San- tingo onthe 29th of March, and made his disposi- tions for attacking the Spaniards, who had assem- bied uw turce of about tive Ul men, ad Beously posted on # rising ground ts the oustie rmy was divided into three divie 0 ght, commanded by General Cadet Ane toine, had orders to fuiluw the Sierra road, cross the river Yaqui in the rear of Quinones? brickery, and to attack the Suhwh of San Antonio. St. Louis, cammanded the left division, to cross the Y at Paso Coleoredo; and Gen. Pierot the centre division, to cross at Paso Yagui. The whole was doae with much skill und precision, and the three columns almost simnuituaneously advanced te the attack, about noon on Saturday the 30th ult. The Spaniards very quiet!y allowed them to come close up, when they euideniy poured out such: showers of grape and muskeiry us to cause confue sion in the Haytien ranks; however, they rallied, and three different. times rcinrned with coolness te the assault, but the Spasird- kept up their fire with dogged obstinacy, sand Gen, Pisrot was finally forced to retreat, after suffering great loss. His army since hus completely broken up; for it is Te ported by the wounded ard stragglers who are coming in that he has ecarcely one thousand mem he Spaniards never left their lines during the engagement, and are supposed to have euflered little or no loss. After tie action, Gen. Pierot found it necessary to send a tag of truce to the Spaniards, the result of which has not transpited— though we know they were well treated, notwithe standing strong reasons for retaliation,” There is no doubt that this affair decides the in- dependence of the Spaniards ; and, from the liberal eealoaligtitensd polio pe aimad by Sats it is enerally andcipated that th nish wills Seceuis powertuland weal cur hiiaaacetaed Battimo: [Correspondence of te Herald.) Bavrewore, April 22, 1814. Budget of Fun—Native American Party—8. F. B. Morse—Grand Clay Convention—Hotels—Thea- tres—Musewms, and what not ?—That “ Queer Customer” — Politics — Literature— Steam and Sicumboats—New York Knickerbocker Magaziat, and what we will and cun do. “ Ladies like variegated tulips show— 'Tie to their changs Laif their charms we ewes nd delic their nis Ha! ha! ha! will you believe, when we tel you t—one of the ladies epuken of in our accound of the “ Grand Soiree ” was shocked, “ poricively shocked,” at eur having aaid she still retained the blvom and freshness of her girlhood days! Why, we really thought we were paying her quite a come pliment; but, egad! we were rmstaken—for, ale though we stretched our conscience (which, from use, has become somewhat elastic,) to say what we thought a capital thing, to our astonishment, it didn’t take. Well, well; some women are queer creatures. Tell them, at the age of fitty, they are as young aud as beautiful ug they were at sixteen— they will be offended if you add not to it something about the playfulness and tenderness of a kittem, Some, we say, for we would not insinuate that all women are #o; yet there ate tuo many who secm te forget “ Time rolls his ceaseless course, The race of yore, Who daue’d our infency upon their ka How are they blotted irom the things thet be! How few, ail weak and withere 4 their foree Wait on the verge of dark eterns Like atrauled wrecks—the titu returning hoarse To sweep them from our sight! ‘lime rolls his ceases Jess courte” But we are moralizing—and that we hate ; for it carties us back to duys when we were young, and possessed blooming cheeks aud a happy heart— when the world was a magic lantern, und all the people dancing-jacks—when a chop window was our theatre, and a cout witha tail to it marked aa: epoch in our life. Taiking of epochs—ihe Native Americans did it business nicely, eh? Jimmy Harperisa right clever man—but what has become of their pas triarch, Samuel F. B. More + gentleman who originated the party, und who, if we mistake not, was their first candidate for Meyor? Js he for- gotten? Or do the party consider the appropriation made by Government, for Uie pu, pose of experi- menting with Mr. Morse’s Magnetic Telegraph, sufficient dividend on his portion of stock in the American party 7 Great preparations are making for the “Clay Cone vention.” Strangers have already begun to flock ii and as there seems to be great interest evinced the Convention will, without doubt, exceed in size any that has preceded it. J need not you if you recollect the great ‘tri-colored” excitement, when even pig tails were tied in rbbands. Just such is the excitem nt in Ba timore for Hany Sea- the Weat,” Coon,” “Crerenuals of our men,” &c. &e. There is lever stamp of a “coon” rolling inat ball over-a little red fox, with badges ine) indunce of all corty, aizes, and quatities—the bes: of which, as regards the likeness and execution, is by George Northere man ; it represents a fulllength portrait of Clay sure rounded by anoval, over whic! hangs in a careless erthe American flag sustained by an engl are implementa of husbandry, and t niials of ovr Sexmen.” ‘The truth of it i thetwhole city is agug, waiting for the second of per with tl Ay. The Holiday street aud Front street Theatres e beeu opened. In fact, every place heretofore known as a place of amusement, and every place that could be converted inte a plice of amusement, has been re-painted and te-fitted ai an_“ enormous expense.” ‘The Baltimore Museum is under the charge of Mr. Edmund Peale, who bas brought ont & succeszion of attractions which have rende: his establishment the principal place of resort.— Ife is at present fulfilling a profiabl: engagement with a company of performers, paving Thayer, the comedian, at theit head. Hotels are undergoing a thorough refixing—cote and old bedsteads have been brought forsh and well anointed, so that at a moment's notice they inay be placed “under this shed, and in that core ner,” ia order that all may be aceommodated.— Barnum’s, it being, as Dickens says, the only hotel in the country, with curtains to iis bedrooin wine dows, will of course be cratumed. Barnunt paid, too, for that puff, such as it wav; for when Mr. Dickens was informed of the intention of his land- lord to make him no charge, he did not hurry him- self to leave Baltimore, ~The ‘ Globe” Inn,” kept by an honest Dutchman by the name of Bohn—~Jacob Bohn—who knows what is good to eat and drink, is a very well-conducted house. We would recommend it ‘nore, va account of a singular old customer of the rame of Henry— who ever goea there, Take a good look at him— get acquainted with hin—be is a bachelor, aud cam tell rome crack jokes--ask fini to you that one about ilenry Clay—wiat Hurry prefers to charace ter, &e., &c. Take pariicuiar notice of what» singular way he haa of puting « cigar in his mouth, and of twisting it about when he gets it there—no- tice his Jaugh—no, he never laughs—iva only a chuckle—then after supper, with his aldermame corporation, twig him as he slides round in his sl:ppers, expressing his fondaess for “ Pope,” and his determination to support James Carroll for our next Goveruor, Of Carroll, Hillen, and Key, cting the nomination on ine Democratic ticket, arvoll isthe oaly man who would have any chance of success. Speed (who has the tases oti side) is spoken of as the Whig candidate. It is strange, that with one exception, there is not a Democrati pepe established in this city. Baltimore is eadly behind the age in politics, litersture and steam—im fact, almost every thing else, except religion, pretty” women, and good Jawyers~-even sone of then are not quite as good as they think themselves. To be sure, there 1s some enterprise xmong the people, for they have a railroad frem Baltimore to Phils de!phia, and one fiom Baltimore to, Washington 5 but on the whole, they w. nt energy ia their Vegan operations. Now is the time for some of your northern capitalists to reap a rich harvest. A line of eteamboats, establiehed to run by way of the Delaware Canal, between Baltimore and Philadel phia, would prove highly profitable to the projectors, and aczeptable to the people, Last sutamer the “ Erricaon’” and “ Baltimore” were placed upon that line, and were found so 10 interfere with the interests of the Railroad Company, that they paid a high price to induce the owners to withdraw, Literature, alco, when compared with Boston, and New York, and Philadetplim, is at a very low ebb. John P. Kennedy, Teakle Wallace, and the “ Milford Bard,” are about the oaly men before the public as write: The Knickerbocker Maga- zine, published in New York, has quite a circula- tion here, and we hope it may have a tendency to elevate the standard of taste; for it is by far the best. magazine published in the Gical Our at- tention was drawn to the April No., by extracts made by the “Sua,” and other papers, of the « Reminiscences of a Dartmoor prisoner,” and the “Hunchback,” both admirably written. It is our intention te devote, during the Conven- tion, our whole time to the acquisition of such matter as shall .reader the Uerald most de- sirable; for we have the opportumty, as we told you when in London, of knowing or learning every thing in connection with all classes of society 1m Baltimore—from the highest to as low as we think proper to descend. ‘And it shall be our object to be ever active, vigilant and wide nwake. ARIEL. who are each ex- Fis Story.—It is said that a pickerel weighi eleven pounds, and three feet long, was lately taken South Hadley Falls, by the Seins Company, —