The New York Herald Newspaper, December 22, 1842, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. w York, Tharsday, ember 22, 1842, Non-aRRIVAL OF Tae Sreamer.—No sign of the steamship Britannia at Boston when the mail left there yesterday afternoon. She must have met with severe westerly gales on her passage. This is herseventeenth day out. Tus War in Curva—Tue Fortunes {Reien oF Barish Powex.—The capture, by the British, of the second city of the Chinese Empire, Nankin, the intelligence of which comes to us in the most unquestionable form, being authenticated by the Canton authorities, will create a great sensation throughout Europe and all over the civilized world. This event indicates, in the most expressive manner, of British power in the East, des- pite of all the startling reverses with which it had previously met. From the account received, it will be perceived that the British already contemplate the organization of a government of their own, in the interior of China, just in the same manner as they have in India. It is easily seen that a long series of conflicts be- tween the nativesof the Chinese Empire and the power of Great Brita:n, in which the superior intel- ligence, military skill, and indomitable energy of the latter will be victorious, has commenced. The Chinese must inevitably be overcome, and will eventually be made to pay the expenses of that very war, which places them under the dominion of their powerful antagonist. China will present a perfect parallel to Hindostan. ill be the same struggle between the strength of lization, and indigenous races, altogether inferior in intelligence, and entire- ly destitute of physical means of defence, when compared with their opponents. And then we will have the same system of exacting fromthe conquer- ed nations, the means of retaining them in subjection and filling the cofiers of the victors, which was car- ried into operation from the Himalayas to Mysore. We can at once discover in these war'ike opera- tions in China, the motives of that studied care with which the British government seeks the preserva- tion of the peace of Europe, and the avoidance of any collision with this country or with France. Britain wants to bring all her disposable forces to bear against China. And once she gains firm footing in that vast empire.as she has done in Hindostan, she will assume @ new position amongst the nations, and exercise still more arbitrary power in the affairs of the world. We know that it has been supposed, and the supposition has been strengthened by some remarks attributed to Napoleon when at St. Helena, that if the British at- tacked the Chinese, they would teach the Chinese to fight. But the idea that by this tuition the Chi- nese will acquire power to repel successfully their assailants, isaltogether absurd. No doubt the same remarks were made respecting the final result of the British operations in India. But that great em- pire, with all its military prowess, could not resist the “mighty children of the sea.” Precisely in the same way as the British have succeeded in their wars, did the legions of the Roman Empire march on to repeated victory. Imperial Rome exercised a moral supremacy over the barbarian hordes which she rendered tributary to her power, and before which they were uniformly compelled to bow. The ascendancy of Great Britain is derived, not from her physical power merely, but also from that moral force which superior intelligence and a high degree of civilization confer on nations. A very conclusive argument against the opinion that the Chinese will gain sufficient acquaintance with military tactics, and eventually expel the Bri- tish, may be derived from the fact, that for centuries the Chinese Empire has been overrun by the Tar- tars. Several dynasti s of these northern barbari- an tribes have retained footing in China, and never can itbe really imagined that Great Britain, with her immense military and naval force, her superior intelligence, her experienced sagacity, cannot ef- fectually subdue a nation whose oaly power is nu- musical. It is true that the struggle may be pro- tracted, bloody, and expensive, but its termination must eventually be in {avorof the invaders. the rapid prog: Tue tate Biswor Dunors.—This amiable and ac- complished prelate was, we believe, born in Franc. He wasa man of great refinement, accurate taste, and the most courtly manners. He was in the striet- est sense, a finished gentleman of the old school of French politesse. Bishop Hughes, who has for seve ral years acted as coadjutor of the deceased prelate, will probably succeed him. Bishop Hughes is in many respects a remarkable man. He is respecta- bly connected in Ireland, but was not originally in- tended for the Church. After his arrival in this country he was employed by Bishop Dubois in the capacity of florist, or gardner, at Emmettsburg, and his piety, modesty and intelligence soon attracted the favorable notice of the late prelate. He was pa- tronized by Dubois, and by him educated for the Church, and when admitted to orders, speedily dis- tingushed himself by zeal and talen’. Possessed of great natural shrewdness, good sense and tact, which compensated for the deficiency of early education, Bishop Hughes has now gamed an honorable elevation above rivals apparently more likely thanhe to succeed. Even Dr. Eng- land does not stand so high in the affections of the members of the Catholic Church ; and Dr. Power, who enjoyed all the advantages of an early libearal education, influential connexions, and highly po- lished manners, has failed in reaching the eminence or popularity which the tact and keen perception of Bishop Hughes has secured for him. Bishop Hughes understands thoroughly the Irish character, and is perfectly acquainted with the pecu- liar position which they occupy with respect to the political parties here. This knowledge he has turned to good account. He has exercised a clerico-political power here which has often alarmed the various po- litical parties, and enabled him to carry out his own measures. It was by means of this that he carried the school question. The half-sarcastic, half-silly as- saults of such menas David Hale, have increased his popularity universally, having forced him into the attitude of the chosen and marked champion of the Catholie community, and enabled him to go- vern the members of his church with great effect.— This power, it is but just to mention, he has exer- cised with great zeal, and uniform regard to the ad- vancement of the Catholic faith. He has recently Organized and put in successful operation a plan of discharging in a few years the large debt for which the Catholic churches in thiscity are responsible— adebt whose magnitude deterred his predecessors from approaching, and which threatened the most serious consequences. The remains of Bishop Dabois will be interred on Friday (tomorrow) with allthe imposing ceremonial of the Catholic funeral services. Repverion or Postace.—The expediency and propriety of reducing the postage by the adoption of a uniform rate, or in some other way, is beginning to excite considerable attention in this country. The subject is confessedly one of great importance, and merits the prompt and serious attention ef the legislative authorities. There can be no doubt that the rate of postage is at present too high, and ope- rates injurious!y on commercial correspondence and social intercourse in every grade. The details and practical operation of the system recently intro- duced into Great Britain, furnish ready tieans of obtaining accurate information respecting this mat- ter, and to them we would invite the careful atten. tion of all who seek the change now desired. Exxotion or tae Tanmany Commrrrer.—This impertant election comes off to-day between the hours of 1 and 8 o’clock, P.M. The indirect influ- ence of this committee is Prodigioysstoth on the dis- tributions of spoils, and-ow the next Presidency. In this citythe officers of the general, State, and city goverment are worth nearly $2,000,000 per annum, pickings included. We understand that two tickets will run in all or most of the wards—a Van Buren ticket, and an anti-Van Buren. All the democratic friends of Tyler, Cass, Calhoun and other candid- ates, are uniting against those of Mr. Van Buren. {It will bea beautiful contest—result to-morrow. Important from China—Twenty-Three Days Later—Operations and Designs of the Bri- ttsh,—Capture of Nanking! Another ship arrived yesterday from Canton—the Helena, Captain Benjamin. She sailed thence on the 6th of September. The news she brings is of an important character. It is that the British have captured the city of Nan- king, the second city of the Empire, and several large towns. The city is saidto have been taken on the 23d of July, and ransomed by the Chinese for several millions of dollars. But letters from Can- ton, dated the 6th of Sept., state the announcement premature. We think, however, from the extracts from the papers, that that city has fallen into the hands of the British. Even the Celestials admitted this. According to the papers the Emperor is in great tribulation. He is a rare philosopher, however, After his cities are captured he immediately ransoms them, and goes to work afresh to whip the barbarians. There was a flying report inCanton, that Sir H. ; Pottinger was at the mouth of the Peiho. We can hardly believe this to be true, as the season had so far advanced. It appears that the Chinese become more warlike every battle. Their defeats teach them the art of fighting. On the 28th of July the city of Wohoo, to the South of Nanking, was taken. The Canton Register, of the 30th of August, ac- cuses the commanders of the United States ships at Macao of defrauding the Chinese custem house. It says, that they “should defraud the Chinese gov- { ernment of its custom duties, at the time they were | experiencing the hospitality of that government,is a matter of surpassing wonder.” A letter from Manilla, August 11, announces the loss of the British bark Christina, Captain Birkett, from Macao, bound to Bombay, by striking on the West London Shoal at midnight of July Ist. All hands took to the boats, the captain and seventeen others in the gig, and the second mate with thirteen others in the other oat. These last bore away for the Philippines, and arrived at Mindoro on the 9th of July, but there was too much reason to believe that the captain and his companions perished. ‘The U. S. frigate Constellation, and sloop of war Boston, were at Macao on the 30th of August. We give below all the particulars. They are of the highest interest. [From Canton Press, 27th August.] Although no authentic accounts have yet been received from the seat of war, it is mentioned in letters from Canton of date of 24th August, that certain intelligence has there been received of Nan- king having been taken by the British force on the 23d of July. The few particulars attending the cap- ture of this important city, which have been kindly communicated to us are, that on the taking a great many lives were lost, that the Viceroy and other great officers of state escaped in good time, open- ing for their flight one ot the gates only of the city, while the others remained shut, and that the rush of the inhabitants to escape by flight was so great, that many hundreds were trampled to death. These are all the fe besten that have as yet come to our knowledge. The fall of the second city of the em pire seems to have made a great impression even upon the apathetic Chinese at Canton, who seem to be much distressed at this, to them, unexpected blow ; and to have created there a much greater sensation than any previous event of the war. This news has cast a gloom over the provincial city, whee business, for the time, was at a complete stand. We hope that a steamer, to convey this important intelligence, willbe ieee from the seat of war, and that we may soon be enabled to publish a more authentic and detailed account. at this new success of the British arms, who are said also to have taken several towns on their way to Nanking, and to have taken and fortified the Golden Teland, near the junction of the great canal with the Yang tze kiang, must cause a sensation much greater at Peking than at Canton, we have no doubt, particu- larly as combined with it is the klockade of the canal by which the supplies for the capital from the southern and central provinces were sent; and al- though it is said that Peking is always provisioned for about three years, we are inclined much to doubt this report, on account of the immense sum required for a sufficiency of provisions for so long a period to nourish at leasttwo millions of her inhabitants If any such stores exist, they are ably destined only for the support ef the Imperial household and troops. But the important question now is— what will, on receipt of this intelligence, be the line of conduct pursued by the government at Peking ? Will they persevere in their silence ?—continue ob- stinately bent on not making the first advances to- wardsa settlement? Will the Emperor still launch his harmless thunders, and threats of extermination against the barbarians? or will he at length see the Dy of his obstinacy which already has entailed such manifold evils upon the blackhatred race, and threatening, if persevered in, to involve them in others and greater? We hope the latter may be the result of the occupation of Nanking, but confess that we consider this hope unsupported by abili- ty—for hitherto the Court has not shown the al t est symptome of a wish for accommodation. If it should persist in its contemptuous silence, the pos- session of Nanking will, we fear, not be of at use, and not hasten an ultimate settlement of dif- ferences between the two nations. The season is too late for the British force to move to the Peiho and take the capital of China, and unless the Empe- ror be driven from his capital, we fear his pride and vanity will not be sufficiently humbled to con- sent to treat the hitherto despised barbarians as equals. Should, therefore,as we fear will turn out to be the case, no negotiations, sincere, on the part of Chinese, entered into, consequent on the fall of Nanking, the only way to entorce a treaty of peace, althor aps after the lapse of some years only, would to occupy the whole of the province of Kiangnan ; orga British govern- ment, driving evry Mandarin out of the country,and keeping force of it, until the court of Pe- king was brought to us senses. That the ssion of the richest and most central province of the Em- pire by an enemy, would sot 4 inconvenience and embarrass the goveroment ot Peking admits of nodoubt, and may prove the only means of coer- cing it into a concession of demands made by Great Brit But thia may possibly be a work of time, and may require still further accessions to the strength of the English army, which we believe,not counting marines or sailors does in all not exceed 14000 bayonets, from which garrisons at Chinhae, Tinghae, Amoy, and Hongkeng must be deducted; whilst the two provinces of Kiaagnan and Chekiang are equal in extent to about one half of France, containing, it is said, more than double the number of inhabitants of that country. The task of or- ganising agovernment in such extent of country, with comparatively so small a force, seems of the utmost difficulty, the more so as the Chinese have hitherto discovered the utmost reluctance to obey foreign rulers, as is exemplified by the little success bag renee! in the {get island of Chusan, of which the Engl up to the present moment, no- thing beyond the walls of Tinghae aad their own cantonment. i vs letters from the Yang tsze kiang of 8th July, we learn that the British force left Woosung on the 7th, on its way up towards Nanking. An eye-wit- ness writes it was a splendid sight to ree this enor- mous fleet, consisting in all of about 100 aail, with- out counting steamers, sail up that magnificent river. The Plover, Royalist, and Starling, surveying vessels, which accompanied by several steamers, had sur- yered the river as far as Nanking, had returned on! ly the day previ we believe reported the river navigable for the |i ‘ips up to Nanking. We are sorry to le sickness prevails to a great degree on the i: of Kolongsoo, near Amoy, amongst the ison, and that out of 400 of the 18th Royal Irish there are 117 sick, mostly with brain fever, we suppose brought on by the too libe- ral use of that dangerous spirit, Samshoo. (From Canton Register, 23d August.) On the balms of the 4th moon, the imperial “inking ent tna colsegéay ted on the ihking and his colleagues have reported on ti disorderly conduct of the rebellious ‘ians, and that the city of Chapeoislost. 7 The rebellious barbarians, having retired from Ningpo, again collected their ships and suddenly ad- vanced on Chapoo, attacked and desti | the city. The said general had not been able, previously to prepare means of defence, and the consequence was that Chapoo was lost. 1 order that Yihking, Wan- wei, Tih Eshun, and Lew Yung, all to be delivered over to the board of civil-offiees, for severe and in- creased punishment. Respect this. By another edict dated the 2ist of the 4th moon, these three officers, as a mark of special favor, though degraded, age retained in office. Under date 12th day, Hi the 5th moon, a million , of taels is ordered to be.sent to the province of Kea , On account of the momentous state of af- fairs in that province. Sth moon, 2ist te The Mantchow officers,Saeshangho, and his suite, are ordered to proceed im jiately to Teentsin, and there consult with Nuhne-king-gih. ‘rom the Canton Press, Aug. 20.) ‘ews From Tax Norru.—After having written the above, we hear of the arrival of the san, briny lates ¢ latter, it is said, to the August, We have feven no letters later than the Latest 2th Joly, et whichftime no authentic accounts {rom the expedition later than the 26th June, had been received. There were, however, among the Chi- nese, reports that Nanking had been taken by the English, and ransomed for an enormous sum; so large indeea was the sum reported by the Chinese, that on that acceunt chiefly the writers of the let- ters we allude to would not admit of its truth. It was at the same time said that negotiations for peace had been entered into between H. M. Pleni- potentiary and the Chinese government. We leave to our readers to judge of the probability of the truth of such reports; they disagree considerably with those we have lately heard from Canton, and are almost too favorable to believe them to be true. From Chusan we hear that about 900 men of H. M. 49th and 55th regiments were there lett in ison, but that British sway had not been extended beyond the town and suburbs. Sco ‘was again the order of the day, and four or five privates had been carried off by the Chinese. On one occasion a par- ty of five Chinese were just about b: @ sepoy, when they were discovered, and two of them tak- en, who, upon the fullest evidence, were convicted of the crime, and hung—an example which, if it had been resorted to at an earlier period,would have lye vented the kidnapping of many on the of Chusan and Ningpo and elsewhere. We hear that from the injudicious use of unripe fruit, sickn-ss ‘was not unfrequent at Chusan. Carture or Nanxinc.—The hong merchaats have received certain information of the fall of ‘he city of Nanking (the southern caritah, where he court of the last Chinese dynasty, Ming, resided,) but no official notification has been received fiom H. M.’s Pienipotentiary, nor have we seen any e- king gazettes, containing the report of the captire of that once famous metropolis. The paper, fom which we have made the following translation, vas received from Canton yesterday, She 26th;) anc it was forwarded as containing the latest news fram Peking. The capture is not precisely mentioned n the orignal document, but it may be easily inferred from the tenor of the second paragraph. _ e Gove ermor, New, is reported to have made his eseape in ood time ; it has alsobeen reported that he hansed imself when the English entered the city. ‘The Chinese in Canton are struck with sorrow and cn- sternation at the fail of the ancient capital of tleir native emperors; yet what other result could tiev hope for? The red ships we do not understand. It would appear from this paper, that the British force jedivided,a part being te the southward of Nan- ing. We are told that the Emperor is still in Pekng. Causan, Woosuna, Tus YANGTSZEKEANG, THE Great Canat, AND Nanxinc.—On the 19th inst. the transports Herald and Amelia Thompson, arrved in Hongkong Bay from Chusan. Butall the eiger hopes and anxious sxectatcee of the resident 3ri- tish community have been blankly disappointec in not receiving any public or certain private inforna- tion of the proceedings of the eastern expeditionary united naval and military force, since the evens of the 16th of June. A friend haskindly lent us some extracts fron pri- vote letters ; but the rumors they contain of thepro- ceedings of the British force are uncertain, anc not believed even by the writers. The dates from Chusan are to August 6 ; when a ramor obtained, founded on Chinese informaton, that the city of Nanking had been captured ; thi re- port is also re echoed trom Canton. No vessel iad arrived at Chusan, which hed been farther upthe Zangtszekeang than Woosung, but the fleet it is said moved from before Woosung on July 6, and tht a part of the advanced light squadron is in the grandca- nal,and some of the steamers off Nanking. The ravi- ‘ation of the ‘Son of the Sea ;” is said not to be ifficult, that five fathoms were found over the par, and a gocd passage to the great canal. It is also said that Keshen is again in the fitld; that he has sent ina communication to H. M.’sole- ninotensiary, which had been received anda rply given, inwhich was stated the sine gua non of the Bntish government. All this gossip must pass for just as much as itis worth; butitseems there ras en @ pause in active operations; and we fear this season is lost! Our extracts this week from the Peking Gazetes are not without interest just at this juncture of tine. The spirit which prompts his Imperial Majesty :o forbid all exportation of Saltpetre from Canton, aad toexpedite the movements of the reinforcements and treasure for Formosa cannot be mistaken. From the Peking Gazette] At Je-ho, the summer residence of the Emperor, a number of. robbers were some time ago arrested and thrown into prison. The wretched state of the prisons, and neglect by their keepers caused the pri- soners’ death. The Emperor orders the officers in charge of the Je-ho district to be handed over to the board of Punishments for allowing the culprits to ‘niin so long in zprison without bringing them to trial. Ta-hung-ho, the Commander-in-chief of all the land forces in the island of Formosa, submits a me- morial for the sacred glance, earnestly requesting a reinforcement of officers an . He bases Tequest upon an apprehended attack from the EB: lish, in revenge for a barbarian ship that was #- tacked and sunk kd the force under his pier | His Majesty complying with his request, sends offi- cers and troops, and treasure to the amount of three hundred thousand taels toward defraying the expen- ses of the army. The drought at Peking and region round about, noticed in former Gazettes, still continues, and the anxious husbandmen look in vain for showers. The Emperor orders u renewal of the sacrifices and paren to heaven for rain on the 16th of the moon, and in which his majesty is to be joined by both Taouand Budhist priests, and high officers, 5 _ ina sf t concerning the war in Che-keang, itis stated that the Brahe were compelled to eva- cuate both Ningpo and Tinghae, owing to the suc- cessful attacks made m them by the celestial troops, in which attacks four or five hundred of the barbarians were slain,and several of their ships shat- tered sunk. Great suffering and loss have been occasioned in Gan-hwuy Province by freshets and inundations.— The Emperor compassionates the people, and orders Tice to be served out to them frem the public grane- ties for the space of one month. , Owing to the high price of silver, and the depre- ciated value of the copper coin, called cash, the Emperor orders the entire cessation of the casting, for the present, ot the said cepper coin in the Pro- vinceofFokeen. . Yih-Shan memorializes the Court in favor of rewards being bestowed upon the shinsze, (“country gentlemen”) of Canton Province, who have so patriotically come forward with lorge sums of money, and placed them at the disposal of the high officers, towards defri ing the expenses of the war against the barbarians. The Emperor orders that careful examination be instituted, and the name and amount of every individual be registered and laid before him, declaring it to be the imperial de- termination to bestow tavors and honors on all the said patriots. The two Hong Merchants who had leftCanton by summons of the high officersin Che Keang, in or- der to afford their aid in negociating with the Bri- tish Plenipotentiary, have been peremtorily order- ed back by the Emperor,and they have safely reach- ed Canton. “Tan wan”—i. e. to pry and hear ;—to find out by en- quiry.—News. 1.—On the 8th «pbb 6th moon (July 15) the barba- rian ships entered an (wolf's hill); on the 14th day the foo district of Chinkeang was lost ; and the name Pood to orgs eo (renovated and flourishing) ; on the 9th upwards of ninety salt junks were burnt at 2.—-On the Oth of the 6th of moon (July 16) New, the go- vernor of Keangsoo, retired from Wooseih through Tu: Be to hold Keangning (Nanking); on the 10th he sent his ily back to the province SC Kansuh. On the 1ith, three barbarian ships arrived off the lower custom house of Nanking, orurzing about, and *said Bey wanted, abso- lutely,, possession of the city, on the 17th, 18h or 19th day warning the inhabitants to evacuate it; if not, they would open their fire ; early on the 12th two more barba- rian ships arrived ; and they then destroyed the lower custom house, opening a tremendous cannonade; and the whole place was set on fire. New, on that day, sent or- ders from his office about 2 p. m. fo shut the gates of the city; but the inhabitants crowding together to escape from the city, the gates were blocked up, and an innume- able number were crushed to death. 3.—The only. ofa salt merchant, when removing from Chinkeang to how, there to reside, numbering upwards of twenty persons, was attacked, and one wo- —— pags omen ene = faiviey he by the evils imps. Two (uni jandered ards of 30,000 thels ofsitver. ¥ and carried off u; Chaneellor, on the a large number of pw 4.—The lady of Ching, the 26th day of the 6th moon (July 6) returning to her home, when the family were off Kwachow, a barbarian ship fired a shot, and not a vestige of them was left. 5 e reapectable children of both sexes, outside the city of Eching, have been entirely carried off by native banditti; and pay, rich houses in the city have been lundered—it is not known if the city is lost (if the Eng- ish have possession of it.) City of Woohoo was lost on the 2st. (July don the 16th (July 23), the inhabitants of the Heen district of King, were and insulted by the ma- » a ie was goed the are e eit and 0} 6 prisons, < 3-<New; on beanie ¢ oh retired hk eel ae: ingfoo—t ‘also reported been tal by the native bandits, who are creating much confusion. ; By J. 8. Ed. C. R, Macao, Auguat 27th, 1842. ~ “ae Cc Markets. APoust 0.-sstmertcan Domenticen $4 60, no stock. Betel Nut—$1 6002, none in first hands. Demand small. Cochineal—$1 35, ne sales. Camlets—The duty on camletsis so high thatthe article i imported ; but sales are mgde in the outer waters jets are there enquired for , who Cotton—6-5 a 8.4 for Bombay; very few sales this week Stock in second hands large. Benga, none in Market.— Madras, 9 a 9.3 for Tinnevelly. restern, 56068. Sales to the extent of 3000 Stock in second hands a small. ‘otton Yarn—Nos. 20 0 40. $26 a 98, market heavy, stock , demand light. . re & 70 nominal. | No transactions [except among the Chinese. ‘ Long\Elis—Parple,$6 40;38carlet 10 60; Black’5\60, Lt Bing 5,20; Dark e610; Brown 9 20; Yellow® 20; Green r have been’ made within three “Fine ciceeIe i 02.00, mark ‘ ‘ithout transactions. ane 50, ‘No sales}, sealluse, bat the demand Putehuch—$9 010, Sales; stock ide rable. ksilver—$00. No foreign inthe market. en Bia eee very large. Almost nodemand. 8" 113 Timor, 4 a 6—abundant; 10, Ti 50 a 8 deman: 4 Slab, $13 a13 We saan: a ate tmall, demi Woollens—Su; . sales, = broadeloths, $175 hap ig tip eon) ip. stripes $1051 10. A pieces can be soldat these prices, sock and demand both Habit Cloths—$1 20271 25. Demand not large. a pxronrs.—Cassia: —$9} a 10 from smugglers; $12 from come. ‘middling to fine quality. Anko! j—2 a3 chops of low quality come. Hungmuey but Betle omnes yetetse Sie do scented, five or six chops come. ‘Ningyong Souchong—four or ive chops in, Statement of tea exported to the United States of Ame- rica, during the year June 30th, Lape rg ten son, 87,645; Hyson, % jhe Skin and Twankay, 21,202; Gunpowder, 9,249; Im) A and oe 21,125; Powchong, 6,335; Pecco, 627; Oolong, }2; total chests, 162,323, Exported since July 1st—Chests —Young Hyson, 6,049; Hyson, 489; Hyson and Twankay, none. Caper— 392; Gunpowder, 1,222, Im 835; Congou and wBachanfe-“Gald eal OS loach $51 pet al Se — , 98 toucl ti cee fine, 2 per cent ums ; Carolus dollars, PP y per cost permnn Mexican do. 3.04 per cep* discount ; Bills on ndon, 48, 8d. a 4a, Od., 6 mo. Freights—£5. Canton is at this time in a more tran quil an tne stany per sine 841. Rates oj Pric don 6 months sights 8d a is 9 days, 4s 6d ; on Calcutta do 30 days, 225 Co. rupees per 100 7 ta E. 1 Director's bills at 60" ht, sen cupens Per $100 ; On Bombay private bills at 30 days sight, 220 Tunees do do ; On Madras privete bills at $0 days sight, 225 rupees do do ; Sysce ‘sliver, in Canton 2 pcent premium, small at par ; Old head dollars in Canton 12 per centprem ; Ferdinand do do 717 weight ; Republican dollars, 54 0 6 per cent discount, for cut money ; Freight to London from Macao £4 a £4'10; from Whampoa £9. Imicration From Evrorg.—We find, according to the official returns of the Custom House, that during the last year, up to the 15th of this month, that 51,800 emigrants have arrived in this city, and that 9,521 have returned to Europe. It is probable, that at least 150,000 immigrants have during the year landed en our shores, atithis and other seaports, and by the way of Canada. A great number of those persons have brought a considerable amount of money with them; for there has been of late years,a marked and growing increase in the re- spectability of the emigrating classes. Great num- bers of the small farmers and land owners in Eng- land, Scotland, Ireland, France, and Germany, are now annually seeking comfort and independence in the fertile plains of the West. Of those who have returned, the great majority have been disappointed in their extravagant expec- tations of finding profitable employment immedi- ately on their arrival, But they commit a great error in returning to Europe. There the opportuni- ties of acquiring a competency and wealth, are im- measurably inferior to those which are ever within the reach of persevering industry here. There the advantages are every year becoming less—here they are every day becoming more and more in- viting. Every succeeding year 1s opening up new and vast tracts to the enterprising settler, and giving more cheering promise of future wealth and pros- perity. ‘Tue Srreer Sweertnc Contract, anp THe Boarp or ASSISTANT ALDERMEN THIS EVENING.—We are not positively informed, but think it very likely, the Board of Assistant Aldermen will meet this evening for the purpose of taking up this subject. It is doubt- ful whether this Board will ratify this contract so far as the five years are concerned, and we are of opinion that it will be better to let the contract run for one, two, or three years, on trial, and see how thesystem operates, At all events, trythe plan. No change can be for the worse. After this, then reform the police department, andthen the fire department, and we shall havea well governed city. Musicat—Tue Brauams.—Mr. Braham, accom- panied by his son, Mr. Charles Brabham, left town yesterday for Princeton, New Jersey, where they give a concert to-night of sacred and miscellaneous music. The Rev. Mr. Carnochan, the President of the University at Princeton, hastendered,in the most handsome manner, the use of the College @all to Mr. Braham, on occasion of this concert. The Messrs. Braham have been persuaded to give two Concerts at Niblo’s previous to their departure for the South. These concerts will be given on Mon- day and Wednesday evenings, next week. Mr. Horn’s New Sacrep Cantata will be pre- sented at the Tabernacle on the evening of Friday (to-morrow.) It is entitled ‘’ The Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide,” and will be received, we doubt not, not only by all who cherish loved remembrance of the old chimes gf England, but also by all who have an ear or heart for melody. During the per- formance, which will consist of solos, duettos, trios, quartettos, and chorus, part of the solemn Cathedral service will be chaunted and sung by double choirs, Decani and Cantoris. The princi- pal vocal parts will be sustained by Mrs. E. Loder, Mr. Horn, Mrs. Ferguson, the Misses Rogers, Mr. A. Phillips and Mr. Masset. Mr. Timm will pre- side at the organ, and a select orchestra will be led by Mr. U. C. Hill. After the Cantata a miscellane- ous act will be introduced, in which Sig. Rapetti will perform a celebrated solo on the violin. InstRUMENTAL Concert at Ninto’s.—A vocal and instrumental concert will be given at Niblo’s on Tuesday next by Mr. Jules Bley,a violinist, of whom fame speaks very highly. He is stated by excellent critics to be avery skilful performer. He will be assisted on this occasion by Mr. E. Loder, and Messrs. Tims and Alpers. Cuatnam Tuearre.—The superior tact, talent and enterprise of the popular manager of this fashionable place of amusement, is manifest from the throngs of delighted epectators which are nightly crowded within its walls. No expense is spared, no labor denied, to render it at once the most select and the most entertaining plece of resort in the city. Strangers who leave town without visiting the Chatham, lose one of the grandest of treats. A succession of superb novelties are in preparation for the holidays. To-night, we have again four choice pieces, and a crowded house must be the conse- quence. Late From Porto Rico.—It is reported by Capt. Bayley, of the Wm. Schroeder, at Newburyport, from Mayaguez 8th inst. that the coffee crop of the Island will not exceed half that of former years.— Also that lumber could not be disposed of in all the windward islands at first cost. Laks Ontario Fresu Samon.—Go to Fulton market—inquire for H. B. Potter’s stand, and look at his fresh salmon from Lake Ontario. He will have them from this day up to New Years. ALEXANDER, THE Murperer.—Great efforts are making in Philadelphia to procure a pardon for Al- exander. Why not release him, and give him a thousand dollars to repay for his sufferings. He on- ly killed, in cold blood, a broker. What's that to talk about in these latter days? D. D.—The degree of Doctor in Divinity hasbeen conferred upon the Rev. Archibald Maclay of this city, by the New York University. He is one of the oldest clergymen in this city," and has received the same degree froth the Columbia College at ‘Washington. ndid collect: uct Wednesda peanta te, instant, a collection of aluable and i tion Also: ,stlected noe Bp pan merino sears ake so pa dael, ased in Con- 0 fc Breat cost, — noiseurs and lovers of fine Biot ae solicited to sate will be exhibited with catalogues absolute next. ~affon= ERN MAIL. O(The i Saturday, was only received yesterday afternoon; we should have had it oa Sunday night. Tt contains the last portion of the amusing debate on the ‘Coast Survey,” reported in the true daguerreotyps method—and though a day after the fair, is still very rich :—) wi SOU ‘ashington, {Correspondence of the Herald.) ‘Wasutneton, Saturday Night. More Delay—Nothing Done in To day—The Coast Survey, Besides the offering of one or two resolutions, and the receiving of two or three communications from the Departments, nothing has been done in Con- gress to-day. The Senate did net sit, and the House was occupied all day in discussing the age and the merits of Mr. Hassler, the superintendent of the Coast Survey. As soon as the journal was read, a Bill relating to the lands granted to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum in Kentucky was read a second time. Col. John Campbell, of South Carolina, La man of fine talents and high standing, and one of the most gentleman- ly ever in the House,) introduced his colleague, Mr. Samuel W. Trotti, to the Speaker, whenhe took the oath and his seat. A member then introduced a resolution that each member of Congress should have a of the Ca- talogue of the Congress Library, out of the 500 still unappropriated ; this was carried. : Mr Everett, of Vt.—Mr. ker, I move,'sir, to introduce a bill for the éstablishment of the public credit of the country. (Roars of laughter, from all sides of the'House, and cries of “thow are you going to do it?” “Everett has found the philosopher’s stone !"’) The motion was deferred. A resolution then passed calling on the President for all the details, of every kind, connected with the penitentiary of the District of Colu mbia. Mr. Fintmore then moved to go into committee of the whole, to take up the Spcresatae bill. A di- vision was called for, when there were BIH Mosh ih. Boe Tre pr 100 Sreaxer.—There is not a quorum present. Frumorg.—Mr. Speaker, there is evidently a quo- rum present, if gentlemen will come into their seats and vote. (Many members were straggling about the House.) Tellers were Ayes, appointed, and there were Fa 53 139 So the House went into committee of the whole. Mr. J. R. Inersora. had the floor, and spoke tor an entire hour in defence of Mr. Hassler. He said he came to America from Switzerland in 1805-6, having previously finished an important survey in his own conntry. An act of Congress passed Feb- ruary 10, 1807, to have the whole Atlantic coast sur- veyed. Mr. Hassler had then been Professor of Mathematics at West Point, and at the college at Schenectady. There was nct an instrument in the country fit for the SUEY, and about 1808-9, Mr. Hassler was sent out to Europe to get all the ne- cessary apparatus for the efficient carrying on of the work. He was absent five or six years, and then returned laden with the rich fruits of his toil and researches. In 1816 this great work was about to go into operation, when the Jaw was altered so as te allow no one to eonduct the survey who was not an officer of the army or navy. It was thus suspended for years, Pailin 1832 the act of 1807 was revived and passed, and the coast of Florida added thereto; and Mr. Hassler was again appointed to the entire superin- tendence of the work, August 9, 1832. He gave new life to that which had lain dormant and dead without him. Since that time he has been hard at work on the survey, and a year ago he presented areport (Doc. 28 of the last session} by which it appears that the survey then extended over 11,000 square miles from the east end of Rhode Island, to the Chesapeake Bay; there were 82 folio volumes of his ‘own observations, 94 folio volumes of the ob- servations of his assistaats, 34 folio volumes of cal- culations, 140 maps, and 80 charts already in the Department, the results of his labors and superin- tendence. [The a open for the same has been $1,000,000] The harbors of Bridgeport, of New Haven, the Bays of New York, Newark, and many other important peints had been most accurately and carehuly surveyed. Gentlemen talked of bis age—why he was only 72! [Laughter] a younger man than the great hero Blucher was when at the battle of Waterloo; and that hero was laughed at by those who did not know his mental energies be- cause he satin a carriage, and wore an old woman’s bonnet whilst giving orders to his army. [Laughter.] Wisr.—And Marshal Saxe once commanded his urmy, and won a hard fought battle, when he had to be carried on a litter to the field. Inaxnsot.—Why, sir, whe is the most active, the most attentive, the most untiring, the most ex- perienced, not to say the most intelligent member of this house, (here all eyes were turned to Mr. Ad- ama), he who draws around him vast store-houses of learning ashe advances in years, rich experience, and finely matured judgment, whose eye and whose intellect are not dimmed by the natural course of y ears—why, a gentleman whose is nearly the same aa Mr. Hassler’s, and yet the latter is declared mentally incompetent from age. [Hear, hear.] I , then, sir, we shall not question the advan- tages of that inan who has the rich learning and ex- perienes of age, over youth and inexperience. Nes- tor, sir, was not an inefficient coadjutor in the coun- cils of the poverscens when they sat down to the siege of Troy. Old Mr. Charles Field (or Peel) ead when he get to be a hundred he should consider himselfanold man. Age,sir, depends on infirmity, and not years. Let us therefore hear no more of Mr. Hussler’s mental incompetency owing to age. Mr. Ingersoll proceeded to the extent of tris Hour in pretty much the same strain, defending Mr. Has- sler, and advocating the Sepropriation, fi Ex-Governor Reynowns, of Illinois, then rose. A Memprr.—Now we shall have a speech ; look out. Cxairman.—Gentlemen will please suspend con- versation. Cries of “ order,” ‘ order”! Mr. Reynonns proceeded.— «Biren from Penn- sylvania, has been as warm, and as zealous an ad- vocate of friend Hassler, as though friend Hassler had given hima good fee to defend him [Laughter] which of course is not the case—oh no! [Great laughter) I am told that friend Hassler isa man of science—a man of learning—and I heerd here to-da: that he’s a ee php {Great pages): rm. lad of it. {Lavg! tet] Now I hain’t nothing agin friend Hassler. Idon’t object te him because he’s a fo- reigner, [laughter] because a few years ago we was all foreigners. [Roars of laughter] and a good many on us act worse than any foreigners now. [Lau; i! J oe tothe Seatieman oy Philadelphia, if frien jett is turned out, this great bli will have to stand still ! Se ee A Memerr.—He didn’t say that. beeyicpemy hin got the hull hour, and I mean to touch on all the pints (great laughter,) afore I sit down. hte sir, this'work was suspended from tet eecbowly the Republic didn’t stand still. T’m not a man of that sort as despises science, and wants to put itdown. (Laughter) One of them barbarians asthe gentleman spoke of. (Laughter.) I’m not a barbarian (great laughter,) to overturn science ; but still I must object to the remarks of the gentleman from Pennsylvania. He called a ma- jority iat Committee, sir, a fragment! (Roars of laughter.) By what right did he cali nose gen- tlemen a fragment? (Langhter.) That's the worst kind of aristocracy, sir, that won’t let the majority tule, 1 hope the gentleman isn’t one of that sort of aristocrats? [Laughter] Although he does live in the fine city of Philadelphy, I think it would take better logic than his to show that two is a majority out of five. (Roars of laughter.) Why, sir, he talked like alawyer, sir. 4 ~ Mempan.—(Laughing)—He is a lawyer, Rey- nolds Reynoins.—The gentleman is a lawyer— A Memner.—A first rate lawyer. a) food lawyer, Lineghter and Phiedetoby leper a good lawyer, [laughter] and » to beotat that. [Roars of laughter all round the Hous, in which Ingerso!l joined.j 1 looked on him asa lawyer, sir, cause of his Ege i (Laughter.] He pleadas wellas though he’d been paid for *t. [Much laughter.] He answered that the committee had made no report. Ys sit, was special i proeain [Laughter.] What is a report, sirt Not the paper on which Gales & Seaton prints it ; but the intelleet which the Lord has given to ’em. [Continued langhter.] I’m speaking ta common sense, as T understands it; and I say they have reported. There is one thing that e3 ntlemen advocate these things—they live under their influence. Now the gentleman lives in Phila- delphy, where the Coast Survey is popular, and ere the money is to he spent, sir. He lives un- derits influence. Now, I don’t go all Owen's doc- trines, about cause and effect, it leaghteg) bat T know certain causes paral . effects, {Roars of nee i oe rea as baa a i” aati ae nr ci i] iy don’t blame the ‘wanting to get all the money the , Sec. It’sa natural feel. I pet eghter) But I blame them for that because a man’s been in office a great ears, that he oughtn’t to be turned out.— doctrine would never do for no party, no a >_> insult to ‘Lat 5 itfain’t so! (Roars of Ph Cane an Pal ane 5 "3 West Poi Badr fu pore pil much nal it in fete, West Point ought to furni: i work as well as fri if i work as well as friend Hassler Si ante ay oa jim ce ol our (Roars of laughter.) a e N Mr. J. R. INcensout.—l will say, sir, that I con- sider there is no officer in the Navy, or officer ae ee Eo one we ial aes know. 8 the jar a ledge and ability to carry on this work equal to Mr. Mr. Aycriae said, that the committee asked ’se- veral of Mr. Hassler's assistants that question, amd they said there were geveral navy officers that could do the work as well. Mr. Mattory said that with regard to Mr. Hass- Jer’s age, he must be over 73; for when examined be- fore the Committee, he said he had been 56 years in the service of this country—56 years devoted to dip- lomacy and juri mee, as he id it— (Laughter.) . Mr. Ineunsont said he had just received a note from Mr. Hassler’s son, which said, “ My father is between 78 and 74 years en ee Mr. Rernowps.—Very well, then, he’s old enough to retire. (Laughter.) ‘There’s no in that— (Laughter) A good many of us have to retire sooner than we want to. (Shouts of laughter, as he turned te several defeated members of ss.) Let him retire from them srows and te! as the gentleman said, was a howling areund him. (Roars of laughter.) There’s no disgrace in being obliged to retire froma place when we're defeated and can’t gay in it. (Laughter) Why, sir, Pve been defeated, (roars of laughter) altho’ ‘T should a liked to ba’ been elected again; but I ’t votes gariey CBeaia of laughter.) And here’s my friend husetts. Caraing to Parmenter.) He’a ’'d ha’ had 11 votes to ha’ hadn’t been illegal, I’'4 adone it. .) Well, here we are, two on us—boch turned out—[Laughter] both got to retire. (Great laughter.} I’m sorry for it—sorry to leave such good company. [Shouts of laughter.] _Butl don’t consider it any there’s no crime in it—no crime to retire. Well, then, let friend Hass- ler retire’; there’s no stigma attaches to his charac- ter for it; and ’msure he’ll be muchf! er and comfortabler than he will by stay ng J, having Site ae ese up for him = agin him. , Sir, didn’t you hear tl we nee of the Treqsianen “from Philedclhy, when he, ke of the howlings of the storm, an the ii the winds and snows, and all that, and about his being exposed to the peltings on the tented field, because a tent was aluxury that he didn’t indulge in. [Here itis utterly im le to give the faintest idea of the really humorous comical manner‘of the good common-sense old Governor; he attempted to imitate Mr. Ingersoll, and to quote him; and waved hishand around his ‘head, and spoke and looked so serio-comic that all the members and tors, andeven the ladies in the gallery out with laughter; the good old gentleman all the while look- ing as grave es an owl in an ivy bush in the dai time.] Now, sir, there’s been a good deal pe about forgery and fabrication on one of the charts. Why, sir, the gentleman from Philadelphy knows all about forgery and fabrication; (shouts of laughter,] I mean as a lawyer. (Continued laughter’, de understands what constitutes forgery, [laughte:, and he knows there is no forgery ere. (Laughter.} That gentleman knows well the philosophy of the quo animo which goes to make up a torgery. [Roars of Jaughter.}_ I speak the words, as the gentleman understands the meaning, and is better acquainted with Adi eb am. Claughter,) but he seers tees must be a malicious malignant quo animo design to cheat before there can be a for ._ [Great laugh- ter.) Then. ay wears oa ne pat Hassler’s reat) scientific skill must employed, because there is. so eg ed age be took. [Laugh- ter.] Why, sir, there’s no great art in sounding.— [Roars of Niagtier, and a cry of “ Exceptin sound- ing a politician.”] Why our rcugh western boat- men can sound as well as friend Hassler. [Great langhter.] It’s only heaving down a leap and a line into the water, and singing out what you’ve got. [Roars of lnughter] I don’t know all the cries, but I know the important cry is “ Three feet scant.” They may not know, sir, how to tell a tri- angle from a circle [peals of pees but they can tell how far itis from the of their boat to the bottom of the water. [ J) Why, sir, there’s a gentleman in the gallery, a friend of mine, flocking up] and if he was down here on this floor, he could tell—but he’s doi much better business sir, an act of gallaacry, {Here the members were convulsed with | < iter, and all eyes were di- rected to the ladies in the gallery, who laughed, blushed, and drew back from the ardent gaze of the a eet I ey sir, if _ he ‘ Pap his oe and come on this floor, [laughter] he could tell us, sir, how that a Navy Bf ny surveyed Lake Onta- rio accurately, and never charged government one cent forit. [Hear.] And there’s as much travel on our Lakes as there ison the Atiantic—and our seas and shores. *Tis true we can’t do without the Atlantic*—but still we ought not to d so much money on ere the itie.— What’s the use of it? T survey of our inland lakes and rivers is much more neces- po carom to survey the Atlantic. (Turning to Mr. Fillmore] And here 1 this most pewerful officer ef this House who holdsthe money strings, sir. [Great laughter.]_ He ought to know that it’s more im- ortant to improve the navigation of the ppt iver, than all the other improvements in the coun- try. (Mr, Fillmore bowed assent.] Why, there’s three millions of property lost there every year, and if gentlemen were te go there, and see steam boat grave yardon the Ohio, and wrecks setters et men es So Sone plc rs we've A Boston custo om pone (Lau ai These houses e time a copous hoses never to be done? (Laughter.) [ hope the pillars ain’t tobe paid fortwice. [Laugh- ter.]_ No, sir, we must economise; every bedy it iG . practising it, and this Government’s to come to it, too. Hear.]. Why, sir, whe all the Cap- talos oft he Sea in this house, that was down a RE Santer (Mere Jaughter.]. _He wes the this House, sir, in to cut down Why, sir, there was J, Ingersoll) whe was ciary. [Great leon at it, sir. @ of frogs i . pts Wwenk that they died away of their own ac- ter.) But my (Cave Johnson), and McCoy! es ‘ i from North Carol F Mr. C.J. I passed by him, and a manine culled out, Herc your tain 9 » s.— Aye, here he i enw coceah, Fe oto 16 wee him, torhe'sa ni of large discourse.t (Here the shouts of laughter were perfectly eon But, Sir, my time’s come—I have spoken so much, not for myself, (iowa ih treat of bento tame sAod'y hope the ee Hieallec may be canplpyed to (haan eth oe to Be Reynolds delight Z of Sophocles had as little to do (Laughter.) I am for re :enchment. in proper way. I go for reducing the army ap- tions even more than last year. I don’t want to save at the spigot and let out at the bung hole. I shall vote to cut down this appropriation; not all of it; leave enough to pay Mr. and his assis- tants to work out the field notes he has already tak- en, and then stop the survey till the Treasury is in a better condition te pay for it. At present, the credit * By “ Atlantic,” Mr. R. meant the Atlantic Const Syr- This referred to Mr. remark of last session, that “ Man is a creature of a large discourse,’ | with e 7