The New York Herald Newspaper, November 18, 1842, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. VILI.—-Ho. 300 --- Whole Ho, 3170. NEW YORK, FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 18. 1842. THE NEW YORK HERALD—daily newspaper—pub- lished every day of the year except New Year's day and Fourthof July. Price 2 cents per copy—or $7 26 per an- num—postages paid—cash in advance. THE WEEKLY HERALD—published every Saturday morning—price 6} cents per copy, or $3 12 per annum— postages paid—cash in advance. ADVERTISERS are informed that the circulation of the Herald is over THIRTY THOUSAND, and increasing fast. It has the largest circulation of any paper in this city, er the world, and is therefore, the best channel for business men inthe city or country. Prices moderate—cash in ad- vance. NEW YORK LANCET, published weekly, price 12} cents per single copy—Scents by the quantity. The price of this valuable periodical has hitherto been too cheap, in comparison to its utility, intelligence, and workmanship. It has, therefore,,been advance! to $5 per annum for one year—$3 for a half year—or 12} cents per single copy—cash in advance, and postages paid. REVOLUTIONARY RELICS, or Letrens addressed by distinguished men to George Clinton, formerly Go- veruor of New York, during the revolution, and first pub- lished by permission of his grandson, Col. Beekman. A beautiful octavo edition in mumbers—price 12} cents each. THE ATHENEUM, 4 New Mowtutr Journat or Awenican anv Fonsion Liteaarune, Science, ann THE Vine Ants—Each number adorned with a beautiful en sraving—price only 12} cents each. PRINTING ofall kinds, executed at the most moderate prices, and in the most elegant style. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprietor or THe Herat Estap.isnMent, Northwest cerner of Fulton and Nassau streets. To Advertisers, For the infermation of business men and of the public generally, and as a guide in the selection of the best channel for advertising, we place before our readers the following facts}:— New Yorx Henan’ Sux Orrice, N. ¥.,} Orrice, Nov. 1, 1842. ta hes 1942. 5 Messas. Pensse & Brooks: Mr. H.V. Borer :— GENTLEMEN :— Sin — Please deliver at the Sun Office, N. Y., five hundred reams of ‘per week, for six months trom the 15th of October, 1842, to be of this quality, size weight, the same to be paid for in cash every two weeks. M. Y. BEACH. I accept the above order, and gree to furnish the pa- Please to deliver at the Herald Office, New York 750 reams per week of the amall sized paper 23>432— for sie Dy ‘Herald. oe reams per week of the large sized 32 >¢46 for the ‘Weekly Herald,for one year from this date, to be of quali- £y eanahte, this speciaen— yments to be made each a week in cash, in fullfor that per accordingly. week, H. V. BUTLER. JAMES G. BENNETT. 1, 1 We accept the above or der and will deliver it as di- rected. PERSSE & BROOKS, No. 61 Liberty street. Jaurs Rows, Banven Brenan, ¢ Witnesses. By these documents it will be perceived that the circu lation of the New Yonx Henao, ie nearly double that of the Naw Yorx Sun, and that it is, consequently, 90 much the more an eligible channel for all kinds of advertising and business notices. Not a further word is necessary to satisfy'the public. JAMES G. BENNETT Father Miller’s Great Camp Meeting Is new published in a splendid EXTRA HERALD, in the quarto form, being a full account of each day’s proceedings, for ten days, of the Second Ad- vent) believers, in Newark, including their sermons, songs, prayers, &c., together with the sayings of the Rey. Mr. Brownlee against them!; illustrated with three beautiful engravings, a portrait of the Prophet, and several scenes on the camp ground. Price 6} cents per copy—or 4 cents by wholesale. Newsboys look out. ‘This brochure exhibits human nature in @ new, racy and original shape, far superior to all the flimsy fictions of Boz. It is fact, more wonderful than fancy. SE TTD M4"! ‘ARD wacrongan. ‘OGSWELL removed from 114 Alien velt Strset, ~My 2 of Sa beatae pa Finis hea oreomred aed. oe the article at short notice Tiberal credit, pat up in any style. Hotela und tarnilies with an elegant article. country mustard: om GAZINES & PERIODICALS FOR NOVEMBE Meee: son’ Young Peoples” Boston end Beni ~ fe Miveefeny. Be Ferm flonan the Se gutary, with more raviaas 3 Maranner edited &, eee ened ahd De Newell "Ten. rauce and Other Almanaes ; the Rainbow and Radic amorous and witty J mal, well caleulated to pk lel y. “All of which will be. sold at wholesale and retail, Pie, bay to soll agsin os lower rate than cal, Rey ee ETON, Noli beckons nS ime eorner Nassau. WELUINGTON A CARTER, Wine ond Communion Merchant, No. 5 New street, ose door from Wall street, tas ou basa vod We dally Tegelving, choice arncles, and offers or city acceptances. He moderate prices, offers for sale a 100 hhds and packages of Lomeline Madeira Wine 10 Malmsey Vintage, of 1812, a Port, pure juice, the best in the market, fi casks , Gold and other 2 ¥, Deignette 53 8 Sherries, Otard Brandy from Lon- for the sven of takes order for their coleorated | i PETER, CLOVES, te. ‘Stes anal ae wh lpg he leecher Mie gr 3 ALTERS MEL mand, packages. ‘EE ld street. hb Office 120 Front st. Constantly on at the lowest market Driges. and iv the nanal vintery of aT mm SMILIES GUING BUU LH, wo the Wi bby EN A De rE years of age, wi to obtain a permanent s n as seamstresa, in a centect family, Bre would prefer going to Bnropes et ogee srengs ot iy th he Pee LEN eee ret ae ork. slor AL'T’.—2600 sacks, Ashton’s factory filled, landing from ship al See ee COLLINS a Cols Beda: QUESTRIAN ACADEMY.—The subscriber would E' speedily inte ‘na bathes gad Centlewes a New Yor ang Brooklyn, that he has pened an Academy, (in that lange and commusious formerly known as 4 or Cook's. uigas, oF Bowery, on Vauxhall Garden| the instruction of orepes pad dE NSS healthtul Recessary » act of horsemanship in all its toms; and avery sont eatinse fee hese ae enh ae ‘oun ‘ ‘ ity will be adherestto. tak the strgtent revard to respectabil m1. U nas mage arrangements with Mr. W.J. Davis, one of the ojdest professors from Europe, to take charge of the same, cuspoamremestal C alead pietms and particulars may ou application as Ramone peat steers fete geen cas Fey e enlS, baie chr shal tera decane, merci H. SEGER. ES CT CR ‘¢RANCIS'S PATENT LIFE BOAT? has Witepes froryoice'a coves sexewd aunty cops as ws Manned thrown from the deck o: . rn ‘a steam! o < aed by force upeids down and retin of 13 moi to keep her so j urmet by her ‘and recery- jug them again «aside and freeing cul frm bottom stove in by sh then rowed % og ina surt, when ali o' and passengers {rom a wi stove tu jingon a , bunts swamped ; taking crew Wishdine s stonck wien the bore ‘arding © wreck. wi 4 leaving a sitking wreck fallof pascetmers, with the nd toed’; making way, neross a Coral revi ag off © passengers, leaving the ordiaary < theuwn from the deck of © ship endwise and ‘and bows. broken throauh ausd botto re er al —— persons ; sides m7 Hoven aud rowed in deep water, Se, and finally biown ny by ‘plosiony f aeaig. pane before ns TORE RMANCIS Ys Bexpreas a ‘Office No.7 Wall st., at Adams & Co. me DOGTOK ELLIOTT, OCULIST, AND OPTHALMIC SURGEON, Preset to DISEASES OF THE EYE. Office 261 Broadway, corner of Warren street. n2 Imr T DISCOVERY in Camphine and Chemreay to bam at one hall, the expense of has heretofore existed in ly obviated, by means ther important ‘ianprovetments which, fy the pak “ a te He that they ean now obtain a Lain sien fo an v sinell produce au America, Within the space of a year from the appearance of Mr. Stephens’s admirable work on the ruins of Central America, we have here another most admi- table work by another traveller in those regions, Mr. Norman ; which will be published in a few days by the Brothers Langley, 57 Chatham street, This work is entitled “Rambles in Yucatan, or Notes of Travel through the Peninsula.” Itincludes within its pages besides, a most excellent descrip- tion of the Province et Yucatan‘at the present day, the manners, customs, government, politics, finane- es, and commerce of the country, an invaluable ac- count of the celebrated ruins of Yucatan, embrac- ing particularly those of Chi-Chen, Zayi, Kabah and Uxmal. To say that it is excellently printed and well got up, would be faintpraise for its deserts. Its typogra- phical execution is without exception the very best that has ever appeared in this country, notwith- standing the fame of the Boston edition of “ Fer- dinand and Isabella.” In short, in its paper and typography it is equal to the best Enghsh books, and may take rank with Pickering’s Al- dine editions. It contains, we believe, near- ly fifty engravings fof the various ruins, scenea, idols, &c. &c., that Mr. Norman met with in South America ; some of which we here give as a speci- men of the extraordinary magnitude, and beauty, and general nature of the ruins. These views are well executed in the lithographic style of Mr. Endi- cott, from Mr. Norman’s original drawings. Of the literary contents, our space, at present, permits us to say but little ; however, we give such an abun- dance ofextracts from the work: itself, that the reader can easily form his own opinion. There is an appendix, containing an historical account of the early inhabitants of this ‘continent, tra- ditions, &c., and various . historical matters, more or less connected with the ruins, that is alone worth the price of the work ; and from which we learn that nearly the whole surface of Yucatan is covered with most extensive ruins. The work is written in a plain, unpretending, but distinct style, that leaves the reader in little doubt as to the au- thor’s meaning. We consider it a highly valuable addition to our national literature, and feel certain that it will occupy a prominent place: in every li- brary in the country. Before giving the extracts, it is only necessary to say that Mr. Norman landed at Sisal, travelled thence to Merida, Isamal, Valladolid, thence to the ruins of Chi-Chen, from there to the ruins of Zabah and Zayi, then to those of Uxmal, and back to Merida. From Merida he went to Campeachy, whence he embarked for home. We now let this enterprising traveller speak for himself. THE LADIES OF YUCATAN—A SCENE AT SISAL. Supper deing over, dancing was resumed. Those la- dies and gentlemen who were not upon the floor, were smoking. The ladies here are General smokers 3 and do it, too, with a grace which, to a smoker, isa study. At first, it appeared rather strange to receive, from the deli- cate fingersof a female, a lighted cigar, yet fresh with the flavor which her own ips had imparted to it ; but, with such tuition, we were quickly qualified to assume the customs of the country, and we now flatter ourselves that we can go through all that delicate etiquette with as much ‘The New Work on the Ruins of ocr ease as jh we were “to the manner born.” Thela- dies were dressed in the Spanish style, and quite phim, 1 they chiefly require animation. eir com- plexion is rather brunette, their hair dark, eyes black ; and, generally, they are of a low stature. id - A SCENE aT MERIDA. Christmas eve we passed upom the Alameda, the public promenade of the city. The occasion brought together the great mass of population. The Tones eee ‘° ret til; eile tastefully thrown over their heads} and a Deautifal moonlight is; and a beautiful t evening was rendered still more charming by their smiles.” ‘The great majority were Indians. Their white, loose, cotton dreas bordere with colored needle-work, with the janty veil, carelessly worn, gives them an airy appearance, end embellishes features that are naturally pleasant and mild. There bably wore six thousand inthis collection, ming: ling with the multitude, without any epparent distinotion of rank or race, quietly indulging themselves in thi walks. No loud talking or merriment could be’ heard. Every thing tobe conducted in @ of harmony and kind feeling. The temperance pleige was alike unnecessary end nown. MORALS OF THE YUCATECOS. Notwithstanding the acknow! debasing effects of their sports and which wholly ce: of bull- baiting. cock-fighting, and gambling, they are not disgra- _ by hee! cheer or Seana it is a singuler fact, that although the iD it toral among alltclastes ef society, male ond female ira epness and its concomitant vi are unknown. The ‘iests give countenance to these recreations, if they ma: 80 called, both y their presence and participation. {t is but due tothe Yucatecos to say, that during my resi- dence in their province, I never observed any cheating or P pdigeen el S gaming table, nor have is beng og others tem imj © means to participate in tl hazard of the gam! table, after the manner of at tae North. Gambling seems to passion peculiar to be ad n ulpesieaial pe ged which he ulges Limobeg hod juite mercenary considerat; s. ble with cards; butot ‘the skill or aren ten names of their games, I must plead an utter ignorance. A WALL IN YuoaTAN. During my stay inthecity of Meride, a ball wasigiven at the Governor's house, apropos of some political event, which T didnot et2em of moient enough fo remember. — usual upon such oc ‘were gran a tions. ‘The map-millinel’® were baully eneaged ape f ‘upon fe- male finery—and their shop-boards were ith the most ualimited geiety. Every door-wa; thepria. cipal streets,throug! the day,was fledwith seat- ut upon stools, (their favorite posture,) ‘working {i ar- ti anticipation of the ap reaching fertivae But ‘heis dresses gaping behind, and hanging ly upon their shoulders, and their slip-shod feet, made them appear ex. ceeding slovenly at home, and awakened in me a strong desire to see them in full toilet at the ball in the evening. On entering the hall, I passed through a dense line of ladies arranged along the corridors, principally mi a8, and wall-flowering spinsters. ding the corridors. The dancing had already commenced. At first sight, the display was dezzing ; but after the lapse of a few minutes, the fascination ipated. The absence of ail couversa- tion, even of smalltalk, which upon such occasious is a ief, re even the ball-room, like all their other do- mestic institutions here, ingly monotonous and dull. During the dance, not a lip is seen to move—like Marry at’s wench, they refuse to talk, because they came here to dance! At the conclusion of a cotillion, the ladies took seats separate frem the gentlemen. They dressed here in very good taste; though a partiality for brilliant colors was er too conspicuously displayed for > erneye. There was no extravagant display of jewelry or rich lea, in which particular I may be pardoned for commending their example to my own fair countrywo- men. There were many pretty faces, that onl; expression to renderthem charming. The skill of the man-milliner, however, deserves full credit. I will edd, for the benefit of my bechelor friends, that there were in attendance about twelve ladies to one gentleman. This disproportionate abundance of females is common in warm climates, and constitutes, I believe, one of Bishop Warbur- ton’s a ents in defence of in Asia. The le- dies in the corridors were their during the whole evening, and on. ing the mono. tony of their ee ‘on a tel cor- Fe ca ema pee 57 their bors by the aid of eir fans. THE WOMEN OF YUCATAN. ‘The social condition of the female sex in Yucatan, so far as my observation extends, compares very favorably with that of females of the same rank in the other provin- ces of Mexico. The Yucatecos ladies generally attend to their household affairs, and to the education of their chil- dren , but though theit habits are rather domestic, the standard of virtue is not to be estimated as high as in the United States. Their personal attractions are quite in- considerable. In the absence of animation and intelli- gence, is left to fascinate or to be loved. The bru- nette com, \. sogeie features, black heir, and eyes f the same color, predominate. ‘ihey dress in the Spa- nish fashion —bright colors are generally preferred —with a light veil thrown over their anda profusion of Jewellery, and ornaments fully arranged about pk eae sation x walk ont, except to chure Spear more vantage than at any ot place. At there houses, their eurelessness of dress amonnts toslovenness. They most the day, swimming "a their urteed ~ foun Cigars in their mouths, or making their door! boge Cet es It tr eneral cusets bese ths ies sleep mn this su "Those " customed to the lexery ‘of s bedstead ire not weal reoon, ciled to Pome toehien een jants have in vain tried to dis: cover a sufficient reason La Clea, to the exclusion ofthe bedstead, * °f tere arti The gambling ‘ies of the Jadies are as stron those orthe of abt sare }» however, be Dor a duige in to so great an extent. They mingle lie fivles, bat Sosa orderand teoorala alwaye orate A stranger is particularly struck with the apathy of wife in her household sftairs. She is seldom seen in con- versation with her husband. Being poorly educated, she i hi She is rarely seeu common topi Send sband source ; and, in the sw: of the hammock, of feot houre are loet in forgetfulness; Bawaior1 trasa my GFeet surprise, was but litle cultivated, Price Two Cents, GROUND PLAN OF THE RUINS OF CHI-CHE ical g. The Temple. &: Micellancous ruins. ¢. Pyramid. d, Dome. ¢: Mouse of the Caciques Gaounn Pian or ta® Ruins or Cut-Cuen. Itwason the morning of the 10th of February that I di- rected my steps, for the first time, towards the ruins of the ancient city of Car-Curn.* On arriving in the immediate neighborhood, I was compelled to cut my way through an almost impermeable thicket of under-brush, interlaced and bound together with strong tendrils and vines; in which labor I was assisted by my diligent aid and companion, José. I wasfinelly enabled to efivct © passage; and in the course of a few hours, found myself in the presence of the ruins which Isought.' For five days did 1 wander up and dawn among these crnmbling monuments of a city,which, I hazard littie in saying, must have been one of the largest the world hasever seen. 1 beheld before me, for a circuit of beef milesin diameter, the walls of palaces and tem- ples arid pyramids, more or less dilapidated. The earth wasstrewed, as far as the eye could distinguish, with co- lumns, some broken, and some nearly pe fect, which seemed to have been planted there by the genius of deso lation which presided over this awful solitude. Amid these solemn memorials of departed generations, who have died and left no m but these, there were no indi- 8 of animated existence save from the bats, the liz~ the reptiles, which now and then emerged from vices of the tottering walls and crumbling stonr that were strewed upon the ground at their base. No marks of human footsteps, no signs of previous visiters, *Chi-Chen signifies, Mouth of a Well.‘ Itza,"svid to be the Maya uame tor one of the old possessors of these ruins, is sometimes added by the natives. NOTES TO GROUND PLAN OF CHI-CHEN. SW Use g. Hacienda, A. Evidences of large splendid strac- wares were discernible; nor is there goad reason to believe that any perton, whose testimony of the fact has been given t? the world, had ever betore broken the silence which reigns over these sacred tombs of a departed civilization. ‘The lndians for many leagues around, hearing of m: arrival, came to visit me daily; bat the object of my toil was quite hgyond their comprehension. ‘They watched my every motion, occasion illy looking up to each other with an air of unfeigned astonishment; bat whether to gather an explanation from the faces of their neighbors, or to express their contempt for my proceedings, I have per- mitted myself to remain in doubt up to this di Of the builders or occupants of these edifices w were in ruins about them, they had not the slightest idea; nor did the question seem to have ever occurred to them belore. After the most careful search, 1 could discover no tradi- tions, no superstidons, nor legends of any kind. Time and foreign oppression had paralyzed, among this unfortunate people, those organs which have been ordained by the God of nations to transfer history into tradition. All com- munication with the past here seems to have been cut off. Nor did any allusion to their ancestry, or to the former oc- cupants of these mighty palaces and monumental temples, produce the slightest thrill through the memories of even the oldest ladians in the vicinity Defeated in my antici- pations from this quarter, I addressed myself at once to the only course of procedure which was likely to give me any solution of the solemn mystery. I detrmined to de- vote myself to a careful examination of these ruins in de- tail. RUINS OF THE TEMPLE AT CHI-CHEN. } | Healers AN Melos RUINS OF THE TEMPLE at Cui-CueEn. My first study was made at the ruins of the Temrxe.} These remains consist, as will be seen by reference to the engraving, of four distinct walls, I entered at an opening in the western angle, which I conveived fo be the main entrance; and presumed, the broken walls, ceilings, and pillars still standing, that the opposite end had been ¢ location of the shrine oralter. ‘4 ia eisrearees wi two sc lars, much defaced by ie hing rains“ feet only Pomel nin; . them. pillars measure about two {eet in diameter. The walls aresurrounded with masses of sculptured and hewn stone, broken columns and ornaments, which had fallen trom the walls themselves, and which are covered with @ raok «nd luxuriant vegetation, and even with trees, through which | was obliged to cut my way with my Indian knife. In the rear of the pillars are the remaips & room, the back ceilings only existing; suflicient, however, to show that they were oi rare workmanship, The southern, or right-hand wall, as you enter, isin the best state of preservation, the highest part of which, yet standing, is about fifty feet ; where, also, the remains of rooms are still to be seen. ‘The other parts, on either si are about twenty-six feet high, two hundred and fift, long end sixteen thick, and about one hundred and thirt; apart, Theinterior, or inner surface of these walls, is quite pertect, finely finished with smooth stone, cut uni- tormly in squares of about two teet. About the cen're of these walls on both sides, near the top, are placed stone rings, Carved from an immense block, and inserted in the * feet. ‘by a long shaft, and projecting from it about four f hey measure about four feer in diameter, and two in thickness—the sides beautifully carvi The extreme ends of the side walls are about equi-dis- tantfrom those of the shrine and entrance. Ths space in- tervening is filled up stenes and rubbish of walls, showing aconnexion in the form of acurve. Inthe e formed by these wallsare piles of stones, evidently being a part of them ; but there were not enough of them, how- ever, to carry out the supposition that this vast temple + The nomes by which I have designated these ruins, are such as were suxgesied to me by their peculiar constuction, and th for which J sup, osed them to have been designed, HOUSE OF THE CAC 2 e distance between jese two extremes is four hundred and fitty feet. The ‘walls stand upon an elevated foundation of about sixteen feet. Of the entrance, or western end, about one-half re- mains; the interior showing broken rooms, and ceilings not entirely detaced. The exterior is Soret of large stones, beautifully hewn, and laid in fillet and moulding ‘opposite, or altar end, consists of similar in view above had ever been enclosed. Atthe outer base of the south ern wall are the remains of a room ; one side of which, with the angular ceiling, is quite perfect ; measuring fourteen feet long and six wide. ‘The parts remaining are finished with sculpture) blocks of stone of about one foot square, representing Thdian figures with feather head- dresses, armed with bows and arrows, their noses orna: mented with rings; carrying in one hand bows and ar- rows, and in the other a musical instrument similar to those that are now used by the Indians of the country. ‘These figures were interspersed with animals resembling the crocodile. Near this room I found a square pillar, on: ly five feet of which remained above the ruins. It was carved on all sides with Indian figures, as large as life, and arently in warlike attitudes. Fri ants of a similar vl were scattered about in the vicinity. From this room, or base, I passed round, and ascended over vast piles of the crumbling ruins, pulling myselt up by the branches of trees, with which the: "e covered, to the topof the wall; where 1 found a door-way, filled ‘up with stones and rabbish, which I removed, and, after much labor, effected an entrance into a room meas eight by twenty-four feet ; the ceiling of which w: the acute angled arch, and perfected by layers of ftat stones. The walls were finely finished with square blocks of stone, which had been richly. ornamented. Even yet the heads of Indians, with shields and lances, could be distinguished in the coloring. The square pillars of the door way are carved with In- dians, flowers, ®orders and spear heads ; «ll of which I jndged to have once been colored. The lintel, which sup- ported the top, is of the zaporte wood, beautifully carved ‘fan in good preservation, Oueof the Indian head dress- es was Composed of a cap and flowers. Immediately in front of the door way is a portion of the column, to which neither cap nor base was attached. ft measured about three feet in diameter, with its whole sur- face sculptured ; but it was #o obliterated by time that the lines could not be traced. Four feet of its length only could be discovered. It was, evidently, imbedded in the ruins to agreatdepth. Numerous blocks of square hewn stones, and others, variously and beautifully carved,were lying in confusion near this column. Of the exterior of these walis, a sufficient portion still exists to show the fine and elaborate workmanship of the cornices and entablatures, though the latter are much broken and defaced. They are composed of immense blocks of stone, iaid with the greatest regularity and pre- cision, the fagades of which are tnterspersed with flow- ers, borders and animals, IQUES AT CHI-CHEN. fy a! AS a bh e HL YP SPIRIT DSP ri HOUSE OF THR CACIQUES AT CHI-CHEN, Situated about three rods south-west of the ruins of the Dome, are those of the House of the Caciques. | cut my way through the thick growth of small wood to this sub- lime pile, and by the aid of my compass was enabled to reach the east front of the building. Here I feiled the trees that hid it, and the whole front was opened to m: view, presenting the most strange and incomprehensible pile of architecture that my eyes ever beheld—elaborate, elegant, stupendous, yet belonging to no order now known to us, The front of this wonderful edifice mea- sures thirty. two feet, and its height twenty, extendin; tothe main building fifty fect. Over the door way, whic! favorsthe Egyptian style of archiiecture, isa heavy Jin- tel of stone, containing two double rows of hierogly phics, with a sculptured ornament intervening. Above these are the remains of hooks carved in stone, with raised lines of drapery running through them; which, apparently have been broken off by the falling of the heavy finish- f ing from the top of the building; over. which, surround- ed bya vantery chats anJ beautifully executed borders, encireled within a wreath, is o fe ting posture, in basso relievo, having hers, cords, and tassels, the neck ornamented. ingles of this building a continue around the sides, which compartments, diffrent in their tastefully curved. The ornaments ¢ divided into two gement, though not in style, Attached to the angles are large projecting hooks, skilfully worked perfect roseties and stars, with spears reversed, are put together with the utmost precision: ‘The ornaments are compored of small square blocks of stone, cut to the depth of about one to one ania half inches, appareotly with the most delicate instruments, and inserted by a shaft in the wall. The wall is made oi large and uniformly square blocks of limestone, mortar which appears to be as durable as the stone itself. In the ornamental borders of this building | could disco- ver but little analogy to those known to me. The most by were those of the cornice and entablature, chev- ronund the coble moulding, which are characteristic of * iSdes bays three doo fo ing into ir ways, each opening in’ small apartments, which are finished with smooth square blocks of stone; the floors of the same meterial, but have ye been covered with cement, which is now broken. The V ZS naman ¥. apartments are small, owing to the massive walls en- closing them, and the acute angled arch, torming the ceil- ing ‘The working and laying of the stone are as perfect as they could have been under the directions of amodern architect. Contigaous to this front are two irregular buildings. The one on the right, situated some twenty-five feet from it (about two feet off the right line) has a front of about thirty-five feet, its sides ten wide, and its height twenty feet, ¢ yntaining one room similar in its finish to those be- fo described. The front of this building is elsborately sculptured with rosettes and borders, and ornamental lines, the rear is formed of finely cut stone, now much broken, Near by are numerous heaps of hewn and bro- ken stones, sculptared work and pillars The other building on the left, is abovt eight feet from the princijal front, measuring twenty-two fect in length, thirteen in width, and thirty six im height. The top i ite broken, and has the appearance of having been h higher.’ The agave Americana was growing thrif- tily upon its level rool. On ail sides of this building are carved figures, broken images, in sitting postures; rosettes andornamental borders, laid off in compartments; each compartment having the hooks on cach side and angle. This building contains but one room, simil tothat onthe right. A soil has collected on the tops or roofs of these structures to the depth of three or four feet in which trees and other vegetation are flourishing. THE INDIANS OF YUCUTAN. A stranger, on his first arrival in this country, is at a loss where to place the Indian in the scale of social life. — He sees him clean and well dressed, mingling with the whites, and without distinction. ‘To have Indian blood ix no reproach, and in many eases, show this most palpably. to hear mothers threaten td send their chiliren home to their respective fathers, whenever their rudeness reqnires chiding. The Indian, however, performs the menial labor of the country—and there is an appearance of apathy in his looks and actions, which seems to carry with it the signsof a broken, or at least a subdued spirit—resting upon him like a melancholy vision, a dreamy remembrance, of better days. For, say what we please of him, he is the humble descendant of a once great and powerful people—the “children ot the sun,” who were lords of that soil on which their offspring ake now held in humiliating vassalage, ~ PRINCIPAL RUIN AT ZAYI. d bot order is less apparent. could discover no resemblance PRETEIA ARNE AS S43 whatever to those of Chi-Chen. The ruins of Zayiare situated in the midst of a succes- — Over these rooms of the main building is another ter- sion of beautiful hills, forming areund them, on every race, or foundation, in the centre of which is a building in side, an enchanting landscape. similar rains to thote uniter it having, also, broken spe ae i \ othe top. It stands wpon a foundation, spparent- The principal ene is composed ofa single structure, an on ori 9 eight Hang. height \dooupiehig ee chal immense pile, facing the south, and standing upon aslight that its original form cunnot be fully determined ; butit WS. 1 for’ aad whtoh' Wave cétiedd the probably was that of a parlellogram. Its front wall shows the remains of rooms and ceilings, with occasional pillars, which, no doubt, supported the corridors. ‘The height of this wall is about tweuty feet, and as near as | was able to measure around ita base, (owing to the accumulation of ruins,):it was ascertained to be two handred and sixty eight eet long, and one hundred and sixteen wide, in the centre of this foundation stands the main building —the western half only remaining, with @ portion of the steps, outside, leading to the top. ‘This part shows a suc- cession of corridors, occupying the whole front, each sup- ported by two pillars, with plain square caps and plinths, walls above to fall down. ifice are coastructed of hewn stone, without any signs ment. A plain finished moulding runs through the portions of the cornice still remain, with three flat projecting stones, which formed a p finish. extentof the rear is covered with confused os of ruins, overgrown with trees, Near by these are lis and rooms, with a few ornaments yet Some of the pear to ha from all other buildings. There a arious mou and intervening spaces, filled with rows of small orna- Sets mutts are arsinkgt@ Tigh? wall, mented pillars. In the rear of these corridors are rooms wit numerous sq\t ‘cinceashis eas bte of small dimensions aud angular ceilings, without any dente light except that which the front affords. “Over these coi neigh: ridors, or pillars, is a fine moulding finish, its angle or for many mented with a hook similar to those of C . Above this moulding is a finish of small plain round pillars, or standards, interspersed with squares of fine ornamental carvings ; the centre of the fagaie, showing the remains of more elaborate work, concentrated within a border, the arrangement of which is lost. ‘There is an evident analo- gy existing between these ornaments and those of Kabbah, I discovered no hi neither the ¢ digressions from the 1 ound, o1 pumerous remains of walls ngs; also, mounds and small pyramids, covered wild vegetation of the country. GROUND PLAN OF THE RUINS AT UXMAL. ao a NOTES TO GROUND PLAN OF UXMAL. g. Keservoir, he Pigeon Ruins. ii, Pyar m. Hacienda nt. Sepulehres. 0. Mound. ve mile, ‘The finish of the angles, generally, was ak smooth as though the material were cut with a sharp knife, ‘Phe extensive pile of ruins designated asthe “ Nuns’ House,” ated afew rods distant, in a northerly direc- GROUND FLAN OF THE RUINS AT UXMAL. ‘The Governor's Houset is a vast and splendid pile of ruins. It stands upon thr ges of terraces ; the first of which is a slight projection, forming a finish. The great , platform, or terrace above it, measures upwards ot five tion from the Governor's House. It comprises four great andred feet long, and four hundred and fifteen broad. It ranges of edifices, placed on the sides of a quadrangular feet terrace, measuring about eleven hundred feet around, aud varying in‘ height from filteen to twenty-four feet, its sides corresponding to the cardinal points. The principal entrance is through an acute angled arch doorway, in the centre of the southern range,through which | entered into aspacious court. This range is upwards of two hundred fect long, twenty-five broad, and sixteen high ; contain- ing eight rooms on either side of the principal entrance, which are now in good preservation. The inner and onter fagades are variously ornamented, Among these [ observed signs, symbolical of Deities and of Time, a# re- presented to us ai symbolized among the ancient Mexi- cans whose customs have reached us. The epposite, or northern range, by its superior eleva- tion, and more «laborate work, was evidently the prine: pal portion of this immense structure. [ts foundatio which was twenty-four feet high, is now much brok It has contained rooms and corridors, the va'ls and pillars of which are remaining. range has a wide ter- is encompassed by a wall ot fine hewn stone thirt high, with angles rounded, still in good preservation. In the centre of this platform, upon which tress and vegeta- tion grow in profusion, stands ashatt of grey limestone in an inclined position, measuring twelve feet in cireumfer- enceandeight in height ; bearing upon its surface no marks of form or ornament by which it might be distin- guished from a iatural piece. Near by is a rude carving of a tiger with two heads; also, I saw excavations near them with level curbings end smoothly finished inside, which are conjectured to have been cisterns or gr Along the southern edge of this platforin arr the ré of a range of small pillars, now br ken and in confusion Upon the north west corner of this platform is an edifi which was, no doubt, from its l,cation, connected with the Governor’s House. It is the smallest of all the rni Its ornaments are few and plain ; the most remarkable o! which is acontinuous line of turtles, cut from stone of ¢, arranged under the cornices. The south-west corner has connected with it two of loose stones, in the pyramid eat ier the ser ts five doorways, the lintels and fallen, and filled tp the rooms with their crumbling ruins. bout two hundred and forty-six feet iu length ath, and its height is aow only about g like on -third of the or: yet remain, which bear evidence rdinary skiil in platforms, over the remains of editic probably the fouadations. tery, consisting of broken p cooking utensils. Upon the main terrace stands another of smaller dimen- sions constituting the foundation cf the Governor’s House. The Measurement of this terrace is three hundred on | ’ House, pear thirty-eight teet long, eighty.two broad, and thirty high, some way, to have bren connected. It pr sents a fi having a majestic tlight of sone steps, thongh considera terior ofhewn stone, large at the base, and their siz minishing as they approach the platform — The sides are precipitous, much broken, and covered with tree base measures five hundred feet ; from the ase summit or’ platform, it isone hundred. The sun hed, on the eastern side, by a flight ofa hundred sone bly broken at the centre, in front of the entrance Phis majestic pile faces the east, is two hundred and seventy-two fect Jong, thirty-six broad, and twenty-four high. The whole building is plain (unlike those of Chi Chen) from the base to the mouldings, which run through the centre over ‘he doorways, above which, to the top, ove foot high, and about six incbes !eep ; ma- are ornaments and sculptured work in grent profas on, nt quite difficult, although the steps are still ando! the most rich, strange, and elaborate workman- serv aton It is divided into double ranges « from front of th ures seveaty-two feet in torear. Twoofthe principal are situated in the ceatre, twent ud is occupied by an edifice sixty feet } end twenty high ; ha- fifty-five fect long, ten broad, and about nineteen high, ving two rooms both on the east and on the west sites, with an angular ceiling, occupying one-haifo! the whole. There are fourteen other room: in the front and Tear; also, and ove on; ither end. These rooms are much defaced, two rooms on each end, and ane in front and rear ofthe and their doorways dilapidated. Th ern front has two recesses, of about one half ofthe average size. two doorways, and two small pavilions projecting six or T erior of these rooms is sometimes covered with eight inches {rom the fagade, supporte! by plain pitosters. a beautiful hard finish, and at others presents a surface of ‘The western facade i eoted with human figures uniform square blocks of smooth stone. The floors are of similar to caryatides, finely sculptured in stone with great stone, covered with a hard composition, which, together art. Their h.a/sare cov with the stone, is now much broken naments similar to thos The lintels, which are of zuporte wood, are decayed have girdles around th’ ed with a caaqne, and ear ore worn by the Egy pti Tl r bodies On the west and broken, to which, in a great degree, the falling of the immeuiately in front of the doorway, is at wails may ‘be attributed ‘The mner sides of the door- of a room, the base or floor of which inelndrs ubout twent ways are pierced, and hooks attached, whereon doors fet ofthe inclined sidvofthe Py rant s lealng to whic were probably swing. Tero are, also, apertures in the is a breken plane, once occny \ two rooms, one of whic ’ he proportionate doorway, . rior of these f th sione walis, where beams rested, to support hammocks which still remaia, and show the marks of the There were no fresco, or other painting or d aay kind in the interior of the building to be discerned. There spp ith any other part MinNvieNtion he front presents the most remarkabie architectural them \y. of] The front und of skill to befound about the building. The walls were of the exterior were filled with sculptured work 0} the most the most durable kindof limestone ; and upwards of three elaborate and incomprehensible description. ‘The «ame feet thick, of fine hewn stone, luid with the greatest care. ree of skill and precision was perceptible here tha There were eleven doorwoys besides those of the recesses. distinguishes the whole ruins. Below these rooms, at or near the base of the side, are ®The names (though misnomers) of these structures origina others, where excavations have been made. They are | ted with the people ot the country. now much broken, and covered with the fallen ruins. RUINS OF UXMAL BY MOONLIGHT. a distance, walls and mouuds, rising above the green ver- lure ofthe tand, looked like a multitede of small islents RUINS OF UEMAL BY MOOTL IGN. A moonlight scene from the Governor's Honse is one of the most enchanting sights T ever witnesse’. The moon hind risen about half way wp from the horizon, and was the fiw throwing ite strong silver light over the whitened the wood. ' It was a scene of natural beauty sack fa Ine- fagnde of owr house. Castles, este, and falling pyra- ver have seen fealized upon,canvase of the artist, or even mids were distinctly to be treoed in the foreground. At id the pages of poetry inacalm summers sea, All was qnict tut the ebirp of ricket, or the occasional scream of some night-bird of