The New York Herald Newspaper, April 4, 1842, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. 4, 1542, T FROM WASHING- TON. Resignation of President Tyler--—-Sceret Movements of the Ultras to Produce His Resignation, We have received int " of such a curious charac hat we haraly know what opinion to forin of its authenticity, or to conjec- ture what may be the issue of the present session of Congress. ee We learn that ever since the beginning of the pre- ress, it has been the secret poli- , acting under a private commit- raugact no buginess—to delay all le- » leave the Treasury empty—and thus “stop the supplies” indirectly, in order to compel President Tyler to resign the Executive chair, aad to reare to Virginia in disgust. By this result, it is expected that the power of the Executive would then, forthe remainder of the term, fall into the hands of the Speaker of the House, or the President of the Senate, by whom the government would be administered entirely on the principles of the ultra whigs. At the beginning of the session, a secret club, con- sisting of certain members of Congress, was orga- nized, whose duty it was to manage this project, and to carry it out as far as it was possible. The plan is to do nothing—pass no laws at all—provide no means to meet the public expenditures. This is to be ef- fected, not by direct opposition, but by delay, con- fusion, stratagem, and various other arts of able po- liticians. In this singular project, both ulura whigs and ultra locofocos have joined—each party having their own purposes in view. A shert time ago, Mr. Senator Mangum, in a speech, expressed a wish to a‘journ and go home—a wish which was probably prompted by the same course ,of policy which has been ascribed to the conspirators. Again, in this intrigue many of the speculators and stockjobbers of the large cities unite. Hence the establishment of clubs to sustain the conduct of Congress—to destroy the reputation of the President, and to throw the whole Government into a state of disgrace, bankruptcy and ruin. In furtherance of the general plan of operations, the recent meeting at National Hali was broken up, and all public meet- ings of citizens to sustain the executive will meet a similar fate. The erigin and purpose of this conspiracy, in for- cing John Tyler to resign, 1s to procure from the pre- sent Congress the following measures :— Ist, An old fashioned United States Bank of 350,000,000 capital. 2d. Issue of United States Stocks to take the place of the repudiated state stock, $200,000,000. Bd. A high taritl system, so as to allow the land distribution to take effect. The only obstacle to these measures is John Tyler, and :t is calculated that the great stockjob- bing interests of England and the United Sites, would make up a sum of $1,000,000 or more, if he could be induced, persuaded, or forced to resiga before the present, alias hard-cider Congress, have closed the time for which it was elected. Itisalso understood that the ultra locofocos have no particular objection to see these projects carried into effect, believing that its success would form a capital ground-work of attack for the next presi- dency. These singular views have been given us by per- ‘sons just from Washington. They correspond with what we saw and heard there in person, and they explain he meaning of many recent events in the political world. What will be the issue we know not. see. + from Washington sent session of Co cy of the majori Wait and fc Tue Wat Sraesr Paints have expressed great exultation at the row which broke up the cent meeting in National Hall, called by those citi- zens who think that the delays of Congress have been produced more by faction than by patriotism. It appears that the politieal clubs in New York aet in concert with the cliques in Congress. The cliques there prevent any legislation—and the clubs here break upa public meeting. These pro- ceedings will wake up the community by and by. Paocress or Movers Puitosoruy —We refer our readers tothe condensed report of Professor Ly- ell’s last lecture on the formation of the earth, and the age of the world. some curious ideas. In o»position ialism, we learn that the clergy are beginning to move. The Rey. Mr. Dunbar of the Baptist Church, bas begun a counter movement o! great strength and power ; so has the Rev. Mr. Pise, who carries flocks of the pretty young ladie: his train. Syaearnuy ror Texas.—There is now a strong tide of sympathy for Texas sweeping over this coun- try. Since the news of the invasion by the Mexi- ans, was received, meetings have been held in New Orleans, Mobile, Savanah, Augusta, Georgia, Philadelphia, and New York, for the purpose of Taising means and men to assist the Texians in driv- ing the Mexicans out of their country. In Mobile several thousand dollars w ere raised ; one lady, Mrs Sarah Barnes, giving two hundred ; and seventy men completely armed and equipped hadstarted theace on an “exploring expedition” after coons in the woods of Texas. And half of the proceeds of one night’s per- formance at the theatre in Augusta, were to be de- yoted to the cause of that young republic. Nine hundred dollars had also been subscribed there and remitted to New Orleans. We think that Santa Anna will have his hands full to manage so many huaters so well prepared for game. Grex: PARKER AND HIS Aecounrs.—Our Wash- ington correspondent mistakes the character and ca- pacity ofthe Herald, when he occupies so mach of our valuable space by long-winded controversies about the accounts,of Gen. Parker. If Gen. Parker has got more than his dues out of the public crib,let the fact be stated, congratulate him in his good luck, pity the poor devils who cant get what is honestly due them, bless Swartwou —and then fin: h the business. In this brief world we have no e OF room to waste so much space on a few hundred dollars—neither do we want to make too much of Johu C. Spencer, even if he 1s agaiust Captain Tyler to-day—for him to-morrow—and back again on the third. Our correspondents are re- quested to give us a condensed eoileeiion of facts, briefly told, pleasantly related, no malice, much good nature, and just the reverse of the raseally politicians. Tue Steassuies —The Missouri and Mississippi hence were passed forty miles south of Cape Hen|o- pen at six o'clock Saturday morning, the latter a lit- Ue ahead. Nave Days Laven raom Jamaica.—We have re- ceived full files of the Jamaica Despatch to the 12th ult. inclusive. There appears to be no particular news. There had been a great falling off in the produce of the island, resulting from the apprenticeship sys tem. A specimen of cotton, equal it is said, to our sea island, has been raised at Afanjuez, Pan St. An- drews. Tae Posenat of Charler Cougnacq, the color- ed apothecary who has occupied the store No. 39 Chatham street for many years, was attended yes- terday by about one thousand colored persons, who were followed by about the same aumber of whites. Few men of humble life in our community have performed more sets of kindness to the poor and distressed of our eity than Caugnacg, By strict at- tention to business he had amassed a few thousand dollars, which he was induced to deposite in the Commercial Bank, and when that institution closed its doors a few weeks since, they swept his |ittle all in the vortex, with other moneys placed under their charge. Although not of penurious disposition, yet the effect upon his old age was such as to send him to eternity, a martyr to corporation rascality. Rochester, By our accounts from the West yesterday, it seems that Rochester has become the scene of another “*MeLeod affair,” by the ‘arrest, imprisonment, and exmination of Hogan. The following correspondence from Rochester, g.ves usall the particulare.— Rocussrer, March 31, 1812. John Sheridan Hogan, the mam who was lately arrested at Lockport, charged with participation ia the Caroline outrage, asd murder of Amos Durfee, was this evening arrested at this city, upon the same charge, and committed to jail at his own re- quest till to-morrow afternoon. He was arrested just as he was getting into a coach, for the purpose of going down to the landing to embark on the steamboat for Toronto He asks no favors, and talks largely of wooden walls and the protection of his government. The Police Justice, at his request, postponed his exami- nation till to-morrow atteraoon. He sent over to Cauada notice of his arrest, by the steamboat Gore, which will be at Toronto to-morrow morning, and in the meantime he lies inglorious in Monroe coun- ty jail, in the cell formerly occupied by William Lyon Mackenzie. Rocagsrer, April 1, 1842, Dear Bexnert— The MeLeod affuic is in prospect of being acted over again in onr dear litile city, and no mistake Last evening the steamer ‘Gore’ brought in among her passengers the veritable and redoubtable J. Sheridan Hogan, the same who was recently ar- rested at Lockport for his participation in the Caro- line affair, and who then gallantly posted ‘ beyant the border” before a valid warrant could be pro- cured against him. Immediately on Hogan’ arri- val being made known, as it soon was from his en- tering at in full on the register at the National, a profound sensation was created among the refugee portion of our popu'ation. That intense patriot, General Theller “of Detroit,” in particular, felt such asudden glow of “amor patriae”’ and loveef good order, that he was thereby impelled to apply to Justice Buchaa for a warrant against Hozan, on ac count of a “suspicion he had” that he was implica. ted in the Caroline affair. Hogan was arrested forthwith, and committed to jail, to the great exultution of all the respectable tatterdemalions in town, and really to the regret of all quiet citizens. People generally deprecate the idea of any further agitation em the frontier ques- tion at present. The examination of Hogan has just began at the Court house before the police justice. ‘I'he room, capable of holding several thousands, filled to overflowing. E. 6. Wheeler and Gen. Theller for the prosecution, and J. W. Gilbert and Graham H. Chapin, Esqrs., for the defendant. Nothing of im- portance can be elicited before the mail closes, as preliminary objections are to be interposed which will consume several hours. This J. Sheridan Hogan, is a young man on the sunny side of thirty, tall and swarthy, and wearing long black and glossy hair in beautiful little elus- ters of ringlets about his neck and face. He will make a pretty lion for the ladies, especially if it turns out that he has seduced some fond, frail re- markably fair ene in Canada. It is said by some that he came here on business, others ona love affair,having been previously assur- ed by letters, that he would be perfectly safe in doing so. Our citizens are determined that he shall not be outraged; while the razged, drunken, patriot ras- calocracy are deter: that he shall not on an pretextescape. But there is no doubt that he will é protected from violence, if a line of cold steel will be shield enough. You will hear from me again. DL. Albaay. (Correspondence of the Herald.) Atvany, Saturday, April 2d, 1842. In the Assembly, Mr. Loomis reported a bill to reduce the fees of District Attorneys. The bill Proposes to authorize the Boards of Supervisor, in each county to allow the District Attorneys one dollar for every one hundred inhabitants in the county. It was ordered to athird reading. Mr. Simmons ‘oduced a series of resolutions in favor of a protective tariff, which were laid on the table. : Mr. Huspurey moved to have the bill for the recharter of the North River Bank taken from the files, and referred toa select committee to report complete. The House refused. Mr. Loomis’ bill relative to judicial and legal re- form were made a special order. Mr. Taytor asked unanimous consent to iatro- dacea resolution providing that the House sheuld hereafter meet at 9.A.M, instead of 10, as at pre. sent, Mr. Smirn of Genessee objected. At this late day of the session, when there it so much business remaining to be done, it must be evident that every moment of time is indispensable, and what could bethe object of Mr. Smith in thus objecting, I cannot imagine. Mr. O'Suctiyas, from the judiciary committee, reported as he stated in answer to a petition {rom Albany, signed by 800 citizens, and another from Cumbia, another bjll for the abolition of capital punishment, This bill differs from the other in providing that it shall not go into effect until the resolution amending the coenstitutioa, se that the pardoning power should be taken from the execu- tive and given to the legislature, has been adopted by the people. Mr. O'S. remarked that he wished a silent note taken on ordering this bill toa third reading, as he did not wish to occupy the time of the House any further en this subject Mr. Simmons said that as one of the judiciary committee, he f-lt bound to state that he did not eoseur in reporting thi ill. Mr Loomis said that if the gentleman from New York had included him in the majority, he had mistaken him. He could not assent to this report, as he thought the committee had no further juris. diction over the subject, as they had already re- ported on it, and the House had deeided on it, Mr. O'Scutxrvan then said, if the gentleman sented, he should be obliged to withdraw th port, as it would not bea majority. He had cer tainly understood the geatleman as agreeing to 11. The report was page big withdrawn. Ur. Fracter reported a series of resolutions against the frankiag privileges, recomm abolition, and requiring the Governor, if the solves are adopted, to present them to Congress. They were ordered printed. There is no privi- ledge subjected to greater abuse than this one of franking, and it is to be hoped that the present Le- gislature will call the attention of Congress to its correction. Me Swa kitaM wen endeavored to call up th solution introduced by him, proposing an a: ment to the con: tion, so as to abolish f qualifications for certain offices; also the resolu- tions relative to one day eleciions throughout the United States. They were obj-cted to. The bill from the Senate providing for the exemp- tion of household farnitare fromd,strainment under landlord’s warrants, was referred toa select com- to report complete. The Seuate passed this jerday, and it will doubtless go through the mi bill ye House Srrone, of the Senate, deserves great credi perseverance n3 he has ma: % ittee of the W' onaideration Mr. Faulkner s Bill for aid of ioe ew bree a Erie Ratlroad. This bill Proposes to give to the company the 38,000,000 ai ready loaned to the company, me the road shal be constructed within the next five yeare. The bill was gone through with in committee, and reported to the Senate. The New York School Bill was made a special order for Tuesday next. The Senate then went into executive session It is now almost certain that the Sehool Biil will be defeated. At any rate it will be so amended as to change its character almost entirely, and render it qu objectionable to Bishop Hughes and his partizans, as tr system. Tigh Davy and a host ef tha » are here, and doing if utmost to ee the adoption of the amendments, but it will be of no avail. The friends of the present sys- tem are equally earnest on the other hand, Cave Uremcan. Sreamamir Usicons, Capt. Douglass, left Boston last Saturday afternoon, at 4 e’clock, for Halifax, where her mails and pemmcagers will be transferred to the Columbia, which vesse! will proceed to Liver. pool under canvass. The Unicorn takes out 8 pas sengers tor Liverpool, and 4 for Halifax ; also about 14,000 letters, and 8 bags of newspapers. Banxrvrrcy in New Youx —The Cayuga Pa- triot states the whole number of bankruptcies | the north istrict of this state down to th evening of the 29h ult., at 1329. és Another M’Leod Affair Arrest ef Hogan at Professor Lyell’s Lecture on the Fossil Footsteps of Animals. Orcasio Resatss—Tue Niacana Disrasot Ax rHRacite axp Brrvanovs Coat —Mr. Lyell com- menced his lecture on Saturday night, by stating that he had been asked to say what caused the dif ference between bitaminous coal and anthracite. Many have thought that the difference was occa: sioned by ‘the difference in the wood, (admitting coal to he of vegetable ocigin,) which had been converted into coal; bat it was not #o. No doubt existed that bamboos, palms, &c. would produce a difi-rent kind of coal from firs, &e. 5 but, as we find in all the beds of coal in Europe and America, the same assemblage and species of plants and leaves, we are bound to infer that the coal in all these places was produced by the same description of wood There is no doubt that anthracite has once been bituminous coal, and that by being disturbed and upheaved, and the beds of it twisted, torn, tossed in every direction, and bent back on itself, the volatile matter—the bituminous portion of it has escaped. Pure anthracite istnearly pure earbon. Wood is converted into bituminous coal by the less of its oxygen, and a small portion of its carboa, which escapes in the form ot carbonic acid gas, And we find in the earth all the intermediate kinds and stages of wood, from lignite to. perfect coal. And then again, we also fiad every different variety and stage of coal in process of conversion, from the erfect bituminous coal to the pure anthracite coal. Bituminous coal isconverted inte anthracite by the loss of its hydrogen, and a small portion of its car- bon, which, when combined, form the carburetted hydrogen gas, which ezcapes trom the earth more or leesia the neighborhood of all coal mines, some- times so copiously that it can be set fire to, and will burn at the surface of the ground ; and it Iv this sub- stance which forms the fire-damp—the gas so terri- ble to miners—it is the same kind of gas we are harning inthis room. We are borne outia our be~ lief that bituminous coal has been conver.ed into anthracite by disturbance, because in the great anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania we find that in that part of the meuntain where the beds are most disturbed and broken in every di- rection, and bent back almost upon each other, there we find the anthracite in the purest state. Ia the west part of the mountain, where the beds are | covered within the last ew moathé—the researches only partially disturbed, there the coal is partly bitu See raeriglins carburetted hydrogen has not es- caped. But in that part of the mountain where the beds are perfectly horizontal, and have never been disturbed, there the coal is perfectly bituminous — These facts bear us out in the beliet that bituminous coal has been converted into anthracite by distur- bance, producing the loss of its hydrogen. Fossit. Foorsrers or Animavs.—Mr. Lyell then went to a different subject, the consideration of the fossil footsteps of animals found in the new red sand- stone. ‘The class of rocks known by this titl: were divided into two parts ; the upper portion was full of organic remains, and in it have been fouad tae fostil footsteps of animals, near ueburg, on the bo:- ders of Bohemia. These when discovered made a prodigious sensation, because from the great yesem blance they bore to the torm of a man’s hand, they were supposed to have been made by some kind of man. These foseil footsteps were aiways found in pairs—each resembling four fi: gers and a thumb— and alternately the thumb was turned to the right and to the left; and just in front of each of the large footstep marks, there was a mark of a smaller footstep, as if the forefoot of the animal was much smaller than the hindfoot. These footsteps were imprinted in the clay mud just beneath the sand- atone ; then the sand was drifted or deposited from water en to them ; and by being preesed down form- ed a perfect cast of the foot, so that they stand out in veld relief oa the under side of the slabs of sand- stone as perfectly’ as if they had been chisselled by the sculptor. The same kind of fossil footstep marks have alse been found at Stourton Hill, in Cheshire, not far from Liverpool,on the banks of the Mersey. They have there been discovered in five separate courses of sandstone, with a layer of clay between each; these marks are precisely the same kind as those on the same series of rocks in Ger- many—500 miles apart. The age of the rocks and their relative position are the same. Some of the hind feet marks are eight inches long and some twelve. The animal which made these marks must have been an air breather—-because in water he could not have made such heavy tracks (Here Mr. Lyell stated that on the mud at Savan- nah, when the tide was out, he had the foot tracks of the racoon and the o} im; and before the tide returned, the wind drifted sand over these foot tracks, se as to cover them, and in this way pro- bably the original casts of fossil footsteps had been formed.} In the same new red sandetone rock in England, where the footeteps were found, a fossil tooth was found, which was different from that of every other known reptile. Oaa slice being cut and magnified, it was found to resemble all the con- volutiens of the bi A tooth of the same kind was also found in the same rock in Germany—it could easily be seen that it had belonged to a rep- tile, and was diffeieat from the teeth of any fishes e- nimals. Soon after this some bones_of the scapu- la were found—part of the hind arm, and skull, 80 as to k a drawiag of the animal as it appeared whea in ex- istence. {Here he referred to a drawing of the la- byrinthodon, 80 called from the labyrinth-like inter. nal structure of itsteeth.] The teeth of three dif- ferent species of this animal were tound ; and it was proved that he was an air breather, by the nasal ca- vity in the bones. It is necessary here to state that the numerous organi¢ remains here found have been divided thus :—the saurians, which include the li- zird tribe, and those enormous animals the ichthyo- saurus, plrgiosaurus, &c.; then the chelonians, in- cluding the tortoise, turtle, &c.; then the ophidians, which include the snake family ; and lastly, the bat- traciana, which comprises the frogs, newis, salaman- ders, &c. This animal, whose hia we have found in the new red sandstone, wasa kind of frog a gigantic frog—and he was as large as a bull! [Great sensation, and considerable ii:tering among the bere og And one of this species of frogs—the ba'tracia Hercules—was a frog as largeas an ele- phant! (Laughter) ‘here are of course none of this species of animals now existing to be found so large ; although in Pennsylvania some salaman- ders have been tound, all of two feet in length. And some few yeat ‘0, there were two salamanders, a male aad female, fc und in the island of Japan, in the crater of a volcano, that were four feet in iength, they were brought to Holland, or rather one was, and put into the Museum at Leyden; and to prove to you that they were carniverous, | have only to state that the male fell upon the frmale, and ate her up during the passage home ! Considerable tittering) it was not a little sings that these salamanders should be found in the crater of a volcano; because the story that the salamander could stand fire unin- jured, and was an incombustible animal, is as old as the time of Aristotle ; and depositions have been made before a magistrate, in the memory ofpersons living, that they have seen salamanders remain ina fire tor two hours ; but all these stories have been proved to be the merest fables. Mr. Lyect then stated that Professor Hitchcock had found in the sandstone of the Connecticut Val- ley, fossii track marks of birde, aad some of them were as large as the feet of an ostrich. He also re- ferred to the ripple: mark of the waves of the sea- shore on these sandstones, and on the sandstone near Newark ; and to fossit marks of fish in that part of the sandstone of the Connecticut , Valley, which had been deposited in deeper water than the upper portion of the new red sandstone series, where the fossil footsteps of t.e Labyrin:hodon were found. The bones of this animal have all been dis- are still going on—but enough has been found to tone that the animal called the Cyrotheon and the rinthodon are one and the same; their feet made the same marks—tiey are found in the same clage of rocks, and their bones are of the same gen- eral shape and size. Tne Trasscriox Serres; on Rocxs or rae Nra- GARA AND Monawe Distmicr —Mr. Lyell now said he should skip over whole clue s of rocks, and speak now of the series of rocks marked No. 8, in his General Map. These are the rocks which lie immediately beneath the old red sandstone, and be- tween itand the slate rocks restin; the granite. They were formerly termed the Tf ition Rocks, as having been the commencement of the transition from the older rocks to the newer. 1a them the first traces cf organi¢ remains are found, as we ascend the series from the granite These rocks ate now ed Siluvian Rocks, from the district of Si- on the borders of Walea, where they are seen ia great perfectien, and where they have been very carefully examined by Mr. Murchison. Inthe Uni- ted States, this class of rocks are seen to very great perfection in the State of New York, particularly in the upper part of it, along the Mohawk River, and in the Niagara Region.—[Here Mr. Lyell referred to a geological map of this region, which had been furnished by Mr Hall and professor Emmons. } No. 1. Was the limestone of the Mohawk and ot Trenton falls, and was the oldest in the ser sit was 120) feet thick here, butin Pe nsylyania it was thicker. In this limestone we find the oe an extinct genus of that species of shells aow livingin all our seas,and a different genus of whieh is found in rocks of all ages. Here too, we fiad the Graptolite, & species of bivalve which is exiinct, amd the re- mains of which are aver found in aay of the above the old red sandstone. No. 2. Was a sandstone called the Oatario Sand- stone ; this in Some parts was over 1000 feet thick, and contained organic remains, No.3 Was called the protean group, from the variety of its aspect in different places, sometimes \twaga kind of limestone—sometimes more resem. bling sandstone, and sometimes an iron ore ; it was 50 feet thick ; and in it was found the pentamarus, goes and Ann Doughterty and bivalve of a species the whole of which were ex- unect No. 4. Was the shale and #limestone of Niagara, and formed the magnificent Falls of that region. In this group is found another distinct class of fossile; here we fiad the chain coral, which is of great help to us in classing the various strata, because this spe- cies of coral is never found but in rocks of the traa- sition Class. = No. 5. Is that portion greishing away on both sides of the Niagara River, parallel with Grand Island, and consists of the Gypseous and Siliferous Marles; this class extends nearly to Batialo: No. 6 Is called the Helderberg limestone, and forms the Black Rock of Buffalo. “The corals found in all these limestones are mostly found ia the same position in which they grow ; the point down, and the star-like cup upwards. Cone upon cone that had died; and these all grew within 100 feet of the surface of the water. So when coral in the Mohawk limestone was formed it came close to the surface ; then the earth sank down from 1000'0 2000 feet ; then another bed of coral and the Niagara limestone was formed ; then it sank down aj , and over 1000 feet of marble, &c. was deposited on it; then the coral and the Buffalo limestone was tormed beneath the water; and finally the whole was upheaved by internal force and placed as it now stands. Here Mr. Lyell made a few observations about the fineness of the mud that was deposited in those days—that the Graptelite was a kind of Zoophyte that lived on a muddy bottom ; and then to the vast spread of deposits of mud now going on by the agency of the Gulf stream, which carries the mud from the embouchure of our rivers, 200 and 3000 miles across the Atlantic; it could be carried 2000 miles, and only deposited, according to the known laws of gravitation, 690 feetdeep in the Gulf stream, with a current of three Knots an hour. He also stated, that no hing which had ever been found of the spread of mud in geolegical researches, was op- posed to tne analogy now to be deduced from exist- Ing causes. He then spoke of the pleasare derived from con- templating the probable state of the earth at these very ancient periods. Many in traversing the ruins of Pompeii, gazed with delight and awe on the ruts made by the carriages in the mud of the streets, and tor the rude ecribblings made by the soldiers on the walls 180) years ago. How much more delight in looking at the foot marks and forms of the animals that moved on the earth thousands of thousands of years and agesago. as the Labyrinthodon did, and as the Trilobites did which are found in the Niagara limestone. These trilobites are of the crustacean class; of the crab and lobs:er family, but of an ex- tinct genius. In many the eye is still beautifully pre- served ; it has a large number of fascets so placed horizontally that the annima! could see all around it. (Ia the eye of the living dragon fly there are 14000 of these.) And an examination of the eye of these tr lobites proves that thousands of ages ago, there was the same rilation of the eye to light and o; light to the cye that there is now! that the sea was penetrated by the light and heat from the sun; in short, that the sun was then in existence, and bore the ime relation to the earth in regard to light and heat that it does now ! : Mr. Lyect then etated that in the upper strata of the silurian class, remains of fish have been found— of the sturgeon family—the order of the skeleton re- versed ; the vertebra and ribs being cartilaginous. Here then, thus low down in the series forming the crust of the truth, we have the important discovery of avertebrated animal. We find proofs that in these animals must have had vision, locomotion, circulation of bleod, and all the functions common to the same class of animals now living. Here we have the great ou'line of what we now find in the structure of living reptiles, mer malia, and even man himself. Here is the first outline of that race of be- ings which wae modified and improved on in after ages until we arrive at the:most perfect stage in man himself. The poet supposed that millions of spirits look on to view the creation of man. But what countless myriads may we not suppose looked cn during all these ages; where we find creatures existing for ages—dying out—then a new race—then their dying and giving place to others, and so en, through euch a large num- ber of periods. And in all these periods we find the same great outline—the same great general plan—the same laws of organization—the same laws governing the vicissitudes of the agimal creation ; and these laws regularly continued in force until we have the type reproduced, not only in the inferior animals, but in the superior, and lastly, iu man him- self. And he, enabled by his superior organization to go back and trace che history of his great birth- place and residence, the earth, and all it has gone through, and what beings lived and moved upon it, ashe finds it engraved on ils rocky pages—or the stony tablets of this interesting bool puberty engraven on the eolid frame-work of the earth itselt. These laws tend not to materializm—the ons of the will of the Supreme are the ing im- printea on matter. Theee laws belong not to ma- terial thinge, but lead us up to the contemplation of @ great immaterial Law-Giver! (Very faint ap- plause. Mr. Lyext concluded by showing from the hori- zontal position of these old rocks of the Niagara District, and of the same class of rocks in the north of Europe that there could not have been those pe- alternate repose and of great violence, which are said to have acted all over the world. These alternate convulsions operated on but a small por- tion of the earth’s surface; and there has never been inivereal convulsion on the earth, or those old fossilliferous rocks of the northern regions riods of a period of uni never could have remained so perfectly horizontal. Clty Intelligence. Tue Boarp or Atpeamen meet to-night at five o’clock. Both Boards meet in Joint Ballot on Wed- nesday night. The offices made vacant by the resignatoin of James H. Kellam, clerk of the 9th, 11th and 15th ward court, under Justice Bell, anc that of Collector of City Revenue, made vacant by the absquatuliza- tion of Tom Lloyd, it is presumed will be filled on the night the members meet in joint ballot. James B. Greenman and Eiward J. Porter are the promi. nent candidates for clerk of the court, but who the devil will take the place Tom Lloyd bas left, the de- vil alone can tell. Tarumrn or tHe SHor Burcners.—The Corpora- tion Attorney, to his credit, has discontinued all the suits against the shop butchers. He hes acted likea wise officer in so doing. Tuar Man Trar on the north side of the Battery in the rear of Pier No. 1, should be filled up immedi- ately, andit is the duty of the street inspeetor to see that it is accomplished. Twe lives have already been lost through the negligence of the owners of the property in thus delaying the business. Tur Boarp or Scrervisoxs, we understand, will meet on Wednesday. All you who have demands get ready to present them. Wil] the members offer a reward for Tom Lloyd ? Satorvay being the birth-day of Thomas Jeffer- son, the flags were hoisted from the City Arsenal, the ‘‘ Seventy six,” coraer of E| id F, i streets, and at the “ Pewter Mug” of Peas street. _ Fouxp Huxe to 4 Tree.—A man whose name is unkaown, but from certain papers found in his pocket is supposed to be Samuel's Barnes, was dis covered on Saturday hanging from a branch of a tree on the farm of Mrs. Cutting, at Wood- lands, about seven miles from the city. Two bills for board were found in his pocket,one dated Power- ville, August 19, 1841, signed and receipted by Wm. pony u Stow tie 5 uae to Henry Mains and jai pril 5 ie Coroner's J See of “death bys cide. woe ne jamervi Neeuect.—A child of George Saffe a German, who resid 34th street, teeribe ninth pap Pe abe xe ‘ nd a ball, was pe sick nine since Wil e sma, + refused to send for medical aid and he died on Mature day, when the Corner was sent ferto bury him. The parents deserve censure for such shameful negiect. Asorner May Rossen ny 4 Woman.—A woman named Margaret Keily robbed John Hartison, of 90 Willett street, of $60 in money on Saturday night, a * ate circumstances. Who's seen ‘fora oy! Roseery on rie Powwrs.—A young man named John Tanner strayed into the fer ry kept by Joha Gooley, on the Points, on Satur jay night, three women, named Ann Wilson, Maria Brown, and Phebe Fisher, robbed him of $1 in money an some other valuables, for which they were locked up. Where’s Tom Lloyd, the Collector of City een wy 4 os te't ‘etry THteves.—James Thompson stole two airs of inders on Saturday night from 100 Wall pairs of suspenders y len Farly stole a to make a fire to watm themselves, from Cor- nets Mahou.” ‘Theme goer dri wil Bem the itentiary while Tom the bablic iosty in. Texas or somewhere else.— Try ut Tom Lucy t—On the Mth ult, while My. Jey Brow ee geben ‘Swal Ww, Be valise was barre was Ceocveee Sate Friday, when officer Murphy of be nergy aiained fformation that a man named Jacob Wooliey, a hatter by trade, had sold three of the stolen articles to Edward Letts, of 80 Walnut street, in that city, for the sum of $1, which was not one tenth of their value. He was immediately arrested and brought to this city on Saturday by officer Cockefair to be tried. This is believed te be his first offence, and want of employ- ment he alleges to be the cause that prompted him to commit te spring of 1841. There was nobody ia the store, and I walked right thi into the Court of Common Pleas. man of about 40 yea ne $75,000 or $100,000), for illie a with plaintiff's wife - the damages iaid at $10,000. oc. Nagin, Esq, appeared as counsel for plai tiff, and J. P. Penssow aad J. Homes, Esqrs.. for defendant. In opening, Mr. Nave stated that Mr. and Mra. Tallmadge were married in Utica, soon afver which they came to this city and settled. Two or three years since, they h a house belonging to the plai in Clinton street, but, in May, 1840, we: unable, from the pressure of the t' rent. A distress warrant was issue niture taken into pi to some of the weari her two young children. The family was broken up; Mr. 'f. obtained board for hie wife and two chil- dren, wheve he could do so to advantage. Subse. quently it was dicovered that the defendant had illicit intercourse with the wife of plaintiff, by which di were brought upon her family, tion is brought, not so much with the view of seeking reparation for wounded honor and blighted spirit (for those are point which money cannot reach) but in some from the jury that justice at their case will be fouad so preemi rve. ff and defendant were both in Court. ctive and rather young appearing man. also a smart looking body, but for that strong woman hunter that look him tobe. Mra L. was eral lady witnesses were. the vigor of beauty and woman. s an appearanee capable of ite even a more fastidious connoisseur than r Wicriam Crarc sworn. and lady; w: r was Martha Clark, and they were married at Uti- ca by Dr. Skinner, in 1827. Have known them since inthis city; they hive two children, 10 and 5 years of age. By Hotsuy—Is no relation to Mrs. Tallmadge; I was present at the wedding by request of Mr. T. whom [ had knswn for two years, and knew Miss Clark about two months; her character had always been well spoken of. ‘They lived there about a month afterwards, when he went away to get a more permanent residence. Visited them at house where they lived afier their marriag-; I not hear of their having any disagreement within that month. After he left he stopped ia A‘bany a few days, and then eame to this c.ty, where he hes lived, I believe, to the present time; he sent for his wife; he told me that he did #0; { did not see Mrs. T. after Mr. ’. left, nor do I know how long it was before she followed him; she uever sent to enquire of me if had heard from Mr. T.; I visited them in NewYork when their oldest girl was about a year old. yy Covat—I resided in Utica at the timeof their marriage, but came to this city about a year afterwards. By Hotmes—lI did not visit Mr Tallmadge after coming here, but he met meand told me that his wife was here. It was »bout three years after their marriage; they lived in Forsyth street; I vi- sited them oce: mally afterwards, but cannot teil how often, poses once in six months, or once in three months, everaince. | saw Mr. Tallmadge fre- quently; do net know when he and bis wife sepa- rated; heard of their living separately three years ago last May; did not hear him say she was of such a temper he weuld not live with her,but have heard him say that she would do well enough if she lived in a house by herself. By the Covrt—Heard him say;that jseven years og. Shy Hotmes—There had been a quarrel between her and one of the other tenants in the house; they lived then in Stanton street; I believe they had lived in a house previously by themselves; he ne- ver said he could not get along with her; their separation, about three years ago, he live: Grand street, but I do not know where she or the children lived; I have seen hersince—it was the June after their separation; she came to my house. Lalso saw her once afterwards at my ‘house,and atherhusband’sstere. 1 saw her no where el: I never heard him say he had ehtered mp) at the police office; ] ama shoemaker, and he is now a shoe maker’s tool maker and keeps store. By Nactz—When he left Utica, a month after his marriage, it wae understood that he did soto get a permanent home. They lived at the house of Mr. Lowerre previous to separating. _ By Houmes—Mr.Tallmadge told me previous to leaving Utica that he was going to seek a perma. nent home. Mr. Lowerre lived, I believe, in Clinton street. By the Covar—Mrs Tallmadge was'a little over 15 when they were married, an ut 24 or 25. mother wasat the marriage, and they were respectabls. Sterngx Weexs sworn—Was a copartner ii business with Mr. Lowerre, in Carmin fe one year, and in Peck slip for two year in the crockery busine: We di 1841; I was ther % Lowerre kept there a little time afterwards; Mr. Tallmadge’s furniture was brought there in May, 1840, and they remained there till we lefi; there weie two bureaus, two bedsteads—one of them wo or three beds, and ot! geod furniture; there was also clothin, hi seen Lowerre bring from the third loft, where the goods had been stored, some children’s clothing. By the Cevar—I saw him give two pieces to Tallmadge’s wife; I should think it was in the win- ter after the spring they were brought there, By Nacce—The furniture was brought to the store in two lots, the first two or three days after the lst May, and the rem under some little time af- terwards. | have seen Talimadge’s wife there, and also Tallmadge, whe was much excited at his furni- ture being kept from him, as he wanted to keep house; | have heard Lowerre say ‘he offered him $50 a AG up part of the furniture. It would puz- zle a Philadelphia lawyer to say how often she came—for some months as often as five or six times aweek. The goods were there when | left; I have frequently seen Lowerre and her together in close conversat! I ence came into the office when they were close together, but I never eus- peeted any thing; I recollect a woman coming to the Carmine street etore, and Lowerre said it was Tallmadge’s wif-, coming co pa her rent; when she came to Peck slip she as! of him to give her up her clothing, as she wanted to go to the west; I heard him say if she went to Utica he was comin be in the summer, and would probably call to see er. By Hotmes—I never saw her at Carmine sireet but the one time alludedto. $e came in, paid the money and wentoff. I have been awitness before in relation to the furniture. Cannot say it was brought there at request of Tallmadge. Do not iecolleet hearing T. say it should be to discharge the landlord's warrant, but he said “you keep the furniture till you get the, money.” ‘Iheard Low- erresay he had taken wha: the law allowed him of Tallmadge’s furniture under a landiord’s warrant and Tallmadge told him to store tie rest. He said Tallmadge asked him to keep the furnii he could redeem it. I Lave seen Tallmadge ‘e four or five times. Did not hear Tallmadge say he had the 9100, but Lowerre ae keep the furniture and goto h——- with it. Lowerre said that i madge had said so. Lowerre say the furniture belonged to Tallm except when it was first brought there, He spo! of the $100 about 5 or 6 months afterwards said that Tallmadge observed, if he would not ta! the $10) he mightkeep it, &c. The $50 alluded to was at another time. Knew nothing of what was done with the furniture, except from hear. ba ty Nactx—I understood from Lowerre that ffered him to let the kitchen raitare alone, Sime wanted it for housekeeping. er have This was in the winter. . Trnen sworn—Knew Mrs. Tallmadge and Mr, omar Kaew the latter’s store 10 Peck slip. [saw them Me oe there in early part of went into the office, and saw together—I will contact y how. When | discovered thi Thad known By Hotmes—. saw themtogether. [ was not quite satisfied at the time it was Mrs. Tallmadge, but waited tillshe came out. I have since beeome satisfied the man was Lowerre. I jive in Brooklyn, to where | moved last Mond:y. I moved from 14 Fifth street, where | lived three and a half months In Anvgust last I moved to Belleport, L IL. on ac- count of my health, and returned in the winter. I lived prev waite for seven years in Rivington street. Jacob Theory lived nexc door to me, at the corner of Clinton snd Rivington. My business is painting, but, om account of my health, I turnmy ind to different business. I was at the paint shop of Mr. Bollus in June or July, when Lowerre eame in. I knew him before, by sight, but could never get previously his name—the Foorle 1 asked said he was ‘he stingy man.” Al he went out of Mr. Boilus’ | asceriained his name to be Lowerre. Thad seen him go up and down Clinton street, and once standing near the eorner. I manufacture blue ink, and went into Loweree’s store att! time I speak of, tosell it. I think there isa dow in the counting room, large, and also door. lsaw a, I opened the d do not recollect whether or not there wi tain. By Covnr—I mean, when I say i saw this man and woman in contact, that the: were in sexual acntna Teaatioe bout ten feet deep. y Hotmes—I cannot say whet! be seen from the yard Vhen I pei (the ee they were behind it, back. They were about half way between sitting and standing. Cannot say they were leaving against the She was sitting on something her than a chair, and he was about sitiing half standing. side of her face was towards me. net or some other bonnet on hada cloak om then, though ad clothes enough around her—she had a cloak on when she came out. He turned his face over and a kind of slid down to conceal matters, and she turned her face toward me. His face wastoward the door when I went in. 1 walked through the store at an ordinary walk. 1 did not go in sly. I boots. Thad seen Lowerre previously in Clinton street.. Saw him after night, and thought him one of those men who were prowlng about afer women. I asked who he was, and was told, as observed, that he was the “stingy man.” The neighberhood was 9 , but there were one or two there. I saw him walking s'owly the women, and thought he was al saw him at the painter’s shop after: his countenance wh nat the store wil but did not know his name. Ido not was after women Clinton street, something in a m: makes you form some epinion of him. [ cannet say more than that I thought them en; ged in crim- jal conmexion. I did not er them. It a mere giance, and Thad known Mrs. Tallmadge for four years, w they resided in Clinton strect. been at their house lhc Ar w her both tim I kept agro cery store al ivington stree: y or 90, and Mra T. ame there. Aller eontugore of store in Peck stip, | walked oa the o ite si for half or three quarters of an ahs’ bettee me came out. A man went in, soon after which Mrs. T.came out. She went up into Pearl street, and F am sure it was her. I said nothing about i: till July or August; after I had found out Lowerre’s name, | then mentioned to Mr Tallmad; part of what | had seen. I was not willing to tell Mr, T. but had heard that he and his wife had some culty, and supposed it to arise from such ca * Iwas over to Hoboken with him and asked him ions to draw out why he ed him if his wife w: id ne. abe ed if she went ¥,§°t into a passion, and said i ted such a thing he would not hesi. tate to run him eb witha dirk. I shut up. He then commenced telling me that Lowerre had robbed him of his furniture, and n took the clothes from his little girl. 1 told him to take care that he did not rob him of his wife ; I said no more, determined to say no:hing more abcut it to any body. He came to my house ia July August and said his wife was rui: ed me what I knew about her. I jefused to say anything. He sat down and cried bitterly. We out, and he asked me what he should do with his children— that he eould never live with his wife again. Itold him I was going to Long Island, snd would take his chil T afterwards received a letter from him asking me (0 come up and eay what I knew ¢ had a straw bon- about Mr. Lowerre. Ihad never told Mr. Tall- madge whi Le igs oo have I until now, tend. J heard t! difficulty had occurred between Lowerre and him, and I would avt come up. After arrival in tewn my fath Jaw called on me, Talimadge had sued Lowerre, an: hed me to be a witness. 1 found I had geti ‘ape, and felt a regret at being called as a witness. When I called upon Tallmadge( who was an acquaintance of mine) to ge to Hoboken. I thought I would tell him what I saw, but was equivocating in my mind about it, as I was. averse to hurting his feelings, and, from what toek place, did not. [do not recollect seeing any stairs an the office at Peck slip. I saw Lowerreand Mrs. Tallmadge together between 11 rud1 By Nagce—I am a man of family ; 1 worked for Dupegnac seven years—also for Mr. Price, Mr. Weston, andjothers. I have alse done business for myself, and can refer, with others, to Mr. Joseph Bradley, one of the jurors in this Gourt, but not engaged in the present cae. Mr. Tallmadge and. Mr. Lowerre are in Cou;t ; that is Mr. Tallmadge aad that Mr. Lowerre [pointing tothem]. I learned something of chair turning when a boy, and, on m health failing, worked someatthat. Since Mrs. Jane Willets (a rosy-cheexed lady of 25) sworn.—Knows there is such a personas Ti madge, and kn Mr. Lowerre. » and Mr. T. livedat334 Clinion street. Tet eares from there om the cate after the of May. I moved in, and found Mr. and Mrs. T. oveng the upper part of the hou On the 2d or he came to me early in the morni had the loek of the door. 1 said ‘Mrs. i He went eff in a great rage, and said he would fix her. I followed him upand he went up stairs.— Mrs. ey Age dh hat he —— Mr. Lowerret?” He replied *‘ nothing, on! wi like tosleep with Fo ” Tieft them together, an he remained up stairs half or three quarters of an. hour. Mr. Tallmadge was notin the house By Hotmes.—I remained in the house till last May; I have had no difficulty except that Mr. Lowerre took a watch, and pretended to sell it, and never returned it (o me; he said that he knew aman who wanted to buy it, and he would take his rent eut of it,and return me the balance, but did me M mei aa my been distrained upon. ir Lowerre and myself never agreed; 3 never epoke to himafter he took my ‘waiehs 1 tok. my little son and went to his store, _— to the money and get the watch, but hete) “ind there to tarn me out of the store; J didn’t go ont, although he took hold of me; 1 stood and talked; Thad no fight; I have no husb.und; Mr. Tallmadge was not in the house when Mr Lowerre went up to his wife; she was not in her room, butin the gar- ret, wherethey remained together; Mr. Lowerre asked when he came ic the morning, who had te- ken the lock off; I said, Mrs. T, the previous af- terneon, as she said she owned it; I fal ed Mr. Lowerre up, because I knew Mrs Ty alone, and I was afraid he was going to strike her; I onl: went upthe first flight, and when I heard what 1 did, came down again Thre was no bed in the [sli Mrs. Tallmadge had b: weeping; I had een up in thegarret a short bet there from curiosity to see there since we move when Lowerre went up, is mat-- ter?” She said * wh: ater?” He said, “th nothing the matter, only you want me to sleep with you;” I didn’t go cown stairs, but waited ten minutes or so; 1 h have gone into the bedroom and ould me; I had not seen Mr. Tallmadge at the house; I left im the morning et 7, and returned in the evening; morning I went up in the garret with her; room at all; my mo- ther said she saw Mr. Tallmad; the house after we moved in; I keptat Mr.K der’s clothing store, 150 Broadway; I ha’ ver threatened to have re- venge on Mr. Lowerre; oat things were aot taken by process; there was dif ly about the watch; our things were put out withou: process; I was not so put out. Naore—Mr. Tallmadge had oceu; whole of the apper part of the two bed rooms in the garret; abou: except Mr. Lowerre; i saw Mr. L. there early every morning, and Mr. Tallmadge was not home. By Hormes—We moved in on Thursday, Ist May, and Mr. Tallmadge’s things, 1 understood, were taken away on Monday. | believe that neither Mr. T. mor inthe house on Thers- day night or Frida: ht; their gocds werenot seized till the 2d or 34 of May. Mr. Lowerre came there every night and mormiag; om Thursday morning I spoke to him in the st and he came Ques! of this kind ected to by jagle, necessari! ig the Court and Jury. Mr. Holmes replied.] By a Jvnzon—If the Jury haveany rights, 2 hope the Court will pretect them in it, Covar—It is my rule to exercise patience, 20 that parties may not cnly havea fair trial but feel that they have had such. Hotmes.—It is not to be the misfortune of Mr. Lowerre tha’, having been brought here an rant as the dead of what evidence was to be brought against him, shall not have a fair opportumity of be- ing heard? Same Jonon—If I were here under foter cumstances, I should think it a jury of my eo would hear the of the case, but itie all Isheuid think necessary. Ip this way of NE tenet and going over and cir- Fi for no purpose. I am will te staybeon parort week, if Tou tits P aa justice, bat I think o more qui foLmes—Lewerre came one ¢' and acted nants go upstairs. wit wimto-hold thelight. I do not keow ovbat he wante, son up staire; he said he wanted 10 find that was up there; I think the lock was taken F riday or Saturday ; Mr. Lowerre was there, and in my room, Saturday evening ; he asked me to go up stairs and hold a light, which I did: Mr. aad Mes. T e were net there om Sunday morn- ing; Mr. Lowerre came there. Mrs. Buata sworn—Was a tenant of Mr. erre, at 33 Clinton street, ai; Mr.and Mi Tailmadge. He has several houses. there. day that Lowerre took the furniture1 heard Mr. L. and Mrs. T. talking in tne attic, while I was standing in mine. Mrs Ralimadge seemed to angry, and ealled him a big nigger, and called something else. I heard a crash and he came uj ; ¥ Sis stairs said “woman, what are you about?” She said “I will let you know what I amabout.” She went into her bed room and talked for some time,