New Britain Herald Newspaper, February 1, 1929, Page 27

ITHOUT the aid of dumb ani- mals many of the greatest dis- coveries that man has made in medical science would have been im- gouibl-, especially in that branch nown a8 biologic therapy, which re- fers to the prevention and treatment of iInfectious diseases by means of * vaccines and serums. An example of the former is cowpox vaccine for the prevention of smallpox, and an ex- ample of the Iatter is antitoxin for the muntion and treatment of diphtheria, whole, field being designated as biologic therapy because the substances employed are products of living cells. The treatment of hemorr! and vari- ous diseases by blood on (s an COLD-PROOF OLD-PROOF CLOTHES, even to C an electrically heated mask for the face, are tWo recent inven- tions dexigned for mah's comfort, es pecially avistors and others who are exposed to intense cold. The electric mask is also used as an aid to beauty. The electric suit is the invention of Walter D. Graham, of River Forest, UL It is heated by electricity. Individual heatin, s, each of them a unit, are dmud all over the inside of the suit, covered by the’ lining, provision being made for sup- clylng cuarrent to all of them from a attery. Assoclated with the main garment which covers the body, the arms, an the legs, are gauntlets and moccasing, the wrists and ankles of which have, connected to them, sockets for electric ’l‘!fi:- i ns d th e main garment opens down the front of the wearer's body, and is se- cured with buttons or snap fasteners. Sewn on the inside of it are pads for the knees, the thighs, chest, and the shoulders, with a big one to pro- tect the back. Through the pads are woven the wires for heating. The moccasins (to be worn inside of shoes) have wires running back and forth through the soles and uppers. The ntiets have & similar arrangement of wires woven up and down through the backs and around the fingers and thumbs. To complete the protective costume, there is & hood-like helmet, of woolen cloth or fur, through the padded in. side of which & metwork of wires is woven. The application of electric treatment hthth. face, to r:l::.u wrinkles or {a‘: other purposes of uty enhancemen has heretofore been found difficult, owing mainly to the almost impossi- bility of providing a suitable mask which, serving as an electrode, would Etemal Ice TERNAL ICE, to depths of more than a hundred yards, binds the sail of northern Siberia even in Summer, according to Professor Scho- stakowitch of Irkutsk, in & recent ad- Cases are on where these thawed columns of ta) subterranean rivers flowing ul the ice layer, resulting in verit- able artesian wells that spouted to the ceilings and drove eout occupants. h e i (@ < The Great Debt That Science Owes to Dumb Animals additional well known example of bio- logic therapy. “Without anima) experimentation,” says John A. Kolmer in Hygeia, “the discoveries upon which this division of therapeutic acience is based could aever have been made and without it biologic therapy would be se badly handicapped that it would practically ceass. Animal experimentation is therefore lmponb;y associsted with vention, treatment of ’d'l:un ‘ S “Of course to the immortal Jenner belongs the honor of discovering in 1796 cowpox vaccination against the Thee vascinatien. apuinst sislipes”hes n against smal become one of the safest nmdmun- CLOTHES for fit with a sufficiently close con- tact over the whole surface. Any breaks in.the contact are liable to cause severs burns. This problem is claimed to be solved by a method which an Austrian: of Vienns, Edwin Last, bas just patented. It consiste in mklnf [ rlmn mold of the face, lining it with tinfoil, and nplu'lnr it upon the face, with suitable electrical connections for transmission °'1'c“m‘wm.mm ? the pat ) r of the patient is covered with a cap, and the face plaster the forehead, across ear to ear, scrom series of such strips n several plies, until all except the eyes, nostrils and mouth are covered, with intimate for every interstice formed a perfect mask is umupv:d and lined Iatter, applied to with cement to @ Way for the Discovery of Qiphtheris Awtitoxin Which Hae Boon Used to Savp the Lives of Myriade of Children Uving in All Parts of the World. - ¥nown to medicine and has rid whole countries of a diseass whose terrors are all but unknown to present genera: tions, “The gentle rabbit has contributed enormously to advancements in bio- logic therapy, diagnosis and “human welfare. In 1880 Pasteur succeeded in transmitting rabies or mad dog disease to rabbits. About the same time he worked out & method of pflafl%n vaccine from their spinal cords. is he used in 1885 for vaccinating doge against the disease. : “No one ean deny the this application of ani experimenta- tion to human welfare, for Pasteur vaccination has reduced the incidence of rabies among human beings, bitten by rabie dogs from 18 "4‘0 per cent to about 0.6 per cent. in triumph is the AVIATOR at value of 5 against the Man in His Fight on isease, Scientists ISelected This Noble Animal for the Manufacture of Various & Antitoxins, Horse Serums Are Employed Extemively in Treating Lockjaw, Gangrene and Pneumonia. all the more striking when it is re. membered that no human being de- veloping rabies has ever been known to recover. It has fallen to my lot to see two persons with rabies and to endure the anguish of helplessly standing by with the realization that nothing could be done to save the unfortunate victims. “The rabbit has also proved invalu- able for the preparation of reagents essential for the conduct of certain laboratory diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and some other infectious diseascs. “The rabbit is employed for the pre. paration of various precipitins by w] ich adulteration of meat is detected in sausages and bolognas. “The humble little guinea-pig has proved a blessing to both human beings and the lower animals in the aid it has fiven biologic therapy and diagnosis. t is responsible in & way for the dis- covery of diphtheria itoxin, which has saved countless thousands of lives. “The guinea-pig s indispensable at the present time for determining the strength or curative activity of diph- theria and tetanus antitoxina expressed in terms of units. This insures against the administration of antitoxins lack- ing in curative power for the preven- tion and treatment of diphtheria and lockjaw. [n addition to these two out- standing uses, the guinea-pig is em- Eloyed to a lesser extent in standard- ing other serums. “This valuable little animal is also essential for measuring the strength.of diphtheris and tetanus toxin. The former is of special interest in relation to the Schick test for determining sus- ceptible individuals requiring immedi- ate protection against the disease and, what is even more important, for as- certaining those who are susceptible for the pul&pose of vaccinating them isease. “It is a comforting thing for.parents to know that a child coming home from school with sore throat cannot have this dreaded disease or does not require an injection of antitoxin alone, which rotects at most for only a few weeks.' n this triumph of modern medicine the guinea-pig has played a role worthy of our deepest gratitude. “To the noble horse we owe a great deal for the manifold blessings it conferred on both mankind and the lower animals through serum therapy for a large number of acute and dan- gerous infectious diseases. By reason of its strength and size the horse was early selected for the manufacture of diphtheria antitoxin. But this is only one of a large number of diseases in which horse serums have proved of great value both in prophylaxis and treatment. Tetanus antitoxin, for ex- nm%l:, when given immediately has robbed wounds of danger from loek- jaw, and even after the disease has developed antitoxin in large doses has , saved many lives otherwise doomed. “Antigangrene serum developed during the World War is proving of value in the pre- vention and treat- ment of gangrene of wounds, espe- cilly those follow- ing amputations. Antibotulinus an- titoxin is available for the prevention and treatment of a fatal form of food poisoning, and antimeningitis serum has reduced the mortality of epidemic cerebros- })inal meningitis rom 70 to less than 25 per cent. “Antipneumono- coccus serum and especially pneumo- coccus antibody solution made from it have reduced the mortality from pneumonia. Antistreptococcus serum has proved a life-saving agent in many cases of childbed fever, or puerperal sepsis, as well as in blood poisoning, or septicemia, caused by the streptococcus in other diseases. “Scarlet fever antitoxin is of value in the prevention of this scourge and in its treatment, since the mortality has been reduced from 10 per cent to less than 1 per cent, to say nothing of re- ducing the incidence of running ears, mastoid disease, swollen glands and kidney disease. Erysipelas antitoxin is of value, as is antirheumatic fever serum. Anti-anthrax serum, antivenin (a snake-bite serum), antidysentery, antiplague, and anticholera serums, all are prepared by immunizing horses with the different disease-producing bacteria or their toxins. “Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins and some other of these serums are sometimes prepared by immunizing cattle. “The quiet little white mouse plays a part in developing biologic therapy for some diseases, notably pneumonia. The white mouse happens to be pecu- liarly susceptible to the pneumonia germ, the pneumococcus, and is useful for determining the strength'or cura- tive power of antipneumococcus serum and antibody solution, which have un- doubtedly reduced the mortality from pneumonia. “It is evident, then, that we owe to animal experimentation almost all of our fundamental knowledge of biologic therapy. Its continued use is the only means for carrying on an extremely valuable division of medicine, and the lower animals themselves have been and continue ‘to be directly benefited by the knowledge and advances made in this important field.” Buttressed HOUSES Built of CONCRETE to RESIST Shocks of EARTHQUAKES A Concrete Earthquake-Proof House Built on New Principles. Heavy Buttresses with Cornices Are Combined in One Form So That When the Structure [s Shaken It Sways as a Unit, HE cities of Tokio and Yoko- hama, in Japan, are being re- built on plans which have in view & maximum of practical sefety from earthquakes. The latest model in earthquake- proof houses is shown in the accom- panying photograph, It is a residence in Tokio, and is built of concrete on new scientific principlés. Heavy but- tresses with cornices are combined in one solid ,frame. If the house is shaken it will move as a unit and thus will not be torn to pieces. The S"“ earthquake of 1923 destroyed nearly one-half of Tokio and more than one-fourth of Yoko- hama, It was the most disastrous happening of the kind ever recorded anywhere. In Tokio 1,600,000 people were rendefed homeless, and 150,000 were killed. Numerous canals provide a water transportation in both cities, and neces- sarily there must be many bridges across them. In 1923 there were 583 bridges in Tokio. Two hundred and eighty-nine of these were destroyed by the fire that followed the earth- uake, and sixty-nine were shaken own., The bridges are being reconstructed of fireproof material. Fireproof zones have been established, and now people can find safe refuge from flames during a conflagration. Streets have been widened. How LIFE Is SAVED by FEAR R. ALAN GRIMBLY has many words of comfort for those who are afraid in a contribution on “The Practical Aspect of Fear,” which appears in “The Encyclopaedia of A BOAT That SAILS on ICE or WATER BOAT of novel construction that runs on ice or water is the invention of Peter Stone, of Detroit. The body of the craft, some- what resembling in shape the fuselage of an airplane, is-mounted on two pon- arra catamaran-fashion. An automobile engine drives an air pro- peller at the front. The ponuml? longer than the body and extending forwardly of the latter, are hollow and have sufficient buoy- ancy to support the boat in water. A runner extends along the bottom of each of them, its full length. There are two rudders, one at the rear end of each pontoon. They are connected by a crossrod, and are con- trolled by a steering wheel. When the boat is running on ice, the rudders are turned from side to side to steer it. A spring fixed to the body has an end connected to a tie-rod, and, by exerting a downward pressure on the latter, it holds the rudders in tight engagement with the ice. * When the boat is in the water, the spring forces the rudders downward, 50 as to give them a proper grip on the water. The operation of the rudders is in this respect automatic, the guid- ing mechanism adapting itself instant- ly in case the boat suddenly runs off the ice into water. The Boat Is Mounted on Pontoons to Which Runners Are Attached for Use on the lce. CA Psychology,” published by The Psy- chology Foundation, Brussels, “Fear,” says Dr. Grimbly, “is the emotion that preserves life. It makes 8 child shun fire, and an adult look both ways before crossing the road. In such ways fear is an asset without which we should all soon be dead! . “The so-called fearless man, becausc his mind does not telegraph the pres- ence of danger, takes foolish ris! which often end in disaster. The brave man knows that he is afraid, conquers his fear, and waits to face the danger in full control of his faculties. A man is only a coward when he allows his fear to swamp his reason and cause - him to act recklessly, to fly without any plan, and becdhe as an animal.” Fear does not necessarily go hand in hand with danger. Dr. Henry"M. Miller shows how worry regarding the future ruins thousands of lives. Many people almost unconsciously, are afraid of what the future holds. This worry has a definite effect on their bodily as weli as mental systems. It poisons the blood streams and affects the heart. As an example of the physical ef fect of fear, he quotes the story of an experiment on a cat. The animal was placed under an X-ray and securely fastened. Milk was given to it and it ;urred contentedly. Throu the -ray apparatus the mormal churning action, of the stomach was noted. Then a ferocious dog was brought into thc room. The cat immediately becam: afraid, worried, and angry. And through the instrument it was sec: that the stomach was literally tied in a knot and the digestive process ruined. @)l it