New Britain Herald Newspaper, November 20, 1928, Page 11

(=] NEW BRITAIN HERALD [-rr] NEW BRITAIN CONNECTICUT, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1928, | | STNTHETIC 0AL | MAKING IS SHOWN ? | Carnegie Institute Experts Wit- 1ess Great Experiments Pittsburgh, Nov. 20 P—The mak- Ving of synthetic coal, to all appear- ances the equal of natural coal, out of cellulose, was described to the second international conference on bituminous coal at Carnegie institute of Technology today by Friedrich Bergius, German chemist. Cellulose is a chemical obtained from wood, cornstalk and various lnlnnt- which are used as an element of many commercial products from silken stockings to auto lacquers and gunpowder. 5 Berglus made artificial coal in minute quantities several years ago, | but only during the last year, he said today, has he made it in suf- 3 @cient quantities to demonstrate that it is virtually real coal. This time he converted about 11 pounds of cellulose. It was placed in an airtight metal = ~vessel with water, thoroughly mixed, and high pressure produced in the vessel. The contents were heated to 340 degrees centigrade by stand- sing the container in molten lead. “After 24 hours of this sealed cook- ing the heat was shut off, gas that had accumulated inside was allow- ed to escape from the contalner and the liquld permitted to condense, Tike Real Coal When it hardened it was coal. Mr. Bergius described numerous +eests that he tried to find out wheth- er it was chemically exactly the same as nature's coal. He found that of the cellulose used all but one-half of one per cent was recov- ered. That is that from 11 pounds of | wood he had virtually 11 pounds of | coal. He calls it “end coal.” As a | final test he subjected it to the lat- ; est modern process of liquifying coal, which is attracting the major attention of the present coal con- gress, He said it liquefied like real .coal, producing the same unmistak- able olls, acids and ketones. Mr. Bergius described also the production of artficial coal from ..lignin, which is a wood product “kin to cellulose, Though this experiment succeed- ed, he said, it had “so far only been inade in a small way.” owing to the jifficulty of obtaining larger quan- tities of lignin sufficiently pure. “The results of oyr investigation,” he said, “shows again that the end oal resulting from cellulose is very ‘closely related to natural coal, that this end coal is of an aromatic na- ture and that it therefore is more | than likely that a considerable pro- | portion of natural coal is derived | trom cellulose.” He named Dr. Karl Schoenemann as an associate in the undertaking 7ot the cellulose and the lignin ex- periments. I Pedestrians Run Down, « Escape Serious Injury John Lacey, aged 75, of 59 Kast nutomobile owned and driven by John R. Peterson of 200 Stratford “oad about 7:30 o'clock last, night on East Main street about 200 feet cast of Center strect, and sustained 1 deep laceration on his ~forehead nd injuries about the nose and neck. He was attended by Dr. A. J. Savard at the Boys' club, where Peterson took him, and was then ken to his home after refusing to to the hospital. Peterson reported to the police » a8 he was driving west on East Main street at the approximate rate Eapect to be away abowt Alss mail descriptive trave! folders. ‘l = Strent No. | § Orvendteme (bsescsssasess Main street, was run down by an; that Lacey stepped i to the path of |a his car from the rear of a parked |sa of 15 miles an hour. It was rain- ing hard and Peterson was unable to avold the accident. Sergeant Mc- Avay found no cause for police ac- tion. Frank Kieffer of 148 Dwight street reported to the police that a woman was struck by his automobile about 5 g'clock last evening as she crossing Commercial street. He w. driving east at the time. The wom- an, whose name was not learned by Kieffer, sald she was not injured. HOMEWORK CALLED AN IMMORAL PLAN Alabama Educator Opposes Les- sons Out of School New Orleans, La., Nov. Homework assignments for school children are immoral, Mrs. Marietta Johnson, founder of a kindergarten- |3 to-college school at Fairhope, Ala., said in an address before the New Orleans Child conference here. Mra. Johnson's school has no grades, no examinations and no assigned lesson but graduates have entered 20 stgndard colleges and none has fail- ed. Mrs. Johnson said, “All the stand- ard schools do is get children ready —get first graders ready for the second grade; get each grade ready for the next; get graduates ready for something else, They want to guar- antee he will be ready for something —and that is the business of a quack. That is partly the result of religion, partly the result of our in- dustrial system., “At our school we say instead that it is just as important to be four as it is to be 40, and there's no use getting ready for 40 when you're fqur. the needs of the child, as an organ- ism, at his present age. “The time to iearn is when you need to know. So, though we do give examinations—which everybody passes—in high school, we teach the children then what they need to know. If ever there when you need it for an examination problem. That is when we tell it to the children. It is normal for a child to come from school and forget his leesons | § until he goes to bed. If he has an assignment, he has to lose his sleep | i to get it, or have his mother get it —and he gets scolded if his mother gets it wrong. Therefore the fault is. with the assignment. It starts a wrong movement, and anything that starts & wrong movement moral. “The problem of the school is not to make the child meet its standards but to meet the standards .' the child’s needs. Baron 6’Neiii, Head of Noted Irish Line, Dies | Belfast, Northern Ireland, Nov. 20 (P—Baron O'Neill, aged head of the | & noted O'Neill family of County An- |3 trim, died yesterday at Eralerstown, County Derry, in his 89th year. There generation along the shores of Lough Neagh who declare that the wail of the banshee or white fairy associated with deaths in old Irish families, was heard near the ruins of Shane's castle, the O'Neill resi- dence, during the previous night. The O'Neill banshec 1s one of the most famous in Ireland. It is sald to have seldom failed to announce || an impending death in the family for a score of generations. Baron O'Neill had a long carcer judge and parliamentarian. 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