New Britain Herald Newspaper, December 15, 1922, Page 17

SILK LINGERIE In Intriguing Colors. Al femining and frilly, Possibly you hadn't —the thoughtful gift from one woman (o another. t will so thoroughly satisfy her love for things thought of underwear. 4 Why-mot comie in and look over our stocks? Very moderately priced. —SPECIAL MENTION— Just arrived, wonderful assortment of hand-made Gowns and Chemise $1.98 . So fine and well made you could give them to your best |Blouses d Newest collar effects—Made of fine 423 Kimonos of rosec, Beautifully HANDKERCHIEFS— | - PETROLEUM friend. for Gifts a At $1.98 $2.98 $3.98 each quality striped dimity Kimeno or a Bath Robe for ~ That “Gift” Copih, embroj l‘.ur women ever assembled here, Individuality; the quality every woman prizes i a dominant. note in this Christmas NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERA™D, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1922, APPAREL SPECIALTIES - NEW BRITAIY The Chistmas Bhop ““What Have You Planned Asks—— 5 to Give Her?"” F) Gift giving is the open sesame to Ohfll'filll-—. beautitul custom hallowed alike in precept and usage. _VWeonmllyholpywsolvemrgmnmNumuwenm presenting one of the most intevesting selections ot‘glm i crchandise. curs'in many parts of the world, but FLOW IS NO LONGER Mountain Region Rich i These Mineral Deposits " That May Solve Future Fuel Problems . n, D. €., Dec. 16.~When ‘of that liquid gold. known m gives sign of cking, & consequence thé whir and | Bthe country’s millions of filv- notor busses and ~ traetors to desist for lack of fuel, étching reserves of oil he United Btates stand out lost important resources of 88 for petroleum oils, states of“Mined Those ‘shales; tntapped reservoirs ormous areas-of the eouns smost economic im- £ .in" Qolorado, Névada i Wyoming, Great areas of oocur, however, in vari- tates, notdbly, Kentucky, Ohlo. 'The great éco- nge ©f ofl shales is that, ndiiskry is properly devel- United States will have @& ply of mineral oils, ot be eut off In time of Ewhich, come what may, wiff -ready to- help meet the ‘mand - for oll; no matter, petroleum situation LA -shale the Bureau # Mines; “depend primarily upon up of,-and démand upts, particularly] ort to believe that oral years the domes- " petroleum will de<| emand for. its pro<| and ofl-shales ear deficiency development of an American oil- shale must be slow, although this can be hastened by the employment ot highly-trained specialists, the pro- per Kind of experimental work, and singere, co-operation and mutual help- fulness among the oil-shale opera- tors. 3 ¥ Large sums of money will haxe to vested before the oll-shale in- becomés one of important com- eonisderation. It is probable that the investment negessary for an ofl-shale retorting and refining plant will approximate $3,000 per barrel of shale-oil daily capacity. The present anmial domestic output of petroleum is at the rate of over 400,000,000 barrels, and.to replace that produg- tion with shale-ofl would require nearly 1,100 shale retorting plants, each putting through 1,000 tons of shale daily, every day in the year. This is assuming that the sale yields 43 ‘gallons of ofl per ton. The total quantity of whale mined would be over 400,000,000 tons, ~which ap- proaches the annual coal produetion. Thé. investmient of retorts and refin-: eries alone for an-iddustry of this magnitude would be over $3,000,000,- 000, This does not include estimated cost of lands, opening up and develop- ing mines, or transportation and ‘mar- keting facilities; neither does. it in- clude the cost of developing subsidi- ary industries, without which a shale- ofl industry could not exist. " How to_Get Out Oll ‘shale is a compact, laminated rock, of -Sedimentary origin, ylelding oyer 33 per cent of ash and contain- ing orf matter that vields oil distilled but , not ;ppyeclnbly when extmcted with the ordinay sol- litlon] vents for petroleum. Ofi-shale oe- Eiko. the shale deposits of Beotiand, be- cause of their having been the basis of a commercial industry for many yeats,. are 'the most widely ‘Itnowp. The shales worked at present in Scot- | land yield ‘about-25 U, 8. gallons of ofl. and 36 pounds q('ufl}pmlup sul- phate to the short ion. Oil shale deposits have been worked In a small way in the county of Dorset in ‘England from time to Itime for tenturies, Oil-shdle depos- its of importance oecur in the Can- adian provinces of New Brungwick, and Nova Scotia, and in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. | Shale deposits in the provinces of Al- | lier and Saone of Loire, France, have been worked for more than half & century. large depolts of shale, exist in Jugo-Slavia, Spajn, Bweden, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Esthonia, Brazil and oth¢r countries. In the United States, the largest oil shales are in the Rocky Mountain re- | gion, 'and bejong to the Green River formation in northwestern Coloradb, southwestern Wyoming and north- eastern Utdh, The Green River for- mation contains persistent beds up to 49 feet thick that will yleld at least 35 gallons of ecrude oil to the’ tom. More thorough surveying and samp- ling may discover thicker seams of equal or greater tichness. A récent- ly discovered 20-foot seam ylelded over 60 gallops of oll to the ton, by laboratery test. In Colorado, the Green River formation attains a max- imum thiokness of about 2,600 feet. Some beds, most of them too thin to be worked commerdially, “have yielded up fo 20 gallon. of oll to the ‘ton in laboratory tets, and’ it'is safé to assumeé that the Green River for- mation . contains enough shale of workable thickness to supply a large ampunt of material that for many | years will yield over 85 gallons to the ton. These shales will also yiéld per ton upwards of 20 pounds of ams monium sulphate, valuable for fertile izer PUrposs. ¢ The ‘g.l_;lu]el of Nevada mostly i the eastern district and Caglin. They differ oecur near cally-and chemically from the shales of the Green River formation, and are usually somewhat lighter in color for the same yleld of oil. The Cajlifornia - depopits, ' for the ‘most ‘art, are hardly true oil-shales; as the gregteriport of the oil obtained trom them,‘eécurs ag- such; apd can be ‘extracted by sujtable, solvents. Theélr oll yleld varles greatly, vut the averpge {8 not high; even.the best 40 not; yleld much over 20 gallong to the ton, ‘and. their nitrogen contentis 1s very low, In many places the depos- its are thick, and wre goccessible; so they.have commercial’ possibilities. they have commercial possibilities. Near Dillon, Montana, there are ofl shale beds three feet or more thick that will probably yleid up to 80 gal- lons of ofl to the ton. The phosphate beds, assodiatel with thése shales, are possibly of future Amportance as a commercial source' of phosphates. The black shales of the Devonian formation, capable of yielding possi- bly egofomic quantities of oll, are Known to exist in the Statgs of In- d'ama, Iiiinols, Kentucky, Ohlo, New York, Pennsylvania, ‘West - Virginia and. Pennessee. Bhales of thé same formatidh, yielding notable quantities of ofl, have been reported in Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma. Ofl-shale is known to occur in Texas also 15" An Ol Proctss. The production of eil from bitu- minous materiala was known at least ag early ms 1694 when, Ele, Hancock and Portlock distilied “oyle from a kind of stone” from Shropshire, Eng- 1and. As early as 1761, ofls were dis- tilfed from bituminous "or oil’shales for medicipal. pul and as early as 1815, & works in England produped ofl. and ammonia’ by the didtillation of coal. , The oll-shale Industry ha# been de- veloped to a greater extent in Scot- land than in any other ‘part of the world, The amount of capital invest- ed in ledses, mines, works, refineries and the like ¥n Brotland s in éxcess of $12,600,000. If*the opinion ot ‘the bigseat of minds, those Whe are en- gaged or who' cuntemplate investiog {ndustry in the United States, ' will miake no mistake by studying, fu de- tall, the technique of the Bcotch in- \;uuazry‘b:;'l;:‘:‘b‘een in g.l.tance since it technique may ot apply. th fts sentifety - to m""id : shales an: ' exper conditions, ¢ of, Scotdh opetators and | thelr meth: ods of solving difticulties in commer: clal operation® can be of great value to our future ofl:shale 'irddu q In 1860 there were in the Unjted States flfty-three companies;, mostly in the eastern part of the country, pro- ducing oll by the distillation of varls ‘lous kinds of bituminous substances. The methods uged were crutie, and materials treated ranged from, bitu- ‘mifious and canal coals to sonie true oll-shales. = The desired’ product was Kkerosene or ‘coal oll,”” whith latter term. survives since . the, time, whén most ‘of (the keroséne, used In* this country was really derived from coal and thelifke. Bome of these compan- fes weré only just-getting started when the. American petrolen industry came (nto . being, reducing the. price of keroséne to such an extent that “ghale-oil” operations became uppro- fitable and the plants. wero abandon- ed, or adapted for use in refining petroleum. P . Revive' Intérest In 1916 In 4918 there doveloped in fne United, States a rémarkable interest ig ofl and the 'year marked the beginning of an attempted devel: opment of an oil-shale Industry o this country. Since that year an in- creasing mount of work has been done on ‘ollsshale, but né commercial oll-shinl¢” opérations have beén start- ed in this country, and’ the {ndustry , except in thie i demonstiation plants. ahy” investis gators and otganivers are working In’ potential inds physi-'or becoming engaged in the oll-shale "les. HOSIERY " ‘Always A welcome_ girt. ts from our Hand $2.98 e a3 ovei 100 compahies have been organ- lized, ostensibly for the purpose jof de- veloping oll-shale in some way or an- other, but really for the purpose of Tatte ‘the ' ooket-hooks of ‘the S Inthey n L wed, ouw , tor . th AP T e attention of the b ing the past' threé years. ' “Small plants, mostly for experimental and demonstrative work, have been erect- ed in various parts of’ the country. Two or three wre'in Hoboken, N. J., one or more in Tilinols and Kentucky; one in Kansas City; several in Den- ver; Colorado; ‘a half’ dozen or more in the region between Denver and Salt Lake City, Utah; two or three n Salt Lake-City;-and at least two in both. Nevada and California. None of ‘these. plants-can be considered as ever having operated ~comfercially; in‘tact they are not large enoughto be considered commercial instalia- tions, in the sense of being - able to prod shale-oll in. eommercial qualities and quantities. » f 0f Economic Importance. Oll-shalés are of great -economic importahce and interest to the states in which they ocour. ‘When the shale idustry beging to réach the magnl- tuds of thé present status of.petrol- eim production, the mimber of mi ers alone required will be comparabl with - those ‘employed- in the nation coal mines,: an - average of 60,000 men.. Most of these laborers. will be brought_into the. shale: districts from vemote regions, witt live.in the shale flelds, and . with their «families, -carn and spend thelr' money in the same 10- cality. The enormous capital to be in- vested in the shalevindustry will add to thée wealth and taxable relatively cheaper in to' the shale districts than in" ‘parts of the country., ' Tho a ity of cheap fuels near the 2 #econdly, . by source of fuel ofl, Other prod frobthlv he of A Scotland, an 1 from the shi ‘? the am ter, whioh Is in making ium sulphate, an im er, From the shale ‘there! fined gasoline, burning ofls, gas fuel ofls, lubricating . olis, wax and still coke, / Detatled hlmam&n possibilitios of the ofl is given in Bulletin 210, Gavin, refinery éngineer of of mines, which has just shales. . Coples of this. be obtalned by addressing