New Britain Herald Newspaper, August 20, 1914, Page 4

NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERALD. THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 1914.. - ““Together in One, All Things in Chris Last Words Uttered by Pope Pius X beéfe&sion VOver Clash of Arms in Europe Claims Life of ” L Pontiff Who Guided the Roman Catholic World for the Z’ast Eleven Years. B jography of Late Pontiff Comprises an Interesting History of a Soul De- voted to Its Creator. Rome, Aug. 20.—“Together in one, all things in Chris These words, [which he adopted as his motto in an encyelical issued on November 10, 1903, six days after he had been ele- vated to the pontificate, were on the lips of Pope Pius X as he entered the valley of death, The end, which came at 1:20 o'clock this morning, was peaceful. A few moments before he had been roused from semi-consciousness and jattempted to bestow a - blessing upon those gathered in the chamber, but his strength failed him. After a pause he murmured the Scriptural text and did not speak again. The death of the pontiff in the ightieth year of his life and the twelfth year of his pontificate, while long anticipated because of ailments incident to advanced age, nevertheiess came as a shock even to those near fhim, - For several days he had been suffering from gouty catarrh, but on Tuesday his physicians declared that the trouble was of no great portance and yesterday morning re- assuring reports concerning the pa- tient were current. Change Came Suddenly. THe change came suddenly during the forenoon yesterday, and early in the afternoon those in attendance an- nounced that death was imminent. _Similar attacks had been resistea with the aid of the pope’s will power, [but depression over the clash of arms in Europe militated against another jrécovery. At 1 o’clock last night the pontift lexperienced a distressing attack of lcoughing. He could not move in bed thout @ssistance and the struggle Lo breathe was painful to witness. As the supreme moment approached the oughing cgased and the restlessness hich the doctors had been unable to relieve disappeared. The features of he patient, which had given evidence of his pain, resumed a normal expres- sion except for the pallor, which in- creased. , Calm Preceding Rest. The papal secretary of state, Car- dinal Merry Del Val, Cardinals Fer- ta, Cagiano and Bisleti, the pope’s wo sisters and physicians, who were at-the bedside, recognized the calm preceding eternal rest. Dr. Marchia- fava, his hand on the: pontiff's pulse, turned toward the papal secretary, who was kneeling, and. shook his head. .Cardinal Merry Del Val un- derstood and covered his face with his hands. Meantime Cardinal Van- nutelli; the pope’s niece, Gilda Paro- lin, his major domo, Mgr. Bianchi, Megr. Misciatelli, and his secretaries, Mgr. Bressan and Mgr. Pescini, had Joined the group in the chamber. The ' sisters and the pope’s secre- taries could not restrain their sobs, and their voices seemed to bring back the pontiff from the coma into which he had lapsed. His eves opened and his lips moved, and it was plain that he was making an effort to impart a final blessing. For a moment it geemed that dissolution had taken place, and then the lips moved again. “Together iri one, all things in Christ” he whispered. Dr. Marehiafava released the wrist, which - :droppe® pulseless on the pontiff's breast; the physician bent over the bed, listening for a heart that was stilled. “It is all over,” he said, and reverently kissed the pontiff’s hand, In turn the others did the same, after which they in toned prayers for the dead. “¢ Candle Lights Flicker, : Immediately after candle lights flickered in all the windows of the Vatican and the whole personnel of the apostolic palace, with the permis- sion of the papal secretary, passed by the body, kissing the hand of the pontiff as they passed. Throughout the night messages had lbeen received from the heads of many states inquiring the condition of his holiness. All were immediately noti- fied of his death by Cardinal Merry Del Val. As is the practice at the Vatican the news of the death of the pope was 'withheld from the public until it had 'been officially announced to the vari- ous governments, Then it was made known here. The Italian premier, Signor Salandra, at once ordered that tHe ‘necessary measures be taken to guarantee the complete liberty of the provisional government of the church and of the sacred college of cardinals, which is the temiporary custodian of the supreme power of the church dur- ing the interregnum pending the elec- tion of a pope.: Candidates Already Mentioned. The matter of a conclave was dis- ‘cussed today. It was said that'a ma- jority of the cardinals are in favor ‘of holding it in Rome as usual, and “further because of the neutrality of 'Ttaly in the present war. Others, how- | ever, suggested that it would be bet- ter to meet in Holland, a country vhich they regarded as even more | neutral than-Italy. Among the can- idates already mentioned are Car- inals Maffi, De Lai, Ferrata, Agliardl, and Serafini, the latter for- nuncio of Mexico. is _much interest in the mat- re the body of the pope will im- | find its final resting place, It is re- called that the body of Pius IX, while being carried from St. Peter’s to St. Lawrence, was the cause of a riot. For this reason the body of Pope Leo, although he had expressed a wish to be buried in St. John Lateran, where his tomb was erected, is still in St. Peter’s, as the late pope feared that the transportation might cause disorders. It is believed that Pius X chose St. Peter’s for his tomb in order to avoid the possibility of unpleasantness, New Ruler for Conclave. The Giornale d'Itala today says that the pope recently drew up new rules to govern future conclaves and that this abolished the right of the veto of foreign powers thus freeing the cardinals of temporal influence in spiritual matters. The rules also the papers say modified some of the for- malities concerning the duration of the conclave. The arrival of Cardinal Dela Volpe, chamberlain of the church, from Imola today was anxiously awaited. As chamberlain he will di- rect the holy see temporarily and conduct the traditional ceremony in which the pontiff is officially pro- nounced dead. The arrangements for this ceremony were being per- fected by Cardinal del Val. In this ceremony the chamberlain lifts the covering from the face of the dead and with a silver hammer touches the forehead three times, say- ing each time. “Giuseppi Sarto.” When there is no reply he announces ‘“The pope is really dead.”” This is done in the presence of the cardinals, a few intimates of the dead and the Penitentiaries of St. Peter's who will prepare the body for the tomb. Later the body will be removed to another room where it will be embalmed. The sacred college will decide on the day upon which it will be transported to St. Peter'’s for the three days’ chapel sacrament before burial. The funeral service will be held in the Sistine chapel. The pope died 11 years and one montn after the death of Pope Leo. Conclave on September 3. It is expected that the conclave for the election of a pope will be held on September 3, being delayed to give time to the cardinals from several countries to arrive. Even so, it is doubtful whether Cardinals | } Gibbons and O’Connell from the; United States and Cardinal Ca\'al-I canti from Rio Janeiro can reach here on that date owing to the partial suspension of steamship service. It is stated, however, that notwithstand- ing the war, special trains will be put at the disposal of the cardinals in Europe. The rising sun found the Francis- can Penitentiaries keeping the death watching “and murmuring prayers. Outside St. Peter’s square, which had been filled throughout the night with persons of every rank until the death of the pope was announced, was de- serted. Under the colonnade at the bronze door of the vatican two Italian carabineers exchanged re- ports regarding the death of his holiness with the Swiss guard. Monsignor Prepares Body. Monsignor Zampini, of the pope’s household, assisted by the secretary and the pontiff’s valet laid out the body, placed the cruifix in the hands and stationed lighted candles about Volpe would return today and imm- mediately invite the members of the sacred college to decide upon e funeral ceremonies which will occu nine days. Interest in Rome when the fatal condition of the pontiff was admitted was intense. Throughout the night carriages crowded the vicinity of the vatican bringing diplomats and noble- men. The Knights of Malta lingled with bishops, priests, monks and nuns making anxious inquiry in many tongues. Those who were ad- mitted to the palace climed the royal staircase to the papal ante chamber where Swiss guards paraded solemnly up and down Clementine hall. Many were admitted to the throne room where the physicians * were posted. All the visitors registered. Entrance to Palace Forbidépn. After midnight through instruc- tions personally imparted by Cardinal Merry del Val entrance to the apos- tolic palace was forbidden while those within were not permitted to leave the palace or communicate with those outside. The telephonc line from the vatican was discon- nected and from then on nothing of what transpired within was known to the public until the death of his holiness was officially announced. World’s Rulers Notified, Premier Salandra has sent notifica- tion of the death of the Pope to the authorities throughout the kingdom, instructing them at the same to take part in the funeral ceremonies if in- vited. The death of the pontiff is an- nounced this morning in the Official Gazette, the organ of the Italian gov- ernment, Which at the same time pub- lishes an eulogistic obituary. Elected in 1903, Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, known to the world as Pope Pius X., was elected to the pontificate on August 4, 1903, and during his occupancy of his exalted office as head of the Roman Catholic church, he was con- fronted with some of the most mo- mentous problems, religious and gov- ernmental, with which the Holy See has had to deal in modern times. Pope Pius was, born on June 2, 1835, at Riese, in the Venetian pro- vinces, the first child of Gian-Battista Sarto, a postman, and his wife Mar- gherita. Giuseppe's early career was influenced by the village priest who took a liking for the boy, taught him to read and write and drummed into the youthful head the rudiments of latin. At the age of eleven years he entereq the seminary at Castel- franco, not far from his birthplace, and for four years every day he tramped to school, usually barefooted, until he reached the outskirts of the village, where he would slip on his shoes to keep up appearances. From: Castelfranco he passed in 1850 to the seminary at Padua, and in 1858, at the age of 25, was or- dained priest and took up his studies at Tombolo. In 1867 he had his first parish of importance, that of Sal- zano where he remained for eleven vears. In addition to his ecclesiastical duties, Father Sarto contributed largely to the support of his mother and sisters who found struggle, especially in the winter. His eloquence led to his being called at the age of 40 to Treviso the bed. It was thought that Cardinal Della as chancellor of the diocese, and shortly after he was uppointed pro- i for and against Cardinal life a hard | fessor of theology in the seminary. Nine years of strenuous work fol- lowed, crowned in 1884, by his as- suming the mitre as bishop of Man- tua. “Roman Count.” Leo XIII. conferred upon Bishop Sarto the title of “Roman Count” and in the consistory of June, 1893, created him cardinal, giving him the Roman church of San Bernardo from which to take his title. He was so poor that he was unable to pay the fees connected with ance of the new dignity, but some of his admirers came forward and provided him with the funds. Creating him cardinal, Leo XIII ' appointed him also Patriarch of Venice, but he did not leave Mantua until a vear later, owing to conflict between the Italian government and | the Holy See, over the right of the House of Savoy to be consulted be- fore the appointment of a patriarch, the government having inherited the rights of the republic of Venice. The dispute was cut short by King Hum- { bert also appointing Cardinal Sarto {as patriarch of Venice. Relations Most Cordial. The patriarch’s relations with the House of Savoy were always most cordial. Every time that their maj- esties or the princes visited Venice he paid them a visit and presented his homage. He was one of Queen Margherita’s confessors, and only a few months before the death of Leo XIII he was next the Count of Turin in public, when he (the patri- arch) blessed the foundation stone of the new Campanile in Piazza San Marco. He was the candidate of Leo XIII as his successor, but he so lit- tle realized the future that when he left Venice in July, 1903, for the conclave in Rome, he bought a re- turn ticket. In the conclave the struggle was Rampolla, Leo XIII’s secretary of state, whose chances were lost when Cardinal Puzyna pronounced the veto of Aus- tria against him, which veto was supposed to represent the triple al- liance. Then, needing a ‘‘compro- mise” Pope, all eyes turned to Car- dinal Sarto, who at first refused, but was afterward induced to accept the high position, being elected almost.| unanimously on August 4, assuming the title of Pope Pius X, Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ, Suc- cessor of St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles; Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy; Archbishop | and Metropolitan of the Roman Prov- ince and Sovereign of the Temporal Dominions of the Holy Roman Church. Pope Was Modest. The pontificate of Pope Pius X was characterized by that spirit of mod- esty which never abandoned him and y that strong religious feeling which ade him choose as motto, “To re- tore everything to Christ.” The day after his coronation he was asked to give orders for his private apartment in the Vatican, and while he urged the then young Monsignor Merry del Val, his pro-secretary of state, to -oc- cupy the gorgeous Borgia apargment, he himself chose four small rooms in the low-ceilinged suite above the the accept- | necessary | |\Who’s Who in Europe’s War King Peter of Servia, the country ccived at any of the courts in Europe. to visit the King of United Italy in his capital, was the first, with the exception of Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, since 1870, to’go as guest to the Quirinal. This, however, was not only caused by the feeling towards Italy but much more by the state of religious war with France, which was the most remarkable event in the last pontifi- cate, and of which many have at- tributed the responsibility to Pius X., while the hostilities had already be- gun under Leo XIIL France found imitators in Spain, which passed in parliament bills against Religious Congregations and the Clergy, leading to the recall of the Spanish ambassador to the Holy See; and in Portugal, where the re- public proclaimed on October 5, 1910, brought about a complete separation between church and state, the . exs pulsion of the Religious Congrega: tions and the confiscation of their properties. While such serious crises were tak- ing place between the Vatican and some of the Latin countries, which had been known in history as the most faithful to the Holy See, the re- lations with Italy, while maintaining state department of the pontiff, which under Leo XIII. had been occupied by his private secretary Mgr, Angeli. Pius X desired to give himself up entirely to his work. In so doing he did not spare any fatigue, giving au- diences, admitting people to large re- ceptions, celebrating masses, preach- ing and giving communion, reached such a' point of exhaustion that while in the exercise of his priestly func- tion in the Pauline chapel, crowded with people, he fainted, and thus started that report which pursued him ever after—that he was liable to fainting fits, which was quite untrue, ag that was the only occasion on which he suffered in that way, and it was entirely due to the heat and the vitiated air of the chapel. Isolation Attempted. That was the first opportunity for the officials of the Vatican to step in, and on the pretext of protecting the Pope's health, attempt gradually to isolate him from the world. However, they were not always successful. One of the yearly American Pllgrimages had left the United States at the beginning of July, 1903. On their way to Europe Leo XIIIL, who should have received them, died, so that they were in Rome during the con- clave, and the day on which Plus X,, was elected and descended into St. Peter’s to ‘give his benediction they were in the Basilica, with two Amer- ican flags waving above the immense crowd assembled there and joining hurrahs to the cheering which greeted the venerable figure. Some days af- ter the same American pilgrimage was in the Vatican gardens when sud- denly, the work of tne officials having already begun, they were ordered away as the Pope was seen approach- ing. With true American determina- tion they objected that they did not want to leave. Pius X., who under- stood something of what was going on, inquired, and Cardinal Gibbons, who was among those who accom- panied them, explained that it was a pilgrimage of his countrymen who de- sired to pay homage to the Holy Father. They had asked for an au- dience and were waiting for the ap- pointed day. The pontiff immediately said there was no necessity to wait, and he would receive the Americans at once in the adjoining Museum La- pidarium. Thus Pius X. received the first pilgrimage of his pontificate, held in his hands and blessed the two American flags which are still pre- served, one in Rome and one in New York. Pius X. did not intend to change the substance of the policy which his two predecessors had followed to- wards Italy. His protests against the loss of the Temporal Power, how- ever, lost the vehemence and bitter- in the outside form the usual char- acter of hostility were in substance much more cordial. Many Religious Services. It would take long to enumerate all the reforms of a religious character initiated by Pius X., such as that of restoring the Gregorian chants, of preaching every Sunday from a text from the Bible, himself giving the good example by having as long as his strength allowed him, the faith- ful of the different parishes of Rome gathering in the Courtyard of San Damase to hear him explain the Gospel story, and carry- ing out one after the other as Pope the same ideas and principles which he had confessed and advocated as bishop and patriarch. One of his un- dertakings will leave an important mark in the history of the papacy— the codification of ecclesiastic law. He entrusted the work to. an illus- trious scholar in canon law, Mgr. Pietro Gasparri, on whom he con- ferred the red hat in December, 1907. Another epoch-making task was that of the revision of the Vulgate, which he confided to Father Francis Aidan Gasquet, abbot-president of the Eng- lish Benedictine Congregatic, so well kfiown as a learned historidn. Against Modernists. Pius X was determined to restore the most iron discipline among the clergy, and this led to an unrelenting campaign against that section of ec- clesiastics who professed unorthodox opinions and were called modernists. The encyclical promulgated on Sep- tember 8, 1907, condemned the mod- ernists and their doctrines. Following this several leaders of the modernist movement were ex- communicated in Italy, England and Germany. The Pope displayed even greater energy on November 18, 1907, when he reaffirmed the necessity of combating by every possible means the spirit of rebellion, and ordered the bishops to watch and if necessary to dismiss the professor infected with the condemned doctrines and to pre- vent from taking orders those stu- dents who were suspected of sympa- thising with the movement. New rebellions broke out, and Pius X went further in the struggle with a new encyclical, in May, 1909, and more so by imposing the anti-modern- ist oath on all ecclesiastics. The pontiff roused a storm of op- position to himself entirely unex- Protestants in general and those of the German reformation in particu- lar, on the occasion of the centennial of St. Charles Borromeo. Another - Reform. Another very important reform due ness which formerly characterized them. ( Protested Loubet’s Visit, The strongest of his protests on this subject was when President Loubet, disregarding the prohibition to all Catholic rulers and heads of states to Pius X is that of the Roman Curia, which was still ruled by the Bull of Sixtus V of January, 1585. With this he reformed the offices, the ecclesi- astical courts and the Roman congre- gations, withdrawing America, Can- ada, Newfoundland, Great Britain, came king by the murdér of King Alexander and Queen Draga. was 50 much mystery attached to this murder that he has not been re- pected by his encyclical against the | t1y | Photo by American Press Association, KING PETER OF SERV! which is at war with Austria, be- There Holland and Luxembourg from the jurisdiction of propaganda fide, re- moving them therefore from among the missionary countries and putting them, together with the rest of the Catholic. world, under the consistorial congregation. To Americans Pius X was especial- interesting. His great friendship for this country, his frequent aud- iences to Americans, both Catholic and non-Catholic and his interest in American affairs kept him in closer touch with this side of the Atlantic than perhaps any pontiff that has preceded him. He was an ardent ad- mirer of Theodore Roosevelt, and had the ex-president’s writings translated for reading, yet, as will be recalled, events occurring at the time of Mr. Roosevelt’s visit to Rome led to the cancellation of his visit to the Vati- can. Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks had a somewhat simi- lar experience, and the incident creat- ed widespread interest in this coun- try and in Europe at the same time. Fatber Wernz Dead. London, Aug. 20.—A despatch to the Exchange Telegraph Co., from Rome, says that Father Francis Xavier Wernz died today in Rome al- most simultaneously with Pope Pius. A requiem for Pope Pius was held in Westminster cathedral, Cardinal Bourne officiating. It has been sug- gested in ome quarter that the con- clave for the election of a new pope may be adjourned. The reaon is taht under the present circumstances it might be distasteful for the British, French and Belgian cardinals to meet with their Austrian and German col- leagues. At Westminster cathedral, however, is was thought that a postponement of the conclave was most unlikely. Cardinal Bourne’s secretary, in this connection said: *“We are, first of all, Catholics rather than nationals. The presence of a Pope is now more than ever necessary. Cardinal Bourne |is starting next Saturday to attend the conclave.” Monsignor Bonzano Notified, Washington, Aug. 20.—The official | announcement of the Vatican of the | death of Pope Pius X was received | by the apostolic delegate, Monsignor ! Bonzano at 7:30 this morning, at the | moment he was celebrating mass in the chapel of the delegation. It came from Cardinal Merry del Val, papal secretary of state, w dated at Rome 1:44 this morning and sajd “Holy father dangerously night.” Prior to this, at 1 o'clock this morn- Monsignor Bonzano received a itch from Cardinal del Val, dated at Rome at 10:18 last night, telling of the critical condition of the Pope at follows ther dangerously fll ince this morning. He may die at any mo-w* ill since | ment.” These were the only official com- munications received The announcement came as A found shock to the delegate members of his staff, while not tirely unexpected, in view of the warning of Gardinal Del Val. Mon- =ignor Bonzano remained in strict se- clusion and asked to be excused from making any comment beyond the ex- pression of his deep grief There will be a period of mourning and probably a memorial ceremony at a later date, at which the apostolic delegate will officiate pro- and en- e Signs of the Time Electric Signs are the signs of today—and tonight too. 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