The Key West Citizen Newspaper, March 20, 1953, Page 4

Page 4 THE KEY WEST CITIZEN Friday, Merch 20, 1953 Published daily (except Sunday) by i. P. Artman, owner and pub- lisher, trom The Citizen Building, corner of Greene and Ann Streets Only Daily Newspaper in Key West and Monroe County 4. P. ARTMAN Publisher MORMAN D. ARTMAN Business Manager - Entered at Key West, Florida, as Second Class Matter TELEPHONES 2-5661 and 2-5662 Member of The Associated Press—The Aszociated Press is exclusively entitled to use for reproduction of all news dispatches credited to it @@ not otherwise credited im this paper, and also the local news published here. |). Member Florida Press Association and Associate Dailies of Florida TSS ETS SENS SS A ALD AE, RII LI Subscription (by carrier) 25¢ per week, year $12; By Mail $15.60 —$—$ $$ $$$ ADVERTISED RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION The Citizen is an open forum and invites discussion of public igsue and subjects of local or general interest, but it will mot publish anonymous communications. ee BOHLEN ON YALTA PACT Charles E. Bohlen, when questioned by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee recently as President Dwight D. Eisenhower's nominee as Ambassador to Russia, gave some straight and enlightening answers on the Yalta Pact. \ Though heard in secrecy, which was protested by some | members of the committee, some of his testimony on the| controversial meeting at Yalta has been reconstructed. Knowing that the popular mood is to condemn the! Yalta agreement, as reached by the late President Frank- lin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, as a betrayal of this country’s ideals, Bohlen resisted the temptation to jump on the bandwagon and gave his honest views in spite of the fact that they were sure to contradict some of the campaign oratory of 1952. Mr. Bohlen is the only living American who knows what Roosevelt said to Stalin at Yalta, since he was the official translator, President Eisenhower has a high regard for the abil- ities of Bohlen and he is generally credited as one of the two Americans who understand conditions in Russia best. In brief, he outlined the following views on the Yalta a- greement: (1) The major failure of the agreement is that the Soviet Union failed to live up to pledges made in the agreement, and not that the agreements themselves failed to provide provisions for democratic government in aréas completely communized by the Russians. (2) Russia, at the time, occupied some of the areas involved, thus making an agreement on democratic el¢c- tions and processes, in them, the only possible U. S. course to pursue. (8) At the time, President Roosevelt made conces- sions in the northern Japanese islands and Manchuria, to Stalin, the late President was trying to speed up the end of the war and thought he would save 200,000 or 300,000 American lives by getting Russia to entér the war. (4) There was no betrayal or intended betrayal in the Pact. Not denying that widespread subjugation of peoples followed the Yalta Pact, Bohlen nevertheless denied that the Yalta agreement, or any interpretation of it, is to blame for what has happened since. Hé believes the Rus- sians alone, and their refusal to carry out the agreement, are responsible for the failure of thé Yalta Pact to achieve aims which President Roosevelt hoped it might. Bohlen said he found it hard to believe that the Yalte Agreements were so favorable to Russia, as often contend- ed, since the Russians have found it in their interest to vio- late them openly and continuously. Such testimony is re- freshing in times when this side of the argument is seldom heard. It is regrettable that the Foreign Relations Com- mittee of the Senate saw fit to bar the press and make a secret of Bohlen’s testimony. As President Eisenhower's nominee to Russia, the American people weré certainly en- titled to hear his views on an issue as controversiz] as the Yalta Pact, Personally, we are tired of being polite to intoxicated vrethern, One of the strange things in life is the number of poor people who worry about what happens to millionaires. With Characteristic Tenacity RPRRI Ss EFFECT OF NATIONALIZATION OF OIL Predicted Changes Did Not Occur In Iran Iran is a country that used to be known as Persia. It is con- trolled by crusty old Premier Mo- hammed Mossadegh, and coveted by many a Communist eye. It’s a land of rugs—and of things that are seldom what they seem. Wil- liam L. Ryan, just back from an extensive tour of the area, inter- préts the Iranian situation against his knowledge of the Communist world offensive. By WILLIAM L. RYAN (® Foreign News Analyst Almost everybody in Iran is astonished. Two yéars ago, Iran nationalized her oil. There were dire predic- tions that this would lead to national bankruptcy, that the Com- munists would soon move in and take over, that the Western world Sold sexely malas’ the. pee, (Be ou. None of these things happened, and everybody is astonished: Those who forced the: nationali- zation are astonished that they did not win the quick victory: ‘they expected. All hands are astonished that Iran did not totter into »bank- ruptey but continued on with rela- tively little shock to her economy. ‘The Western world was surprised to learn it could get elong without Iranian oil. The Middle East was Poe that the Communists no more than they did. The Iranian situation is still full of danger. Much of the danger lies in the ity that Iran’s oil crisis m be nearing a settle- ment. Any such development which might have the effect of relieving tensions between Iran and the West would hardly be tak- en lying down by the Soviet Union and its satellite Tudeh (Commu- nist) party in Iran. Part of the incredible strength of Premier Mohammed Mossa- degh, the sobbing, emotional — but strangely forceful—leader of the Netional Front government, lies in the oi) crisis. It has given Iran an outside evtemy — the British—as a unifying force which keeps the government together and retains its broad mass 5 rt. Paradoxically enough, the Com-| munist party itself is a source of strength for Mossadegh. The Red menace is a bludgeon with which | to threaten the West, always fear-! ful this immensely strategically | important country might fall with- in Communist domination. But Iran is tull of paradoxes, not the least of which is this: A weak, doddéring old man is the country’s pillar of strength. On the stooped shoulders of the weeping Mossadegh rest the power and re- sponsibility to keep communism | from engineéring a situation where the country will be ripé for the | Also paradoxically, settlement of jthe oil crisis might bring the country more evil than good. j If the Iranian government should | win its case before the Rome court | on the case of the 5,000 tons of oil | on the tanker Miriella, it could stand off the British indefinitely in | the Iranian dispute. If Iran | broke ice and was able to sell ® relatively small portion of her crude of, the amount realized in| foreign exchange would cover her National Iranian Of Company defi- elt and a bit moré ' gg ings og es ablyy A joi, that might ence sgein jealy to scredgiben the gig feddel j system. By gelling just a little | jlran can keep ot ber feet and! st! have the od situation as the handy whipping bor to beep the | gerernment in contrei. Despite propaganda to the con- trary, Iran is not ‘“‘on the verge; of bankruptcy.” The loss of the oil revenues did have the effect of cutting Iranian imports and halting needed economic develop- ment, but in general only a small section—a very small section—of the nation’s 20 miliion people was directly affected. The economy of the country is | not nearly so shaky as it has been pictured. Iran cannot be compared | to any Western country. About 80 per cent of the population is agri- | cultural. The people have a tradi- tion of fatalism. They follow the leader, whoever happens to be in} power. A great majority never had | anything but their teakettles and the clothes on their backs. Taeir mainstays of diet are tea, sugar and bread. , a | For this vast section of the popu- lation, bankruptcy is a meaning- less term and the oil situation Means next to nothing. To them the only important thing is the crop, and there has been a suc- cession of good crop years. Iran’s imports have fallen off 50 per cent since the oil crisis. The oil revenues had paid for such imports. But Iran in the past year exported 60,000 tons of rice, 20,000 tons of coiton and quantities of such goods as dried fruits, nuts, dates, and animal fats. Thus, oil has simply been the icing on the economic cake. It kept the big shots in the cities rich and city economiés, but it had ally no effect in the villages. The oil crisis has affected the 1,000 men—a pyramid of power— among whom the control of Iran passes back and forth. Mossadegh has attempted to broaden the base of this pyramid and seems the only | leader available now who can ap- peal to mass sehtiment. At the same time he has many) speaker of the Majlis (parliament), the ambitious and unscrupulous Ayatullah Kashani, and far from | the least, the Communists. Three President of the United | States died on July 4 -- John Adams, Jefferson and Monroe. Teachers Of The Future Elect Leaders Tallahassee, Fla. — State offi- cers of Future Teachers of Am- erica were elected at the first | state-wide PTA meeting recently at Florida State University. High school and college students each elected their own officers. High school students elected the following state officers: Georgia Lou Bevel, Panama City, presi- dent; Mary Ann Fisher, Live Oak, vice-president; Beverly Odom, w, cording secretary; Bobby Sue Lu- cas, Panama City, corresponding secretary. Joan Nicholas, St. Petersburg, treasurer; Betty Henderson, St. Petersburg, historian, and Adri- anne Gibbs, Live Oak, parliamen- tarian. College PTA members elected the following state officers: Al- bert Edgemon, Plant City, presi- dent, University of Florida; Mar- garet Ann Nash, Miami, first vice president, Florida State Uni- versity; Katherine Ann Siegler, Baltimore, recording secretary, Rollins College; Joan Fimbel, St. | Petersburgh, corresponding sec- retary, University of Florida, and Jean Benecassia, St. Petersburg, treasurer, St. Petersburg Junior | College. Other state PTA second vice-president, historian and editor of the quarterly news letter will be elected at the Flori- dn Education Association meet- ing at Tampa Friday, March 20. The instrument which is be- lieved to have. received the his- toric telegraph message, “What Hath God wroght,” in the early testing of the telegraphic method of communication, is a museum piece at Cornell University, “|so que juzg6 a Jesus. NOTAS CUBANAS Por RAOUL ALPIZAR POYO LA SEMANA MAYOR Estamos muy cerca de esa Se- mana Mayor o Semana Santa, en que los fieles catélicos parece que recobran la perdida fé y acuden al templo a doblar la rodilla an- te el Cristo Crucificado ,en sefial de respeto hacia aquel que, se- gun los sagrados textos, murid elavado en una Cruz, por tratar de redimir a la humanidad. Fué Jesus el prototipo del anor y de las virtudes humanas. Su vida, a juzgar por sus bidgrafos, | gi fué una consagracién constante al bien de los demas hombres. Vino al mundo en una era de paganismo, en que los vicios y el libertinaje envolvian con los va- pores del alcohol y el erotismo, a una gran parte del mundo. Con sus doctrinas de amor, traté de unir a los hombres y de hacerlos buenos y obtuvo por ello, perse- cusiones y martirios, hasta morir inmolado, junto a dos ladrones. | Cristo, simbélicamente, reune en si todas las virtudes que pueden adornar al género huma- no. Aceptandole como hombre y no como deidad, hay que reco- nocer en su vida, tan extraordi- narias dotes de bondad, que aun viendo en el solamente al hom- bre, hay que admirarle y reve-; renciarle. Fué la piedad para Jesus una | de las mayores virtudes. Am6 aj todos los hombres y sin descen- der al falso mito de los milagros, sus ejemplos antes, como ahora, son dignos de ser imitados. Pocas lecturas hay tan pletori- cas de belez , como la que nos‘ describe la detencion y el proce- Su paso por la calle de la Amar- gura, cuando entre la multitud que le observaba, surje aquel bueno de Simén Cirineo y acer- candose al Redentor, le ayuda a cargar el pesado madero, donde mas tarde habia de ser crucifi- cado. Jesis, sereno y tranquilo ante los malvados que le juzgaban, sin defenderse, esperando la sen- tencia, mientras las multitudes le insultaban y en frases agresivas pedian que Yuera condenado. Y aquel mirerable de Poncio Pila- tos, dictando su laudo, y lavan- dose despues las manos, como si con ello hubiese podido limpiar. |su conciencia de aque! fallo tan injusto. Cuanta belleza y poesia hay en aquella dulce mujer de Sa- maria, que acerca a los labios sedientos del condenado su can-| taro de agua fresca, calmando en aquella boca la abrasadora sed que le consumia, camino del Cal- | vario. Despues, otra piadosa mujer nombrada Verdénica, que limpia el sudor que copiosamente des- cendida por la frente pensativa reian y hacian mofa de la santa resignacién del condenado. “Y ya en el empinado Calvario, aquel bondadoso Redentor fué clavado en la Cruz, mientras un malvado centurién enterraba su | lanza en el costado de aquel justo |¥ otro respondia a la solicitud de | y cada aio, en todos los templos, se repiten las mismas escenas, que son a manera de ensefhanza para los descreides y de ejemplos a seguir, por Ics que cretinos o ignorantes, solo ven en la bel- leza extraordinaria de esos actos, lo que en ellos pudiera haber de fantastico, ignorando ,por com- pleto el hermoso simbolismo de cada estacién recorrida y de cada paso que diera Jesis, a traves de aquella calle llamada de la Amar- ura. La Semana Mayor es en todo el mundo, una semana de recogi- miento y de silencio respetuoso. Ain Is no catélicos, observan las ceremonias que esa Semana San- ta tienen lugar, y tratan de en- contrar en ellos, algo’ quo aleje un poco al hombre de la tierra, con todas sus maldades y vicios, para elevarlo un tanto hacia otras regiones, donde acaso si*ha de encontrar la serena paz, que aqui nos va faltando mas y mas y cada dia. No es fanatismo lo que lleva a la humanidad en esa Semana a rendirle el tributo y el homenaje de su respeto y devocién cruci- ficado del Gélgota. Es el deseo que siente el hombre de encon- trar en alguna parte, la verdad | absoluta de la existencia, la razon de ser del bien y del mal y hallar tal vez en alguna de esas piadosas ceremonias, el secreto de los mis- terios que envuelven al hombre, desde la cuna hasta el sepuulcro La Iglesia cubriendo sus altares, guarda el luto por aquel excelso hombre que todo lo sacrificé en bien de los demas. Y el Sabado de Gloria, cuando a las diez de la mafiana, comien- zan a repicar las campanas y caen les velos de los altares y suena la misica de :rgano allé en el coro, parece que en todas las almas que lo observan hay tambien una hermosa resurrecién de ideales, como si del rosal que todas evamos en el coraz6n, surgieran fecundas y eternales, las siemprevivas de un nuevo Ideal. “Gloria Dios en las alturas y| | paz en la tierra a los hombres de buena voluntad,” nos dice el |preste oficiante, mientras entre los feligreses, cada madre que tiene alla en la cruenta lucha lejana, en tierras del Asia, brota un suspire, que corla al sacerdote, pidiendo al Creador, que devuel- va la paz a los hombres, que les haga amarse los unos a los otros, que terminen pare siempre las guerras que desangran y arrui-} nan el mundo, €n tanto que las cadenciosas notgs del érgano, en lo alto del coro, pone una delicada poesia en las almas, que acaso si en un instante suefian que en este mundo en que vivi- mos, cabemos todés y tenemos frutar de sus bienes, sin arrebatos, ni guerras, ni provocacionos peli- grosas, que rompen esa paz, de que tanto estamos todos tan ne- cesitados. Ojala que de la préxima Se- mana Santa, con sus bellas cere- monias,* surja la serenidad que agua de Jesiis, llevando a sus la-| necesita el mundo, para solucio- bios, una esponja empapada enjner pacificamente todos sus |hiel y vinagre ... ‘grandes problemas, sin que la | Todo ego recorriendo las esta-|sangre de los humanos se una a }ciones el dia de Jueves Santo|la derramada por Jesus. Porque por la tarde y el viernes siguien- | ya no existen Magdalenas, capa- te, lo van recordando les feli-jces ce enjugarla, sino que en jence ven, Conn., in jran was isity crew |depression, two ‘Wars, a she {and = | “wel, de Jess, mientras sus verdugos| todos el mismo derocho a dis-|then? I ried couples ¥ to ‘say T jooed tething greement. The 5 and came ot same pe “We men wearing the one said. “Women \that at all.” “rd fom officers, | | greses, que de rodillas, evocan | ‘aquella tragedia, de la cual el/ mundo entero guarda el recuerdo! vez de emplear e] negrisimo cabe- | llo, empleen la mortifera ame- tralladora. ‘The Robe’ Will By BOB THOMAS 1 HOLLYWOOD # -— This week ‘they were shooting the big scene of the biggest picture made here | in years, so I dropped on the set to | watch | The film is “The Robe,” which is getting the mostest of everything © It has the biggest sets, the largest east and the biggest headaches of ; any Hollywood film within mem- lory of press agents. The head-/| | aches are because it is the pioneer- | jing film of the new wide-screen Cipemascope process i The key scene in the picture! comes when the Roman soldiers gamble for Christ's robe after he has been crucified. It is reported in the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John that the soldiers cast lots for his clothing. John 19 says - His tunic was without 'seam, woven from top to bottom so they said to one another, ‘Let us not tear it, but cast lots for to see whose it shall be.’ ™ That was the passage that gave birth to “The Robe.” A woman wrote novelist Lloyd Douglas, won- | jdering what might have heppened © jto the holy garment. The question lintrigued Douglas. He started jsbort story om the subject. and it blossomed into the immensely pop- | clar povel Whee 1 arrived on the set, I found the camera set op before a realistic replica of the hil where Jevas died. In the beckgre wae a huge panorami: canvas dep ing the city of Jerussiem | et Made In Hollywood In Years iz Be Biggest Film On the top of the hill were three crosses. They were to be occupied ' government. by three unknown actors. Producer| “My wife gives me pis / Frank Ross insisted that they be!said one -henpecked Henry, “ unidentifiable py general audi-‘not diamond pin money.” ences poke gay were “Actually, the face of Jesus will ia design — never be seen in the film. eed Por rans 8 low ter reasoned that everyone has Ris) (3) “A drbag own idea of what Jesus jooked like. | with 2 silver Besides, the scenes would have to the lady bag be cut for England, which permits of ber no impersonation ef Christ on ad | (2). screens. (3). It was about time for the scene to start. Victor Mature, as 2 G cian slave, was to pick ap the robe | reverently and hand it to the boist- erous soldiers. A few dozen extras dressed as Holy Land natives | watched silently. First the assist- ant director warned them: j “Put away all modern jeweiry, | eyeglesses, cigareties, pipes, news- papers and chewing gum.” Then the scene began CIVIL DEFENSE PROJECT ww of volunteer workers will partici- posal. pate in Air Force Filter Center| “Ht they give te spotting of “enemy” planes March wives they ought to in North Carolina, G - | year busbends, to6.” Tennessee and Florida, the (“The weer end tear ip of Director for Civil Defense said | both perties. bere | “hud 1 knew th¢ 1 went The alert will be from 1 to" 4 om my medal, s mouse om & tread- >. Chil Air Patre! planes will | mili.” make sim tacks (© test Guess wq'd better drop ibe whole traning of the volunteer workers. idea apne Re