The Key West Citizen Newspaper, May 6, 1952, Page 8

FU c Design Of Martello Towers COLONIES) s Sal — Reply citer — (| Large coal resources are found hnson | in 28 of the United States. pect an answer | By WILLIAM L. RYAN Imported In 1794 From Italy By Frank W. Lovering In Key West, an historical writ- er has been unable to find the ori- | gin of the name, Martello, as ap- | plied to the East, and West Towers | or Civil War fortresses there, now | used for art exhibitions. The name was originally Mor- | tella and was taken) from Cape | Mortella in Corsica, where the first fortress of its kind was built, and in 1794 successfully resisted an English fleet. Through the year the word be- ¢ame Martello. When the War Be- | tween the States came, such towers were erected at several critical lo- eations along our coast, the archi- tecture copied from the British and improved upon by our military en- gineers. everything that went to make up a rail line then. The towers were supplementary fortresses fitted with heavy arma- ment, usually with one traversing gun mounted on the flat roof of the central section. The artillerymen were protected by a heavy parapet. On the Martello Towers which Eng- | land built, the ordinary guard was composed of six to 12 men. Hav- ling in time come to be considered a failure as ship and shore arma- | ment became more highly perfect- jed, many of the towers were | abandoned, but in the recent world wars some were rehabilitated and others were adapted to use of the |Coast Guard or the Revenue Ser- | vice. Admittance to such a design of The British had used them as | coastal fortifications against French invasion, especially along | the Kentish frontier. ‘The towers were intended to sup- plement forts of earlier types and ‘were equipped with guns and mor- tars sufficient in those days to throw shells far enough to hit wood- en ships some distance at sea. Martello Towers such as those in partial ruin at Key West, are in- variably somewhat circular in form with walls of great thickness. The East ‘ower where the Art Gallery is installed (or Tower No. 2) exposes heavy double walls of brick filled with broken stone and solid debris to a great thickness This was to make ineffectual pos- sible shell fire from ships at sea. The roofs were bombproof—in that faraway day and the struc- tures were two stories high with wonderfully vauited ceilings show- ing some of the most beautiful brickwork extant. History says the brick in the towers came from yards in Pensacola and were all hand made, as were the larger brick in Fort Taylor. The door and window sills and architraves are of granite from Conco-d, N. H. When the towers were built a railrond extended through the West (No. 1 tower) East of Casa Mari- na Ho‘el, to the second further up the shore. This is proven by pho- tostatic copies of the plans for the structures made for this writer from the original blueprints in Washington, Brick, cement, sand, rock and other mascary supplies; lumber and steel, were hauled on this rail road from a dock at the fort. When the stcam road was in operation Key Vest caildren had great fun on Sur ‘lays and holidays riding ca the litile cars through the first tow- er to the second, and back again This was a siort ra.tvoad but at the time its engines and cars and the crows that ran them, were as busy as any in the world. There Were switches and sidetracks and fortification is through a single door five feet wide and 11 feet high. |A circular area away leads all around inside the outer brick bas- | tion, and within the circle is a sec- |ond tower, also in general, cylin- | drical. Time nas long ago effaced |the covered passageway of brick |leading from the sallyport to the | inner section of East Martello, and the holes where the brick were morticed in by the masons of a century ago gape in the brilliant Key West sun, so one walks in | amazement across a grassy carpet where a footstep may by chance send a chameleon scurrying away or in another day, arouse a rat. ‘School Runs In Reverse MORGANTON, N. C. —().— | Here in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains the Jonas Ridge School has just ended its “sum- mer” vacation and started the new term. There are two reasons why they turn the clock around. The haz- ardous winter weather makes mountain traveling difficult for the children. The winter vacation also gives them a chance to make some money by picking galax, a wild plant whose big, tough |leaves are used for Christmas decorations. The school begins its |soon after spring starts, closes when winter arrives. The |125 students and four teachers | hold classes in a modern, stone } building and Chec! or small splits that sometimes appear in an old or weathered piece of plywood can be cleaned up with floor filler. Rub the material into the cracks with burlap or an old rag. Work ; across the grain. The result’ will be a smooth base for a new paint job. ARD L. STEWAR chief pett ration-pe iivision chief petty officer, and Barney S. Mitchel! 7 Chief Stew 6 Quonset Point, R work | AP Foreign News Analyst Five years ago this month Mat- jyas Rakosi stepped in and took over Hungary for his boss and idol, Joseph Stalin. Rakosi—his ex-prisoner Robert A. Vogeler calls him “Old Potato Head’’ because his. hairless and wrinkled dome looks like a washed potato—retains his grip over the country today. But there are too many Communists who are Com- |munists in name only. Rakosi is giving the party one of its most thoroughgoing purifications yet, under Moscow’s watchful eye. Hungary is less Sovietized than any of the other satellite coun- tries. But the signs are all there and its time for the full Russian takeover cannot be far away. The same forces which drive the Com- munists in the other satellites are at work in Hungary, and the great- est of these forces is fear. Exile sources express certainty that fear brings new waves of de- Portations now apparently under way in the captive countries, and the many acts of repression. On the one hand, the satellite leaders dread provoking Moscow’s dis- pleasure. On the other, they real- ize they are building up a flood of bitterness which some day may engulf them. The seeds of fear are bearing bitter fryit in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Po- land. Communist eyes Communist with secret misgivings. Distrust and supicion are everywhere. Purge follows purge. Terror is the cement which holds the structure together, Communist leaders have so |many pitfalls—not the least of them the capriciousness of Mos- | cow itself—that they cannot afford to take chances. That is why, in Hungary today, the party is be- ing purged again. Matyas Rakosi trusts nobody, but he distrusts some Communists much more than others. His engineer for the purge is his old-time lieutenant, Erno Gero. With Rakosi he was a member of the Communist International hiding in Moscow during the pre- war regime of Regent Adm. Hor- thy. Both were wanted for treason and dozens of charges of homicide. Under Gero’s direction recently, the Budapest Politburo began its | Screening of the million members !of the Communist Party. That is too large a number for safety. Many are suspected of nationalism. or “cosmopolitanism”--putting the interests of Hungary above those of the U. S. S. R. Fear of Hungarians causes the party and Moscow to face the Hun- | garian army with spies, It brought ‘a decree assigning armed guards ;to every merchant vessel plying the Hungarian part of the Danube. Fear is stepping up the discipli- jmary measures against workers n he sent a letter to Britain's yal family offering condolences on King George's death. In his letter, Mike said he was shocked to hear of the Monarch’: passing, and d, “I felt as though he was our King too.” Well, Mike got an answer r¢- 3130 Ovuvar Sr ANYTHING CONCERNING AUTOMOBILES SEE THE TWINS Pe. 1870-4878 ed at Gulf-Porter Saturday afternoon to fill up with bunker oil ers and visiting yachts. and peasants. Any construction | gan last May. In the cities, fami- worker who quits a military proj- | lies were moved out to make Buda- ect without permissions is sent | pest a ‘workers’ city” and make ~~ gran rita As a bra? ee |room for Communist officials, So- ants, “voluntary” collectivization = A ee Set tere Eaey Position of taxes so heavy the in- | dependent farmer can’t pay. His land is then confiscated and he is forced into the collective. It was fear of the ‘‘strong” man | who might turn independent—like | Tito—which caused the Commu- nists of Hungary to execute Laszlo | Rajk, one-time power in Hungarian Communsim and former interior minister. It was fear of the strength of Roman Catholicism which caused viet occupiers workers. “The general mood in Hungary among the people,’ says former Premier Nagy, “is one of depres- sion, because they see less and less hope for the future.” Plywood paneling can be fin- ished to match any decorative scheme. The big panels work easily and permit a variety of joint treatments v-grooved, THE PERRYVILLE, owned by Socony-Vacuum Company, turned around in the harbor and dock- La Cruz, Venezuela. Out of Boston, the big ship dwarfed the usual Key West civilian craft, shrimp- Citizen Staff Photo | enroute to her destination, Porta | SellsLand KINGSWEAR, England (#—The duke of Cornwall has completed his first land deal — the sale of five acres near this tiny village | ior a children’s play park. The duke is bettern known as Prince Charles, three - year - old son of | Queen Elizabeth II. The young prince automatically | ipherited the royal duchy with its thousands of acres of land on be- | coming heir to Britain’s throne in | February, when his mother be- | came queen. | The deal was a bargain for the | Kingswear Parish Council. It paid | open or covered with decorative the Hungarian Communists to im- moldings. prison Cardinal Mindszenty and other religious leaders. Among the blessings of Bolshev- ism is this: Hungary is a produc- ing land where there has always been a food surplus. Today there is not enough to feed the popula- tion. Ferenc Nagy, the Smallholder Party leader and former Premier who fled his country just before the 1947 coup, reports: “According to recent information, a new wave of deportations is in the making now, but they are trying to do it less conspicuously than last year.” His report is supported by the National Committee for a Free Europe, which tells of five succes- sive waves of deportations in hun- gary from wartime to the present. The fifth wave, says the commit- tee, is underway now. Many thousands were deported in the latest operation, which be- le RI i ce ant Poy» |‘ 601 DUVAL ST. pounds ($14) for the plot. COMPARE THEM ALL.. -and youll huy a Dodge! ‘Pulls named deals in facts gires you prool. noney-saver! C the duke’s representative five | 1 th f..not self’ f let. 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