Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, March 18, 1899, Page 3

— | { ge ne THE LEGISLATURE Business Transacted by Minnesota Solons. St. Paul, March 6. — Senator Du Toit of Carver county introduced a Dill to piace the clerk of the supreme court on a salary of $2,400 a year, and requiring that all fees collected in his -oftice be turned over to the state treas- ury. The following bills were passed: Relating to the compensation and duties of village recorders. — Relating te the vacation of streets, alleys, pub- lie grounds, ete. — To amend the laws relating to tax levy rate per cent for state, county and other purposes, raises schoo! levy rate per cent from 9 to 12. — Apprepriating money for the erection of a monument in commem- oration of the victims of the “Great Hinckley Fire.” — To amend the laws equipment companies. — To require all railroad companies owning — rail- roads in this state of less than 4 feet 81-2 inches gauge to adopt such gauge within such reasonable time as may be fixed by the railroad and ware- house commission. — Providing for the organization of unorganized counties in the State of Minnesota, and relating to the organization of school districts therein. The following bills were introduced To amend the banking laws relat- ing to building and savings associa- tions. — To amend the laws relating to the manufacture of baking powder. To prohibit the use of gill nets 1D inland lake <cept two months in the year. — Relating to insurance com- panies. — To amend the probate code. — To amend the laws governing so cieties that have sick funds or casual- ty benefit To amend the laws au- thorizing railroad companies to lease, control or combine their business. — to provide for the expenses of elec- tion districts. To authorize the state iuditor to bid in the assets of the State bank and the American Exchange Rank of Minneapolis, and’ to dispose of the same. The Heuse. fhe house held. two long sessions saiurday, but did not succeed in get- y into committee of the whole at all, and only disposed of twelve of the ninereen bills on the calendar, Five or six bills were passed under sus: pension of the rules, but the time v lost in the debate that arose over a couple of bills on the ¢ e following bills lating to the org: ‘Yo authorize members of the legt lature to administer oaths and take acknowledgr without fee or re- rd. Le ng and validating cer- tain ¢ n proceedings of banks. — Autho: ng counties to purchase land fe zricultural fair purposes. Re- quiring bonds given in actions in courts of record in excess of $300 to be recorded and making such record prima facie evidence. — Authorizing counties to issue bonds prior to July 1, 1899, to fund floating indebtedness existing on Jan. 1, 1899. — Providing that the notice of attachment to en- force a laborer’s lien upon logs and lumber may be filed in the county in which the labor is done, instead of in the office of the surv r genevil of logs and lumber for the district. — In- creasing to $35,000 the appropriation to secure a better condition of rural schools, Allowing the state trea urer to give surety bond and appr priating $400 annaually for the same. ‘To protect the publie health by reg- ulating the use of a sed, decaying or unwholesome ani matter. — To provide for the collection of taxes upon timber and mineral lands. — Ap- propriating $10,000 to forcement of the claims of the te to tain lands which are in disput ‘ollowing bills were introduced: rs of bot- y on the en- The ‘or the protection of owne — To create a commission to set- tle claims of the state against certain persons. — To authorize villag to te commissions to oper light and water works. — messenger companies from sendir minors to saloons or places of ith pute. — To provide for the better en- forcement of the liability of stockhold- ers. — To provide for a division of property in cases of the separation of a village from the township in which it is located. — Requiring motormen to be duly qualified and licensed. — Relating to the tax on inheritances. — To provide for the erection of a monu- ment to the-Fourth Minnesota on the ‘new capitol grounds. — To transfer the ets of the reform school funds to the state treasury and appropriate money to pay outstanding loan cer- titicates. St. Paul, March 7. — After clearing up the calendar the house worked in committee of the whole all day long. There were no committee reports and only four bills introduced. Final ac- tion was taken on but two-Dills. Sen- ator Collie bill providing that the summer meeting of the county com. n shall begin on the third Monday in June, instead of the second Monday in July, was finally killed. The remainder of the time was given over to Mr. Dwinnell’s proposition to se the salary of the supreme court reporter from $2,000 to $3,500. ras finally determined to make the $3,000, an amendment to that effect being accepted. In that form the bill was recommended to pass. Senator Greer’s bill for the appoint- ment of a tax commission to revise the tax laws was recommended for in- definite postponement. The following bills were pa: Authorizing county commis: n i'ee oners to allow clerk hire not to exceed $500 to all jud, s of probate whose salary ,000. — Amending the law fixing the fees of notaries public so as to allow them but 50 cents for copies in protest cases. — Authorizing elective boards of library directors to fill va- ecancies that may arise. — Allowing the expenditure of road taxes and la- bor on cartways. — Relating to hail insurance. — Appropriating $2,000 an- nually for the salary of the second as- sistant attorney general. The following bills were introduced: To increase the facilities for the transfer of traffic and to provide for the freer transportation of cars over connecting lines. — Authorizing the holding of certain township elections within the limits of villages, and cer- tain township officers to be held by electors of the villages. — To repeal ' chapter 48, Laws of 1895, relating to roads. The Senate. The session of the senate yesterday afternoon, following adjournment ever Sunday, was devoted principally to picking up odds and ends and the introduction of bills. The committee on rules took advantage of the oppor- tunity to make a report, which was adopted, on matters submitted to it during the season, and several minor amendments were made to the senate rules of procedure. The following bills were introduced: To provide for a uniform form of af- fidavits. — To amend the laws of 1878” relating to cemeteries. — To amend the constitution relating to the taxa- tion of unused lands. — To authorize mutual insurance companies to or- ganize as stock companies. — To ap- propriate funds for the state reforma- tory. — To amend the laws relating to the stopping of passenger trains at county seats. — To amend the statutes of 1894 relating to powers of county commissioners. — To authorize boards of education to issue bonds to refund outstanding bonds. —To amend the Laws of 1897 relating to delinquent personal propérty taxes. — To amend the Statutes of 1894, relating to the discharge of mortgage records. — To amend the Statutes of 1894, relating to drainage of wet lands. — Proposing an amendment to the state constitution, so as to give the people of the staje authority to propose measures whic must be enacted by the legislature and referred back for the people to adopt or reject by popular vote. St. Paul, March 8.—The Somerville senate bill, requiring all foreign cor- porations to incorporate under the state laws, was repassed yesterday by the senate, and is now awaiting the signature of Goy. Lind to become a law. The house amendments were concurred in, but not without a fight. For the most part these were of minor importance, being directed more to- rd shaping the verbiage than for aught else. The amendment of great- est importance exempts from the ap- plication of the law agents of foreign banks. The bill also exempts the Du- luth shipping interests, manufacturers of canned goods and agricultural im- plements and fancy sto breeders. The foNowing bills were introduced: Relating to state aid to higher edu- cation. — Appropriating $2,500 for the erection of a monument in commem- oration of the victims of the Hinckley fire. — Relating to administration and bution of estates of intestates. — ing to the foreclosure of mort- gages, etc. — To provide for a custo- dian of public documents and supplies in the office of the secretary of state, ete. — Giving the board of county commissioners in all counties of the state having a population of 200,000 inhabitants or over, the exclusive con- trol of the expenditures of all moneys appropriated by such boards out of the general road and bridge fund. — Fixing the compensation of judges of probate and cierks of the probate court. — Relating to garnishment; ex- empts property in the hands of com- mon carriers for transportation, — Re- lating to proceedings at hearings of supervisors in the matter of laying out, altering and discontinuing roads. — To authorize the common council or other governing body otf municipalities to reduce and rebate assessments for local improvements in counties where the provisions of chapter 290 of the General Laws ef 1897, have been made applicable, The following bills were introduced: To amend the statutes relating to homestead holdings. — To amend the statutes relating to the establishment of model schools in normal schools. — To amend the statutes relating to the draining of shallow lakes. — To pro- vide for a uniform rate of taxation in all villages. — Relating to the preser- vation of the right of homestead claims. — To amend the laws relating to mutual fire insurance companies. — sfer to the state the special fund of 3 to redeem certain bank notes of | how out of existence, said fund being in the hands of the public examiner, — Relating to the bonds of county officers. The House, The question of the care of the in- sane wards of the State occupied prac- tically all of the house session yester- day. The Grondahl bill, providing for the adoption of the Wisconsin system of county care for chronic insane in a considerably modified form, and the Staples bill, looking to the erection of so-called district hospitals on the site already owned by the state at Anoka and a designated site to be purchased at Hastings, were set for consideration together. The discussion yesterday, which occupied about five hours, was entirely devoted to the former bil. The merits of the Staples bill were not once touched upon. The special order was continued until 11 o’clock to-day. 'To tra St. Paul, March 9. —By a majority that was simply crushing in its mag- nitude the house yesterday rejected the Grondahl bill providing for the care of the chronic insane by counties, and probably settled for all time to come the policy of the state in caring for the most unfortunate class of its wards. When the roll was called the bill received but 15 votes, while 91 members of the house recorded them- selves in the negativ The following bills were passed: Authorizing the holding of the elec- tions of townships in certain cases within the limits of certain villages, sind the holding of township offices by electors of the village. — Increasing the compensation of the supreme court reporter. — Restoring the annual ap- propriation of $20,000 for support of the soldiers’ home. — Providing for a boiler inspector for each congressional district. — Allowing townships to own property in incorporated villages for town hall purposes and to hold elec- tions therein. The following bills were introduced: 'To regulate bicycle riding outside the limits of cities and villages. — Re- lating to consolidation of railroads. — Prohibiting the diminution of the term of office or the salary of any public office during the term. — For the ap- pointment of a mine inspector. — To provide for the care and treatment of crippled and deformed children. — To prescribe the duties of the deputy state treasurer. The house spent a couple of hours in committee of the whole at the close of the afternoon session, Mr. Foss in the ehair, devoting all the time to the Snyder bill for the creation in the three large cities of a teachers’ retire- ment fund. The result was the de- feat of the bill by a vote of 52 to 44. The Sennte. The senate devoted most of its time yesterday to consideration of the measures relating to beet sugar boun- ty, insane hospitals and the propcsition to place state fee officers on a salary basis. The beet sugar industry received a severe setback by the passage of the Ratz bill to repeal the law, of 1895, under which a bounty of 1 cent a pound was offered for the manufac- ture of beet sugar, and again, in the slaughtering of the Knatvold bills of the present session which proposed the limitation of the bounty to $30,000 a year and its equal division between the manufacturer and the farmers that grow the beets. The insane hospital question was easily disposed of. The senate seems to have made up its mind to let the house take the initiative ‘n this mat- ter, ard yesterday afternoon when the several propositions of this nature that were made a special order for 2:3¢ o’clock in the afternoon was reached. the senate followed the lead of the house and postponed consideration of the measures until 2:30 o'clock ‘Thurs- day afternoon, March 16. ‘The proposition to put state fee offi- cers on a salary basis was under dis- c on most of the forenoon. It was decided to investigate the reports of fee officers’ earnings as recently made to the senate. St. Paul. March 10.—Senator Thomp- son of Fillmore county yesterday in- troduced a measure embodying the so-called “colony plan” of caring for the state’s insane, which is advocated by the superintendents and resident directers of the insane asylums of the state. The plan is proposed as a sub- stitute for the county plan, and, also, for the so-called district proposition, which has in view the establishment of two more comparatively large in- stitutions, ome at Anoka and the other at Hastings. The Thompson bill pro- vides for the construction of an equal number ef detached cottages on each of the three large insane asylum s at St. Peter, Rochester and Fergus Falls. The following bills were intreduced: noticelm entsdeaC ¢m cm em em cmw Relating to appeals from the decis- ion of county cominissioners in the matter of claims. — To prohibit the sale of prison-made goods without their being plainly marked. — To amend the statutes relating to the pay of coutity commissioners. — To amend the statutes so to give county com- missioners $3 a day compensation. -— To regulate the incorporation and management of building and loan and savings associations. The House. The house decided yesterday in com- mittee of the whole to report favor bly on the bill prepared by Adjt. Gen. Lambert providing for the payment of the national guardsmen who were accepted as volunteers by the general government, at Camp Ramsey during April and May of last year, at the rate provided by the military code of the state for national guardsmen in actu- al service, for the period between the order of the governor. mobilizing the guard and the muster of the three reg- iments. The following bills were introduced: To repeal chapter 4 Laws of 1897, relating to school bonds. — To amend section 27 and 48, chapter 22, Laws of 1893, as mended, defining a newspaper. — Relating to the taxation of insurance companies. — To appro- priate }00 for 1899 and $7,000 annu- ally thereafter for the use of the state ry and food commission in en? ing the laws relating to the adulte tion of foods. — To prevent the taking of fish from lakes within the limits of incorporated cities between Noy. 1 and March 1. — Relating to the composi- tion, duties and membership of the state agricultural society. — To amend the laws relating to game and fish. — To construct three cottages for the in- sane and to appropriate money there- for. St. Paul, March 11.—When the sen- ate was called to order yesterday fore- noon Senator Horten called up his con- current resolution «petitioning Presi- dent McKinley to recall from the Phil- ippines the Thirteenth Minnesota vol- unteer regiment, and it was adopted by a unanimous vote. Considerable-time was spent in com- mittee of the whole and a number of bills were acted upon. z The following bills were passed? To amend the laws relating to town elec- tions and powers of supervisors—To amend section 1050, Statutes of 1894, so as to alow a justice of the peace to hold his office in a different ward from that in which he is living; relates only to cities of between 2,000 and 15,000 population that are incorporated under the general statutes. The following bills were introduced: To amend the Statutes of 1894 relating to limitation of the time of, beginning actions—To prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated and unwhole- some dairy products. The House. Three bills designed to straighten out the taxation at Duluth were recom- mended to pass. A large number of other bills were acted-on in committee of the whole. None of them were of any great general interest. The following bills were introduced: To prevent fraud in the sale of dairy products — Directing the railroad and warehouse commission. to investigate the reasonableness 6f certain rates— To amend chapter 107, Laws of 1883, relating to trust companies—To amend chapter 318, Laws of 1897, creating a board.of state drainage commissioners —To amend section 5, chapter 1, Ses- sion Laws of 1878, relating to exemp- tions from taxation. The Pope Very Weak. London, March 12.—The Rome ecorre- respondent of the Chronicle says the pope continues to improve, but his physicians say he shows great weak- ness, which is rather alarming to his entourage. A tailor is sometimes able to mend everything but his ways. legal | , for the doors to be opened. WORK OF CONGRESS FARM AND? Washington, March 6.—Vice Presi- dent Hobart declared the senate of the Fifty-fiftth congress sndfourned with- out day at 12:08 Saturday, after a continuous session beginning at 11 o’ciock Friday, with the exception of a one-hour recess during the forenoon. The day of final adjournment broke with the senate in executive gession disposing of a large number of nom- inations. When the doors were opened there were seen but a handful of tired and haggard looking senators, who were waiting for the final reports from the conferees on the two bills yet in dispute. Finally Mr. Hale appeared with both. The deficiency Dill was quickly passed, and then came the final and closing fight on the naval bill and the price of armor plate and for an armor plate factory. This was finally over and the weary senators took a short recess. Upon reassembling the senate took on a new appearance. The chamber had been cleaned up and the senators came back to the closing meeting with a more spruce appearance. Some few attempts at legislation were made, but all were unsuccessful. Then the galleries filled with gaily dressed vis- itors who were there to see the final ceremonies. They were not long per- mitted to enjoy themselves as an exec- | utiye session drove them into the cor- ridors, where they patiently waited When this was done only five minutes re- mained of the congress, but the hands of the clock were turned back ten minutes to give time for the usual complimentary resolutions and the ad- dress of the vice president. President McKinley and his entire ‘eabinet had come to the capito] and were in the president’s room back of the senate chamber, where the various bills were hurried for signature. Final- ly the last big appropriation bill had received the president's signature and ‘ everything was ready for the close. | ings. There was no demonstration what- ever in the senate. There was general hand-shaking among the senators and many expressions of regret were heard that many senators, whose terms had expired, were not to be here when the scnate met again. The House. Wearily the house sat through the silent watches of the night recessing from time to time, while awaiting con- ference reports upon the appropriation bills. The final agreement on the river and harbor bill, containing the com- promise on the Nicaraguan canal, w: secured about 3:30 a. m.; the sundry civil, in which the house forced the senate to surrender the provision for the Pacific cable, about 6; the District of Columbia, with the provision for sectarian institutions eliminated, about 7 o’clock; the deficiency at 8:30 and the final conference report upon the naval bill about 9:30 a. m. The closing scenes in the house were of more than usual interest. After all the bills had been passed there fol- lowed the usual resolutions. That of- fered by Mr. Bailey, thanking Speak- er Reed, and the remarks of the mi- nority leader were of a character to lend a dramatic turn to the proceed- The action of the house and the speaker's reply aroused the house and spectators to enthusiasm. After ad- journment members and _ visitors joined in singing patriotic airs. CUBA WILL GET A CHANCE. | Military Rule to Givxe Way to Civil Government. Wasbington, March 12.—The admin- istration is contemplating a change in some features of the government of Cuba. It is probable that the military government to a certain extent will be replaced by a civil government. The head of the government must of course retain military, but the change in con- templation is to have civil officers in place of military men in the binet and cubordinate positions. It is be lieved that experts in different lines, such as finance and revenues, and the management of much of the general business of the island and of the dif- ferent municipalities will get along more smothly than the army officers. It is said that the officers, being brought up under strict military disci- pline, hold not only the statutes, but the army rules and regulations as the guide in all things, while the civilian officers would hold the statutes as the supreme guide and endeavor to get along under them-in the best manner possible and with more diplomacy than is possessed by the army men. Under the naval appropriation bill the bureau of equipment is authorized to expend $400,000 for coaling stations at different points where they may be- desired. The location’ of these stations is wholly in the discretion of the secre- tary of the navy, but he wili no doubt be guided by the recommendations of Rear Admiral Bradford, chief of the bureau of equipment. The admirat has not yet made any recommenda- tions, but it is known that he believes there should be some good maine de- pots at Manila and San Juan, Porto Jtico, also at Guam. Besides these he believes there should be a very large coaling depot in the vicinity of Shang- hai, China, to supply the United States vessels cruising in the North China sea and in Japanese waters. It is also probable that a coaling station and depot will be located somewhere on the Maine coast. There is no such station north of Cape Cod, and naval officers have reported the need of one above that point. Four Killed at Creede. Creede. Colo., March 12.—An explo- sion of several hundred pounds of powder occurred in tunnel No. 3 of the Commodore mine. The names of the dead so far found are Scotty Wilson, Frank Heas, John Sarner. It is cer- tain that one other was killed. Sev- eral were seriously injured. Gift to a Church. Harmony, Minn., March 12. — Mrs. Biuett, a noted philanthropist in this state, has satisfied a mortgage on the Catholic church at Canton. — She se- cured the mortgage and had the paper sent to Bishop Cotter at Winona. It was a gift of $1,400. South Dakota Appropriations. Pierre, 8. D., March 12.—The total appropriations of the late legislative session were $1,266,042, of which $399,- 292 was included in special bills and $867,650 in general appropriations, GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURISTS. SomeUp-to-Date Hints About Cul- tivation of the Soil and Yields Thereof—Horticulture, Viticulture and Floriculture. The Question of Soil Moisture. An Oklahoma Experiment Station report says: The heavy rainfall of 1898 had its influence on the farm crops. In gen- eral plants grew ranker and taller. Un- der similar conditions in plowed land the soil moisture was 1.5 per cent high- er for the whole year than in 1897. In ordinary prairie sod there was almost 2 per cent increase. The differences in soil moisture and yield of crops on plats under different treatment was not so marked as in a dryer season. Of eight plats plowed at different depths, one plowed four inches deep and one subsoiled to a depth of fifteen inches gave smallest yields. The subsoiled plat contained more moisture than any other of the eight. Two plats contain- ing 17.6 per cent of moisture during March were plowed similarly one week apart. The plats plowed April 4 con- tained 16.3 per cent during April; that April 11, 14.1 per cent. Stubble ground plewed about June 15 had 14.9 per cent of moisture July 15; while that not plowed had 10.9 per cent. Wheat stub- ble plowed July 28 had one-fourth more moisture on August 30 than stub- Ule not plowed. September 9 the stub- ble that was plowed July 28 had one- third more moisture than stubble plowed September 1. Rolling the soil in the spring did not increase the mois- ture in the surface foot. Bottom land planted in corn had more moisture in the surface during July and less dur- ing the first half of August than upland with the same crop. Oats sown March 14, at the depth of one and two inches came up several days sooner and 10 to 30 per cent bet- ter than when planted four to six inches deep. Planted March 25+there was but little difference in the num- ber that came up when planted one, two, four or six inches deep, but the deepest plantings came up slower. In- ian corn planted March 14 came up very poorly. None planted six inches ceep came up. Planted March 25 there was a fair stand at different depths. Planted March 28 one and two inches deep gave almost a perfect stand, while that planted four and six inches deep gave a poor stand. April 4 and 11 the best stand was secured from planting four inches deep. For later plantings corn came up better when planted one and two inches deep. In general it is best to plant shallow In moist soil and early in the season. In late planting and in dry soil a more satisfactory stand can be had and the corn will come up sooner if planted about four inches deep. Kafir corn is much more easily harmed by wet and cold weather than Indian corn and should be planted about a month later. Planted one or two inches deep it will come up better than if planted deeper. It may be counted a good stand if 50 to 75 per cent of the grains planted come up. Hardiness of Trees. From Farmers’ Review: The De. partment of Horticulture has for sev- eral years been co-operating with the division of forestry of the Department of Agriculture to test the hardiness of trees produced from seeds sent from various sections of the eountry, north and south, east and west. The seeds were planted in plats having the same soil and exposure and have been sub- jected to the same conditions. On March 7, 1898, notes were made on the effects of the winter upon the trees, and some striking facts were revealed. As a rule no injury was to be noted from the winter on trees grown from seed sent from states either north or west of this point. On the other hand, trees from seed sent in from points southeast of this were very generally injured from the coid. The injury varied with both the species of trees and the location. Black walnut show- ed the greatest injury of any species and was most affected when the seed had come from the southeastern coast region—Georgia and Alabama. This point, besides being of scientific inter- est im, showing the. decided effect of climate on the constitutionality of plants, has also a practical value for the tree planter. It shows that trees from seed grown at southeastern points must suffer moreor less when subject- ed to this climate, and suggests that young trees transplanted from the same regions would be even more seriously affected. Further experi- ments along the same line are in prog- ress under directian of the depart- ment. . Beavantion of Smut in Wheat. The Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station has, for several years past, conducted experiments in the preven- tion of the smuts in wheat. There are found on wheat in Ohio, loose smut and stinking smut. The loose smut is that noticeable at blossoming time, which destroys, usually, the entire head. It is, perhaps, more general, though usually much less destructive than the stinking smut, which converts the kernels of wheat into masses of dark brown, ill-smelling fungus spores, This station has been successful in preventing both of these smuts and recommends the following methods: For stinking smut in wheat.—In all the methods employed for stinking smut it is probably advisable to im- merse the grain first in cold water, with stirring, and to skim off the smut balls which will, in this manner, rise to the top of the water. After this is completed either of the following treat- ments may be employed: 1. Hot Water. Immerse this skim- med seed, contained in gunny bag or suitable wire mesh vessel, for ter mifn- utes in hot water, at a temperature of 133 gegrees Fahrenheit. Then dry on smut-free surface, cooling quickly by thoroughly stirring, or cold water may be employed to cool the grain. Re- member, these temperatures are to be determined by a thermometer; longer immersion than ten minutes, at that temperature, may injure the grain. 2. Bluestone, Copper Sulfate. Make a solution at the rate of one pound to’ five gallons of water; in this solution immerse the seed wheat, freed front the smut balls as before described, for ten minutes. Allow to stand ten min- utes in+sack to drain, then spread and dry with air-slaked lime, shoveling ov- er frequently. Or by sprinkling, use the above so- lution at the rate of one gallon to one bushel of grain in heap. Apply. by sprinkling-can at intervals of five or ten minutes; stir the whole so as to be uniformly wet; at the end, say, of one hour, shovel over and dry with lime, if desired. 3. Formalin. This may be used at the rate of one pound to fifty gallons of water and the seed treated by sprinkling or by immersion for thirty minutes. For loose smut of wheat.—Modified hot water treatment as follows: Soak the seed grain for four hours in cold water, let stand four hours more in the wet sacks; then immerse for five min- utes in hot water at a temperature of 133 degrees Fahrenheit; spread at once on a smut-free surface to dry, and sow. Use one-half more seed to replace that injured by the treatment. Frait Growing in Northern Michigan. At a farmers’ institute held recently at Gand Traverse, Mich., A. P. Gray gave his ideas upon “Fruit Growing in Northern Michigan.” He said he would not present his remarks as a lawyer does, from one side only, but would give both the advantages and disadvantages. Said he: “One ad- vantage we have in northern Michigan is that we have one hour more sun- light than Ohio and Indiana. Some of the disadvantages are the cold cli- mate, long winters and dry soil. Loca- tion is a great subject to be consider- ed. High ground is) important for fruit trees; the cold’ sinks into the valleys, and the heat from the valleys rises and keeps the trees from freez- ing. The years we lave had the least rain we have had the best fruit, and the grain those years was of the very best quality. It takes a long drouth to affect a tree. Fruit trees do not yield much real profit. under ten years of age. Slow growth; however, is our salvation, for when trees mature early they decay early. ‘The farther north fruit will mature, the better its qual- ity. Fruit growing is being pushed farther north each year. We are gaining in this respect.” Make Your Own Plant Cuttings. The cuttings of the plants to be usea in the flower garden should be rooted during the months of February or March. Geraniums made during these months should be covered with blooms during the summer months if they are given proper care.. Other plants that add greatly to the beauty of the garden, and which may be propagated by cuttings, are the Coleus, Iresine, Al- thermanthera and Centaura. These plants all root readily. from cuttings, they can be started in a:cutting box in the window, which should be as long and wide as desired,. for the limited space and about four or five inches deep. It should be filled with clean river sand. When the cuttings are first made they should be shaded during the heat of the day and. sprinkled several times a day until the-cuttings become thoroughly established. The sand should always be kept moist, but rever wet. Cuttings are often rooted in a deep plate filled with.moist sand. There are various contrivances used for root- ing cuttings, but in each case the root- ing medium is clean moist sand. Soil is apt to become soggy.—W.. H. Moore in Farmers’ Review. How to Kill the- Leaf’ Hopper. From rarmers’ Review: Leaf hop- per, Thrip and Erythroneura vitis are all different names. for one small in- sect, which is often. very numerous on grape vines during, summer. It is about an eighth of an inch long, of a light color, and marked. by three dark red bands. They fly from their position on thé under side of the leaves when the vines are shaken and soon light again. To combat them in the sum- mer when thein destructive work is noticeable is difficult. Now is the time. They may be found under the leaves near the vines. If the vineyard is cleaned of all litter and this promptly burned many will be destroyed. The insects remaining on the ground can be killed by a spray of coal oil emul- sion. American-Grown Chicory. — Ameri- can-grown ehicory has to contend against strong prejudice upon the part of ignorant foreigners who have be- come accustomed to a certain brand in the mother eountry, and insist upon having it here. There is also bitter opposition en the part of men who have established factories in this coun- try for finishing the root imported from Europe, in some instances from their own estates or farms. As far as quality is concerned the American root is fully equal to the imported article, and would win its Way upon its merits were it not for the two mentioned forces opposing it. The department feels confident that, were the opposi- tion overcome, the American market could be supplied with home-grown chicory, and the money which has been annually going abroad could be re- tained among our own people. It is gratifying in this connection that prog- ress is being made, and that American chicory is now seen upon the market in fair quantity Rural New Yorker, f] ar De TOS