Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, December 26, 1896, Page 2

| | | The Herald. BY E. C, KILEY. GRAND RAPIDS, - MINNESOTA This is tough! A trainer of prize- fighters has gone on the stage. The bottle-holder’s turn will come next. A inan is reported to have broken his leg by jumping into the Chicago river. Should have had better sense. The opinion is growing mvre general every day that Gen. Weyler couldn't even whip the Salvation army. Footbali is the beginning of scholar- ship, according to the center rush, who is now beginning to realize that he is a university student. Spain is about as willing to give home rule to Cuba as England is to grant Ireland the same sort of inde- pendence. UP ESE Sa A wealthy gentleman of Vienna stip- ulated in his will that an electric light toust be constantly burning in his tomb and another .nside his coffin for twelve rionths after his death. A Boston physician, with proclivities in the way of culture, proposes to sub- stitute the word “gasphyxia” in place of asphyxia. The new Greek innova- tion is not hkely to make anybody less careless. A Denver wurderer has pleaded guilty, and requested that he may be executed at once. That settles it, for the lewyers will undoubtedly prove him to be insane. Cuba and the Philippines are many thousand miles apart, but the result of Spanish despotism in both is the same. If Yankee filibusters are ‘to blame for the war in Cuba, who is at the bottom of the similar revolution on the other side of the earth? Steps are being taken by physicians to establish a medico musical mission in New York, to use the new treatment by music to alleviate nervous disor- ders. The hand organ may take a prominent place in the pharmacepcia some day. Uncle Sam, according to the report of the secretary of the interior, has given away 946,219,160 acres of land; but he is still “rich enough to give us all a farm.” The lands which yet remain in his possession amcunt to over 600,- 000,000 acres, not including Alaska, an area of 339,000,000 acres, England must pay the expenses of the Soudan expedition, the court of appeals at Alexandria nas decided. As she is not in Egypt for her health, this is equity. India should now take heart and insist that the home government meet the expenses of the Sikh expedi- tious to Africa. The fatel shooting of one editor by another in Mirsissippi shows that ed- iting newspapers with a revolver has not entirely ceased in the South. The Mississippi editors should study the New York city papers and learn how to fire paper bullets that sting without Killing. Li Hung Chang has decided not to give away important commercial con- cessions, the desire for which caused the nations which the Chinese viceroy visited to extend to him the most cor- dial hospitality. Well, Li had his en- joyments on his trip around the world, and he simply has confirmed the be- lief that he is a gay old deceiver. Maghbakia Ormanian, the patriarch- elect of the Armenians, is likely to prove a prominent figure in restoring peace to a sorely-disturbed country. He is for reconciliation, and he has summed up the situation very cleverly in one paragraph, viz.: “The Turks are the stones used for the building of the great edifice of the Turkish em- pire, of which the Armenians form the cement.” The Volunteers of America, as the Ballington Booth organization of salva- tionists calls itself, have promulgated a portion of their constitution, from which it appears that it is distinct in many respects from the Booth-Tucker concern. The third article provides that the new association shall always be an “American institution.” The otti- cers in supreme commend must be elected, instead of appointed by a cen- tral authority. Rochester, N. Y., experimented with ballot machines at the recent election. Two different patents were used, and although they proved vastly superior in many respects to the present system of voting, neither machine was free from an absolutely serious defect. The registering ‘mechanism in both ma- chine seemed to be at fault. This trou- ble is not to be regarded as irremedi- ble, since Rochester cast 1,500 defect- ively-marked ballots last year, while the number of voters whom the ma- PITH vf THE NEWS. M ereenn EVENTS JF THE PAST WEEK IN A CONDENSED FORM. A General Resume of the Most Im- portant News of the Week, From all Parts of the Globe, Boiled Down and Arranged in Con- venient Form for Rapid Per. usal by Busy People. Washington Talk. The rural free-delivery experiment fas been extended to Opelika, Ala., and Quitman, Ga. Carl Hurst, first consul at Prague, reports to the state department that a warked change in the railroad tariff en sugar, just made in Austria, will prob- ‘The postmaster general has issued a fraud order against the Merchants’ Na- tional Union Bank of Chicago, a col- lection agency. A telegram received at the war de- partment announces the death, at San | Bernardino, Ariz., of First Lieut. Ed- win C. Bullock, Seventh Cavalry, from pneumonia. Representative M. V. Howard of Alabama introduced in the house a resolution recognizing the republic of Cuba as a free and‘ independent gov- ernment. People in Print. Hugh J. Jewett, who has been seri- ously ill with pneumonia at Glenville, his country home in New Jersey, has been removed to New York. Cardinal Gibbons, who was treated by Father Kneipp at Woerishofen dur- ing his recent European trip, has be- come a strong convert to the water eure theory and is now a. “dew- walker.” Rey. J. M. Vanhorn of the Warren Disciple church at Warren, Ohio, was tendered the pastorate o fthe West London tabernacle in London, Eng- land. He has the call under considera- tion. The foreign missionary board of this country had recommended him for the place. Dr. Robert Black, grand commander of the Knights Templar of the State of New York, died at his home in Brook- ly: aged sixty-five years. He had served as city treasurer, alderman, president of the board of aldermen, collector of the internal revenue and member of the board of education of Prooklyn. Mrs. Cleveland, wife of the Presi- dent, has visited Princeton to inspect the new home which was recently pur: chased by the president for his family Prot. West met her at the village sta- tion and conducted her to the house, where a thorough inspection of the place was made, and various repairs and improvements agreed upon. Thomas Houston, the oldest male resident at Niles, Mich., is dying of old age. He came to Niles in 1832 and established a ferry across the St. Jo- seph river before the time of the bridges and carried the mails and dis- patches to and from St. Joseph. His early days were passed among the In- dians and he met with many perilous happenings, Accidental Happenings. Samuel P. Putnam, president of the free thought congress, and Miss Mary L. Collins, a young agnostic lecturer were killed by escaping gas in Boston. A yaluable property in the business portion of Altoona, Pa., burned, entail- tailing a loss of $100,000. A boy play- ing Santa Claus in one of the windows of F. M. Morrow’s dry goods store started the blaze. Percy Middlebrook, Frank Roe and Patrick Powers, all sons of prominent citizens of Florida, Orange county, N. Y., took a ride in a sleigh, returning at midnight. Roe and Powers attempt- ed to assist Middlebrook from the sleigh and found that he was dead and frozen stiff. The loss of lite by the explosion which destroyed the Von Cromer match factory at Aschaffenburg was much greater than previously reported. Fifteen women and girls employed in the main building were killed and sev- eral persons working in an adjoining puilding were fatally or seriously hurt. Crimes and Criminals. The trial of Albert J. Frantz for the murder of Bessie Little, his sweet- heart, whose badly-decomposed body was found in the Stillwater river, a branch of the Miami, on Sept. 2, has commenced at Dayton, Ohio. Walter Jackson, a cigarmaker, has been arrested on suspicion of being one of the men who held up and at- tempted to reb the Iron Mountain train in St. Louis on the night of Dee. 9. At Wilkesbarre, Pa., during a family quarrel, Morris Pope shot John Keith- line, fatally wounding him. When Pope saw his friend falling to the floor with a mortal wound in his head he placed the reyolver in his own mouth and blew a portion of his own head oft, dying almost instantly. Andrew Hart, aged twenty-five, was shot dead at Marshalltown, Iowa, by an unknown man, who entered the house presumably for the purpose of robbery. The murderer escaped, but hundreds of armed men with blood- hounds are in pursuit, and lynching is probable if the murderer is captured. Edmund E. Wright committed sui- cide at Toledo, Ohio, by shooting him- self over the grave of a Mrs. Osborne, supposed to be a sweetheart of his. He held a crucifix in one hand and a rosary in the other, and, biessing him- self and reciting the Lord’s Prayer, fired the bullet into his heart. Mrs. N. Harry, a leader in church and social circles at Arcola, Ill, drank a quantity of carbolic acid and died. The death of her husband and two brothers, which occurred recently, is supposed to have deranged her mind. The Count de Tolouse l’Ontree, charged with assault with intent to kill a cabman, was acquitted in New York. He testified that he thought the cab- man was going to rob him and he had acted in selfdefense. At Mount Pleasant, Miss., near the Tennessee line, Charles Mitchell, a ne- chine balked of their purpose this year ' gro fugitive wanted for murder, Mon- was not over 250. he counting was | day shot and killed P. L. Thompson, a eomputed on the gubernatorial and | leputy sheriff, who tried to arrest him. presidential tickets within twenty min- |The murderer was barricaded in his utes of the closing of the polls. house, and when the officers surround- ed him he came forth with a revolver in each hand, blazed away with fatal result, stole a horse and made his es- cape. Justice France, at Fort Wayne, Ind., discharged from custody Freddy Kriéckenberg, the thirteen-year-old lad who killed George Sturm, aged fifteyn. The prelimmary examination showed that Sturm and two playmates }laid in wait for Kueckenberg, and !when the boy came along Sturm as- jsaulted him. Krueckenberg ran into a fence corner, where he was assaulted again by Sturm, and the cutting fol- lowed, the defendant claiming, acci- dentally. From Foreign Shores. A Cuban home rule plan ts said to have been formulated by the Spanish government. A Berlin dispatch to the London Dai- ly News says it is rumored that the government will submit a bill to the reichstag for new artillery, which will involve a great expenditure, Prussia’s share footing up $43,750,000. The German mail steamer Eduard Bohl, which was reported to have been lost at sea while on her way to the West African colonies, arrived safely at Las Palmas, Canary islands, on Monday last. Maj. von Wissam, late governor of German East Africa, has just been elected president of the Berlin Geo- graphical society, vice Baron yon Kicht- kofen, who has taken Dr. Kayser'’s place at the head of the German colo- nial department. Honduras, after having tried five men for the murder of Charles Renton, an American citizen, in Brewer's la- goon three years ago, now asserts that Renton is still alive. All the men were found guilty and given sentences vary ing from five to ten years. The pres- ent claim is set up to avoid paying in- demnity to Mrs. Renton. ‘The great play hall of iron and glass now being erected in the Thiergarten in connection with the Mont Bijou castle in Germany, which has been uninhabited for many years, is now destined for the residence of the young crown prince when he commences to maintain a household of his own. The London Daily News has a dis- pateh from Berlin with reference to rumors of reprisals against American petroleum. It says that German con- sumers are likely to suffer more by this move than American exporters, Russia alone being scarcely able to supply Germany. Godart and Sureau, the French aero- nauts, are about to organize a balloon expedition to the north pole. They state that the idea was first suggested to them some three years ago by Walter Wellman, an American jou ist, but the idea was given up, owing to the attempt of Prof. Andree. The revelations of the Luetzow trial and the arrest of Baron von Tausch, the commissioner of detectives, are having unimagined consequences, one of which is that the whole police sys- tem, organized under von Puttkamer and perfected under zu Eulenburg and von Koeller, will be either modified or abelished. An explosion occurred at Berlin in the house of the scientist, George Isaac, who was experimenting» with the manufacture of acetlyne gas. Isaac and three assistants were blown to atoms. It is said that Emperor William had intended to visit Mr. Isaac’s laboratory, as his experiments had attracted much attention. John Stuart Bligh, sixth carl of Darnley, is dead. He was born in 1828. Mme. Heine, who was decorated by the late President Carnot for her char- ity, was buried on Sunday in Paris. She leaves 5,500,000 frames to her adopted daughter, the Duchess Rivoli, and the remainder of her fortune is to be divided between Princess Joachim Murat’s six children. A number of pictures by old masters were recently transferred from the archbishop’s palace, in Milan, to the Brera gallery, where the public will be eble to sce them. Among them are a beautiful “Last Supper,” by ‘Titian; an “Adoration of the Magi,” by Correggio; a “Virgin and Child,” by Paris Bor- done, and three smsll pictures by Lu- eas von Leyden. Cardinal Ferrari, through whose generosity the change was made, received other pictures of less value to fill the vacant spaces. Otherwise. Charles Jackson of Richmond, Ind., is a prisoner in Morro Castle, Havana. It is said that St. Louis is to have a million-dollar plate glass manufact- uring company. The Behring sea commissioners, who are now in session at Victoria, will come to San Francisco at the conclu- sion of their labors, there to contizue their inquiry. Burner Bros., retail jewelry dealers, doing business at No. 57 Euclid ave- nue. Cleveland, made an assignment. Assets are estimated nt $40,000 and li- abilities at $30,000. The schedules in the assignments of Clapp & Co., bankers and brokers at New York, show liabilities of $204,509; nominal assets, $344,502; actual as- sets, $10,060. David Mills of Saginaw, Mich., who has struggled hard all his life fora liv- ing, and has felt =ke business depress- ion severely, now receives word that a legacy of $140,000 now awaits bim in Scotland. It is probable that the sensational boycott case brought by the Toledo, Kansas City & St. Louis Railroad company in the United States circuit court at Cleveland against the Joint Traffic association, will not be taken up before Jan. 5. ‘The war between Colorado cattlemen and Wyoming sheep men is again on. Grif W. Edwards, the principal sheep- owner in the region, has received two letters from the cattlemen giving him six days in which to remove his sheep from the ¢isputed strip. A mass meeting of business men was held to protest against closing the United States army and navy hospital at Hot Springs, Ark., as recommended in the report of Secretary of War La- mont. It was decided to send a com- mittee to Washington. George H. Coleman of La Grange, Ind., has recovered $600 from the vil- lage of Meddon, across the state line. His son was killed while running a traction engine across a condemned bridge, the bridge giving way and car- rying him with it. | REPORT AS TO CUBA VOLUMINOUS PAPER FROM THE SEN- ATE FOREIGN COMMITTEE, It Reviews the History of Interven- tion in Similar Struggles in Eu- N ropean Countries to Show the’ Precedents for the Recognition of Cuban Independence — Spain and the Confederate States. Washington, Dec. 21.—Senator Cameron to-day presented to the senate the report of the committee on foreign relations favor- able to the adoption of the following joint resolution: me “Resolved, By the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America, in congress assembled, That the independence of the republic of Cuba be, and the same is hereby, acknowledged by the United States of America. Be it further “Resolved, That the United States will use its friendly offices with the government of Spain to bring to a close the war be- tween Spain and the republic of Cuba.” The report says: Congress, at its last session, after long and patient consideration, adopted with practical unanimity the view expressed by your committee that the time had come for resuming intervention with Spain fer the recognition of the independence of Cuba. Spain having declined to listen to any rep- resentation founded on an understanding be- tween herself and the insurgents, and con- gress having pledged itself to friendly in- tervention, the only question that remains to be decided is the nature of the next step to be taken with proper regard to the customs and usages of nations. Before deciding this question your com- mittee has preferred to examine with some care all the instances which have occurred during this century of insurgent peoples claiming independence by right of revolt. The inquiry has necessarily led somewhat far, especially because the right of revolt or insurrection, if insurrection can properly be called a right, seems in every instance, except one, to have carried with it a cor- responding intervention. For conveniente we have regarded both insurrection and in- tervention as recognized rights, and have at- tempted to ascertain the limits within which these rights have been exercised, and their force admitted by the general consent of nations. Struggles in Europe. The long duration of the French revolu- tionary wars, which disturbed the entire world for five and twenty years and left it in a state of great confusion, fixed the be- ginning of our modern international sys- tems at the year 1815, in the treaties of Vienna, of Paris and of the Holy Alliance. The settlement of local disturbances, un- der the influence of the powers, parties to these treaties, proceeded without serious disagreement unti! 1821, when the Greeks rose in insurrection against the sultan: The modern precedents of European insur- rection and intervention, where independ- ence was the issue involved, began with Greece. The report deals exhaustively with the insurrections in Greece, Holland, Hun- gary and Poland, and continues: Besides the four precedents of Greece, Belgium, Poland and Hungary, where new nationalists were in question, a much larger number of interventions occurred in Europe in the process of disruption or consolidation which has, on the one hand, disintegrated the ancient empires of the sultan, of Spain, of the church; and on the other hand, con- centrated the new systems of Germany Russia and Italy. Interventions have occurred most conspic- uously in Spain, by France in 1823; in Por- tugal, by England in 1827; again in Spain and Portugal in 1836, by England and France, under what was called the quad- ruple treaty; in Piedmont and Naples, by the holy alliance, 1821, and in so many in- stances since 1848 that enumeration would be long and difficult, but none of the dis- turbed countries claimed permanent inde- pendence under a form of revolution, unless it were perhaps the states of the church, or Rome, which, on Feb. 8, 1849, declared the pope to be deposed and set up a provis- fonal government under a revolutionary tri- umvirate. The French executive, Louis Napoleon, gave another direction to the policy of France. He immediately sent a French army to Civita Vecchia, which landed there April 26, and after a bloody struggle drove the republican goverment out of Rome. The French entered Rome July 3. Pope Pius IX. returned there in April, 1859, and, during the next twenty years, Rome re- mained under the occupation of a French army. The only reasons given by France in this instance, for the intervention, was that the occupation of Rome was necessary in order to “maintain the political influence of France.” This was the ground taken by President Louis Napoleon in explaining his course to the chambers of 1850. The British government acquiesced in this rule of European law or practice. On May 9, 1851, Lord Palmerston, then foreign sec- retary, said in parliament, in reply to a formal inquiry, that the occupation of Rome was ‘a measure undertaken by France in her own discretion and In the exercise of her own judgment. The British govern- ment had been no party to the measure. France had exercised her own rights in re- gard to its said it was not at all necessary ‘that the previous concurrence of the Brit- ish government should have been obtained in the matter. The British government had been no party to this aggression and could not, therefore, be said to have concurred in it. It was a matter on which they might have an opinion, but in which they had no partieular right, by treaty or otherwise, to interfere.” Many Precedents, In the year 1827 intervention In the affairs of the Oftoman empire had been 60 con- stant as to create a body of jurisprudence, and a long series of treaties in which the existence of all political systems of South- eastern Europe seem now to be more or less entirely based. Not only Greece, Montenegro, Roumanta, Bulgaria, Roumalla, Servia and Egypt have been the creations of such intervention, or the objects of its restraints, but also Samos, Crete and even Lebanon owe their legal status to the same source. ‘An authority so great must assume some foundetion in law, veelng that the entire world acquiesced not only in the practical exercise of the force, but also in the prin- ciple on which it rested whatever, that principle was. The treaty of Berlin, in 1878, was a broad assertion of the right of the Buropean powers to regulate the affairs of the Ottoman empire, but the treaty con- tains no statement of the principle of juris- prudence on which the right rests. The preamble merely declares that the “powers, being desirous to regulate, with a view to European order, the qurs:tons gained in the Kast of the events of late years, and the war terminated by the pre- liminary treaty of San Stefano, have been unanimously of opinion that the ‘neeting of a congress would offer the best means of facilitating on understanding.” So liberal a use of the right of inter- vention has seldom been made, but the principle of jurisprudence on, which It rested has never been officially declared. ‘These six precedents include, as far as is known, every instance where a claim to independence has been made by any people, whatever, in Europe, since the close of the Napoleonic wars. Other successful rev- o’utions, such as those of Tuscany and the state of the church in 1839, were the im- mediate results of intervention in modern times, although Naples hardly thought nec- essary to pass through any intermediate stage of recognition as an independent authority. The six precedents, therefore, constitute the entire European law on the subject of intervention 'n regard to European a MN asareesenss peoples claiming independence by the Ee of revolution. There is no other authorita- tive source of the law; for the judicial courts of Europe were bound to follow the politi- eal decision, and the opinion of private. persons, whether jurists or politicians, be- ing without sanction, could not be ac- cepted as law. From this body of precedent, it is clear that Europe has invariably asserted and practiced the right to interfere, both col- lectively and separately, amicably and forcibly, in every instance, except that of Poland, whee a European people has resorted to insurrection to obtain inde- pendence. The right itself has been based on vari- ous grounds: “Impediments to commerce,” ‘Burden- some measures of protection and repres- sion,” “‘Requests” of one or both parties “to interpose,” ‘‘Effusion of blood” and “Evils of all kinds,” ‘‘Humanity” and “The repose of Europe’ (Greek treaty of 1827), “A warm desire to arrest, with the shortest possible delay, the disorder and the ef- fusicn of blood’ (Protocol of Nov. 4, 1830, in the case of Belgium), “His own safety or the political equilibrium on the frontiers of his empire” (Russian circular of April 27, 1849, in the case of Hungary), “To safe- guard the interest and honor, and to ‘‘main- tain the political Influence” of the inter- vening power (French declarations of 1849- ‘50 In regard to the status of the Church.) Finally, in the latest and most consider able, because absolutely unanimous, ac! all Europe, simply the “desire to regula (Preamble to the treaty of Berlin in 1! covering the recognition of Servia, Rou mania, Montenegro and Bulgaria.) The report then turns to the experience of Asia: In regard to Asia, probably e!! athorities agree that the entire fabric «7? European supremacy, whether in Asiatic Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, India, Siam oul China, rests on the right of interven- tion. The American Precedents are handled exhaustively. It says that America, both North and South, has always almed to moderate European intervention and to restrict its exercise. On this point we have the evidence of George Canning in a celebrated speech on the foreign en- listment act. 1. “We have spent much time,” said Can- ning, “in teaching other powers the nature of a strict neutrality; and, generally speak- ing, we found them most reluctant schol- ars. If I wished for a guide in a system of neutrality I should take that laid down by America in the days of the presidency of Washington, and the secretaryship of Jef- ferson.”” After tracing the uprising in Mexico, Venezuela, Chile and Argentine Republic against Spanish rule, the report say “The question of intervention began in 1817. The Spanish government appealed to the European powers for aid. The czar openly took sides with Spain, and when, in September, 1817, the Spanish govern- ment asked permission to build several ships of war in the Russian dock yards, the czar suggested that Spain should buy five ships of the line and three frigates belonging to the Russian navy. This was done, and the ships were sent to the seat of war. At the same time, in October, 1817, the Russian government instructed its ambassador in London to press on the British government the great importance of European intervention. President Mon- roe decided as early as April, 1818, to dis- courage European mediation. In August he made a formal proposal to the British and French governments for a concerted and contemporary~ recognition of Buenos Ayres, whose de facto independence made that country the natural object of the first step toward the establishment of a gen- eral policy. In December he notified both governments that he had patiently waited withcut interfering in the policy of the allies, but as they had not agreed on any- thing and as the fact of the independence ef Buenos Ayres appeared established, he thought that recognition was necessary. In January, 1819, it announced to them that ie was actnally considering the measure. ‘Thus all parties had agreed, as early as 1817 and 1818 upon the propriety of inter- vention between Spain and her colonies. Both the United States and Europe asserted that the time had come; they disagreed only as to the mode. When Lord Castlereagi. the congress cf Afx-la Chappelle, in Oc ber, 1818, proposed to the four other po ers, “to intervene in the war between Spain and her American colonies by i- dressing offers of mediation to the two belligerents, Russia eneregetically opposed and rejected the scheme, not because it was intervention, but apparently because it was mediation, and to that extent recog nized rights in the insurgents. When Presi dent Monroe interposed his fiat, that no in- terference could be countenanced, he dic- tated in advance the only mode of interyen- tion which he meant to permit. If he wait- ed before carrying it out, it was only, because In the actual balance of European and American power, he felt that isolated action might injure the cause he had de- termined to help. He waited in vain. pales England nor any other power moved again, Monroe's Message. After a delay of four years, from the time when he began his policy, the Greek revolt in Europe, and the milltary successes of Bolivar, and Iturbide in America gave the desired opportunity, and Monroe sent to congress his celebrated message of March 8, 1822, recommending the recognition of all the revolted colonies of Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Buenos Ayres. These countries asked no more. ‘They based their claim on their independence defacto, and Monroe admitted its force. “The provinces,” he said, “which have de- clared their independence and are in the enjoyment of it, ought to be recognized.” He added that “the measure is proposed under a thorough conviction that it is in strict accord with the law of the nations.” “In reality, it created the law, so far as its action went, and its legality was recog- nized by no European power. Nevertheless Monroe’s act, which extin- guished the last hopes of the holy alliance in America, produced the deepest sensation among European conservatives, and gave to the United States extraordinary consid- eration. England used it as a weapon at the congress of Verona to threaten the other powers when they decided on inter- vention in Spain. Slowly Canning came wholly over to the side of Monroe, as France and Austria forced his hands in Spain. The principle thus followed by Canning added little to the European law of inter- vention, but the principle avowed by Mon- roe created an entire body of American jurisprudence. As an isolated act it meant little, but in Monroe’s view it was not iso- lated; it was part of a system and wholly American. Monroe lost no time in doubts or hesitations. In his annual message of December, 1823, he announced the principle (the Monroe doctrine) that the new nations, which his act alone had recognized as inde- pendent, were by that act placed outside of the European system, and that the United States would regard any attempt to extend that system among them as un- friendly to the United States. From that day to this, the American peo- ple have always and unanimously, sup- ported and approved the Monroe doctrine. ‘They needed no reasoning to prove that it was vital to their safety. In the case of the recognition of Texas, the report quotes from a report made June 18, 1836, by Mr. Clay, from the senate com- mittee on foreign relations, which say: “The recognition of Texas as an indepen- dent pawer may be made by the United States in various ways: First, by treaty; second, by the passing of a law regulating commercial intercourse between the two powers; third, by sending a diplomatic agent to Texas with the usual credentials; or lastly, by the executive receiving and according a diplomatic representative from ‘Texas, which would be a recognition as far as the executive only is competent to make it. In the first and third modes the con- currence of the senate in its executive char- acter would be necessary, and in the secon@ in its legislative character. The senate alone, without the co-opera- tion of some other branch of the govern- aan! ment, is not competent to recognize the ex- istence of any power. The president of the United States, by the coustitution, has the charge of their foreign intercourse. Regu- larly he ought to take the initiative in the acknowledgment of the independenc; any new power, but in this case, h not yet done it, for reasons which he with- out doubt deems sufficient. If, in any in- stance the president should be tardy, he may be. quickened in the exercise of his power by the expression of the opinion, or by other acts, of one or both branches of congress, as was done in relation to the republic formed out of Spanish-America. But the committee domot think that on this. occasion any tardiness is justly imputable to the executive. About three months only have elapsed since the establishment of an independent government in Texas, and it Is not unreasonable to wait a short time to see what its operation will be, and especial- ly whether it will afford those guarantees- which foreign powers have a right to expect before they institute relations with it. The Texas Resolution Taking this view of the whole matter, the committee conclude by recommending to the senate the adoption of the following resolution: “Resolved, That the independence of Tex- as ought to be acknowledged by the United States whenever satisfactory information shall be received that it has in successful operation a civil government, capable of performing the duties and fulfilling the obli- gations of an independent power.” President Andrew Jackson, in his Texas message of Dec. 21, 1834, said: ‘In the pre- amble of the resolution of the house of representatives it is distinctly intimated that the expendiency of recognizing the in- dependence of Texas should be left to the discretion of congress. In this view on the ground of expediency, I am disposed to concur and do not therefore consider it necessary to express any opinion as to th strict constitutional right of the executive, either apart from, or in conjunction with, the senate, over the subject. It is to be presumed that in no future occasion will a dispute arise, as none has heretofore oc- curred, between the executive and the legislature, over the exercise of the power of recognition. It will always be considered consistent with the spirit of the constitu- tion and most safe that it should be ex- ercised, when probably leading to war, with a previous understanding with that body by whom war can alone be declared, and by whom all the provisions for sus- taining its perils must be furnished. Its submission to congress, which represents in one of its branches the states of this Union, and in the other the people of the United States, wh it may be reasonable ground to appreacnd so grave a conse- quence, which certainly afford the fullest satisfaction to our own cot and a per- fect guarantee to all othe justice and pre e of the measures which might be adopted. The initiative thus asserted by congress and conceded by President Jackson to con- gress in the case of the recognition of Texas was followed, in the case of Hungary, by President Taylor, which authorized his agent to invite the revolutionary govérn- ment of Hungary to send to the United States a diplomatic representative, since the president entertained no doubt that, in such case, at the next meeting of congress, “her independence would be speedily recog- nized by that enlightened bo . Until now no further question has been raised in regard to the powers of congress. So much space has heen taken by this historical summary that the case of Texas must be passed over without further no- tice, and the cases of Hayti and Santo Domingo may be set aside as governed by peculiar influences. The record shows that in every instance, except Poland, down to 1850, where afy people has claimed inde- pendence by right of revolt, the right of in- tervention has been exercised against the will of one or the other party to the dis- pute. In every instance the only ques- tion that has disturbed the intervening powers has regarded neither the right nor the policy so much as the “time and mode” of action. The only difference between ‘the European and American practice was that the United States almed at modern- ing, or restricting, the extreme license of European intervention, and this was the difference which brought the United States nearly into collision with Europe in 1861 and 1862. Lord Palmerston and Lord Russell, as well as the Emperor Napoleon and his min- isters, entertained no doubt of their right to intervene even before our civil war had actually commenced, and accordingly recognized the insurgent states as bellig- erents in May, 1861, although no legal question had yet been raised requiring such a decision. The United States government never ceased to protest with the utmost energy against the act as premature and unjust, and this last and most serious case of interference, in which the United States were concerned as an object of European intervention, revealed the vital necessity of their American system at the same time that it revealed the imminent danger of its destruction. The report then gives the circumstances under which the Southern confederacy wai recognized, tracing in detail the diplomat- ic correspondence. The Case of Cuba. Under the subhead of Cuba, the report concludes as follows: Cuba—Into this American system, this cre- ated by Monroe in 1822-23, and embracing: then, besides the United States only Buenos Ayres, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, various other. commuunt‘ies have since claimed, and in most cases have received, admission, until} it now includes all South America, except the Gulanas; all Central America, except the British coiony of Honduras, and the two black republics of Spanish Santo Domingo and Haytt, in the Antilles. No serious ques- tion was again raised with any European power in regard to the insurrection or inde- pendenee of their American possessions until in 1869 a rebellion broke out in Cuba and the insurgents, after organizing a gov- ernment and declaring their independence, ciaimed recognition from the United States. ‘The government of the United States had always regarded Cuba as within the sphere of its most active and serious interest. As early as 1825, when the newly recognized States of Colombia and Mexico were sup- posed to be preparing an expedition to revo- lutionize Cuba and Porto Rico, the United States government interposed its friendly offices with those governments to request their forbearance. The actual condition of Spain seemed to make her retention of Cuba impossible, in which case the United States would have been obliged, for her own safety, to prevent the island from falling into the hands of a stronger power in Eu- rope. That this emergency did not occur mey have been partly due to the energy with which Monroe pronounced “our right and our power to prevent it,”” and his deter- mination to use all the means within his compeveney “to gaard against and forfend This right of intervention in matters rela: ing to the external relations of Cuba, asse’ ed and exercised seventy years ago, been asserted and exercised at every cri: in which the island has been involved. When the Cuban insurgents in 1869 ap- pealed to the United States for recognition, President Grant admitted the justice of the claim and directed the minister of the Unit- ed States at Madrid to interpose our good offices with the Spanish goverument in order to obtain by a friendly arrangement the in- dependence of the island. The story of that intervention is familiar to every member of the’ senate and was made the basis of its resolution last session, requesting the president once more “to in- terpose his friendly offices with the Spanish government for the recognition of the inde- pendence of Cuba." Took Strychnine. Fargo, N. D., Dee. 22.—Mrs. ©. Bax- ter, housekeeper on one of Ald. Ken- nedy’s farms, near Horace, commit- ted suicide by taking strychnine. She is supposed to have been tempororily insane,