Evening Star Newspaper, January 23, 1942, Page 5

Movement fo Contro War Profits Gains Support in Congress Higher Taxes or Ceiling On Yields Are Chief | Measures Proposed | A movement to control war profits ; by puting a ceiling on them or by | \mposing tax levies high enough to absorb any “unconscionable” returns gained impetus today. Chairman Truman of the Senate | Defense Investigating Committee | and Senator La Follette, Progressive, | of Wisconsin urged heavy excess- | profit taxation to prevent creation | of war millionaires./ | Possibility of re-establishing per- | tentage profit limitations on Gov- | ernment contracts, such as formerly | covered warships and airplanes, was | discussed in the Senate yesterday | by Chairman Walsh of the Naval | Committee and Minority Leader McNary. H In the House, meanwhile, far- | reaching legislation to require labor, trade and business organizations in | Interstate commerce to register with | the Commerce Department was in- troduced by Chairman Vinson of the House Naval Affairs Committee. Representative Vinson declared | the proposed legislation would pro- | vide protection to the members of | tne affected organizations, and to | the public, against misuse of funds | and would “compel disclosure of the | Activities of various pressure groups | seeking to influence legislation.” | The measure was offered as an | aftermath of the Naval Affairs | Committee’s report on its investigh- | tion of shipbuilding contracts, in- | dustrial profits and union finances. | The Senate passed and sent to| the White House late yesterday legis- | lation authorizing expenditure of 8775,000,000 for new shipbuilding | and ship repair facilities. Of the | total. repair facilities would account ! for $275,000,000, | At the same time, Congress w: asked by President Roosevflt to -Sf propriate $100,000,000 for protection | of civilians during the war. A bill| authorizing the money already has been passed. The funds. would be used by the director of civilian de- | fense chiefly for purchase of gas | masks for civilians, additional fire- | fighting equipment and other ma- terials. } “D. C. Fiyer Soon fo Join | U. §. Squadron in England With 230 flying hours to his credit, Walter P. Gray, jr. 1417 Parkwood place N.W., has “joined the foreign legion.” ' That's his way ___ of saying that he expects to be in England soon as a pilot officer of the Eagle Squad- ron, the group of American flyers with the R.A.F. The 22 - year ington University and Wake Forest College, flying with W.P. Grav. Jr. friends at College Park, Md. two ! years ago. | Canadian officers gave him a | “flight check” in New York and he was sent to California for a so- called “refresher course” under | R. A. F. fiyers. | He remained there for three months, along with other American youths and a number of young men | from other countries, training for personal vengeance on the Axis | powers. One of the boys was from Vienna, another from Athens. Mr. Gray, back in Washington after completing his course on the West Coast, has been ordered to report to Ottawa January 28 As| soon as he leaves Canada for Eng- | land he will be commissioned a pilot officer. He is the only son of | Mr. and Mrs. Walter P. Gray. Gen. F. F. Russell to Get | Social Hygiene Award B the Associated Press. | BOSTON, Jan. 23.—The 1942 Wil- liam Freeman Snow award for dis- | tinguished service to humanity in the social hygiene field will be pre- | sented to Brig. Gen. Frederick F. Russell of Boston February 3 it was announced last night. Gen. Russell, a member of the | Army Medical Reserve Corps, will behonored during the 29th annual meeting of ,the American Social | Hygiene Association in recognition of his work in organizing the United States Army syphilis and gonorrhea control program in the first World | ‘War—the basis of the current Army program. Other recipients of the award have included Gen. John J. Pershing and Surg. Gen, Thomas Parran. Man Who Tried to Kill Girl Gets 10 to 20 Years By the Associated Press. ‘WHITE PLAINS, N. Y, Jan 23.— Isaac Brown, New York insurance broker, convicted of trying to kill Mathilde Le Boyer, 17, New York girl applicant for a stenographic position, was sentenced yesterday to 10 to 20 years in Sing Sing. He was convicted last month. County Judge Prank H. Coyne rejected a plea for clemency. Brown took the sentence calmly. Delivery of Night Final Edition ‘The Night Final Edition of The Star, with two addi- tional pages of last-minute news, is delivered through- out Washington and nearby suburbs, together with The Sunday Star, at 85c per month. g This edition gives th latest developments of the day in International, Na- tional and Local news, with complete Financial Reports. 8pecial delivery is made between 6 p.m. and 7:15 p.m. daily. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D, C, FRIDAY, JANUARY -23, 1942. REPORT TO THE NATION On December 2 lust President Roosevelt wrote Archibald MacLeish, directer of the Office of Facts and Figures: “As you know, I am most anxious that the general public be fully informed concerning the scope and progress of the defense program. To this end 1 should like the Office of Facts and Figures to prepare a report on the progress of the defense effort, as of December 31.” The Star herewith presents the first installment of Mr. MacLeish’s “Report to the Nation.” Subsequent installments will be printed daily until the full report is published. We have been at war for more than a month. American soldiers and marines have fought at Wake Island, Guam, Mid- way and the Philippines. The Navy has gone into action in the Atlantic and over the broad stretches of the Pacific. There have been defeats., But this much our small forces on our island out- posts have demonstrated: We have aa Army and & Navy that can fight. It is only the beginning. In his address to Congress on the state of the Union, the President said that American sea, air and land forces will take stations in the British Isles. They will be protecting the Western Hemisphere. They will be operating throughout the FarJEast and on all of the seven oceans. Total victory is our objective. Speaking for all of us, the President has expressed our common determination not to stop short of the destruction of Hitler and the certainty, so far as we can establish that certainty, that the world will never again suffer the disaster of Naziism. To win such a war and to win such a peace, it will not suffice merely to attain a slight superi- ority in armaments over the Axis aggressors. We must attain an overwhelming superiority. We must take the offensive on a front that extends around the world. We must liberate Guam, Wake and Manita. We must carry the war to the enemy’s home ground and hit him again and again wherever we can reach him. Our goals have been set: This year 60,000 planes. Next year 125,000 planes. This year 45,000 tanks. Next year 75,000 tanks. This year 20,000 anti-aircraft guns. Next year 35,000 anti-aircraft guns. This year 8,000,000 tons of merchant shipping. Next year 10,000,000 tons of merchant shipping. No other nation in the world has ever undertaken or could ever undertake such a program. In 1942 alone we will produce nearly three times as many weapons and supplies of war as in all the 18 months since the fall of France. In 1942 alone we will produce as many tanks and planes as Hitler did in all the years before 1939 when he was preparing for world conquest. We Decide to Do the Job. The immensity of the production that we have set ourselves reflects the transformation that has been effected in the country. From a people reluctant to go about a business we hate—the business of war—we have been changed to a people determined to get the job over with as quickly as possible. Napoleon said that war was Prussia’s chief business. War is Hitler’s only business. The business of the United States, from the days of the Revolution, has been the business of peace, the welfare of its people. We were reluctant to exchange our busi- ness for Hitler’s. Hoping to remain at peace we gave up many traditional rights. We passed a neutrality law in August, 1935. But when Hitler invaded Poland in September, 1939, it became evident that the neutrality law favored the Nazis, who had accumu- lated vast stores of arms, while penalizing the democracies who had not. We repealed those features of the law. It was our first learning of the lesson that merely wanting peace does not mean that a nation can stay at peace But we did more than repeal laws. We began, gradually, to take action for our own defense. In September, 1939, the President appointed a War Resources Board to survey the Nation’s resources. The board's recommendations were useful in planning an increased armament effort. It was disbanded when its work was finished. Then the invasion of the Lowlands and the fall of France in the spring of 1940 revealed the full power of the Nazi war machine and our peril. On May 28, 1940, the President created the National Defense Advisory Commis- sion, partly composed of leading industrialists. It was an “ad- visory” commission and our aim was “defense.” But the lines of offense pushed closer. By December, 1940, London had become our first line of security. We could not let Britain fall for want of food or guns, tanks or planes. The President announced our determination to serve as the arsenal of democracy. On January 10, 1941, the lend-lease bill was introduced into Congress. To gear our production to the urgent needs of the free nations, the Office of Production Management was set up, superseding the National Defense Advisory Com- mission. O. P. M. pooled the practical experience of industry and labor in one organization responsible for assisting the Army and Navy. Still hopeful for peace, we were resolved to give every aid to the democracies “short of war.” The End of “Business as Usual.” As the lend-lease billions began to be spent, the size of the job we had undertaken became apparent to all. It was a job too big to be reconciled with “business as usual.” In August, 1941, the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board was created to direct the harsh task of curtailing the less essential civilian in- dustries so that our available raw materials would go for the production of first things—munitions—first. Then Hitler showed his hand and it held a sword made in Japan. ' To speed the mobilization of the Nation for total war, on January 13, the President announced the creation of a new War Preduction BoArd, with full and final authority over all Amer- ican production given to one man, the chairman. How badly or how well have we, in the 18th months just past, prepared for the total war now forced upon us? The dollar, translated into the tools of war, is one yardstick by which we can measure what we have done. On July 1, 1940, with the tragedy of Dunkirk fresh before our eyes, we were spending for defense at an annual rate of $2,000,- 000,000. On January 1, 1941, on the eve of the lend-lease legis- lation, our defense spending had risen to the rate of 6.2 billions a year. By the following July 1, as the Nazis were invading Rus- sia, we were spending at the annual rate of 10.6 billions. On December 1, 1941, spending had reached an annual rate of almost 20 billions. True, this was an accomplishment. But it is only a fraction of what we must do to survive as a free Nation. The President has told us that we must step up our spending on total war to more than 4 billions a month thts year, to more than 5 billions a2 month in 1943. The record sum of 1.8 billions spent on war in the month of December, 1941, represented little more than one-fifth of our national income. We must now divert more than one-half of our nationa! income to the prosecution of the war. That means the mobilization of every available man, woman, dollar and thing—every plant, tool, machine and bit of material to contribute to our total war effort. Literally, our military strength will depend upon what we, the people, can do without. The report which follows is the story of the foundations we have laid for such a total effort. They are good strong founda- tions. But they are foundations only. The President has told us that we “must face the fact of a hard war, a long war, a bloody war, a costly war.” How hard a war, how long, how bloody, at how great a cost, depends on how quickly we can erect the necessary structure upon these vast foundations. The answer will be given by 132,000,000 Americans who, never having failed in any crisis, now face the gravest crisis in their history. Il. The Navy In 1922 the American Navy, honoring the promises made at the Washington Arms Conference, began to scrap and strip and sink more than a million tons of its own fighting ships. In 1932 the American Navy, becalmed against its will, found itself approaching a level below Britain, below Japan, below even France and Italy in the number of its effective fighting ships. At the beginning of 1942 the American Navy had completed a full year of full speed ahead on its two-ocean program and had become within the space of a few months the strongest single sea-borne fighting force on this planet. The “two-ocean Navy”’—most crucial of all our necessities— is under way. ‘When France fell we began to wonder what would have hap- pened to us if Britain had not survived Dunkirk. On June 14, 1940, an 11 per cent expansion of our naval forces was authorized by Congress. Five days later the 11 per cent was raised to 70 per cent. By the end of 1940 the Navy was growing at the rate of $179,000,000 a month. The cost of 1941 was over $3,000,000,000. When Japan struck we had.17 battleships, and 15 more belng‘buflt. We had 7 aircraft carriers, and 11 more being built. We had 37 cruisers, and 54 more being built. We had 171 de- stroyers, with 193 more being built. We had 113 submarines, and 73 more being built. That is by no means the whole story of the Navy’s progress in 1941. By November, 1941, the Navy had commissioned 25 new combatant ships. It had added 2,000 planes to its hangars gnd First Instalment gf Facts and Figures on War Accomplishments its aircraft carriers. Its new chain of overseas bases extended far into both oceans, and it had enrolled some 5,000 new-officers and more than 12 times as many men. In those 10 months 345 new combatant ships of many kinds were under construction, as well as 96 auxiliary vessels, 243 mine craft, 225 patrol boats and other floating equipment generally overlooked in accounts of battles at sea, put essential if the men- of-war are to go into action. ‘Where were they being built? At shipyards up and down both coasts and as far inland as the Great Lakes, where even submarines are born. At the beginning of the year 72 private yards were building ships for the Navy. By November there were 133 yards—not including the Navy’s own 86 yards. The air is as important to the Navy as the sea. The Navy's plane complement of 15,000 has been increased. Before the war entered the shooting stage the Na®y—and the Marine Corps— had more than 5,000 pilots: Thousands more were in training. It is interesting to note here that last July the rate of enlistment for naval aviation training was eight times the rate in May, 1940. A greater rush was to ome. e Navy alone has 34 air stafions. In Jacksonville and at Pensacola the Navy has in operation two of its greatest new training stations. A third is in Corpus Christi, Tex. The Corpus Christi station shows what Americans can do when they decide to put their backs into an effort. In just 10 manths a flat, desert area of sand and scrub was turned into a modern city, a city with' miles of streets and runways, a city of permanent buildings with leagues of water mains and power lines, a city with one purpose—to help build an air fleet for our Navy. . Our Far-Flung Line. All this expansion of air and sea forces has led to a vast increase in naval shore establishments. American sailors and marines are now serving in Rewfound- land; they are serving at Bermuda; they are serving at Great Exuma Island in the Bahamas; they are serving at Antigua, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and Trinidad in the Caribbean, and in Brit- ish Guiana in South America. In the Pacific our sailors and marines hold a far-flung bastion of bases protecting us from would-be invaders from Asia. 2 A great deal of work has gone into the development of those overseas bases. As Secretary Knox pointed out. what we gained in the destroyer trade with Britain was not bases but the right to build bases. Defenses against attack from the air and attack by sea had to be installed. Dockyards, coast artillery, barracks, lines of supply for guns, food and coal, workmen to do the build- ing were needed. Nearly half a billion dollars was spent in de- veloping our bases last year. For some time American ports have been shared by nations resisting Axis aggression. Ever since the lend-lease program got under way the men-of-war of Great Britain have been coming into American yards to repair.the ravages of battles on distant seas. Merchant ships flying the flags of Britain and of Russia, of Holland, Norway, Greece and other countries have also put into our harbors. They have been outfitted with de- gaussing cables against magnetic mines, repaired, overhauled and fitted with guns. Liners have been turned into transports to carry troops to outposts and to bring British flying cadets to our training fields. Meantime, impressive numbers of our own ships were also being overhauled and converted for more effective wartime use. They were strengthened in protectivé devices and provided with increased fire power. Mine protection equipment and sky look- out stations were installed. _To give an example from a single class: Twenty-three old destroyers were modernized and re- commissioned. Forty-one others were converted for important uses. Private shipyards shared in the work, gaining valuab'~ experience for the big job ahead. A Naval Problem Without Parallel. The Navy's task today is twofold—it has the greatest battle of its life on its hands, and it also has a tremendous defensive patrolling job to carry out. The Navy, like the rest of us, is at war with Germany in the Atlantic, with Japan in the Pacific, with Italy in the Mediterranean. At the same time, it must police with Britain the sea lanes from Iceland to the bulge of South America and, with the British, Dutch and Australian Navies, the vast Pacific as far as Singapore. Fighting ships which might otherwise be used to attack the Japanese Navy must serve as two great mobile arcs of steel guarding all our continental coastline. They must see that German ships do not menace the routes to and from the eastern ports of South and Central America. They must keep Japanese ships clear of the Western Hemisphere from the Straits of Magellan to the North- ern Bering Sea. This is a naval problem without parallel in history. Long before Pearl Harbor, the Navy’s ability to give and take severe blows had been shown in the waters between America and Europe, in the months when it was obeying tH® President's command to shoot first. The Navy and the Marine Corps entered the war with an unprecedented peacetime strength. Their complements of fight- ing forces are being increased with a speed that can be matched by no other nation on earth at this time. The Navy's ultimate strength rests soundly on the resources, the spirit and the capacity of this country to carry to completion a plane and shipbuilding program years before we thought it could be done. (To Be Continued Tomorrow.) Cables Hint Capture of Two Washingtonians at Guam Parents of an ensign and a yeo- man from Washington fear eir sons have been captured by the Jap- | | anese at Guam because of terse | cablegrams received saying merely— | “Am well, season’s greetings.” Origin 'pomt of the communications was | | not given. | | One of the men, Ensign William | | Lee Owen, 25, sent his parents a | letter dated November 24 from Hon- olulu saying he expected to sail the next day for Guam to become legal aid and attorney general to Capt. George J. McMillin, Governor of Guam. According to his parents, the Rev. and Mrs. B. A. Owen of 1701 Six- teenth street N.W., a check with of the Bureau of Navigation, indi- cates he arrived in Guam a short while before the invasion. The Owen family came here from Kansas City, Mo, last May to be with their son. » The other Washingtonian believed held by the Japanese is Ben Mac Greer, 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Everett Greep, 3914 Military road N.W. Mrs. Greer said today she had not received any confirmation as to the whereabouts of her yeoman son, but after speaking with Mys. Owen feels certain he also is being held captive. The youth had been ordered to Guam as a member of the clerical force and is believed to have sailed on the same transport with Ensign Owen. His father is an employe of the Veterans’ Admin- istration. Closing of lfalian Airline To Brazil Hailed by Brifish By the Associated Press. LONDON, Jan. 23.—A “very ir- ritating leak” in the British blockade has been plugged through suspen- sion of the Italian airline to Brazil, Hugh Dalton, Minister of Economic Rear Admiral Randall Jacobs, chief | g ing of movements of our shipping. wcm'uwy»mm!nu | flights and were in touch with enemy submarines. “It is with great satisfaction that I report the closing déwn of this service. S&M STORES 9th & D Sts. K. W. l.l Day Rates, 30¢ 1st Hr. 1320 N. Y. AVE, Choose from the largest selection in the city— grands, spinets, consoles and uprights of many fine makes. Very rea le rates payable monthly. Telephone NAtional 3223. J OBQHN’S & G Sts. Cerner 13 Harriman Summoned To White House; May Be Envoy 1o Russia Hull ¢o Take Part In Conference Today With President President Roosevelt scheduled conferences today with Secre- tary of State Hull and W. Averell Harriman, Minister to England, and speculation arose that the latter might be named Ambas- sador to Soviet Russia. The White House said yesterday an appointee to this post probably would be chosen on a basis of experi- ence in wartime supply problems and some knowledge of military af- fairs. As principal lease-lend ex- pediter abroad, Mr. Harriman has accumulated experience in both these regards. Asked about the vacancy in the diplomatic ranks at his press con- ference today, Mr. Roosevelt said he had not yet chosen a successor at Moscow in Lawrence A. Steinhardt, now Ambassador to Turkey, but he indicated that a selection would be | made soon. The President said he likewise had | made no selection as yet for Ambas- sador to Colombia, where a vacancy also exists. | Mr. Roosevelt referred one other | question in the fleld of diplomacy | | to the State Department, when an inquiry was made about prospects of | & unanimous accord in the Pan- | American conference at Rio de Ja- neiro. 1 | Probably setting a record !or‘ shortage of news at a press confer- | ence, the President gave negative or | | non-committal answers to a variety | | of other questions. | He said he expected a report soon | |on the Japanese-American engage- | ment at Pear] Harbor, but said he did not know ghether the findings of the special Investigating commit- | tee headed by Associate Justice Women Ask Partin Making Policies of War Program A plea that women be included on policy-making staffs in the war production program as well as in the enforcement of policies, was in- cluded in one of several resolutions approved yesterday at the conclu- sion of a two-day conference spon- sored by the Women's Bureau of na- the Labor Department. Representatives of 11 large tional women’s organizations, 14 labor unions and United Service Or- ganizations groups concerned with welfare of woman workers partici- pated. Most delegates were mem- bers of the bureau's Advisory Com Committee. were asked: for adequate meal and rest periods, equal wage rates with men, includ- ing entrance wage; proper safe- guards for health and safety, and “extension of State minimum-wage orders to women in service indus- tries who though not on war pro- The following labor standards for | £07 women engaged in war production | ev An eight-hour day, six-day week | Al of not more than 48 hours, provision M American Club of Paris Addressed by Bolles Col. Lemuel Bolles, District civilian defense director, yesterday described completed and contemplated air- raid precautions for Washington at the monthly meeting of the Amer- ican Club of Paris in the Army and Navy Club. Russell I. Hare presided at the meeting. Guests were Lawrence V. Benet, former. chairman of the Board of Directors of the Hotchkiss Co., and William L. Clemens, assist- ant to Col. Bolles. — mittee or Defense Labor Advisory | snd CK SUTT. New Year Qo 1517 MINK COAT, brown tone. 1 b coliar, plain ' pattern, slanting pockets. emb: 3 “ANNE DeL K." ral cash reward for duction are essential to a smoothly- running defense program.” 4 Other recommendations approved | included provision of training pro- | grams which would not stop with | placement of women in war in-| dustries but also would give addi- | tional instruction leading to ad-| vancement. improvement of housing | and recreational facilities for these | new woman workers and use of | woman dietitians and personnel di- | rectors in plants employing large numbers of women. | Byrns Called by Army NASHVILLE, Tenn,, Jan. 23 () — Joseph W. Byrms, jr., former Ten-; nessee member of Congress and son | of the late Speaker of the House, | said yesterday he had been ordered to Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., for a physi- | cal examination prior to entering | the service as a captain of the Army | Air Corps. He expects to take the examination next week. | Roberts would be made public. 'rhe’ committee has returned to Wash- | | ington. Asked about the problem of fed- eralizing unemployment insurance, | Mr. Roosevelt said it is now up to | Congress. Pending on Capitol Hill is |a request for legislation and funds ' to utilize the unemployment ma- chinery as an instrument of relief | | for persons temporarily unemployed | during conversion of industry from | civilian to wartime production. | | The President said he had re-| | ceived no information on the com- | promise being effected between the | | House and Senate on price-control | | legislation, | ;Jury Convicts Woman {Third Time in Slaying | By the Associated Press | LAKE CHARLES, La, Jan. 23— | Mrs. Annie Beatrice (Tony Jo) | Henry, 25, was convicted today of | the murder in February, 1940, of J. P. Calloway, Houston (Tex.) sales- { man. The verdict makes the death | sentence mandatory. | It was the third time the woman | was convicted of the crime. On two other occasions, she was granted I reversals by the State Supreme Court. Finnon Burks, Mrs. Henry's com- | panion, is under death sentence for | the slaying and was the State’s | principal witness. The General's Order . “KEEP YOUR ENERGY UP!” » i{CE CREAM—I/t's Delicious! Methods of Productions Are Ac- ® cepted by The Council on Foods of the American Medical Association ® Melvern Dealers or Phene HO. 1200 information leading overy. ME. 0316, POCKETBOOK. man's. containing identi- fication of owner. Please notify. Owner Sileall Bewerd PURSE. black suede, on Mount Pleasant car line, Thursday noon ~ Reward. Call after 6 p.m. u baguct diamorids: $100 panies’ Adjustment Bure: 870. WATCH, tia EF.” lost in vicinity Doctors' Hospital. Reward. Georsia 6924 after 6:30 p.m WRIST WATCH, in Dupont Circle BI a_ deceased 5 Woodley 21 milton dismond, or viemits: mift of reward. hone IST WA . N.” on Thursday_afternoon WRIST WATCH | afternoon, in or ne; Chase. Reward. Wi FOUND. mall white male with tan . Tw. Weds DOG. sm found at aftern: UND—Small purse on K. Owner may have by CH. 1707 evenings. SKIR' AXIS REVERSES IN RUSSIA should not lull us to a false sense of security. 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HARD COALS Nugget Anthracite—Steve, : Pea. S11.85: T e T e The Funday Hter WASHINGTON, . C. Public demand for accurate information about air raid precautions made an overnight “best-seller” of “You and An Air Raid,” the pamphlet based on the series of articles published recently in The Star and revised to include suggestions and official instructions since publication of the articles. Among the thousands who are coming to The Star counter or mailing in orders for the illustrated pamphlet are air-raid wardens, school officials, others in the civilian defense organization as well as indi- vidual householders. Most of the orders are for more than one copy. One order was for 900 copies; another for 2,000. Indorsed by national and local officials of civilian defense, the pamphlet brings together and simplifies the vast §mount of civilian defense material that has been put out. : Copies may be obtained for 2 cents each at the counter of The Star Building, Eleventh and Pennsyl- vania avenue N.W., or by mail for 5 cents each (to cover partial cost of printing and handling). If you order by mail, address “You and An Air Raid Editor,” and inclose, with your address, 5 cents in coin or stamps. g | 2