Evening Star Newspaper, June 7, 1940, Page 1

Weather Forecast Fair tonight; tomorrow partly cloudy; continued warm, followed by thunder- showers in late afternoon and at night. Temperatures today—Highest, 86, at 2 p.m.; lowest, 68, at 5:30 a.m. From the United States Weather Bureay report. Full details on Page A-2. * ‘From Press to Home Within the Hour’ Most people in Washington have The Star delivered to their homes every Closing New York Markets—Sales, Page 18 35,101. 88th YEAR. No. ch WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, JUNE ¢ Foen WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITIONg Star - 8] 1940—FIFTY-SIX PAGES. %*% evening and Sunday morning. (P) Means Associated Press, THREE CENTS Anti-Tank Nests Sown From Battlefront to Paris; U. S. Speeds Aid to Allies Ends of Weygand Line Assaulted.: / Resistance Stiff, Germans Admit Fifth of 'Panzer’ | Armada Smashed, Paris Asserts | By the Associated Press. ‘ PARIS, June 7.—The Germans, | with their machine power re- ported dwindling, sent masses of men—perhaps a half million in all—into the great Somme-Aisne | battle today in a supreme effort Rex Sailing From Italy June 12 Break-Through Reported Secretly Canceled Italian Ships Said to Have Bee¢h Ordered To Neutral Ports; Confirmation Lacking By the Associated Press. ROME, June 7.—A reliable ship- ping source said tonight that the liner Rex would not sail for the United States, although the Italian had been canceled and those in for- | eign waters had been instructed to | take refuge in neutral ports tended \ to confirm a widespread impression | in Rome shipping circles that cer- | tain scheduled Italian ship skilings | to outflank the Weygand Line at | Line continued to accept reserva- | would never take place. both ends and strike a decisive | tions for her scheduled departure, | blow at the heart of France. | One-fifth of the 2,000-tank | “Panzer” armada used by the| Nazis in the first two days of the battle have been blasted into in- activity, according to the esti- mate of a French military spokesman. | Dive bombers which had led the German conquest of Flan-| ders, also were said to be drop- ping out of action as Generalis- simo Weygand called on his armies to “hold tight to the soil of France.” Reynaud Confident. Premier Reynaud told the Senate Army Commission “there is reason to have confidence in the develop- ment of operations now under way.” A communique issued after the meeting also said that the Premier had reviewed the entire military situation. Unofficial sources reported tonight that Gen. Weygand had sown the entire area between the 'Somme- Aisne battlefront and the Seine River, just above Paris, with anti- tank defense nests. Roads have been barricaded and strong support posts, armed with machine-guns as well as anti-tank guns, have been set up in derensei against both the Nazi motorized | columns and possible parachutists, these sources said. Thus, mechanized units which| have broken through the front lines under the new Weygand “swinging gate” tactics will run an almost continuous gantlet of hot defensive fire The area between the battle front and the Seine is roughly 45 to 55 miles deep. Follow Yesterday's Withdrawals. The German flanking maneu- vers were aimed at the eastern and western ends of the active 125-mile section of the 200-mile front stretch- ing through Northern France from the Maginot Line to the sea. It is this 125-mile stretch of na- | ture-buttressed defenses, north of | Paris, which has been called the| Weygand line, although the elderly generalissimo has organized the po- sitions for the 200 miles of the northern front. Sl The flanking attempts were fol- low-ups of yesterday's French with- drawals Despite the renewed pres- sure the French spokesman de-} clared that the defenses were hold- | ing. Yesterday's withdrawals were in the Abbeville coastal area, where the defenders fell back upon the re- gion of the Bresle River, 17 miles from the Somme River mouth at Abbeville, and in the Soissons sec- tor where they withdrew to the| north bank of the Aisne. | German tanks, having crossed or eircled around the Ailette Canal and river of the same name, were said to have advanced yesterday to heights on the north bank of the Aisne. France's Future at Stake. A Weygand order of the day de- clared that “the future of France depends on _ your tenacity’—the tenacity of French forces with a bolstering of British troops which are opposing 500.000 invaders in the north, between the Channel and the plateau near the confluence of the Aisne and Oise Rivers. Cannonading from the ground | and the air was credited by the French military with destruction of about 400 of the 2,000 rolling fortresses in the first two days uf‘ the Nazi offensive. The push now is in its third day. As if turning to another powerful blitzkrieg weapon to speed up the assault, Germany sent about 200 planes over France. They caused an early morning alarm in the Paris region, but passed around the capital. The aerial armada caused “ma- terial damage” in raids over Central France, the French announced, but (See PARIS, Page A-3.) First Belgian Division To Rejoin Allies Soon By the Associated Press. POITIERS, France, June 7.—The semi-official Belga News Agency an- nounced today that the first division of the Belgian Army reconstituted in France will “soon” join the Allied armies. French Prince Sixte of Bourbon, who volunteered for action with the Belgian forces at the outbreak of hostilities, arrived in Poitiers and said he would fight again with them. = | Crown Prince Umberto June 12. Other TItalian sailings also were reported secretly cancelled. Confirmation was lacking, how- ever, for dispatches asserting that Italian merchantmen had been or- dered to seek refuge in neutral ports, The Italian Line said no general order had been issued for Italian ships to seek refuge. Shipping men said they under- stood that Italian freighters abroad, at least, had been ordered back to Italian ports. The line Conte Biancamano was reported remaining at Balboa, Canal Zone, until further orders. The Principessa Maria took refuge at Montevideo. Two other Italian vessels which sailed from other South American ports were said to have entered Montevideo Harbor where they were not scheduled to call. Information published abroad that all sailings of Italian merchant ships NEW YORK, June 7 (#).—Italy or- dered her far-flung merchant fleet 2 (See ITALY, Page A-6) | | Germans Say French Air Force Keeps Italy Out of War By the Associated Press BERLIN, June 7.—Informed German sources said tonight that Italy's entry in the war depends on two things 1. Destruction of the French air force. 2. Distraction of French at- tention by a gigantic operation such as a siege of Paris Italy. these sources said. can- not undertake to join arms with Germany in warfare so long as France is in position to make quick retaliation against Italy and her overseas possessions. | Rome Demonstration Hinted by Presence 0f Troop Units Marshal Emilio Debono Is Named to Command ‘Southern Army Group’ By the Associated Press ROME. June 7.—Strong troop detachments appeared in strategic centers in downtown Rome today. indicating that the authorities ex- pected a demonstration of some kind. The troops “guarded” the streets against student demonstrations after the dedication of a bust of Fortunato Mizzi, founder of the pro-Italian Maltese Nationalist party. The ded- ication was carried off quietly, with a speech by Fernando Mezzasoma, vice secretary of the Fascist party, on the Italianism of Malta, Britain's Mediterranean island naval base, Debono Gets New Post. Premier Mussolini today appointed Marshal Emilio Debono, 74-year-old white-whiskered veteran of the ‘World War and Italy’s colonial cam- | paigns, commander of Italy's “south- ern army group.” Where this army will operate was not immediately | learned. Some observers expressed belief | the southern army group might in- clude forces in Libya, but others pointed out that Marshal Italo Balbo is in command of troops there. Fascists have openly predicted Ttaly would drive against Egypt from Libya in an attempt to cap- ture the Suez Canal. Marshal Debono first led the Ital- ian troops against Ethiopia in 1935, but was replaced in the early months of the war by Marshbal Pietro Bo- doglio when he failed to attack the | Ethiopians with sufficient force to please Mussolini. Marshal Badoglio remains chief of the general staff of all armed forces. is com- mander of the northern army group. Marshal Rodolfo Graziani is com- mander of the Po, a fast motorized unit intended to be Italy’s major fighting arm in the north, The anniversary of the Maltese revolt, against the British on June (See ROME, Page A-3) Blades Ousted by Cards; Southworth Named Pilot By the Associated Press. ST. LOUIS, June 7.—Billy South- worth, manager of the Rochester club of the International League, today was named manager of the St. Louis Cardinals, succeeding Ray Blades. President Sam Breadon of the Cards made the announcement. He said Southworth, a former Cardinal player and manager, would take charge next Monday. Coach Mike Gonzales will manage the club today and through the week end. Blades, also a former Cardinal and brought up from Rochester to take charge of the club last year, led it to second place in the Na- tional League and was hailed as one of the master strategists of baseball. This year’s team is in sixth place, never has been a contender and is less than a game out of the cellar although most sports writers select- ed the Cardinals as National League pannant winner in a pre-season po | | ‘Natzis at Abbeville jBombed 45 Minutes, Brifish Report Direct Hit Is Declared Scored on One Bridge Over Somme Estuary By the Associated Press. LONDON, June 7—Great Britain's airmen, pounding German forces in | Western France, were reported officially today to have subjecred‘ | German positions at Abbeville to 45 | minutes of almost incessant bom- | bardment” which scored direct hits |on strategic roads and bridges in | the region of the embattled French | city. | The Air Ministry said three direct | hits were obtained on one bridge | over the Somme estuary in the raids yesterday. Its report was issued | several hours after another official )report told of the second German | raids in 24 hours on a wide area of | England’s south and east coast last night and this morning. | Military circles said the Somme- Aisne battle situation is “pretty tain there may not be a main attack yet to come.” Planes Over Surrey. Two unidentified planes, believed to be Nazi reconnaissance machines, were reported over Surrey shortly after 11 am. today. Shortly after 1 p.m. two machines believed to be those seen earlier were sighted at | lower altitudes. British fighter | planes took off from a neighboring | airdrome. The Admiralty took a drastic pre- caution today against a surprise night invasion of England by de- | claring a 3-mile curfew zone for | merchant vessels around the United | Kingdom. | Effective tomorrow, ships will be forbidden to enter this zone between sunset and sunrise except in or- ganized British convoys. | Vessels failing to comply with (See LONDON, Page A-12.) | good,” but that “we are not yet cer- | | Is Claimed by | Berlin Chiefs | BY the Associated Press. BERLIN, June 7.—-The German | high command declared today that the Weygand Line has been “broken through on the entire front.” Its terse communique, Nazi acknowledgement that the of- fensive toward Paris had run into stiff resistance on the Allies’ new defense line, offered no details Unusually brief, it devoted only two sentences to the great battle in France: | “Operations of the army and air force south of the River Somme and the Aisne-Oise Canal are success- | fully progressing according to plan. | “The Weygand Line was broken through on the entire front.” | Later the high command an- | number of airdromes in Central | damage. ‘Big conflagrations and explo- sions were observed on the quays and piers” of Cherbourg, France's vital Atlantic port, a supplementary communique said At the French airdromes a large number of planes were reported de- | stroyed. | Besides these announcements, |its only reports on the current | battle were of successful bombing | raids on British air bases last night, {of Allied air losses of 74 planes against 9 German planes and of the sinking of an Allied speedboat by German coastal defenses off the coast of Northern France. Second Short Communique. It was the second successive day that the high command communique has been short and without par- ticulars. As Nazis pictured the battle sit- uation, the German left wing was being held almost stationary while the right flank presses down the | coast. apparently toward Dieppe and |Le Havre, in an attempt to break the Allies’ shortest communications line. Again the German attack was paced by waves of Stukas (dive- bombers) blazing a trail for tons of motorized and armored equipment. There was no indication to what depth the Weygand line (in reality, | & deep defensive belt) had been | pierced, but it was indicated that | all operations were on the south first line of defense. Supplementing the high com- | mand’s “on schedule,” informed | sources said the Germans had ad- | vanced between 12 and 18 miles at some points yesterday. | Informed German pressed belief that France has ‘“practically vacated” her great Maginot Line to throw every avail- able man into the great Aisne- | Somme battle to defend Paris and Le Havre. sources ex- sides its evident design of further | hampering co-operation between the French and British, was re- (See BERLIN, Page A-3.) Japanese Pay $53,000 To Shanghai University By the Associated Press. SHANGHAI, June 7.—Long-pend- ing claims by the American-owned Shanghai University against the Japanese forces here for.war dam- ages were settled today when Jap- anese naval authorities paid 1,060,- i 000 Chinese dollars ($53,000), 26 per | cent of the original claim. Shanghai University, the property of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, was damaged in August, 1937, looted of valuable fur- nishings and equipment. Summary of Amuse- Obituary - ments._B-20-21| Radio Comics __C-10-11| Serial Story-.C Editorials __A-10 | Society Finance ____A-17| Sports Lost, Found..C-5| Woman's Foreign Germans bombed 45 minutes at Abbeville, French report. Page A-1 Front situation is “not so bad,” Brit- ish assert. Page A-1 Italy orders merchant ships to neu- tral ports. Page A-1 Nazis hurl massed infantry at Wey- gand Line, Page A-1 National. White House statement due as Navy planes go to Allies. Page A-1 Foreign-held securities restricts to curb Reich “dumping.” Page A-1 $1,006,000,000 defense tax bill tenta- tively approved. Page A-1 Navy sends another heavy cruiser to South America. Page A-1 Washington and Vicinity Senate D. C. Committee approves job tax reduction. Page A-1 Two killed in traffic; year's total is 28, Page B-1 Today’s Star | Editorial and Comment This and That. Answers to Questions. Alsop and Kintner. Letters to The Star. Page A-10 David Lawrence. Page A-11 Maj. George Fielding Eliot, - Page A-11 Page A-11 Page A-10 Page A-10 Page A-11 Charles G. Ross, Sports Hogan still Open golf choice despite Snead’s record 67. Page C-1 Kayo of Campoli moves Buddy Baer nearer to title shot. Page C-2 Grove, Foxx still magic team as Sox hang on to lead. Page C-2 Oarsmen campaign for rowing course on Potomac. Page C-3 Rocky road seen for seeded aces in Star net tourney. Page C-4 180 golfers seek varied awards in Federal tourney. Page C-5 Miscellany Vital Statistics. Service Orders. Bedtime Story. Letter-Outw Winning Contract. Uncle Ray's Corner, Cross-Word Puzzle, Nature’s Children. Page A-11 Page B-10 Page C-. following | nounced that Nazi warplanes had | attacked Cherbourg Harbor and a| and Eastern France, inflicting heavy | side of the Somme River, the Allies’ | The raid on British airports, be- | i i H‘II i Lol SN | GREATSCOT GENERAL 'V\u,: g e HERE 13 DEFE NOSUER?TI% / ) /% /) & 0 827 u‘f/' b & B SAE 0 5 ! announced by Subcommittee Drafis Defense Tax Bill 0f $1,006,000,000 | 1% Corporation Levy | Boost Provided as Well as Surtax Hike | By J. A. O'LEARY. | A defense tax bill to raise $1,006,- 1000000 of nmew revenue was com- | ;plebed in tentative form this after~ | noon by the Taxation Subcommittee | of the House Ways and Means Com- | mittee. New sources tapped today to pass the billion-dollar mark included: A 1 per cent increase in the corporation tax rate. A new schedule of surtax rates on surtax net income, which will re- ‘quire a large tax pavment by all persons having such income in ex- cess of $4.000. “Little Man” to Pay. The subcommittee announced two days ago its decision to broaden the income tax base by lowering per- sonal exemptions as follows: Married persons, from $2.500 to $2.000; single persons, from $1,000 to $800. This step, if approved by the full com- mittee, would create 2,000,000 new taxpayers who are not taxed now because personal exemptions_ and allowable deductions offset their earnings. The subcommittee took a furthe; | step today that will require millions | of individuals to file income tax re- | turns for the first time, even though | | they may not fall among the 2,000,000 new low-bracket taxpayers. This was accomplished by requir- ing returns from every single per- son having $800 of gross income and from every married person having $2.000 of gross income. Returns are not required now unless a single (See TAXES, Page A-2) Bargain Day Friday is generally known in Washington as Bargain Day and when itecomes to adver- tising bargains of the better kind The Star is used to the | egreatest extent by Washington | merchants, as shown by yes- terday’s advertising figures. Tomorrow will be another great shopping day and in today's Star is displayed the most attractive and desirable merchandise. Yesterday’s Advertising (Local Display) Lines 65,928 30,170 20,525 12,995 The Evening Star 2nd Newspaper _ 3rd Newspaper _ 4th Newspaper _ Total, three other newspapers Yesterday’s Circulation The Evening Star Thurs., June 6, 1940 Thurs., June 8, 1939. *Returns from newsstands not de- ducted smd no samples included. Telephone National 5000 and have The Evening and Sunday Star delivered to your home. 'Man in Hospital Visited By Queen Is Arrested Bt the Associated Press LONDON, June 7.—A man wear- ing the uniform of a British staff captain has been arrested at Hert- | | fordshire Hospital. where Qucen | Elizabeth vesterday visited wounded | | Tommies and French poilus, it was | disclosed today. | The man had arrived at the hos- | pital with a contingent of wounded officers and men of the British Ex- | peditionary Force from Dunkerque. Suspicion was first aroused by his foreign appearance and the fact that he did not appear wounded. Hos- | pital officials said he tried several | times to leave, on the excuse that he wished to telephone relatives. jNavy Dispatches Another Cruiser To South America Wichita Directed to Follow Quincy; Four Planes Aboard The Navy today dispatched the | cruiser Wichita to South American | waters in the wake of the cruiser Quincy. The trip was officially described merely as a “friendly visit,” but informed sources regarded the voyage as a move to provide moral support for Latin American nations striving to overcome the problem of “fifth column” threats against their | governments and political systems. | The announced destination of the Wichita, like the Quincy, is the har- | bor of Rio de Janeiro, but both are | expected to appear at MontéeVideo, the capital of Uruguay, where pro- Nazi activity is more intense now | than in any other South American | nation. The Quincy. a 10.000-ton heavy | | cruiser, was ordered to South Amer- ica last Friday. The Wichita, newest 10,000-ton heavy cruiser, like the Quincy, has| been in service with the Atlantic | coast neutrality patrol. It carries | four planes, nine 8-inch guns and | eight 5-inch anti-aircraft weapons. | It cruises at 32 knots. The cruiser has a complement of 551 officers and | men. | The official announcement by Secretary of the Navy Edison said | the Wichita “is proceeding to make a friendly visit to South American | ports in accordance with the cus- | toms of making these periodlc‘[ Vvisits.” | site of the old District Police Court, | man King announced he planned to Senate D. C. Group Reports Favorably On 15 Measures Jobless Compensation And Loan Interest Cut Are Acted On By DON S. WARREN. The Senate District Committee, in a lively session today, acted on a long list of District bills, reporting | favorably 15 measures, including two considered by the Commissioners to| be of extraordinary importance. | One of the important measures is the House-approved compromise | amendment of the District Unem- | ployment Compensation Act to pro- | vide for benefits for both the tax- payving employers and for the eli- gible jobless. The other one is the bill approved | by the Budget Bureau and indorsed by Federal Works Administrator John Carmody which would author- ize the Secretary of the Treasury to reduce the interest rate on the Dis- trict’s loan portion of the $18.150,000 District P. W. A. program to approx- | | imately the level at which the Dis- trict could obtain a bond refunding financing, and to reduce the period | of amortization of the debt from 25 to 15 years. ‘ Huge D. C. Saving Seen. The P. W. A. interest bill has | been reported favorab to the House and is awaiting action there. | It is estimated the District could | effect savings of between $2.000,000 | and $3,000000 if the bill is ap-i proved. while paying its debt to the Federal Government much sooner. | The Senate District Committee also reported favorably the House bill to authorize the District to ap- ply to the Public Works Adminis- tration for funds with which to build a separate building to house the office of the Recorder of Deeds, the building to be erected on the Fifth and D streets N-W. It is esti- mated the building would cost $450,- 000, of which the District would be required to repay 55 per cent. The committee deferred action on several bills but in some cases sub- committees were directed to make studies and submit reports. Chair- hold one further session of the Dis- trict Committee before the end of the present session. The committee reported favorably | the following: The Ho e-appro\{erl bill to (See DISTRICT BILLS, Page A-2) | BY the Associated Press. ‘The Government clamped restric- tions on the importations of secur= ities today in an order designed to block the sale of such wealth seized from owners in Europe’s invaded countries. Treasury officials said that they were acting to prevent “dumping” in this country’s markets of securi- ties that may have been seized from “rightful owners” in Belgium, Hol- land, Denmark, Norway and Lux- embourg. While the order did not mention Germany by name, Germany was the invader of these countries. These officials said they had no information as to whether Germany had confiscated any securities in the invaded countries or was trying to peddle them here, but decided to take precautionary measures because Holland and Belgium, particularly, were large owners of American se- curities. Effective today, the importation of securities from any foreign coun- try was prohibited unless the se- curities were submitted to & Federal \U. S. Acts to Block ‘Dumping’ Of Securities Seized by Nazis Reserve bank for examination. | Customs and posfal officials were authorized to open any packages arriving from foreign countries to | determine whether any securities were contained. Treasury officials declined to say officially what the purpose of the order was, but made it plain that they were trying to prevent the sale in this country of securities taken away from “rightful owners” in Bel- gium, Holland, Norway, Denmark’ and Luxembourg. | They said that when securities were submitted to a Federal re- serve bank for examination, officials | would try to determine whether they | belonged to governments or nation- | als of the invaded countries. | If the securities came from these | countries, they would be subject to the same stringent “freezing” order already applied to securities held in this country by governments or citi- zens of those countries. ‘The order, however, applies to se- curities from every country on the globe. No matter where they come {rom, they will have to be examined. But if the securities are found to & Law fo Allow Gun Trade-ins Being Asked Steel and Rubber Stocks to Be Acquired By Government BULLETIN. Army arsenals have been or- dered to operate where feasible on a full 24-hour basis to speed up production of munitions, it was disclosed today. Maj. Gen. Charles M. Wesson, chief of ord= nance, sent the order to comse manders of the Army's six ord- nance manufacturing arsenals. By JOHN C. HENRY. American defensive mobilization and increased aid to the hard- pressed Allied governments were ad- vanced today in several swift steps resident Roosevelt. In a press conference shortly be- fore noon, the Chief Executive dis- closed. first, that he is asking Con- gress to enact legislation authoriz- ing the “trade-in” of any type of | out-of-date American military equip- ment. By this device, already ap- plied last night in the return to the Curtiss-Wright Corp. in Buffalo of 50 modern Navy warplanes, Amer- ican manufacturers will be able to close quick sales and deliveries of surplus guns—as well as ammuni- tons and planes—to British and French or other foreign purchasers. Second was an announcement that Edward R. Stettinius, jr., member of the National Defense Commission in charge of organizing supplies of industrial materials, has been appointed head of a special committee to study the subject of consolidating Government purchas- ing. To assist Mr. Stettinius, the | President said he had asked for the appointment of Brig. Gen. C. T Harris, assistant chief of ordnance the Army; Rear Admiral Ray ear of the Navy and Donald Nel- son, newly appointed director of the Treasury Procurement Division. Reserve Stocks to Be Built Up. Third was a disclosure by Mr. Roosevelt that the Government al- ready is preparing to purchase sup- plies of scrap steel and rubber which have not already been bought up in recent vears in the careful search for these materials by foreign in- terests. As an indication of the thoroughness this pending action may have, the President said he al- ready is making note of one barn where there are two old plows, an old tractor, some rubber tires and a broken down automobile—an ap- President Indorses Editorial Backing Universal Service Implied indorsement of adop- tion of a system of compulsory military training for American citizens was given by President Roosevelt at his press confer- ence today. In response to questioning as to whether he had read a New York Times editorial of today urging this step, Mr. Roosevelt replied that he had read only the first paragraph, but that he liked it The first paragraph of the Times editorial said: “The time has come when, in the interest of self-protection, the American people should at once adopt a national system of universal compulsory military training. We say this as a newspaper which has never be- fore believed in the wisdom of such a policy in time of peace. We say it because the logic of events drives us remorselessly to this conclusion.” parent reference to his own barn at Hyde Park. In this matter of acquiring stocks of strategic materials, however, the President said he already had re- ceived a report from Mr. Stettinius, and that the necessary plans are proceeding rapidly. Concerning some items, such as rubber, tin and manganese, about which he said there had been slightly hysterical apprehension, he described the situ- | ation as well in hand. Mr. Roosevelt said he had already asked the War and Navy Depart- ments to consult William S. Knud- sen, Defense Commission member in charge of production, on the placing of all contracts. The ob- Jjective, he said, would be to place orders where they could be handled best and most expeditiously. In the early months of the World War lack of a co-ordinated buying pro- gram contributed to delay and con- fusion. The Stettinius committee study- ing the purchasing problems has been asked to make a report a: soon as possible, the President said Solicitor General Supplies Opinion. The Chief Executive devoted muck of his press conference to discussior | of both the trade-in and sale o American military equipment,. Reading from an opinion by Solicitor General Francis Biddle Mr. Roosevelt said that the Wa Department is free to sell any sur. plus supplies owned by the Gov- ernment prior to July 11, 1919, suck sale being permitted without ad. vertising for bids. Citing an ao (See SECURITIES, Page A-2.) (See DEFENSE, Page A-3.)