Evening Star Newspaper, May 13, 1940, Page 3

Daniels Will See Roosevelt and Hull On Mexican Issues Envoy Doubts Nation Is Vulnerable to Nazi Influence Josephus Daniels, American Am- bassador to Mexico, planned to con- fer with Secretary of State Hull today and later with President Roosevelt on controversies that have threatened to strain relations be- tween this country and Mexico. Arriving in Washington on vaca- tion last.night, Mr. Daniels told re- porters that Mexico is alert against any Nazi or Communist infiltration. “I do not believe Mexico is vulnerable to either Nazism or Com- munism,” he said. The Ambassador declined any comment on the dispute over Mexican expropriation of American oil properties, but indicated he would discuss this controversy with Secretary Hull, whose request for arbitration has been rejected by Mexico. Silver Bill Hardship Seen. Mr. Daniels said he believed enact- ment of the Townsend bill to abolish purchases of . foreign silver, now pending in the House after Senate passage, would work hardship on the Mexican people by throwing many Mexicans out of work. Recent talk of Nazi-Communist co-operation in Mexico started, he explained. with Mexico's welcome to about 7,000 Spanish Loyalists and the infiltration of a much lesser number of German, Austrian, Polish and other war refugees. “But,” he declared, “the Mexicans are not Communist in any apprecia- ble strength. They have a Com- munist party. They have a num- ber of radical agitators, just as we do here. But above all there are Mexicans down there intent on their own business, and determined to see that Mexico retains her national freedom and her unity with other nations in this hemisphere.” Peaceful Elections Forecast. The Ambassador said there was every expectation that Mexican elections for President July 7 would be peaceful. Already, he asserted, there have been a number of big election meetings with “very few dis- orders” and the government ex- pected the whole election to run off smoothly. Mr. Daniels will remain here until Wednesday, when he will go to| Raleigh, N. C,, to join his family in celebrating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the News-Observer, his newspaper. The celebration will fall on his birthday, May 18, Paris (Continued From First Page.) again and bringing down a total of 12 Nazi planes during the night. | ization directed toward insuring the | A War Ministry spokesman an- nounced that Edouard Daladier, member of the war cabinet and Minister of National Defense, ar- rived in Belgium yesterday. The spokesman said the French ‘War Minister, accompanied by high British and French officials, ! received by King Leopold IIT of Bel- | gium and visted outposts along the Belgian-French frontier. He also said the action in which French advance guards were back- ing up the Belgians in their fight against tremendous German thrusts in the Tongres region and the Bel- gian Ardennes was the prelude to a gigantic battle which might be ex- pected in the next day or two, when the main body of the allied forces will be in position. German Division Stopped. On the French main front, a full German division was stopped in an attack east of the Moselle River, the spokesman said. In the Ohrenthal salient of the Forbach region, French outpost forces dropped back to their first line of fortified positions when the Germans charged after heavy artillery preparations. The French and Germans also were at grips along the French-Luxembourg frontier. A French armored car unit stopped 8 German column in the Tongres region yesterday as the Germans sought to press on to the west after capturing the Dutch city of Maastricht. Tongres is 10 miles west of Masstricht. Allied planes subjected the Ger- man rear lines to a heavy bombard- ment. Courage of Troops Praised. A War Ministry communique praised “the magnificent courage” of the allied soldiers, “Everywhere our convoys of troops and war material are moving for- ward in impeccable order and with perfect regularity,” it said. British military sources reported the capture of German parachutists who succeeded in landing “very far” behind the lines. The French press called upon the population of the Paris and other regions to ward off danger from parachutists. Although authorized French cir- cles expressed an opinion that there Is no immediate likelihood of Ital- fan entry into the war, the closest watch is being kept. In regard to the Netherlands East Indies, it was said there was no thought of any attempt by the al- lies to give military protection to the rich colony of the Netherlands s0 long as Japan does not threaten. French circles said they were fa- vorably impressed by the United States’ attitude toward maintenance of the status quo there. French dispatches expressed con- fidence the German drive could be checked now that the main allied forces were entering the lines, Advance guards of the French columns which dashed into Belgium Friday immediately after the Ger- man invasion already were in con- tact with the enemy, military dis- patches said. On the French front, the Germans shifted their attack from the Vosges Mountain region to the Warndt Forest around the central Saar sec- tor, but the main lines appeared unchanged. Voluntary departure from Paris again was under way as in the first days of the war, last September. About one-third of the city’s usual population of 3,000,000 already were in the country, and many more were following. The closing hour for cafes, restau- rants and theaters in Paris was changed from midnight to 11 p.m. Developments of the last few days left no doubt that the German parachute forces who drop behind the lines have become a major factor in modern warfare. The allies’ answer to the mass A was | EVENING STAR, WASHINGTOX, LONDON.—GAS-PROOF BOX SHIELDS BABY DUTCH PRINCESS—Prince Bernhard (right), husband of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, shown arriving in London today, helps carry the gas-proof box containing their 9-month-old daughter, Princess Irene. .Woman at left is a nurse. -The Prince soon will resume duty as aide-decamp to Queen Wilhelmina. use of these gunners from the skies is the creation of vigilante units and mopup squads as a sort of | interior militia. The German daredevil exploits in Belgium and the Netherlands al- ready have convinced the allies that & counter-organization is necessary. Some observers believed that this was Adolf Hitler's vaunted “new weapon,” but all view it as the first big new element produced in the war. The parachute troops’ principal value appeared to be to create con- fusion in the interior and to seize airdromes by surprise, holding them until troop transport planes could Jand. Their use for sabotage also was recognized and the British were re- ported organizing special machine- | gun motorcycle patrols to guard the | homeland. Hull (Continued From Pirst Page) | the sorry state of a handmaiden of oppression and brute force.” ! This, he stressed, is not the fault of science itself or of scientists and should not hamper the progress of research. Rather, he said, it is the task of society itself to create con- ditions in which the achievements of science will be turned into construc- tive rather than destructive fields. “This,” he said, “is a task for all | mankind. For neithfer social organ- | greatest good for the greatest num- bers, nor the cultural and spiritual values which the overwhelming ma- | jority of mankind prizes and cher- ishes, nor science itself, can be ex- pected to survive protracted and too widespread abuse of the achieve- ments of science for anti-social and anti-moral ends.” Freedom of Thought. “Such abuse,” he continued, “in- | evitably creates conditions in which | thought is shackled—and science cannot flourish where freedom of thought does not exist. Science cannot advance when it is not permitted to extend its exploratory activities wherever the quest for truth may lead. Human progress is impossible without a strong morai and spiritual foundation. A nation | Which curbs freedom of thought or denies the dignity of the human soul dooms itself inevitably tu decadence. “Science cannot flourish when it is forced into the narrow confines of national frontiers. Its progress is founded upon a universal fel- lowship that knows no distinctions of race or creed or nationality, of class or of group. That fellowship is one of the finest and most strik- ing examples of the numerous and varied international relationships in every phase of life which have so enriched the human race—ma- terially, intellectually and spirit- ually.” Such an assembly of scientists from many lands, Secretary Hull stressed, “symbolizes the unity of purpose which actuates the Ameri- can nations preservation of peace within and without; untiring con- cern for the well-being of the indi- vidual; unshakable determination to safeguard personal freedom and to preserve the dignity of the human soul; full recognition of the great mutual benefits to be secured from fruitful relationships between gov- ernment and government, group and group, individual and indi- vidual, who, though separated by nationals frontiers, have much to |learn from each other and much to contribute to the whole of man- kind.” One Great Common Loyalty. “We deeply deplore,” he said, “that a blighting shadow of cul- tural eclipse has fallen on so many countries in other parts of the world. We are supremely fortunate that in this hemisphere thought is still free and science is still un- trammeled. It is for us to see to it that they remain so—for our own sakes and for the sake of all hu- manity. “As scientists, in your quest for truth you have one great common \loyalty—Iloyalty to the human race and to the destiny of man.” The assembling of the American Scientific Congress at this time is an event of far-reaching signi- ficance, Dr. Leo S. Rowe, director general of the Pan-American Union, said in an address of welcome. “There is a real thrill,” he said, “in the thought that while hatred, antagonism and conflict are raging in so many sections of the world the intellectual leaders of the Amer- ican republics have assembled to promate the things of the spirit and to strengthen the cultural ties that bind the nations of the Americas to one another. W Slowing Down of Progress. “The lights are growing dim in Europe and may even be extin- guished. Universities have been —_— Open Sundays, 10 to 5 P.M. PERUVIAN DELEGATE— Senora’ Anita de Alvarez- Calderon of Lima, Peru, is the only woman representing a national government at the American Scientific Congress now in session here. She will be honored at a luncheon of the People’s Mandate to End War group tomorrow at the Carlton Hotel. ~—Shelburne Photo. closed, laboratories dismantled, en- tire faculties uprooted and even placed in concentration camps. The scientific activities that still survive are directed in large part toward military and destructive ends. The damage that is being inflicted on the human spirit is beyond calcula- tion. Its full effect will be felt in the years to come in a slowing down of progress in every field of human endeavor.” “There is every indication,” he concluded, “that it is to be the proud privilege of the Americas not only | to preserve but also to carry forward to new and higher levels the con- quests of science and the achieve- ments in art, literature and music. Much has already been accom- plished and there is every indication that we are on the eve of a period of extraordinary productivity in every field of intellectual endeavor.” Following the plenary session there was a luncheon for the dele- gates at the Mayflower Hotel and this afternoon most of the scientific sections will start their meetings. Same Note Sounded. The chairman of each of the offi- cial delegations of the Latin Amer- ican republics, responding to the welcome of Secretary Hull, sounded the same note—that the New World had become overnight the custodian of the world's civilization. Dr. D. Felipe A. Espil, Ambassador from Argentina, called attention to the fact that the first World War flamed out in its greatest intensity at the opening of the last American Science Congress in Washington 25 years ago. The Western Hemisphere, he said, already has felt the impact of the present war and “no country in this hemisphere can hope to escape entirely. We should fully realize this fact. We cannot any longer indulge in the delusion that these continents are specially favored by isolation. We have been too prone to trust in isolation.” Dr. D. Enrique Finot, head of the Bolivian delegation, declared that “humanity seems to be losing faith in its destiny.” Peace and Co-operation. The congress is a striking symbol of peace and co-operation compared with the mutual antagonisms of Europe, the Brazilian delegation said in its keynote. Need for steady- ing the elements which are uniting the New World was voiced by Chile. A striking tribute of applause was given the dean of Latin American scientists, Dr. Carlos de la Torre, who spoke for the Cuban delega- tion. Ways must be found to make science go hand in hand with prog- ress rather than destruction, de- clared Dr. D. Hector David Castro, Minister of El Salvador, who re- sponded for his country. Heads of each of the delegations voiced the same feeling of the sym- bolic significance of the moment, when the best brains of the New World were gathering in the cause of world-wide humanity while the best brains in the Old World were devising means for its destruction. IT COSTS NO MORE TO PARK AT Ti CAPITAL GARAGE 5c¢ Ea. Add. Hr. EVENING RATES 6 P.M. TO MIDNITE 25¢ CAMERAS GN EASY CREDIT 1320 N. Y. AVE. Parachutists (Continued From First Page.) not be released until after the presentation takes place today. Berlin military sources said the German parachute troops were normally uniformed in one-piece, gray-green coverall suits, with baggy-ankled trousers like ski pants and high-cut black shoes instead of infantry knee boots. They were described as wearing Parachutist, Landing Near Paris, Mistaken For Boy Scout By the Associated Press. PARIS, May 13—An Amer- ican woman looked out a win- dow of her country place north of Paris and saw a sturdy young man in shorts running through the garden. She took him for a Boy Scout, she said, and thought no more about it. Then the gendarmes came and said a peasant woman had reported the landing of five parachutists. The Amerncan woman mentioned the “Boy Scout.” “Why didn’t you shoot him?" exclaimed the excited gen- darmes. “Because I didn't know it was open season on Boy Scouts,” she replied, pointing out the course the youth had taken. special helmets of lightweight metal, without the usual flanged edges, and displaying the flying eagles of the German air force as insignia on both uniforms and helmets. Premier Reynaud's assertion that the parachute troops wore foreign uniforms was declared untrue, Execution of Parachutists Not in Uniform Held Legal By the Associated Press. International law experts said to- day there was not the slightest doubt that the allies had the right to execute German parachutists if they landed in civilian clothes or uniforms not their own and were taken prisoner. | But, they said, if they landed in | their own uniforms and were taken prisoner they should be treated as prisoners of war. It was suggested by some that to deal with parachutists the allies might issue proclamations declaring all male citizens within strategic cities or at strategic points like rail- roads and canals, members of & na- tional home guard and authorizing them to shoot parachutists either as they came down or when on the ground. Under international law a person in civilian clothes who fires on in- vading troops may, if captured by the enemy, be executed. Experts here said, however, that the case was different with civilians who sought to prevent parachutists from damaging strategic points with- in their country or of occupying strategic centers. They said that on occasion para- chutists might land in the midst of civilians or at a point with civilians all about them and have to shoot their way through civilians in order to clear a path to strategic points. In this case, they said, the ordinary | laws of self-defense would permit the civilians to shoot the para- chutists even before the parachutists began to shoot at them., Some jurists said they were in- clined to think that the solution lay in not taking the parachutists prisoner unless they voluntarily sur- rendered. Nazis Fail to Get Help To Narvik, Norse Say By the Associated Press. STOCKHOLM, May 13 —The Nor- weglan telegraph agency reported from “somewhere in Norway” today that a German attempt to land troops to help the besieged garrison at Narvik failed when several trans- port ships were sunk. No details were given. “See Ets and See Better” OO DO YOU ENJOY READING? _Reading is a pleasure—un- less it results in eyestrain and a headache. If glasses are necessary, the eyes should not be forced to work without them. Have your eyes examined. ETZ Optometrists 608 13th N.W. Between F and G N.W. D. O, MONDAY, MAY 13, 1940. Princess Juliana leads her 2-year-old daughter, Beatrix, through the railway station on their arrival with Prince Bernhard. In the center background is the Earl of Harewood (British) who met them. Photos cabled from London to New York today. (Story on Page A-1.) —A. P. Wirephotos. Defense (Continued From First Page) _ believe that it (the Air Force) has been definitely and deliberately held down.” Senator Lodge asserted that the United States should be impressed by the effects of Great Britain's delay in building a large military machine and should seek promptly to build more arms and airplanes and train more men to use them. Equipment for Only 75,000. Although the Nation now has a only 75,000 men. He contended the air force did not have sufficient trained pilots and that two years would be required to build a force of 25,000 pilots. In the House Representative Bul- | winkle, Democrat, of North Caro- | lina proposed legislation to permit the allied nations to buy on credit | in this country all goods except| “arms, ammunition and implements of war,” specifically banned in neu- trality proclamations. It would alter those portions of the neutrality law and the Johnson Act which forbid credits in this country to belliger- ents or to any nation in default to the United States. But Representative Fish, Republi- can, of New York told the House: “The only thanks we received for our huge loans to our former allies | was to be called Uncle Shylock and to have all the nations repudiate these war loans except little honest Finland.” “I predict,” Representative Fish said, “increasing propaganda to re- peal or circumvent the Johnson Act in order to make new loans to the allies, which will destroy American peutramy and eventually involve us in war. Would Plug Loopholes. “Instead of weakening the John- son Act, the Congress should stop the loopholes whereby loans and credits may be extended to foreign nations by our governmental agen< cies. “The repeal of the Johnson Act would mean sending our dollars aboard, to be followed by American soldiers to foreign battlefields.” Speaker Bankhead and Repre- sentative Rayburn told reporters there was no discussion at the White House conference of any changes in the neutrality law or the Johnson Act. Some legislators, foreseeing de- mands for costly defense additions in next year's buddget, advocated that a special committee make a comprehensive survey to account for billions already spent on Army and Navy work. Senator La -Follette, Progressive, of Wisconsin dcelared himself will- ing to support any appropriation “demonstrated as necessary for our national defenses,” but said the country should receive an explana- potential army of 432,000 men, in-|tion “for the sudden claims of de- cluding the National Guard, Senator | Lodge sajd, it has equipment for| ficiency.” Army men recently had testified, he explained, to a lack of sufficient anti-aircraft batteries, anti-tank guns and similar supplies. Senator Minton, Democrat, of In- diana said a 13,000-mile inspection trip had convinced him “we don't have an army or the equipment to fit one out if we had one.” Reed Sees Attack Unlikely. Another view was expressed by Senator Reed, Republican, of Kansas, who held that the end of the Euro- pean war would find all participants 50 exhausted that likelihood of any attack on the United States would be small. The new defense proposals will have as their general guide recom- mendations previous suggested to Congress by Gen. Marshall and Brig. Gen. George V. Strong, in charge of war plans. Gen. Marshall has said that the Army required at least 15,000 more regulars to create a sixth “stream- lined” infantry division, to expand an existing mechanized cavalry unit into a full division, and permit cre- ation of a second Field Army Corps. This increase, he noted, would e ) Save money and heat your home easier, more comfort- ably. Askabout Oil-O-Matic’s economical*“MeasuredHeat.” Free heating estimate on re- Quest. COLONIAL FUEL OIL 1709 De &lu 154' N.W. WILLIAMS LOMAT] HEATING Will Holland Prove a Waterloo? Not being military experts, we can’t say. But we're confi- dent of this: If you try Marlow’s Famous Reading Anthracite the low ash hard coal—we will win a steady customer. Once you learn the real ECONOMY of this famous Anthra- cite—laundered free of impurities, it will be your coal for keeps. Place your order NOW at our lowest Spring prices. Marlow Coal Co. 811 E Street N.W. National 0311 In Business 82 Years Our Coal and Service Must Be Good WASHING SERVICE If your shades are not washable, tfley can be turned very satisfactorily. For service call RE. 6262. THE SHADE SHOP 830 13th St N.W. RE. 6262 Capital Recovers From 25-Minufe ‘Blackout’ Scare Downtown Area Darkened After Cable Explodes Near White House ‘Washington was “recovring” to- day from its biggest scare since the mythical radio invasion of the earth by the men of Mars, The scare took the form of a 25-minute “blackout” of the down- town area last night as a power cable only two blocks from the White House exploded. The Exec- utive Mansion itself was not af- fected. Hundreds of persons in hotels, movies, churches and homes found themselves staring into complete blackness. Those outside the af- fected area were without their favorite Sunday programs as three local stations went off the air, The blackout occurred at 9:31 pm. The “all clear” signal was given at approximately 9:56 p.m. Power company trouble shooters finally found the source at Eight- eenth and G streets N.W., where a manhole cover had been thrown from the street by the explosion in cables of an alternating cur- rent system. Here are a few occurrences that set Washingtonians’ Sunday evening routine on its ear: Candles made their appearance at the Mayflower Hotel, where a large banquet of the Washington Hebrew Congregation Brotherhood was in progress. One hundred and fifty-five guests at a wedding reception in the Am- bassador Hotel carried on, using candles already set in place for the | ceremonies. | Light failure at the Trans-Lux — pand the Army to 242,000 men. The | authorized peacetime strength is| 280,000, “Critical” Items Sought. The Army’s “great objective,"i Gen. Marshall reported to the | House, is to procure a reserve of | “critical” items of equipment for | & force of a million men. Gen. Strong has said that the | “initial protective force,” made up of the Regulars and 235000 Na- tional Guardsmen, was shy arms and equipment costing $500,000,000. Both officers have emphasized | the belief that the Army must hage | fully equipped units of substantial | size ready to speed to the Panama | Canal or any other threatened point in the Americas on'short notice. Revised erquirements of the Navy are to be surveyed at an inquiry | opening tomorrow in the House | Naval Committee. Despite the spectacular exploits | of air forces in Europe, Congress | has heard no hints of plans to ex- pand the Army Air Corps beyond the addition of 200 long-range, four- motor bombers especially adapted to distant missions. A more imme- diate need is considered to be en- gineer and other auxiliary troops | which serve with air forces. ¥ —_— | Theater interrupted a particularly gripping newsreel picture of war in Eur ope. ‘The National Women’s Conference on Unemployment meeting in the Roger Smith Hotel temporarily stopped its selection of a “Miss De- pression” until lights were restored. The area blacked out, according to power company officials, was bound- ed approximately by = Thirteenth street on the east, Twentieth street on the west, N street on the north, and south to Pennsylvania avenue. Police reported no casualties, ale though traffic was slowed down with the failure of traffic lights. Gen. Arnold Ends Tour To Return to Capital Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, chief of the Army Air Corps, today in- terrupted a scheduled two-week inspection of Canal Zone defenses in the Caribbean area to rush back to Washington. The Air Corps chief left San Juan, Puerto Rico, by plane for Miami and Washington and is expected to arrive here tonight, three days ahead of schedule. Although no official explanation for the changed plans was given in the War Department, it is un- derstood latest developments in the European War coupled with the fact that Congress may need tes- timony from him on the latest defense appropriations caused Gen, Arnold to return hurriedly to the Capital. Red Cross Man Unable To Get Out of German By the Associated Press. s GENEVA, May 13—Wayne C. Taylor, American Red Cross repre- sentative in Europe, telegraphed his office today that he had been forced to return to Berlin after setting out for Geneva. The German consulate here said that it was probably due to the use of pracuiall_v all German railway equipment by the army. A ship calling at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, recently carried nearly 750 tourists. 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