Evening Star Newspaper, February 8, 1940, Page 3

. ment of independent armored col- _New Methods Slow To Appear in War, Says Maj. Eliot Weapons Also Are Little Advanced Over Those In Last Conflict By MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT. In one respect this war is running true to historical form, and that is in the slowness with which new weapons, new tactical methods, are making their appearance. In 1914, the airplane had already had sev- eral years of development, all armies contained embryo air forces, yet the campaign of 1914 was fought out al- “most without benefit of military aviation, a few reconnaissance flights were made, but with little ef- fect on the conduct of operations. At the close of the year, despite the available and known experience | of the South Africa, Russo-Japanese and Balkan Wars, it was still pos- sible for British officers to doubt the “advisability of increasing the scale of machine gun establishment (two to a battalion) with which the war had begun, and even the Germans, clearer-visioned in this respect, ap- parently did not foresee the full pos- sibilities of automatic firearms. Chemical warfare, foreshadowed by “horror” writers for many years, had not yet made its appearance on the battlefield. Armored cars were being used in small numbers and in a spirit and With military results savoring strongly of the futilities of knight-errantry, but the tank was | still two campaigns in the future. Infantry Used Old Guns. Very largely, as 1914 came to its end, the war was being fought by | infantrymen armed with the bolt- | action repeating rifles which had been standard for year in all armies, and by artillerymen with field guns of models dating back to the §0s. » At sea there had been equally little, perhaps even less, in the way of innovation. The early successes of the German submarines had been somewhat of a shock to the British admiralty’s usual cheerful | complacency at a war's outset, but they can hardly be described as a | < surprise; nor were they being used | on the scale which later developed. | Effective anti-submarine devices were still not in use. Naval avia- tion was no better developed than | military. The chief advance upon the naval methods of the Russo- Japanese war was the use of radio. THE EVENING THE NETHERLANDS.—SHIPS IN ICE CALL FOR HELP—The ice-breaker Friesland trapped in the ice field in the Zuider Zee between the Isles of Urk and Elbur the Ijsell, also were marooned in the ice. The Friesland was wrecked under the enormous pres- sure. TAR, WASHINGTON g.. Two others, the Holland and Roosevelt-Garner Confest in lllinois Is Possible Vice President’s Backers To Decide in Few Days On Primary Race By the Associated Press. A contest between the forces of President Roosevelt and Vice Presi- dent Garner for the backing of Illi- nois Democrats became a possibility today when friends of Mr. Garner disclosed he might enter the State’s preferential primary on April 9. Mr. Roosevelt's name already has been put into the race for Illinois convention delegates by leaders of | | the State Democratic organization. | The Chief Executive has given no indication of approval or disap- proval, Garner supporters said a decision would be reached in a few days, al- though they described the situation as “very much up in the air.” The Vice President's managers have | been following the general policy of seeking ‘delegates in States without | “favorite son” candidates for the presidential nomination. On the Republican side, the cam- paign manager of Thomas E. Dewey expressed regret that Senator Taft, Republican. of Ohio. had decided against filing in Illinois. Mr. Dewey | is the only Republican entered in the State so far. and his backers have: challenged all other aspirants | to follow suit. Lacks Time for Campaign. Sen::tor Taft described the Illi- nois primary as “merely advisory because its action does not bind del- egates, and said he lacked the time | and France of | war tides against the Soviet Union. D. C, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1940. Europe’s Blackouts Boost U. S. Exports Of Light Batteries By the Associated Press. The old adage about the “ill wind” which doesn’t do some’| one a little good works even on the nightly blackouts in .war- ring European nations. The Commerce Department said today that exports of American flashlight batteries increased from $1975841 in 1938 to $3,379.608 in 1939, which was two-thirds * over: when the war began. Soviefs fo Continue War Till Mannerheim Line Is "Smashed’ Admiral Tributz, Baltic Commander, States Aims In Bestowing Awards By the Associated Press. MOSCOW, Feb. 8—The Soviet Union is determined to continue its | offensive against Finland until the Finnish forces holding the Manner- heim Line are annihilated, according to Admiral Tributz, commander of | the Soviet Navy in the Baltic Sea. ‘The admiral’s pledge of continued war was made yesterday in connec- tion with the bestowal of decorations on 255 maval officers and men “for exemplary fulfillment of tasks on the front against the white Finns.” The Communist newspaper Pravda at the same time accused Britain riving to turn the “But plans for utilizing Finland Sovief League Expert Ordered Ouf by Swiss B the Associated Press. BERNE, Feb. 8.—Switzerland to- day ordered Soviet Russia’s League of Nations expert, Vladimir Soko- line, to leave the country within | two weeks, | . The order was issued by both the Swiss federal and Geneva contonal governments, rejecting Moscow’s ex- planation for wanting to keep So- koline in Switzerland. Sokoline was dismissed as an un- dersecretary of the League of Na- | tions after Soviet Russia’s expul- | sion and Moscow had tried to ob- | tain authorization for him to re-| main in Geneva as “liaison officer” | to the International Red Cross Com- mittee. League experts, busily co-ordinat- | ing League members’ aid to Fin- | land, have made no secret of their | displeasure at having a trained So- | viet observer remaining in Geneva. | The International Red Cross Committee, which appealed to Rus- | sia during the Polish campaign and | since the Soviet invasion of Fin- | land without reply, found Sokoline had no authorization to confer with it despite his new title. Accordingly, Geneva contonal au- 1 thorities and the federal govern- | ment, which has no relations with Russia, asked Sokoline to leave. He | said he had no comment to make | and was awaiting instructions from | Moscow. | | Speeding up divorce trials in Lon- | don has reduced the number of | waiting suits from 2,600 to 500. i l R Quality MATERIALS Neither on land nor sea did either side attempt a real “surprise by weapons,” one of the most devastat- | ing forms of tactical surprise in the pages of imaginative fiction writers portraying the wars of the future, | one of the rarest in actual military | history, save in the wars of civilized peoples against savages. The Ger- | mans with their gas at Yypres, the | British with their tanks on the Somme, both had opportunities later to effect such a surprise. | Neither did so; that is, neither em ployed and followed up their new weapon on a scale which might | have produced a decision. Usually the military mind lacks confidence in innovations, seeks always to test <hem out on a small scale before trying them in a larger way, and thus loses whatever surprise value | they may have. The development of new weapons has thus usually been a matter of slow trial and error rather than sudden change; and it may be said that a new war tends to begin, in the matter of armament and tactical method, where the last one left off. | Much Technical Development. | There has been an unusual amount of technical development intervening between this war and the last. with some opportunity for | battlefield tests in Ethiopia, Spain and China. Air forces have, in the technical sense, moved forward very rapidly. The development of mech- | anized weapons has had a consider- | able effect on the organization of ground forces. Perhaps the great- est single advance in land warfare has been the co-ordination of the air arms with ground troops, a Co- ordination now apparently a sine qua non for success on the offensive, foreshadowed in Spain, exemplified by the Germans in Poland. But all this was pretty well known sbefore this war broke out. So far there have been no real surprises. Bo far as is known, chemical agents (except smoke) have not been used at all. The vulnerability of tanks to accurate fire of properly concealed anti-tank weapons has been empha- Bized in Finland as it was in Spain. The Spanish lesson that against well organized resistance bombing | missions require a fighter escort is | being re-emphasized along the coasts | of the North Sea. No new and start- ling anti-submarine devices have made their appearances as far as can be ascertained. The accuracy | of air bombing does not suggest that | any belligerent has developed a | bomb sight comparable in efficiency to that of our own services, which | may prove indeed a surprise to the enemy in any war in which this country may in the near future be- | come engaged. | New Anti-Aircraft Methods, In the field of anti-aircraft de-| tection and fire control new meth- ods are probably being developed, but not a great deal is known| about them as yet, and they do not | appear so far to possess revolu-| tionary characteristics. The Ger-| mans showed a tendency toward | bold and indeed reckless employ- umns in Poland, but there is noth- | ing to show that under less favor-/ able conditions such methods could | hope for the same degree of suc- cess. | All armies contain a far higher proportion of automatic firearms than in 1914, but the problem of Ammunition supply on the battle- field awaits the solutions of experi- ence. As sea the magnetic mine, so exploited by headline-hungry news- papers, does not appear to embody revolutionary principles. There is a possibility that the Germans may have a torpedo of unusual type, perhaps using a magnetic princi- ple conducive to greater accuracy. The repeated reports that torpe- doed merchant ships have {broken in two” suggests that this torpedo | may be set to run at a depth some- wiat greater than the estimated draft of the target and may be de- flected upward by a magnetic device s0 that explosion occurs in contac with the ship’s keel. The mos notable innovation in the fight with the Graf Spee was the tactical “Use of smoke by the British, long a | feature of the maneuvers of all| navies. The “Sunday supplement” weap- ons—death rays, bacterial bombs, mew and terrible gases, and so on— | izing the Secretary of the Interior | Members of a crew cutting an appeal for help the ice to att | . - act flyers.—Wide World Photos. | have failed to make their appear- ance. Meanwhile, in Finland there is being demonstrated all over again Reorganization Plans the workd War sy . May Be Divided Into training and leadership in war, that ! infantry remains the decisive arm, Two More orders : that the pouring in of fresh num- bers once an attack has Jost its| momentum only results in fresh| casualties, and yet that decisive re- | sults are only to be obtained by a well-handled and well-co-ordinated | offensive, even though it be limited | in scope. i If and as this war continues, in Finland. on the western front, at sea, in fresh theaters of operations perhaps. it will certainly see the development of new weapons and methods. But it seems little likely either that these will upset the old principles, or that they will appear so suddenly as to be overwhelming in effect. Rather does it seem prob- able that now, as in the past, they will come slowly into use as a result of experimentation, of the method First Proposal Due To Go to Congress in Week or 10 Days Separation of further govern- mental reorganization plans into at least two additional orders, by which the expected congressional opposi- tion to specific transfer proposals would thus be spread out rather than concentrated on a single order, was definitely indicated today. Submission to Congress of the first of the forthcoming plans in the next week or 10 days was predicted yes- of trial and error so appealing t0 (ergay afternoon by Chairman the cautious military mind. It|Gochran of the Select House Com- should not be forgotten that when|pjitee on Reorganization after a the fate of a nation may hang on| onference with President Roosevelt Park nghts of Way Bill Passed by House By the Associated Press. The House approved and sent to| the Senate yesterday a bill author- to issue revocable permits for right.si of way across the Blue Ridge Park- way in Virginia and North Carolina. | Such permits would be issued to owners or lessees of adjoinng land. | Immediate An Models 17th CAFETERIA One block west of the White House 724 17th ST. N.W. Excellent f Vegetables always fresh Prices Within the Budget of All a decision, it is well that such de-| ¢ the White House cision be approached In no spirit| ® Remarking later that both inter | of reckless innovation or overconfi- | ;.4 intra-departmental revisions , Copyright. 1940, by New York Tribune, Inc. Cochran made it clear that the divi- 5 sion of orders is being favored as a A. F_ L charges l_ewls ‘drnce for discouraging a concentra- BI k d I. b P “There is always opposition to any 0CKed Labor Feace proposal for revising a departmental set-up,” Mr. Cochran said. “That is MIAMI, Fla, Feb. 8.—The Amer- ) .4\ : 7 5 7 PR | p an order with all the con- ican: Federation of Labor today di-| {:,versial items.” rectly charged John L. Lewis. C. 1. O. | By the terms of the reorganiza- g::,‘:ie‘nh: R";g:;‘x‘it“‘[’:sn::& “;t;d come effective unless rejected by ! ~|both branches of the Congress lic what each of the two labor fac- | within 60 days of their promulga-’ sponsibility for failure to resume | Ajready in the open is a bitter | peace negotiations * * * shall be| fight over the suggested transfer of | placed where it properly belongs.” | the Forest Service from the Agri- dent, charged Lewis with failure| Other shifts likewise are expected to | to continue peace negotiations, and | arouse some controversy, but the declared that the A. F. of L. had | Forest Service dispute might be of | harmonious settlement of the long| the others, to precipitate a rejec- and bitter dispute between the two | tion. organizations. | In his second reorganization mes- lowing telegram he said had been | president Roosevelt said he was dxs“patched to the White House: | considering a merger of Govern- The Executive Council of the|ment map-making functions, a meeting in Miami, respectfully re-| jties from the Labor to the Justice ! quests_thet you (nake public the | Department, and other overlapping | answers made by the American | jurisdictions of the Agriculture and | | Interior Departments. | O. to your appeal that peace nego-| Secretary of Interior Ickes and Hauons E"ieza‘;x!%ounm feels ag| BUdECt Director Harold D. Smith | oup to the White House confer- information should be given to labor Ef,ce"vesterday_ ! and to the people of our Nation so E = that responsibility for failure to re- | quested, shall be placed where it properly belongs.” A LENTEN TREAT AT HOGATE'S . .. a happy change from| Their nat- | ural tenderness and delicious | flavor are enhanced by Ho-| pared them in a variety of taste-tempting ways. Shrimp Norfolk—Shrimp a la New- steamed and spiced; and, of course, our usual, generous portions. DINNER ENTREES from 60c Phone REpublic 3013 for Party Reservations Washington’s Largest Seafood Restaurant Unrestricted Parking dence in untried means. are under contemplation, Mr. | tion of opposition By the Associated Press. one reason why we don't want to chieftain, with blocking peace be-| {ion jaw, the President’s orders be- tions had agreed to do “so that re-| ¢jon. p William Green, federation presi- | culture to the Interior Department. | always been willing to work toward | sufficient magnitude, combined with | Mr. Green made public the fol-|sage, sent to Congress last May, American Federation of Labor, now | transfer of deportation responsibil- | Federation of Labor and the C. IL| _ accompanied Chairman Cochran’s a matter of simple justice that this sume peace negotiations, as you re- | | usual sea foods. gate Chefs who have pre- burg—Shrimp Saute—| LUNCHEON SPECIALS, 50c | 7 HOGATE'S| 9th and Maine Avenue S.W. | Robert S. Jacobs. representative for League Group Surveys Non-Member Co-operalion‘ By the Associated Press. | THE HAGUE, Feb. 8—A League | of Nations committee explored to-| day in a second session methods for | enlisting the co-operation of non- member nations in the League’s | economic and social work | It is proposed to establish a semi- | independent central committee for co-ordinating the League’s non- political activities, with the object of bringing in outsiders The United States, Brazil, Ttaly and Japan are considered prime prospects for invitations to appoint representatives to such a committee, provided they indicate a willing- | ness to accept | Such a central committee, when | formed, would decide whether to put out feelers for German and Soviet Russian co-operation. The 10-nation organizing com- mittee, meeting in the International Peace Palace, hoped to name today at least some of the 14 member | nations with which it will form a central committee. Davenport Heads Evening Star Club David H. Davenport, a member of the advertising staff of The Star for 20 vears. has been elected presi- | dent of The Evening Star Club, suc- ceeding Dr. A. W Shea, head of The Star’s dental clinic. Also elected were W. W. Millan, vice president; Ralph Seebold, sec- | retar William Watts, treasurer; the business office; Walter J. Gr representative of the composing room, day side; Hubert A. Thebo, representative for the composing room, night side; John H. Cassady, representative for the news depart- ment; John J. Baum, representative for the press room, and Norman J. Miller, representative for the circu- laiion departmen gs. OF USED PIANOS Worch _ Howard Meldorf _ Frederick __ Kimball Cable G Sons Huntington Webster ___— Behning - Weser Kimball __- Gulbransen Knabe Cable-Nelson Chickering - Knabe Steinway - Republic 1590 PIANO SHOP 1015 7th Street OPEN EVENINGS to make an adequate campaign there. He said he would decide in about a week whether to contest against Mr. Dewey and Senator Vandenberg. Republican, of Mich- igan. in Wisconsin All three of these men were either | on their way or preparing to leave for the West to take part in Re- publican Lincoln Day celebrations. Mr. Dewey is en route to Portland Oreg, for a speech Monday. and Senator Vandenberg will speak in St. Paul Saturday night. Senator Taft talked last night at Martins- burg, W. Va. expressing opposition to price control and “over-regula- tion” of farmers. His Lincoln Day speech will be given Monday at Greenshoro, N. C Senator Bridges, Republican, of New Hampshire, another presiden- tial candidate who has traveled as extensively as Senator Taft, warms up tomorrow night in Muncie, Ind., before speaking at Oklahoma City. Vandenberg to Go to Chicago. Senator Vandenberg will stop in Chicago Saturday night to meet some of his supporters. He said a Wisconsin delegation. headed by Lt Gov. Walter S. Goodland, who tops the Senator’s slate of 24 delegates entered in the State primary. would meet his train at Milwaukee. Asserting the Vandenberg-for- President organization in Michigan had been active in his behalf in 20 States. the Senator said he knew of no other State primaries besides Wisconsin where his name might be entered. He emphasized group was acting responsibility.” Senator Robert M. La Follette | comes up for renomination this | year. While no major opposition has arisen within the Progressive | party, he may have a hot race for re-election if the Republicans main- tain their 1938 strength in Wiscon- sin. Democratic totals in the State slumped in that election. ‘While the Republican speaking campaign was gathering momentum, officials at national headquarters here gave strong indications that Chicago would get the party conven- tion if it put up some money. Spec- ulation over the date was centering on June 18. The G. O. P. National Committee meets here next Friday There was talk that the Demo- cratic convention. which will meet in Chicago probably a week or two after the Republican gathering, | might be presided over by Senator | Barkley of Kentucky, the majority | floor leader. Mentioned as possible keynote speakers were Attorney the “on Michigan its own FOR YOUR | as a base for military intervention | against the Soviet Union shall be | crushed by Red Army blows,” the | ne aper declared. Soviet armed forces are capable of meeting any enemy on land, air, water or under water. “In fierce battles at Changkufeng, Mongolia, in the Western Ukraine and in Finland the Red Army has covered with glory the military might of the U. 8. S. R.” The Pravda article was in advance of the Army and Navy's 22d an- niversary celebration February 23. Three Remain in RiTce For 'Miss Secrefary’ Three girl students were voted finalists for the title of “Miss Wash- ington School for Secretaries” in preliminaries yesterday in the Na- tional Press Club auditorium. Forty-two contestants vied for final judging honors. Students of the secretarial school voted on two ballots. inated all but 10. Fulton Lewis, jr. radio commen- tator, then put them through a searching quiz, asking questions on history, geography, literature, civic affairs and current affairs. Finalists are Ida Jeanne Dagger. a Phi Beta Kappa graduate from Denison University, Granville, Ohio; Josephine S. Jenkins of Crewe, Va.,| graduate of William and Mary Col- lege, and Mona Barbara Quell, a graduate of Lawrence College, Ap- pelton, Wis. Final judging will be held at an undecided date next week. The winner will be presented with a minature gold typewriter at the school's Valentine dance February 16 at the Carlton Hotel. Silver Shirt Chief Says |D. C. Has No Legion The Silver Shirt Legion has no organization in Washington, William W. Pelley, its chief. told the House Committee on Un-American Activ- ities today. The legion, however, Mr. Pelley said, has organizations in 22 States. Acting Chairman Starnes asked the Silver Shirt leader particularly about Washington in view of recent reports that the organization had a number of members here. 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