Evening Star Newspaper, October 13, 1936, Page 10

—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SDAY __ - ¢ ----Oclober 13, 1936 a Ave. Yt Office: 1i0 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building, Buropean Office: 14 Rerent St., London. Ensiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. 60c per month 5¢ per month --5¢ per copy 0c per month rhi iRy ¥ month k! - 5¢ De: Collection made at the end of each month. 8;:! 5510107 be sent by mail or telephone Na- Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. All Other States fly and Sunday...1 aily only_ . unday only_. Member of the Associated Press. Peace in Palestine. After six months of strife and terrorism resultant from Arab-Jewish antagonisms, peace has descended upon Palestine. The general strike proclaimed by the Arab High Committee last April as a protest against Jewish immigration under pro- tection of the British mandate has been called off. Arabs throughout the coun- try are returning to mercantile, agricul- tural and industrial pursuits, and the disorders that so long immersed the eountry in turmoil and sanguinary racial controversy have ceased. Tension per- sists, as is inevitable after so protracted @ period of passionate conflict, but on all sides there is rejoicing that concilia- tion has at length prevailed and laid the foundation for an enduring under- standing. The Arab Committee, decry- ing further violence, awaits with hopeful confidence the coming of a British royal commission which is to look into Arab claims. These concern not only immi- gration, but sale of land to Jews. Economic self-interest no doubt played & potent part in convincing the Arabs of the foolhardiness of prolonged paraly- sis of Palestine’s commercial life. But the arrival of a force of 15,000 British troops and appointment of a major gen- eral as supreme administrator of the mandated territory were factors that must have carried persuasiveness, too. They reflected Britain's determination to live up fully to her mandatory obliga- tions as guarantor of the Jewish na- tional home, It was not even necessary to enforce a threat to establish martial law. Another development that induced the militant elements to return to pacific paths was an appeal from four leading Arab rulers. While assuring their Pal- estinian brethren of complete and con- tinuing sympathy with their grievances, King Ibn Saud epitomized the views of the Arab kings when he pointed out that further struggle against superior British power would be futile and end only in disaster for “the entire Arab world.” Having contrived to demon- strate to the Moslem masses that the intervention of the Arab kings had been spiccessfully invoked, Haj Amin El Hus- seini, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and chief of the High Committee, decided to stack arms, Thus, for the immediate future at least, a situation bristling with gravest possibilities, not short of the danger of a holy war in the Near East, has been reconciled. One more conflict that con- tained the seeds of international com- plications has been “localized,” as were the Italo-Ethiopian campaign and the still raging revolution in Spain. British prestige in the Mediterranean area, sadly impaired by Mussolini's challenge, emerges considerably enhanced. Con- ditions in Palestine again are favorable for Jewish immigration from European zones of oppression, From every stand- point, restoration of peace in the Holy Land is & beneficent consummation. - . — e Tt was back in the early horse and buggy days when the most prominent anarchist in America was a man known to print as Herr Most. He was not an example of courage. He was a safety firster from the heart and it required 8 little research to drag him out of his place of hiding under a bed. As & town builder Professor Tugwell Wwill provide a certain amount of unfin- Ished business for any administration. The President’s Theories. President Roosevelt's economic theories sometimes are positively weird in char- acter. At Omaha, especially, he cast discretion to the winds; his speech was & melange of suppositions and guesses, dubious premises and faulty conclusions, For example, he applied to both the agrarian and the urban populations a single measuring stick—namely, per- centage of national income. Yet the farmer’s wealth cannot be reckoned in terms of money alone. He has his land, his facilities for supplying his own food and fuel, his independence of the gen- eral labor market, all of which afford him a distinct advantage over his city- dwelling brother. But Mr, Roosevelt did not stop with that inferential appeal to class con- sclousness. He hurried on to claim that the farm problem “is a problem for the Nation as & whole” and “that is the way we attacked it. * * * The money we have used for the restoration of American agriculture has been an investment in the restoration of American industry, an underwriting for the wages of American labor, a'stimulus for profits in American business.” Apparently, it did not occur to him to explain where the money came from or how seventy-five per cent of the people can be made prosperous by Fed- eral endowment of twenty-five per cent of the people. The President also forgot 3 D THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1936. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. that it was A. A. A. checks with which “we raised the farmers’ net annual in- come by $3,500,000,000.” No normal im- provement has occurred. The gain about which Mr. Roosevelt boasted was a Gov- ernment “hand-out”—nothing more and nothing less than payment for work not done, crops not harvested, idleness and famine artificially created. He said “re- covery” had been achieved by this device unlawfully contrived and illegally man- aged. And he insisted that the scheme was “a policy run by farmers.” Secre- tary Wallace and Rexford Tugwell, sup- posedly, had nothing to do with it. ‘The President, however, demanded “in- creasing comu}nptlon." “If every family in the United States had enough money to live on, a class A diet,” he insisted, “we would neeq foodstuffs from forty- five million acres more than we are using today.” Probably Mr. Roosevelt forgot about “plowing under” at the moment when he was expressing that thought, Otherwise he might have of- fered some theory to obscure the fact that his doctrine of higher prices for the farmers has meant restricted menus for the farmers’ customers. But the President capped his climax with the statement that “the ultimate interests of the farmer and the con- sumer are the same.” He added: “I seek to increase purchasing power so that people can pay for more and better food and in turn provide a larger and larger domestic market for the farmer.” Log- ically, then, his goal is to make the city population a convenience for the agra- rian population. The implications of the doctrine are marvelous. Indeed, the only thing that is wrong about it is that no minority anywhere can carry a majority very far or very long. Mr. Roosevelt proposes an inverted pyramid. And he should have been the first to recognize it as such, Mr. Roberts’ Resignation. It must be a matter of considerable satisfaction to Mr. Roberts, the people’s counsel, to note the sentiments of real regret from the spokesmen of citizens’ associations which have followed the an- nouncement of his resignation. Mr. Roberts has so thoroughly identified himself with the job, in its broader meaning, of. “people’s counsel” that he will be missed at the District Building. His activities have not been confined to the role originally contemplated for the people’s counsel under the statute creating the position, as he has taken every opportunity to champion, in addi- tion to matters relating to utilities regu- lation, what he regarded as the best interests of the community. His own conception of his responsibilities tended to overburden him with work. His resignation has brought the im- mediate proposal from Commissioner Hazen that the job be abolished and its duties, before the Utilities Commission, be merged with those now performed by the corporation counsel through a dele- gated assistant. If we are to regard the Public Utilities Commission as a quasi- Judicial body, sitting in judgment between conflicting interests, there is continued need for an alert and able people’s counsel who will present and argue the side of the patrons of the utilities. It was that view of the Public Utilities Commis- sion that brought about creation of the office of people’s counsel. Mr. Roberts himself demonstrated the value of the position. ‘i But if we are to return to the original conception of the Public Utilities Com- mission as an agency for the regulation of the utilities in the public interest, comparable to the role of the Interstate Commerce Commission in regulation of railroads and interstate bus and truck transportation, then the duties of the people’s counsel tend to duplicate those of the commission itself and of its own counsel. ‘There is no doubt that the value of the people’s counsel has been demonstrated in the past and there will be opportuni- ties in the future. The value of the posi- tion lies, after all, in the qualifications of the man who fills it. —————————— Jersey City has become so strong in politics and finance that as great events develop New York is regarded almost as an innocent bystander. R Mark Hopkins Centenary. The Mark Hopkins Centenary at Williams College ended yesterday with the announcement that Samuel Hopkins, New York cotton merchant and cousin of the famous educator, had left bequests in amount of two million four hundred thousand dollars for the endowment of teaching at the institution now headed by Dr. Tyler Dennett. Still other gifts, it is hoped, will be offered to the end that the school may survive in the face of forces of regimentation recognized to be sweeping the world. Mark Hopkins in himself personified the philosophy of individual responsi- bility. When President James A. Gar- fleld said that his ideal of a college would be fully met by a log in the woods with a student at one end and the master at the other, the services of the latter were summarized for all time. He believed that the business of the human race is to elevate its own culfural and spiritual character. Systems, in his judgment, were useful only to the extent and degree that they prompted people to the performance of duty. “Man’s highest good,” he taught, “lies in the harmonious co-operation of all his powers * * * to love God and his fellows.” He gave more than sixty years of his life to Williams in behalf of his faith, And it is good to know that the fruits of his labors are not to be surrendered without & struggle. Dr. Dennett, it seems, might be Mark Hopkins in a second in- carnation when he throws down the challenge: “It may well be that some day Williams College will be merely number umpty-ump in the file of a Federal De- partment of Education, an obscure school in a regimented system of instruction. May God avert that day!” So definite and forthright & position must be assumed 1f students of the future are to cultivate, under academic freedom, “their own in- tellectual and moral integrity.” Samuel & Hopkins gave his wealth to that purpose, and the entire Nation should be grateful for the example which his kinsman set and which he has followed. ‘The centenary of Mark Hopkins’ presi- dency, therefore, passes into history as a useful occasion. It has attracted atten- tion because it put Williams on record as one school in the United States where there will be resistance to any effort to reduce American culture to a dead level of uniform mediocrity. No Remedy at Court. ‘The Supreme Court’s refusal to review the action of the lower courts in dis- missing a sult instituted in an attempt to test the so-called “marriage clause” will presumably end any further effort to remove an unpopular relic of the economy act through appeal to the courts, The proper source of remedy is Con- gress, not the courts, And the effort to annul the marriage clause will probably accomplish more through emphasis of the fact that the marriage clause, like the appogtionment of offices law, is con- tradictory to the principles and the spirit of the merit system and in behalf of the merit system should be wiped out. The proper conception of fitness for a position in the Federal service is the merit of the individual, without consid- erations of race, religion, place of resi- dence or marital status. The marriage clause was founded on a conception of Federal service as an economic privilege to be as widely distributed as possible, If a curtailment of funds in a Federal establishment demands the release of some workers, the workers to be re- tained should be selected on the basis of individual merit and ability to do the work. When other considerations, such as marital status, come into the plcture the whole merit system principle is weakened. . ‘When the position of undersecretary was created for Prof. Tugwell’s benefit the title may have sounded to Prof. Wallace a little like that of “understudy,” & functionary whose natural aspirations are to supersede a star. ————eee Austria now claims to have an undis- puted dictator. A dictator usually means a little less trouble for the presemt with possibllities of a great deal more for the future, ————— As the time for campaigning shortens, orators aye liable to be confronted by a situation which conveys the impression that everything of possible importance has been said. —_———————— ‘Wagner's music is advancing in Ameri- can popularity. A Wagner libretto be- comes more and more agreeable as it holds to entertaining myths without efforts to go as far back as the swastika. ——— e Ponzi is at liberty, but not dangerous. Almost every possible advantage to be obtaiged by financial intricacy is being discussed by able orators. —_———— Europe continues to invite American tourists to make haste before riots spoil some of the best articles. Shooting Stars, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Extremes, Now comes the kind, persuasive friend, Whose glad assurances extend To faith complete in all we do, With golden promises in view. We greet the future with a smile Yet fear that in a little while We'll modify our thought of bliss; Life cannot be as fair as This. Then comes the friend of cheerless mind, ‘Who tells us life’s a daily grind Through which we seek, ‘mid discontent, To pay the taxes and the rent! ® When men assembled in a crowd Must face the sneering of the proud, ‘While all the world grows stale and flat; Life cahnot be as bad as That. Publicity. “Were you ever in jail?” asked the constituent. “No, sir!” shouted Senator Sorghum. “How dare you ask such a question?” “I'm sorry I spoke. But fame is fickle and going to jail is the only way I know of to be sure of getting your picture in the paper with unlimited space.” Nest. “With robins nesting in its hair,” A tree is- fair; But hair is hard, I wish to state, To cultivate. You have to keep it nice and neat With care complete. Nest eggs grown old, small good will do As & shampoo. I'm glad that robin climbed & tree Instead of me. Expert Opinion. “We farmers need more encourage- ment,” said Farmer Corntossel, “not only for our own sakes, but for the sake of the tired business man.” “Who tells you this?” “My boy Josh. He says the Broadway shows were bstter when the country was turnin’ out ‘more big butter-and-egg men.” “All men at some time must be honest,” ssid Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “otherwise there could be no division of the profits of evil.” Collection. “My hat I won't throw in the ring,” I heard the politician sing. ‘With patriotism most profound, I take that hat and pass it ‘round. Rustling of paper there will join ~ The jingle of bright silver coin. I keep my hat; its contents fair Qut in the ring I place with care. ‘Sometimes & sinner,” said Uncle Eben, “tells Satan to get behind him and Satan obeys right off becsuse he doesn’ want to let de gemman out. of his sight.” John Doe Borrows $14,000 And Does Some Figuring To the Editor of The Star: Let us build up a private citizen’s case parallel to and around the same New Deal brain trust reasoning set forth by Mr. D. A. Edwards in your October 9 issue. John Doe borrows $14,000. He has many friends, among them some with the ability to repay a loan and some with only a very doubtful ability to repay one. To these friends, including both classes, he lends $6,000 of his borrowed money. Mr. Doe then proceeds to pur- chase a flashy, powerful $2,000 car. ‘We will grant that he needed a car, but one costing $800 would take him over the roads that his new car travels and in addition would take him over Mmany that he would not want to take his expensive car over. His old yearly fuel oil contract for his factory expires, so he purchases enough oil to fill a little over half full his tanks that hold a year's supply. Our foxy Mr. Doe now proceeds to fill his tanks the balance of the way with water, thereby saving (?) $2,000 that would have been neces- sary to spend for oil to do the same filling with, His son, now in grade school, will graduate from college in 1945, at which time Mr. Doe has promised him a check for $1,500. Being a far-sighted man, he has purchased an endowment policy to mature in 1945 with which to pay the promise. However, the son now decides that he needs the $1,500 at once, S0 dad writes a check for it and gives it to him. He now has due him from his friends $6.000, he owns a big car that he paid $2.000 for, he has saved (?) $2,000 on his fuel oil and he has given away $1.500 that he did not count on paying out of his ready cash at this time. He next applies Mr, Edwards’ theories and arith- metic, subtracts $11,500 from $14,000 and gets $3,500 (not $2,500) and decides that this is all that he spent. that the $11.500 does not count, or should not be men- tioned. Mr. Doe pays off the net difference in four years (maybe), but what about the remaining $11,500? Judging from the past three years, he will not pay off even the net difference in the next four years, but will borrow more money. C. E. SHEETZ, Prosperity for Farmers And for Other Classes To the Editor of The Star: Is the issue before the voters in the coming election a matter involving only the farmer and the present administra- tion? It seems to me that the New Deal is laying a great deal of stress on the farmer problem and passing up one of the most important factors that would bring prosperity and tranquillity to all of the people, and in order that I may bring these questions to a clarified un- derstanding I, in my humble way, shall answer them and will endeavor to cover the vital importance of the welfare of the country as a whole. Would it not be better for the New Dealers, or for that matter any party, to give more thought to industry, arti- sans, business and labor, instead of harping on the farmer gquestion? I can prove, as can any one with a grain of horse sense, that if our factories, busi- nesses and labor make progress, the farmer is bound to get his share; but, on the other hand, no matter if the farmer produces plenty or a shortage, he cannot possibly make gains without the resources of industry and labor, and while it is true that the farmer is in a better position to survive by reason that he can raise enough food for himself and family, the artisan and laborer must toil both brawn and brain in order that all classes of people may enjoy the fruits of their labor. So, instead of making the farmer the object of charity by the Government, paying him to lay off farm hands and encouraging a limited production so that the consumer must pay high prices for what he must have to survive, I say that instead of making this a “farmer vs. New Deal” issue, let us have instead a good and constructive manifestation by being more liberal with business and in- dustry and removing this nverwh;}mmz consternation that has been on us since 1929, I can see no reason why we must be the step-children of this administra- tion and the farmer”the pet. The moral of the issue for the people should be for the Government to en- courage industry and labor progress in order that the farmer may be a success, JOHN J. GUINN. Supreme Court and faciat The Constitution To the Editor of The Star: In his letter Mr. Leo A. Hughes at- tacks certain people because they “deny that two and two make four, or that a decision of the Supreme Court is the supreme law of the land.” This deserves correction, as an instance of the loose thinking and misinformation that mar the enthusiastic bursts of those who are more ardent than informed about funda- mental American documents, ‘The Constitution provides that: “This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties * * * shall be the supreme law of the land.” Under no circumstances could any court decision be considered a law. The Supreme Court is granted no specific power in the Con- stitution to rule on laws. It has assumed the authority to state that certain laws are not the supreme law of the land, basing such authority on the implication of the phrase “which shall be made in pursuance thereof” and thé omission in the Constitution of any specific means for determining such pursuance. Mr. Hughes is correct, however, in as- severating that two and two make four. A. R. MURRAY. Protests Any Diplomatic Relations With Vatican To the Editor of The Star: As a reader of The Star, I take excep- tian to the editorial in your October 8 issue relative to the mission of a repre- sentative of the Pope to Washington. Any attempt, by propaganda or other- wise, to create public sentiment favor- able to a revival of the long and properly discarded exchange of ambasadors be- tween the United States and the Papal See will not meet with favor of Amer- icans who oppose the union of church No one can know what “nature faking’ really is until he reads some of the older books, Oliver Goldsmith's history of “Animated Nature,” for example. Goldsmith knew nothing about ani- mals, of course, but simply went to sources from which he came up with several hundred pages of ‘matter. One of his classic tales is about the squirrels. These intelligent animals, according to Goldsmith, don’t even let a river stop them. When a number of them came to a stream they would have no difficulty about crossing it. Here was how they would do it: Each squirrel would repair to a nearby forest, where it would secure for itself a “small piece of bark.” Each rodent then would come down to the bank, launch his little boat and step aboard. Once aboard the bark the squirrel would hoist its bushy tail in the air for a sail and so proceed across the stream. * x ok x It was a pretty picture, of course, the hundreds of migrating squirrels going along on their bits of bark, tails waving in the breeze. About all there is true to the story, of course, in so far as it concerns squir- rels, is the tail-waving. Squirrels do love to flirt their tails. What Goldsmith became confused with, undoubtedly, was the lemming, a North European rodent. These creatures, at long intervals, ex- perience a sudden desire to migrate, and do so in countless thousands. 1t is said that nothing whatsoever will stop their advance, once th‘s sort of madness seizes them. If they come to & river they go into it, pushed on by the numbers behind. 1f they come to the ocean it is just the same—in they go, one after the other, and all are lost at sea. * X % X No doubt this occurance attracted the attention of people in all ages, so that it was not strange, perhaps, that in time this peculiarity of the lemmings should be transferred to the common squirrel. ‘The point is that there is enough of interest in the real habits of the squirrel without adding anything to it. Goldsmith goes oh to tell of thousands of his squirrels losing their lives and being washed up on the shore, where the natives gathered them up and “sold their skins for a penny.” It would seem that the natives were not very good merchants. But a penny, of course, in those days, meant more than it does today in any country’s currency. The squirrel of our own forests and suburbs, and even cities (if they have trees), is interesting enough in his own right, without any one adding anything to him. *® x Xk X Persons interested in animate Nature will find few things more animated than squirrels. Division of Nature into animate and inanimate is not a bad one fqr ordinary Ui 'S.. 2 'lr'hp:“m\cmscope, it is true, has shown animation where only dead matter seemed to be before. Yet in the main the old division holds. What leaps and cavorts in the yard STARS, MEN these Autumn days is animate enough. Old Man Squirrel out after a few nuts to hide away. He has received encomiums.over the centuries for his canniness in storing up food for days when food shall be no more, or at least very scarce. Some one has said tha. uvery squirrel pretends to bury a nut eight times before he actually does so. ‘This is a matter which every backyard naturalist may look into for himself, without running the slightest danger of being called a “nature faker.” It will require patience as well as sharp eyes to check up on one of these aboreal rodents, for it undoubtedly pos- sesses a spirit of mischief as well as great agility. * % x x ‘Those who have watched squirrels longest will be the most willing to tell you that they believe these fellows will- ingly would mislead an observer, if once they saw that you were cenducting scien- tific observations upon them. See those bright, sharp eyes, mirroring a shrewd fellow in a neat fur suit. He conceivably might make more than eight attempts to delude you. A poet of the squirrel race might parody Longfellow's “Bewarg! Take Care,” only in this case he would rewrite it, “He is fooling thee!” Or does the female squirrel do her share of finding and burying food? We have never seen anything on this subject in Goldsmith or out of him. * * 5 * Up in the trees these days the entire family is cracking acorns and walnuts. These undoubtedly are the squirrel’s favorite foodstuffs. Of the two the walnut is “tops.” Squir- rels out our way spend all their waking hours cracking walnuts and showering shells and cases down cn sidewalks. These make work for tidy housewives, but this is no concern of rodents. For- tunately for the squirrels their general activities are not such as to cause the same antipathy to them that greets rats and mice. Most city persons look upon the com- mon squirrel as an interesting animal, something on the order of the monkey in the comic way. They like to feed them peanuts and watch them get the meat out of the shell. * k x K It shows no lack of sense in a squirrel when it buries a piece of milk chocolate as readily as it does a nut. i Chocolate is outside the race experience of the creature. It cannot know that the piece of candy will melt and dissolve in the earth. Nature often impresses an observer as having been started in the beginning and wound up forever. Pods of the Kentucky coffee bean tree are of wood, intended to float the beans down stream. Inside they are packed with gum which keeps them dry. If the tree grows on a city street rather than beside a stream the seed pods are always of the same hardness, and packed inside for a ride on the water, nevertheless. So squirrels, too, are always the same, wherever you find them, interesting enough without any observer being under the necessity of making up tales about them. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS. R. HENRY. Lumber stranger and heavier than oak i{s being made out of cornstalks, and writing paper of superior quality out of oat and wheat straws at the Bureau of Standards. e rocesses, the technic etails n{?}‘-‘n‘i‘chpwm be announced in the forth- coming issue of the bureau’s Journal of Research, represent enormous advances over anything hitherto accomplished with these superfluous farm products and may result in & considerable ex- pansion of farm income. Corn stalks, it is explained by Dr. W. E. Emley, chief of the division of or- ganic and fibrous materials, have been utilized for some years in making soft, light pressboard, such as has had a con- siderable market for insulating material. The chief change introduced is putting the wet mats of corn stalk fibers under very heavy pressures, from 400 to 500 pounds a square inch. The, resulting material. is something entirely new to the building industry. It is like grainless wood. It is probably about the strongest board known since it is grainless and has the same resist- ance to breaking under pressure in all directions. Its medulus of rupture, says Dr. Emley, is from 5,000 to 8,000 pounds per square inch. It is also one of the heaviest lumbers known. Its specific gravity is slightly over one, so that ordinarily it will sink in water. It is probably suitable, Dr. Emley says, for almost any purpose for which wood is used in the interiors of houses except flooring. It probably will not stand up well under cbntinuous wear, although no data on its wearing qualities have been obtained to date. For exteriors the product probably will prove of little value because of its ten- dency to absorb water. This can be reduced considerably, it is pointed out in the Bureau of Standards report, by precipitating a rosin or paraffin size on the surface of the fiber bundles before they are formed into wet mats. The cost of the new material, as pro- duced in the bureau shop, is from $16 to $18 for 1,000 board feet. One of the largest expense items, it is pointed out, is the original one of a suitable press such as has been developed by the bu- reau engineers. The cost of operation 1s quite low. 4 ok The new product made from wheal and oat smv?a is dt;scnrl;:id by Dr. mex{ as “a good de of writing paper.’ also is chnr:’::zflzed as a fair grade of book paper. 2 g The extent of this advance can gauged from the fact that the chief use of straws in paper making in the past has been in the production of the “straw board” used for paper boxes while this approaches the superior grades of wood pulp paper. The success is due to a devbloped by the bureau chemists. The strength of the purified fibers is preserved by using less drastic treatments than those usually given The pulping process involves the re- moval of incrusting materials with chemicals, mechanical separation and softening of the fibers, separation of large fiber bundles and undissolved im- f the pulp, and bleaching. %“’,.?a&’e‘l‘m materials are dissolved by Lhesrnwmwlwrtotln hour at 100 degrees cen and then cooking it for three hours in a chemical bleach. Rye straw produces & more brittle paper, but easier to bleach. Wheat straw is intermediate between the two. From the bone-dry material from 38 to 43 per cent of bleached pulp is obtained. In spite of the previous industrial uses which have been found for them, it is pointed out, both corn stalks and cereal straws still constitute over large parts of the country waste agricultural products and Bureau of Standards chem- ists and physicists are engaged in a con- stant search for new products which can be made from them—thus providing opportunities for local industries in farming sections and giving extra in- comes to farmers. * % % X A method of keeping milk fresh by the simple process of concentrating and freezing it, which may have revolution- ary implications for the dairy industry, has been discovered by the Bureau of Dairy Industry of the Department of Agriculture and patented for the benefit of the public. It means that fresh milk can be ship- ped from Wisconsin to Panama—or for that matter to Central Africa. Recent trial shipments of concentrated frozen milk have been made to the Canal Zone and sold daily to consumers for more than a month without any noticeable deterioration. Obviously, freezing will keep milk fresh. But frozen milk in the past has been a rather unpalatable liquid, as is gener- ally appreciated by consumers in cities during the Winter months. In fact, the thawed product isn't, strictly speaking, milk. Its physical properties have been altered. This can be overcome, the bureau chemists found, by first reducing the milk to about one-half of its original volume by a concentration process simi- lar 40 that used in preparing canned milk. But in this new process, instead of heating the milk to a high tempera- ture to sterilize it, the canned milk is kept sweet by cooling it down below freezing and holding it there. The frozen milk may be shipped long distances and held for weeks until ready for use by the consumer, when it is per- mitted to thaw and enough water added to bring it back to its original volume. ‘The resulting product compares favor- ably with fresh, whole milk. In practically- all tropical and sub- tropical countries the milk supply is a serious problem. Climatic conditions greatly increase the difficulty of main- taining a high bacteriological standard and there are difficult problems of sani- tation and live stock parasites. Swedish Baby-Carrying Picture Is Inaccurate To the Editor of The Star: Noting the picture in your gravure sec- tion of Sunday Star of October 11, de- picting the different customs of carry- ing babies around, it appears to give a wrong impression to the readers of your paper, placing the Swedish people on a par with East African savages, almost as ignorant Arabs and primitive Indians, and as a Swedish-American I would like to explain that this picture must have been posed. I was born in Sweden and neither my parents nor I can ever recollect seeing anybody carry- ing babies around in the manner shown. The whole picture tends to show the Swedes up as a primitive nation when, on the contrary, they are a highly cul- tured people. I hope will give muwthulemr;:lmmmot enlighi your ers. e G. BENGTSON. ‘r' ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Informction Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Please giv: some information about Judge Bleakley, the Republican nominee for Governor of New York—T. B. A. Judge William F. Bleakley (pro- nounced Blakely) was born November 11, 1883, near Peekskill, N. Y. He was graduated from Cornell Law School in 1904. Practiced law and was elevated to the bench. Was elected to the Supreme Court of ninth judicial district. Is espe- cially interested in the welfare of boys. He is a Roman Catholic, 19 married and has two sons and one daughter. Q. How many unnaturalized aliens are there in the United States?—A. G. A. There are about five million aliens in this country legally, who are not nat- uralized citizens. Q. How long ago were sun suits for children introduced?—C. A. A. They appeared about 1926, and their popularity was soon established. Q. Who was the model for Jo David« son’s statue of “The Doughboy”?—E. R. A. While a member of the supply company of the headquarters brigade in Paris, S. V. Arneson was selected by Gen. Pershing as the model for the Davidson statue. Armeson died in Sep- tember at Great Falls, Mont. Q. When does the words, its, contain an apostrophe?—M. H. A. When it is a contraction of the two words, it is. Q. How many groups of lakes are there in the world resembling the finger lakes of New York State?—C. S. A. The American Motorist says that there are only four other groups: The lake region of England, the lochs of Scotland, lakes of Switzerland and the scenic finger lakes of Patagonia. Q. What date is Negro day at the Louisiana State Fair at Shreveport? —A.L.C. A. Monday, November 2, 1936. Q. Is military service compulsory in Switzerland?—H. M. A. At the age of 20 every able-bodied Swiss must enroll in his country’s na- tional militia. Q. How is the name of Simone Simon, the French actress in “Girls' Dormitory,” pronounced?—K. R. A. It is pronounced see-moan see= moan(g). Q. How long has the electric stock ticker been used on the New York Stock Exchange?—E. W. A. The electric stock ticker adopted in 1867. was Q. What are rafflesias?>—M. H. D. A. They are remarkable parasitic plants of the East Indies which attack various vines of the grape family. The only visible part of the plant consists of a large flower. A species native to Sumatra bears a flower three feet in diameter which has the appearance of decomposing flesh and exhales a carrion- like odor which attracts carrion insects. Q. Does London own Epping Forest? —J. W A. Epping Forest was purchased by the corporation of London for $1,250,000 and thrown open to the public in 1882. Q. What is the difference between & ball and a dance?—J. W. K. A. A dance is merely a ball on a smaller scale. Fewer people are invited and as a rule the decorations are sim- pler. Invitations to balls always include older people, whereas invitations to a dance include persons approximately of the same age. Q. How dense is the population of Por= tugal?>—H. L. A. The present population is about 7,000,000, which means more than 74 inhabitants per square kilometer or one person to each 3 1-3 acres. In the United States there is about one person to each 12 acres, Q. Who is the author of the phrase, “tariff for revenue only”?—J. A. A. It is attributed to Henry Watterson, Q. Is there a connection between the size of the brain and the mental cae pacity of the human being?—C. H. A. Dr. Hrdlicka of the Smithsonian Institution says that there is a rough but definite correlation between brain size and intelligence in normal human beings. Brain size is the most essential physical difference between man and beast. Q. Please describe the Colorado monu- ment to Will Rogers.—W. W. A. Will Rogers’ Shrine of the Sun, on Cheyenne Mountain near Colorado Springs, is a duplicate of the Tower of London, built by Spencer Penrose. It is 200 feet high. The dedication will take place next Spring. Q. When is national apple week?—J. B, A. It will be observed from October 31 to November 2. Q. How many temples are there in Siam?—H. M. A. In 1930 there were 16,571 temples in that country, Q. Who were the nine worthies?—E. L. A. They are designated in literature as Hector, son of Priam; Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Joshua, David, Judas Maccabeus, King Arthur, Charle- magne and Godfrey of Bouillon, Texas Eloquence. From the Omaha World-Herald. It's getting so John Garner’s silence is being heard even more than Frank Knox's volubility. y ———— e A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton A Paradox I studied some portraits of women and men ‘Who lived in the last century. To me all the faces seemed happler then— Or is that a fallacy? Gazelle-eyed, smooth of brow, reposeful of mien, All the women appeared to be. And the brows of the men were unfur- rowed, serene, No lines of perplexity. Yet in ease and finance the men have And ht::; women from hoop-skirts are Why, why should our faces disclose such unrest ‘While we boast of more liberty? / {