Evening Star Newspaper, March 8, 1936, Page 4

PITTHAN AGANST WAR DET NOVE Opposes McAdoo Proposai to Create Commission to Negotiate Settlement. By the Associated Press. Unqualified opposition to the crea- tion of a commission to negotiate new war debt settlements was expressed yesterday by Chairman Pittman of the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee. . His words coincided with Germany’s latest move, which intensified Eufo- pean unrest. In an interview which gave a dis- tinct impression that the admin- istration shared his attitude, Pitt- man took the po- sition that any reopening of the debt question should be at the request of the debtors. Earlier in the week Senator Mc- Adoo, Democrat, of California, who was Secretary of the Treasury when many of the debts were contracted, had introduced a resolution to set up & commission of nine to meet here with representatives of nations which owe this Nation $12,000,000,000 in ob- ligations arising from the World War. Agreements reached would be subject to congressional approval. The com- mission would have $100,000 for ex- penses. Pittman Opposes Move. For the United States to make the first move, Pittman said, would simply mean notice to the world that it was willing to make further “compro- mises.” At present all the nations except Finland are in default. The Nevada Senator also said Great Britain was more concerned over non- payment of her war obligation than the United States because she realized she could not regain her pre-war creditor position while herself a de- linquent. “I'll state very frankly,” Pittman #aid, “I do not favor the (McAdoo) ‘resolution. It can't mean anything -else but a compromise. “This is entirely contrary to the position that has been constantly maintained by this adrainistration that the original debt was compro- mised and largely reduced by the mgreement reached between a former commission on behalf of the United Btates and similar commissions rep- resenting the foreign debtors. Request Up to Debtors. “The matter then became a closed | dncident. The amount of the debt and the justice of it was admitted and securities were given to our Govern- | nent, which it now holds. * “Since that time, our Government ‘has, on every occasion, maintained that if there was to be any further | consideration of the matter, it should | be at the request of the debtors, not | the creditor.” He said it was evident that appoint- | ment of the first commission by the | United States “placed us at a disad- vantage, which disadvantage we suf- fered in the negotiations.” “To appoint a commission at this time,” he added, “would reasonably | lead the debtors to believe that we were | so anxious to have them pay some- Senator Pittman, German Cavalry in»fo.inelan.d THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 8 T1936—PART ONE. pean nations to guard against a sud- den attack by any one; 6. A non-aggression pact with Po- land and other nations on Germany's eastern border. After he had delivered his memo- randum to the diplomats, Hitler went before the Reichstag ang talked two hours to the accompaniment of cheers from his loyal legislators. He told them in detail what he had done. He paid tribute to Woodrow Wilson as a statesman who had desired a league of all nations “destined to bring peoples nearer each other in mutual regard and understanding. Explains League “Deficiencies.” This was the dream, he said, but the reality was that the League regarded the world as separated into victors and vanquished, and Germany, for the honor of her own people, had to with- draw from the latter classification. “The German people need no spe- cial aid for maintaining their life,” he declared. “They merely wish to have no less favorable chances than those afforded other nations.” they felt that by offering to return to the League, Hitler had made it im- possible for the League to invoke sanctions against Germany. The men who faced Hitler in the Reichstag cheered their leader's words until they were hoarse. Out in the zens gathered around radio loud- speakers to hear his voice. People cheered in the streets in unison with the cheers in the Reich- stag. “Freedom” Celebrated. thing on their debts that we would | be ready to accept anything." | Pittman, who attended the London | Economic Conference as a member of | the American delegation, saild he| Jtalked with all the big business men | Nazi flags suddenly flew from all public buildings, and most homes, as well, in celebration of what the gov- ernment termed ‘“the regained Ger- | man freedom.” A government announcement said “of London. | the reoccupation of the Rhineland by “They were worried over the debt gituation more than anything else in | the world,” he said. “We've got all the world with us on this question except the debtors.” Senator Borah, Republican, of Idaho | has been a recent agitator for debt collection, but he has taken the posi- | tion the United States should con- etantly remind the borrowers of their defaults, | - “The governments which are refus- ing to pay these debts,” he said in a Tecent statement, “are making every preparation for another war. The Jault is in ourselves that these debts are not paid. We are simply trifling with the subject and they take ad- ‘Vantage of it.” » .. Germans (Continued From First Page.) ———— e o ~delivered to them a memorandum set- ing forth what he intended to do. He told the diplomats that Germany “was alarmed by the recently concluded Areaty of military alliance between “France and Soviet Russia and stated: *The obligations which France as- #umed in the new pact are not com- patible with her obligations under the | Rhine pact.” | He referred to the agreement by which both France and Germany promised to keep their soldiers out of the Rhineland—the area into which ‘the soldiers of the Reich marched today. = He said the German government #had no assurance that France would Tot elect a Communist government #nd, in such case, France would be governed from Moscow and not from Paris. (France recently elected a sec- ‘ond Communist member to the Benate.) Tells of Rhine Occupation. “ He continued: “In the interest of Xhe primitive right of a nation to se- eure her own borders and to safeguard Jer possibilities of defense, the Ger- Many government, therefore, beginning goday, restored the full, unmitigated Hovereignty of the Reich in the de- ilitarized zone of the Rhineland.” « But, stated Hitler, the world should Bot consider this act militant. *+ “In order,” he said, “to pledge the purely defensive character of these ¥neasures beyond peradventure of doubt and in order further to give ex- Pression to its eternally constant arning for the real pacification of rope and states having equal rights #nd enjoying equal respect, the Ger- man Reich government declares itself willing, on the basis of the following ‘Proposals, to enter upon new arrange- Aments for the erection of a new system Zor the safeguarding of the peace of gurope. smutimu for Peace. ':': His suggestion embraced six points: « 1. Treaties among Germany, France, the grey-green troops will be com- | pleted tomorrow. Nine thousand infantrymen and 2,500 artillerymen are going into the area from the interior of Germany. The area between the Black Forest and the Rhine was heaviest concentrations. Other units include air corps groups | and anti-aircraft detachments, Rhineland : (Continued Prom First Page.) torchlight parades, and the region was flag-bedecked, as if for a holiday. Between 15,000 and 20,000 soldiers in fleld-gray uniforms, with flowers in their buttonholes, came into the zone during the day. There were 19 infantry battalions, 13 artillery units and two aviation units. Some crossed Rhine bridges which the last units of the ex-Kaiser's de- | feated army passed over in the other direction on a misty November day in 1918. The 2,000 men to be garrisoned at Cologne broke into song as they reached the long stone and steel Ho- henzollern Bridge leading to the heart of the city past Cologne’s famous Gothic cathedral. Inhabitants Bewildered. So did those who were headed for Saarbruecken and Trier, as they crossed the Rhine at Mainz, and the first unit to arrive at the old head- quarters of the American Army of Occupation at the town of Coblenz. The soldiers were met by somewhat bewildered inhabitants, many of whom had not seen a German uniform in all the years since the World War. All preparations for military reoc- cupation of the zone were kept secret. bombing nlanes and troops early today it wes Yreath-taking. When the truth dawned on the inhabitants, work virtually €eased and they began cele- brating. b “What Will France Do?” Cafes were jammed tonight with persons seeking more information about what had happened. One prin- cipal question which seemed to occupy the thoughts of inany was: “What will France do?” This also was in the minds of mem- bers of the Reichstag who returned to the Rhineland from what they called a “historic session” .at Berlin. But there was no nervousness ap- parent, for the opinion was almost unanimous that France would not in- tervene and Great Britain would ac- cept Hitler's peace proposals. Six Garrisons Taken Over. Six garrisons were fully taken over today. They are at Cologne, Aachen, Saarbruecken, Trier, Mainz and Mann- heim. #nd Belgium creating new demilit- @rized zones along their frontiers; « 2. A 25-year non-aggression pact gmong Germany, France and Belgium; =~ 3. The inclusion of: t Britain d Italy as guarantorsy” ?4. The inclusion of™'the Nether- s 3 i %5 A general defensive aviation dgreement among all Western Euro-| Trucks, tanks snd armored cars were | [ J Dusseldorf and Frankfort will be occupied tomorrow. An aviation unit entered Dusseldorf today, but the main body, composed of the 16th Artillery unit, will not reach there until Sunday. Marching orders were issued last night, for shortly after daybreak today. [ Observers of the proceedings said | streets, traffic stopped, while the citi- | assigned the | So sudden was the appearance of | under way hours before the world knew what was happening. The troops which came into the northern end of the Rhineland zone came from Muenster, Lippstatt and Dortmund. They traveled 80 to 90 miles, the last reaching their destina- tions at the end of the sunny day. Officers Are Acclaimed. The commanding officers rode through the streets in standing-army cars, receiving the salutes and “heils” of the people. Following them came the mayors and the distinct Nazi leaders. On the main squares, with the streets overflowing, they reviewed the troops and then sent them to their | barracks. There were many proud touches to the reoccupatfon, such as that in- volving Lieut. Gen. Von Kluge, com- mander of the 6th Army Corps with headquarters at Cologne. He moved | into the Excelsior Hotel, the old head- | quarters of the British staff during occupation of the zone. The worn pavement in front of the hotel still attests to the heavy boots of the British sentries who marched up and down. In addition to the regular army, which is copsidered a mere skeleton, the green-uniformed landjaeger, or special police corps, created for the demilitarized zone, remains intact. These, observers believe, number nine battalions, or a total of about 6,300 men, Hoover (Continued From First Page.) has failed in its primary purpose. And | $15,000,000,000 will be added to the national debt before the New Deal is over. Hoover said the | intellectual and vocal technique of typical European revolution. In the | made some progress.” He cited the formulas of revolution as including “must emergency instru- ments of power,” “to save the Na- tion,” “rubber stamp” legislatures, government propaganda and supbres- sion of free press, free speech and freedom of worship. “America has not reached these final stages,” Hoover . declared. “Thanks to a people of great heritage, to the press and radio, free speech still lives in America. I intend to use a little more of it tonight.” Opposes Government in Business. Stating his belief that there should be Government regulation of busi- ness, “which I believe is the American system,” he warned his listeners “young men and women have grave need to look-into this New Deal al- ternative to our American system.” “The New Deal is committed to drive ahead for Government dictation of our economic life,” he declared. “It Is committed by a thousand statements, by a thousand actions. It is com- mitted by the supporters upon whom it depends.” Asserting that President Roosevelt continuously has supported “planned economy,” he quoted the Chief Execu- tive as once saying “all the proposals and legislation since the fourth of March have not been just a collec- tion of haphazard schemes, but rather the orderly component parts of a con- nected and logical whole.” “The Supreme Court has removed some 10 of these component parts, and rather than have the score raised to 13 before an election. we have seen 3 more quietly removed,” Hoover said. “However, if the New Deal is re- elected they will be found to have a lot of spare parts.” The speech, sixth of a series in @ OFFICIAL PIANO of the @ METROPOLITAN OPERA administration, | | knowingly or not, has “imitated the | | talking and legislative stages they | This retouched radiophoto shows & detachment of German cavalry entering Cologne yesterday after Adolph Hitler had declared the Locarno pact dead. Photo, made in Cologne, rushed to Berlin by messenger, telephotoed to London and radioed to New York. —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. which Hoover has heaped criticism and sarcasm upon the Roosevelt ad- ministration, again Jleft unannounced the part he plans in the coming presi- dential campaign. He defended his own administration by answering New Deal assertions he did not hold to platform promises. “There were 39 promises in the Re- publican platform of 1928, he said. “Of these, 37 were carried out, even in depression, by my administration. And those included upholding the Constitution and the preservation of national honor. Two secondary prom- ises broke against the obstinacy of a Democratic Congress. Then he added: “I leave research into their plat- form promises to well-known Demo- cratic leaders.” “Eight days before that election, I stated the real intention of these men was to tinker with the cur- rency,” Mr. Hoover declared. “I sald their program would raise Gover: ment expenditures to nine billion & year. I said it was their intention to put the Government into business * * * to undermine State and local governments by centralization in Washington * * * to regiment our people and undermine the American system with imported European philosophies. American Liberty Praised. “That was aMl vociferously’ denied. All “those interpretations have come true “except as to that 9,000,000,000— it was only 95 per cent correct.” Mr. Hoover praised the “American system of liberty” after detailing how his engineering profession had carried him all over the world “into many foreign lands under many kinds of government, both of free men and of tyrannies.” “It has its faults,” he said, “but it contains the only real ferment of progress.” He sald “about every outstanding advance” promoting mankind's wel- | fare in the past century had been born in countries of free men and women. “American young men and women,” | he declared, “should have the right | to plan, to live their own lives with Jjust one limitation—they shall not injure their neighbors. “What they want of Government is to keep the channels of opportunity open and equal, not to block them and then charge them for doing it. * * * They do not want to be planed down to a pattern.” Youth Tends Toward Liberalism. Asserting that today the term “Liberals” is “claimed by every sect that would limit human freedom and stagnate the human soul,” Mr. Hoover said “the natural choice of youth is toward true liberalism. “True liberalism seeks all legitimate freedom first, in the confident belief that without such freedom pursuit of other blessings is in vain. “I know American youth is champ- ing at the bit to take advantage of an opening world,” Mr. Hoover con- cluded. “From that, if we preserve the American system of liberty, we could have a century of glorious op- portunity to every young man and woman. We could have a century of unparalleled progress to the Nation.” Fish Puts Up Fierce Fight. ‘Weighing more than 300 pounds, & sting ray was caught by H. A. Eyles after a fierce battle at Emigrant Creek, Australia. Eyles and a companion in & launch had to struggle for half an hour before they could bring the fish to the surface and strike it with an ax. The sting ray was 7 feet long and measured more than 6 feet from the tip of each flap. The tail had a sting barb nearly 9 inches long. Seven pilot fish about. 15 inches long were at- tached to the ray. THIRTY years ago, Knabe, forseeing the necessity of a fine small grand to meet the require- ments of those who live in smaller homes or apart- ments, created their Mignonette Grand. Today, after 30 years, the Knabe Baby Grand has outgrown its experimental stage and has reached the peak of piano quality for its size, as is attested to by its world-wide supremacy. New §' 3%t Model ‘Baby Grand 3785 Homer L. Kitt Co. 1330 G Street INTRANSIENT CARE Delegates From 21 States Seek Reciprocity in Set- tlement Laws. By the Associated Press. TRENTON, N. J, March 7.—The Interstate Conference on Transients and Settlement Laws urged partici- pating States today to make recipro- cal agreements to care for individ- uals and families who wander from State to State. Resolutions adopted at the end of & two-day session attended by rep- resentatives of 21 States east of the Mississippi River “encouraged all ef- forts to bring about uniformity of legal settlement laws between the States.” Legislatures were urged to authorize the appropriate State de- partments to enter into reciprocal agreements. Hardships to Transients. The lack of uniformity in existing laws, the resolutions said, “has lent itself to undue hardships to the tran- sient persons and unfairness to the States.” The conference recommended these principles be embodied in State leg- islation in an flort to reduce the vol- ume of transiency. A uniform period of residence, pref- erably brief, for acquiring a legal settlement; a reorganization of resi- dence laws to provide care for per- sons not having a legal settlement and “adequate standards of relief for all persons in need.” States were urged to liberalize their laws to make possible co-operation with the Federal Government in the financing and administration of re- lief to transients. Special Committee Named. A special committee was appointed to study transient problems and make recommendations for modifying exist- ing laws. Harry Greenstein, Maryland relief administrator, urging development of & permanent program, suggested con- tinued Federal support, State and lo- cal supervision of transient relief ad- ministration, utilization of transients on work relief, equal sharing by all States of transient relief to prevent the burden from being shifted to; States with less stringent laws. SECRETARY TO BRYAN TO BE GIVEN HONORS Dinner March 19 Also Will Fete| Patrick H. Callahan, Friend of Statesmen. The late Manton Wyvell, Washing- ton attorney who was secretary to| William Jennings Bryan when the | latter was Secretary of State, will be honored at a dinner March 19, com- memorating the birthday of the Amer- ican statesman. Patrick H. Callahan of Louisville, also a close friend of Bryan, will be a guest of honor at the dinner. Speakers will include former Gov. John G. Pollard of Virginia and Representative Luckey, from Bryan's home district in Nebraska. The dinner is to be held at the La Fayette Hotel, where Bryan made his | home while in Washington. Acacia President to Speak. William Montgomery, president of the Acacia Mutual Life Insurance Co., will address the Washington Chapter of Chartered Life Underwriters at His subject will be “Present-day Problems of a Life Insurance Com- pany.” Ethiopia’s Crown Prince is Prince ' UN|F[]RM"Y URG[D Highly Industrial Rhineldand Torn Between France, Germany Shuttled Between Nations With For- tunes of War Since 1801—Province Also Center of Agriculture.. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, March 7.—The Rhine- land province, occupied again today by troops of Der Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, roughly is a territory of more than 10,000 square miles, including the Saar, with a population of nearly 8,000,000, Highly industrial in its numerous cities, 'the Rhine region also is a noted agricultural area, producing famed wines from vineyards along the Rhine and Moselle Rivers, A num- ber ‘of universities and a distinetive: architecture mark the region’s cul- tural development. Parts of the territory have shut- tled sincé 1801 between France and Germany as the fortunes of war changed. At the end of the World War, France sought to detach the left bank of the Rhine, depriving Germany of cent of her population, 12 per cent of her coal supply and 80 per cent of her iron ores, including Alsace. . Compromise Effected. The policy failed. A compromise was effected which called for de- militarization of the Rhine area, oc- cupation by allied troops, to be fol- lowed by their evacuation over a period of years, but civil administra- tion by the German government un- der the eyes of ‘an inter-allied coms mission. In its physical characteristics, type of industries and agriculture and cities, the territory resembles a com- posite picture of Western New York, | Western Pennsylvania. -and Eastern Ohio along the Ohio River, a strip of Northern Ohio and much of Mich- igan, About 43 per cent of the territory's total area was under. tillage in 1925, when last figures were obtainable. ‘The chief agriculutral products were rye, wheat, barley, oats and po- along the Rhine and the Moselle pro- ducing wines, although Johannisberger and other noted wines are produced higher up the Rhine, outside the province. The Ruhr and the Saar aid the province in a total annual produc- 8 per cent of her territory, 11 per |™ tion of coal upwards of 25,000,000 tons. ‘Other mineral - products are iron, : lead, oopper, quicksilver and manganese. - Balt, sulphur and stone are produced. Textiles Also Produced. ucts. Woolen and silk textiles pro- duced at Aix-la-Chapelle and at Kre- feld are among the world's foremost. Glass works, paper mills, chemical works, sugar refineries, breweries and distilleries give work to many thou- | sands. Tanneries find oak immedi- ately at hand in hillside forests. Cattle are reared in considerable herds. The Rhine’s salmon fishery is very produc- tive., Aix-la-Chapelle is one of the chief manufacturing centers. The largest iron and steel works are at Essen, home of the Krupp Works; Oberhau- sen, Duisburg, Dusseldorf, and Co- logne. ‘The great bulk of the population is of Teutonic stock. About a quarter of & million are estimated to be of Flem- ish blood. The Universities of Bonn and Co- the University Club tomorrow evening. | logne are werid famous. ‘The province gives its name to Rhenish architecture, a style of the sountries bordering on the Rhine when the arts first were revived after the fall of the Roman Empire. The de- velopment of height in church inte- | Asfa Wesen and he married a Princess Wolete Israel. purchase clothin, necessities, or for any other use- ful purposes— application for a be made for a amounts. Come in and END YOUR MONEY WORRIES If you need money to pay bills, THIS BANK STANDS READY and is willing to consider your even a longer period if neces- sary; with provision for payment arranged in convenient monthly Financial Problems With Us Morris PLan Bank " 1408 H Strest NW. riors is marked; the use of many tow- ers results in fantastic silhouettes; —_————————— Locomotives, guns, needles and small | tools are among the industrial prod- | and carved ornaments often are gro- tesque. Cathedrals Best Samples. Cathedrals at Mainz, Worms, and Speyer and in Cologne are best sam- ples of the art. It the French had their way at the peace conference, the Rhine would have beefi Germany's Western frontier and France weuld have annexed the greater part of Rhenish Prussia, all of the Rhenish Palatinate and Hesse- Darmstadt. - An alternative proposed by Premier Clemenceau and Marshal Foch was to have the territory set up as a nom- inally independent republic under French control. ‘The late President Woodrow Wilson and British statesmen balked at that plan and the compromise was ar- 4 The allied powers were to occupy the 1éft bank for 15 years, evacuation to depend then on whether the Germans had fulfilled their agreements. ‘The 15-year-provision was nullified and it was left to France's discretion when the occupaton of the Rhineland should terminate. Premier Tardieu ordered 45,000 French soldiers scattered over the ter- ritory in May, 1930, to evacuate and they were out by the end of June. ‘The last of the al¥ed forces, consist- ing of 250 railway police in the Saar, left December 12, 1930. The old Rhenish territory was a group of feudal states which had been annexed by France in the peace | of Luneville in 1801. Most of them were awarded to Prussia by the Con- gress of Vienna in 1815, Occupied in January, 1923. French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr, deep in the demilitarized zone, January 10, 1923, and then pushed on to Karlsruhe and the dis- | tatoes, with the extensive vineyards]!ricts between the bridgeheads on the right bank of the Rhine. ‘The American Army of Occupation withdrew the same day. The British, a minority on the Inter- allied Commission, were able to pre- vent French extension of rule over g, fuel or other loan; which may year or less, or Discuss Your Purchass price ncinden £5.00 Jor the §-Yoar newly occupied districts and balked any French military rule in the Cologne zone. 3 A Republican separatist movement continued, however, with the asserted sanction of the French, culminating in the Dusseldorf uprising September 30, 19328, which was quelled by local offi= cials. On October 21, a Rhineland repube lic was proclaimed in Aix-la-Chapells and lasted until November 2. The British put pressure on the Belgians to disavow the movement and the republic fell. A similar attempt to declare a republic in Coblenz, Wies- baden and Mainz collapsed. * Germany, financially drained, was ‘unable to continue supporting the oce cupied provinces, and the responsibile ity for the Rhine and the Ruhr was thrown on the Allies. Acceptance of the Charles G. Dawes reparations plan led to the evacua- tion of the Ruhr and later on of Dus- seldorf, Duisburg and Ruhrort. Dispute Over Arms Provisions. A dispute qver disarmament pro- visions of the Versailles treaty, how= ever, widened differences between Eng- land and France, the former advocate ing evacuation as soon as the out standing terms were carried out. France interpreted the fulfillment clauses in the wider sense of giving her complete security. At the Locarno discussion, Germany was given a list of her shortcomings as | to disarmament. She agreed to amend, a pact was closed, and the first tangible result was the evacuation of the northern third of the Rhineland. including Co- |logne, by the French and British troops in December, 1925. Negotiations for complete eyacu- | ation continued through League chan- | nels until the final evacuation in 1930. ‘Through League channels Gustave | Stresemann made demands for dis- armament by other powers, citing Germany's disarmament. Prior to today's sensational move, the most spectacular action in the Rhineland zone was the 1935 plebiscite which regained for Germany the Saar- land. Saar Taken from Reich. The Saar Basin, an area of 733 square miles and with a population of 770,000, more than 95 per cent Ger- man, was separated from Germany after the World War and administered by a League Commission. The French claimed the right to work the coal mines for 15 years in recompense for the destruction of the coal mines in the north of France. The plebiscite January 13, 1935, gave 447,199 votes to 48,638 favoring a re- mesrs ALLFIVE STANDARDS FOR BUYING Gomeim-Sacte PRODFof ‘- LOWER OPERATING COST 2- SAFER FOOD PROTECTION 3- FASTER FREEZING = MORE ICE 4. MORE USABILITY 5. FIVE-YEAR PROTECTION PLAN ‘J. R. ENRIGHT CO.,, Inc. 6708 Wisconsin Ave. Chevy Chase, Md. 304 Montgomery Ave. Rockville, Md. TRADE IN YOUR PRESENT COMPARE IT IN YOUR OWN HOME AT OUR EXPENSE RADIO at THE LATEST QUICKLY, YOU PAY $119:50 PHILCO 665X—American and Foreign Receiver Super “'Class-A" Power-Driven Audio System—10 tts output . . . Shadow Tuning . . . Glowing Arrow ano-fiur?d Indicator . . . 10 Philco High-Efficiency Tubes . . . Automatic Bass Compensation . . . Noise= Excluding Signal Amplifier . . . Built-in Aerial-Tuning System. ® FOREIGN o AIRCRAFT e AMATEUR ES COL. 0100 ® AMERICAN ® POLICE ¢ WEATHER IS co. 290C 14th N.W.