Evening Star Newspaper, March 8, 1936, Page 3

U. 5. WILL SPEND BILLION FOR ARMS Record Navy Bill to Cost $549,591,299, With Ap- proval Indicated. By the Associated Press. The spending of more than a bil- lion dollars for national defense in the next fiscal year was definitely proj« ected last night as a House committes DANGER OF WAR MINIMIZED HERE Hitler’s Move Finds England Unprepared—Action Had Been Anticipated.- BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. The danger of an immediate war in Europe, as a result of Adolf Hit- ler's denunciation of the Versailles and Locarno treaties, is being mini- mized in diplomatic quarters here. It is true that a state of nervous- ness and high tension, similar to that at the end of July, 1914, prevails again throughout Europe. It is equally true that an order of “stand by” for a general mobiliza- tion has been issued in almost every country in Europe. Italy and Ger- many have had their forces on war footing for several months, Foreign ministers in France and Belgium do not conceal the fact Eu- rope and the rest of the world are faced with an imminent crisis of the most serious .character. Britain Unprepared. But, despite these ominous signs, there is still hope & war may not break out yet. This hope is based mainly on the fact Great Britain is not prepared for such an emergency. The British are not likely to commit the mistake of 1914, when they entered the World ‘War almost totally unprepared. Fur- thermore, the British are realists, and are not likely to over-dramatize Hit- ler's gesture. It has been known for several months in Paris and London, as well as in Geneva, that Hitler was bring- ing troops into the demilitarized zone of the Rhine. He called them police forces—but that was immaterial. It also was known that subterranean air- plane hangars had been completed throughout the Rhineland. The mat- ter of bringing fighting planes into that zone is considered in many quarters in London of secondary im= portance. Consequently, the fact Hit- ler has made official what he has been doing unofficially for almost a year has not unduly excited British states- men. “Gestures” Now Futile. If the Reichsfuehrer could be co- erced to withdraw these troops with- out the nations taking a risk of hav- ing a major war on their hands, Great Britain undoubtedly would join the other nations in any kind of a demon- stration. But London knows that mere ges- tures are now futile and the British empire is hardly prepared to enter into a major war with its present lack of adequate armaments. For this reason, it is believed in offi- | eial quarters here that the matter of | Germany breaking the Versailles | treaty will be brought first before the | tribunal of the League at Geneva, | where the whole situation will be| pondered, discussed and temporized. | The principal danger of a war 1n1 the immediate future lies in the fact some minor incident outside the di- rect control of the governments might precipitate a crisis. Public Creates Situation. When public opinion has been pre- | pared for war, as in the case with | the European nations, such incidents can create situations in which govern- ments, reluctant as they may be, are | helpless. Of course, nobody here takes seri- ously Hitler's offer to join the League again; nor is his offer for a chain of security pacts with his direct neigh- “The Reich is pursuing a peace, not war.” policy of by others.” This Changing World Luther Calmly Witnesses His Brain Child, at Death of Locarno Pact, Hands of Hitler’s Rearming of Rhineland. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. N THE walls of Ambassador Luther’s study hangs a pho- tograph which must have had a queer meaning for the distinguished German diplomat when he received yesterday the representa- tives of the press to inform them of the death of the Locarno pact. It is the picture of those idealistft statesmen of Europe who, headed by Dr. Luther, at the time chancellor of the German Reich, signed the Locarno pact in 1925. Luther is really the father of the Locarno treaty. As such he has had until yesterday a real affection for the child of his brain. But the Ger- man Ambassador is a German before anything else. He cheerfully, and almost convinc- | ingly, described the great blessings resulting from the massacre of his brain child. There was not a quivver in his voice, not a tear in his eyes. * ok K X The goose-stepping Reichswehrmen who marched into the “demilitarized” zone of the Rhineland early on Sat- urday morning were aware that their heavy step would be heard as far as | Paris, London, Washington and Tokio. Their march, accompanied by the rumbling of the heavy tanks and the roaring of the battle planes indicates the end of the post-war era and the beginning of some= thing nobody knows yet what. bors taken to show Der Fuehrer's | peace intentions. | As long as Hitler maintains his open hostile attitude toward the Soviet government, it is impossible for the French to enter into any kind of | agreements with the Reich. Luther Sees Peace Effort. | Diplomatic officials here, mearwhile, | are studying the assertion yesterday by Dr. Hans Luther, German Ambas- sador, that the Nazi chancellor de- sired to broaden the basis for peace in Europe. Luther, who signed the Locarno pact | for Germany. told newspaper men Hit- ler's denunciation of that treaty was a “constructive” move toward peace. He asserted Germany would live up to the principles of Locarno when | other signatories did likewise. _— SPECIAL NOTICES. BECTION 337 OF THE BANKING ACT OF 1935 provides that the additional liability imposed upon shareholders in trust com- panies located in Washington. District of Columbis, by the provisions of Section 734 of the act of March 3, 1901 (D. C. Code. title 5. sec. 361)."shail Cense on Uy 1 1837, with respect to all shares issued by &ny ‘such trus company Wwhich shall be transacting the business of banking_ on ul 937: Provided. that not less than six_months ‘prior to such date. such trust company shall have caused notice of such DProspective termination of liability to be ublished in_a newspaper published in ashington. District of Columbia. If the trust company fails to give such notice as and when above provided. a termination of guch additional liability may thereafter be accomplished as of the date six months subsequent to publigation. in the manner ve provided ursuant to the pro- n the banking act 5, notice is hereby. given b Mlmsey Trust Company. in' the city of Washington. District of Columbia. that the 1iability imposed upon the holders of shares 2! its common stack by the provisions of Eection 7434 of th f M 27 he Board of Di- Teclors_ THE MUNGEY TRUST COMPANY, C. H. POPE_Treasurer. 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NE. nflropouun 4861, measures would not be increased “un- m. | raut will go before his cabinet tomor- In any case they have the satis- faction of knowing that a score of thousands of men and several dozen | airplanes and tanks have plunged a | whole world in a complete confusion. | The League of Nations is likely to be overworked within the next few weeks. | Just as the peace doves alighted safely in Rome and Addis Ababa, Hitler managed to hurl a bomb containing high erplosives to a much harrassed world. The French, who still believe, or claim to believe, in the efficacy of the League of Nations, are likely to bring their case against the Reich before that obsolete tribunal. And they all wonder at Geneva what can the poor League do against a power like Germany, when Japan is already out of the ‘League and Italy 1s on the verge of quitting. * ok x x Of course, some members might suggest again sanctions against Ger- many. There are people who have not yet realized that the sanction game is as dead as mah jong. And besides, it has become as expensive #s playing chemin de fer in bad luck. * ok X x Last week Foreign Secretary An- thony Eden introduced supplementary estimates for extra expenses for the armed forces of Great Britain as a result of sanctions. The bill, until the end of February reached the handsome figure of $35,000,000—the price of a new battleship or of 300 first-class bombers. Mussolini knew all along of Hit- ler’s intention to kill two birds—the Versailles treaty eagle and the Lo- carno dove—with one stone. It is for this reason that after hav- ing sent home some four weeks ago 300,000 reservists, he called them back last week. Italy's armed forces are ready for any eventuality—but the betting is that they will not be on | France’s and Russia’s side. Sanc- | tions again have scared Italy away | from her war allies. French tCnntin}leq From First Pagp.) drastic military order for garnsonmg‘ fortifications on the northeast frontier | of France, which included the can- cellation of all army leaves, the next military class would not be called to the colors before its time, nor would any of the recently "demobilized classes be called to duty. The government asked that Ger- troops would go into the 150 miles of fortification along the German fron- tier on a full war footing. Not only were the fortifications be- ing filled, but the gaps between the | famous steel and cement pill boxes were being filled with troops. A govegnment spokesman said Ger- many’s occupation of the zone was not “simply symbolic” and that Ger- marny’s forces in the Rhineland were equal to those on the French side of the frontier. Await Formal Prononncement. ‘The spokesman said its military til after the League -Council shall have formally pronounced Germany's violation of the treaty.” French officials said the word “ut- most” meant everything that the League and the Locarno treaty signa- tories might decide, even force if that were found necessary after all other | means failed. The government announced the many be punished. It was announced that Premier Sar- row and propose that the German case be presented to the League Coun- cil as a violation of the Locarno and Versailles treaties. The leaves of all members of the army were cancelled and the soldiers were ordered to report to their posts at once. Foreign Minister Flandin told Great ‘| Britain, Belgium and Italy as co- signatories of Locarno, that Reichs- feuhrer Hitler had violated that treaty. He made this declaration through the three nations’ ambassadors to Paris and asked them to submit it immediately to their respective gov- ernments. Hitler Held “Double Dealer.” Flandin accused Hitler of “double dealing” in promising on March 2 that he would negotiate a treaty of friendship with France, and then an- nouncing the Locarno denunciation today. X The foreign minister said Francois cet, French Ambassador to Berlin, hnd visited the reichsfuehrer when the first steps of the treaty of friend- ship had been discussed and had been told by Hitler that a “study was being made of the best way to insure Franco-German understanding.” what the Versailles treaty calls “a hostile act” by sending troops into the “demilitarized” Rhineland. Official sources were assured that | the Germany Army was taking up | positions at Coblenz, Mainz, Cologne and Frankfort, where allied soldiers | were garrisoned for the seven years| following the World War. Prohibited by Locarno. Such action is specifically prohib- | ited by the Locarno treaty. Germany’s repudiation of the de- militarized zone wrecks the last of the military clauses of the Versailles treaty, the others having been re- pudiated by Hitler when he re-estab- lished compulsory military service, rebuilt an air corps, and constructed new submarines—all acts prohibited by the Versailles convention. French military experts said the French Army already is outnumbered by that of Germany. They said France had 700,000 in military service, but that only 500,000 of them were in France, while they estmated the Ger- man Army at 600,000 men. France’s strong defenses on the east were ordered further strengthened. Gen. Bertrand Puzo was placed in command of the French aerial de- fense along the Rhineland with or- ders to have his organization in fight- ing trim by March 15. BRITISH HOPE TO AVOID WAR. Leaders Urge Greatest Caution—Other Powers Watchful. By the Associated Press. LONDON, March 7.—Neutral diplo- matic circles, after a careful study of Adolf Hitler's memorandum, be- lieved the situation created today by the German remilitarization of the Rhineland is far from desperate if France remains calm and does not demand forceful action. ‘This is no time, diplomats agreed, for snap decisions. Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin and Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden dis- cussed the situation at the prime min- ister's country residence after Eden had talked over Hitler's bold move with the French and Italian Ambassa- dors and the Belgian charge d’affaires. - Attempting to set an example by avoiding snap judgments, the cabinet put off its meeting until Monday. Britain Unprepared. Military observers generally agreed Hitler's action came at a moment em- barrassing to Britain, diplomatically and militarily, because of the Italo- Ethiopjan precautions. With about 175 war craft in and near the Mediterranean, together with between 300 and 400 airplanes and between 30,000 and 40,000 troops in Egypt, Britain is in a poor condition to assert its voice in Western European affairs, observers believed. If any of these ships, planes and “The next thing we knew,” said white. | Flandin, “was Hitler’s announcement | give Mussolini & freer hand in Ethiopia, this morning.” The foreign minister informed the envoys that Germany had committed troops were withdrawn, it would likely and perhaps endanger the vital Buez Canal link to the Far East. The Nazis moved into the Rhineland A “The treaty has been repeatedly violated A few minutes after he told the Reichstag at Berlin that the Locarno pact was dead, and sent his troops into the demilitarized Rhineland, the camera caught Adolf Hitler in this pose. “The peaceful intentions of Hitler are clear.” to London and transmitted by radio to New York. “Locarno has been thrown overboard by Germany.” —Gus Chinn, Star Staff. | Retouched picture telephotoed —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. | | before Britain had time to approve | pressed the belief that Hitler's speech | the immense new defense program would find a sympathetic audience announced as designed to repair the |in Japan, since Tokio shares Berlin's | gaps in the home defense. Hitler's action was be- | However, lieved to insure acceptance of the | rearmament and defense program in the House of Commons next week. “Mobilization of Common Sense.” George Lansbury, former parlia- mentary labor leader, the first British statesman of importance to comment on the German actions, declared: “No mobilization by France or ourselves is needed except the mobilization of common sense.” The hub of European diplomacy to- night was Paris, where a constant pro- cession of diplomats called on Foreign Minister Flandin. The man in the street there ap- peared to be unalarmed, despite the cancellation of army leaves. No dem- onstrations were reported anywhere in France, even on the eastern frontier, where the population could look across the border and almost sec the march of the forbidden German troops. At Brussels the government can- celled troop leaves as a precautionary step. Premier Paul van Zeeland con- ferred through the afternoon with envoys of the Locarno signatory powers, Itaiians Are Elated. The average Italian was reported to be elated, although Germany's offer to re-enter the League when Musso- lini was talking of leaving it caused astonishment and confusion. The Netherlands government, it was learned; intends to give consideration to Hitler's proposal for a 25-year non- aggression pact in which that nation would be included. Moscow was not troubled by the German move, it was indicated, in |~ the apparent belief it may prove a boomerang and hasten French ratifi- cation of the Franco-Soviet mutual assistance pact, already approved by the French Chamber of Deputies. Japan paused tonight in the midst of a grave domestic political crisis to consider the European news. Official spokesmen declined to com- ment until they had had time to digest. developments at Berlin and in the Rhineland. Authoritative quarters, however, ex- dislike for the Franco-Soviet pact of | mutual military assistance. Geneva was understood to see both good and bad sides to Hitler's ac- | | bands, sons and sweethearts will bear tion, which was considered as throw- ing down the gantlet to France and Britain, but nevertheless partially rec- onciling both by putting forward peace proposals. The importance of next week's League Council meeting to consider oil sanctions against Italy faded into the background because of the grave threat of trouble in the heart of Europe. Officials throughout Europe appear- ed to have taken the cue from Hitler's own exhortation to avoid snap judg- ment and were trying to keep the flame from reaching the powder keg. It was generally admitted that Hit- ler's abrogation of the Locarno pact and his remilitarization of the Rhine- land was executed at the most oppor- tune moment from his viewpoint. Although Europe has known for a long time that Gemany’'s move in the Rhineland was only a question of time, British authoriites have pro- fessed to believe up to the final mo- ment that it would be put off for a few months, at least until after the Olym- pic games were over. Some London observers felt that France's decision to appeal to the League for support of the Locarno | pact was the sanest way out. Lansbury, it was thought, spoke the thoughts of millions of British in his declaration: “Myself, who am very old; you, who are growing old; and all like us owe it to the youth and young POSITION . . . PRESTIGE . . . PROMOTION follow that EXTRA accomplishment ANOTHER LANGUAGE French . . Spanish Htaltan . . German Made as Easy as English by the Berlitz Method THE BERLITZ METHOD IS THE SAME METHOD BY- WHICH YOU LEARNED ENGLISH Only at the Berlits School may you expect fenuine Berllts instruction in any s ol Individual no other lmtl!u; ngu: tlon can voffer yours in a ret Ber lite Gchool cl‘ll instruction. Day or eumu. Rel- ble rates on easy paymi Y NEW C] L ASSES H IS COMING K — RESERVE . A CON- IENT HOUR—N O W! ERLIT SCHOOL OF I.ANGI.IAGES France Expected ToShow42,000,000 In Census Now On By the Associated Press. PARIS, March 7.—France will count her inhabitants tomorrow in a nation-wide census. An army of census-takers will pass from house to house, collecting slips which were left earlier in the week. On these slips are supposed to be answers to numerous questions, in- tended to show not only the number of inhabitants but various statistics. The census 1. taken every five years, the last one in 1931 showing 41,834,- 923 persons in France, not including 93,928 French soldiers and sailors in the colonies. Little increase, if any, in the popu- lation is expected to be revealed when the total is known—probably near the end of April. Although the death rate is falling, 50 is the birth rate. Quite | a few foreign workers have returned | prepared to draft a record naval ap- propriation bill to add to the Army fund already approved by the House. Hearings on the $549,591,299 Navy bill have been completed, and the Appropriations Subcommittee, head- ed by Representative Cary, Democrat, of Kentucky, will start work this week drafting the measure which tops last year's appropriation by $67,859,920. The War Department bill carrying $545,226,318, also a peace-time record breaker, now is pending in the Senate. ‘The Navy Appropriations Subcome mittee was described reliably as stronge ly inclined toward airplane construce tion as a paramount part of the nae tional defense program. The Navy bill is expected to carry at least $26,000,000 for building 333 new air- planes. It will carry nearly $14,000,000 for construction of 12 destroyers and 6 submarines and a total of $182,500,000 for ship construction. Considerable testimony has been taken in regard to the effectiveness of anti-aircraft guns as compared with airplanes in defense problems. At least one member of the committee ‘was understood to favor large expendi- tures for a new model machine-gun anti-aircraft weapon. Hearings before the Naval Commit- tee bristled with talk of war in the Pacific and the possible “menace of the Orient.” Plans are being drawn for a West Coast defense program and introduc- tion of a bill authorizing the work is expected before Congress adjourns. Its details have not been made known. Offering My Lon' Experience “and Known Reputation for Reliable DENTISTRY At prl:el about !3 to their native countries since the de- | pression. Consequently, the popula- ' tion is likely to be less than 42,000,000. Because of the Frenchman’s sus- | picious reluctance to tell anything| about his personal affairs, the govern- ! ment has taken care to assure him | that the requested information would be withheld from the tax collector and | the police. MURDER THREATS TRACED TO RUXTON Detective Testifies Defendant Showed Animosity Toward Town Official. By the Associated Press. MANCHESTER, England, March 7. | —A detective testified today that Dr. Buck Ruxton, on trial for the murder of his wife and a nursemaid, once said he “could murder” another man. The other man, said Detective Con- stable John Winstanley, was Robert James Edmondson, assistant solicitor | in the Lancaster town clerk’s office. The crown was trying to bring out that Dr. Ruxton was jealous of his | wife, whose dismembered body was | found last Fall in the Scottish border | ravine known as “The Devil's Beef- | tub.” | Ruxton told police last October 4 | that his wife and the nursemaid had | | disappeared September 15. Detective Winstanley and Inspector | T. D. Clark testified that Ruxton at manhood of this generation to face | this crisis with honesty, courage and | faith. | “We do not dare to let the catas- | trophe of 1914 happen again. Those | who will be called upon to fight if war comes, and the women whose hus- | the brunt of the slaughter are entitled | to know why blood should again soak \ the plains of Europe. “The British Parliament and people‘ possess & real opportunity to lead the | world away from barbarism.” Officials declared the Ambassadors | of Great Britain, Italy and Belgium will see Flandin tomorrow, bringing | the responses of their governments to the French request for announce- ment of their attitudes. The foreign minister planned to call a meeting of the Italian, British and Belgian Ambassadors Sunday evening to map a common stand at Geneva. Flandin will ask the League on Tuesday to consider Germany's violation of the Locarno and Ver- sailles treaties. TERMITES Our Policy o~ Good Work—Honest Information Satisfied Customers Free Inspection. Guaranteed Treatment RMITE CONTROL CO. A Washington-Owned Company. Nat'l Press Bldg. 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