Evening Star Newspaper, July 15, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON. D. C MONDAY .. uly 15, 1935 THEODORE. W. NOYES..........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylv New Ycrk Office: 110 Ea 2nd 8t. ichigen Buliding, €. Chicago Office: Lake M European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Engiand Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star The Evening_and Sunday Star when 4 Sundays) Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) .. 6Bc per munth The Sunday Star..... y ¢ per copy Night Final Edition. Night Final and Sunday Star 70c per month Night Final Star 55¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. $1 45¢ per month 60¢ per month Daily only Bunday only Daily and Daily only Sunday only $12.00; SR.00: 1 mo Sunday 1 yr. 1yr i $5.00: 1 mo. 52 yrs Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this Daper and also the local news published herein: All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved s The Soviet Trade Deal. Although it comprehends a volume of business vastly less than the billion- dollar figures glibly talked about after recognition of the Soviet, the reciprocal trade arrangement into which the United Btates and the Moscow government have Jjust entered provides for substant.al aa- vantages to both countries. The Soviet undertakes to purchase $30,000.000 worth of American goods during the next year, and in return for that guar-" antee Russian wares entering this coun- try will have the benefit of tariff con- cessions made in recently concluded trade agreements with other countries, or which may be made during the life- time of the American-Soviet arrange- | ment. The latter is for one year and is capable of being renewed indefinitely. The agreement will result immeuiately | in more than doubling exports to Russia, because these ‘have averaged only $12.000,000 annually during the vast three years. five-year plan, the Soviet spent $114.- 000.000 in the United States. Since then more of its purchases have been | made in Europe and, to a considerable extent, necessities have been domessi- cally supplied. From this country, hence- forward, the Russians are expected 10 locomotives, | raw | take, for the most part, heavy machinery and equipment, cotton, automobiles and trucks. Last year the Soviet sold to the nited States $12.709,000 worth of furs, coal, sausage casings, manganese and nuscel- laneous metal ores. By reason of the reduced tariff rates on mangancse re- cently granted to Brazil, Russian exports of that article to this country should especially increase, along with sales of other commodities. Secretary Hull's re- ciprocal trade program, alreadv carried into effect with half a dozen nations, i3 based on mutual tariff conccssions. As trade in the Soviet Union is a govern- ment monopoly, it imposes no tariffs on imports. Instead of granting the United States tariff favors, the Russians pledge themselves to spend a fixed amount here during the next year. The deal comes as the result of manv months of futile effort to reach an Amer- ican-Soviet understanding embraciag credits, debts and trade. Moscow having proved unwilling to come to an agree- ment on the several hundred million dollars of Russian debts due to the United States, Washington proved ada- mant on the subject of extension of cred- its which the Soviet demanded as a condition for purchase of American goods. The arrangement just effected is con- fined exclusively to trade. It is obvi- ously a compromise and the best bargain that could be struck under the cicum- stances. On its face, it is a fair and square, give-and-take proposition. As to the debts, the Soviet Union now takes its place among the ten or a dozen other European countries which rank on the books of the United States Treasury as defaulters, and, as such, are barred from access to the American money markets. — b A popular form of government ideal- 1zes the people who create it, even to the extent of picturing the taxpayer as a Prince Fortunatus with an inexhaustible purse. i ——— Illuminated Buildings. One of the most striking and mem- orable "aspects of the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of King George V is that of the rediscovery of the beauty of illuminated buildings. Some unproclaimed genius conceived the idea of flood- lighting monumental edifices like West- minster Abbey and the Houses of Par- liament, and the moment the first ex- periments had been completed success- fully the notion was adopted everywhere. Buckingham Palace, by day a relatively undistinguished mansion, became by night a silver harmony of architectural grace and grandeur. The lofty dome of St. Paul's Cathedral was metamorphosed into an ivory cloud above the darkling city. 8ir Christopher Wren's series of belfries appeared in a new glory of radi- ance. At Salisbury the tallest spire in England was raised to even greater heights of aspiration by the magic of scores of hidden artificial moons. The effect is curious beyond descrip- tion. Structures old and stained and battered take on a glamour which cannot be told in words. Pristine youth returns to them, and they stand against the curtain of the night in untarnished splendor such as they knew when first they were finished. Small wonder it is that crowds of people flock to each of the numberless spectacles and stand in the streets in silent admiration of the miracle of luminous designs. Paris, too, has spotlighted her land- marks. Notre Dame, the Arc de Triomphe, the Madeleine and the Place Concorde are bathed in cool flame each b In 1930, in the midst of its | 5 | College to prepare students for their evening, and the metropolis has & poetry of atmosphere after sunset which it un- happily lacks at noon. Certainly it is true that the illumina- tion of buildings is no novelty. Ameri- cans who have seen St. Peter's in Rome ablaze with candles know that it, rather, is old—perhaps as old as the Eternal City itself. But electrical sclence has perfected the technique, and it is obvious that its popularity will lead to its ex- tension, Washington, for example, years ago had the Capitol, the Washington Monument and the Cathedral lighted, and the time doubtless will come when practically all the worthy edifices of the Federal District will be included in the display. The cost is not exorbitant, and the results from the expenditure are in- spiring. It need not be added that any- thing that lifts the human heart to nobler courage is justified by the fruits of that power. o Something Wrong. Two matters of interest arise in con- nection with the failure of eleven out of fourteen graduates of Wilson Teachers’ College to pass the examination for kin- dergarten-primary teacher positions in the Washington schools. The first is the ‘ reason for this unaccountable failure. The second is Dr. Ballou's statement that these and other pertinent statistics, bearing on the results of other such examinations, are not “public property” and are therefore not to be revealed. As for the failure of the students, it is to be recalled tHat only the pupiis who attain high rank in their higa school courses are admitted to Wilson for the four-year teachers’ course. Thev above-the-average pupils to begin witn. | Their graduation at Wilson carries with | it a degree, which in itself should repre- sent & high academic standard. And when only three of fourteen Wilson graduates are able to pass a teacher examination, the fault is apparentlv due to failure by the authorities to ordinate the training course with the ground covered in the examination. There are indications that this is the case. Some of the examination ques- tions appear not to have been covered during the four-year coilege coulse. Of course, statistics which indicete the success or failure of Wilson Teachers’ co- chosen work are “public property.” The statistics, not the names or personali- ties of those involved in the .ests, should | It not | be accessible for public study. “public property,” whose property are they? Dr. Ballous? The Board of Education's? The school officials™ Wilson Teachers’ College is supported by public funds as a part of the pubiic school system. It was made & college in fairness to local students, who, with- | out college training, could not <om fairly with college-trained candidates for District teacher positions from the | States. It is the duty of the ruperin- tendent of schools and the Board of Education to determine the cause of defects revealed, and it is part of their responsibility to the public to make it | known. e Circus Trials. With the American Bar Association’s strong condemnation of the circus side- | show aspects of the Hauptmann trial & | large majority of American citizens will | agree, willingly applauding any effort at future remedy the bar association may make when some other trial comes | along. “To treat a simple trirl as a public show,” the resolution states, “* * * is to cheapen life itself by causing people | generally to undervalue the life of the criminal, and to increase the morbid desire of sensation seekers.” That is undoubtedly true. But other matters relating to this trial are to be borne in mind: It was not a “simple” trial, in one sense of the word, but the trial of the man accused of the crime of the century. There has never been so much public intérest in any previous trial. And aside from the execrable taste shown by some of the spectators, most of the acting at the trial was done by the lawyers, manifestly playing for the headlines. The major share of responsibility in preventing such spectacles as the Haupt- mann trial rests on the bench and on the bar. They conduct the trial. They lend it dignity, or they give it the ele- ments of a public show. And in their hands lies the power of remedy. ——————— 5 A baby may take its nourishment where and when it chooses. Publicity experts were suddenly deprived of what, for a moment, looked like a great opportunity to advertise, from congressional gal- leries, a specially designed polite nursing bottle. s e Old-time constitutionalists do not hesi- tate to oppose “must” legislation with an occasional “Thou shalt not.” oo irst Sunset Concert. Perhaps some Washington music-lov- ers were slightly skeptical when the plan for the sunset concerts of the National Symphony Orchestra was announced. They may have wondered if the idea really would work out satisfactorily. 8o accustomed were they to Constitution Hall as the home of the organization, that they probably were doubtful about the wisdom of the experiment of moving out-of-doors. They knew, of course, that open-air band concerts are no novelty. The question in their minds was predicated on their fear that the more delicate, less powerful instruments of Dr. Hans Kindler’s artists might be handicapped by emancipation from an auditorium—was there not danger that the subtler phrases of harmony would be lost under the untrammeled sky? But all such agnosticism must have been banished effectively by the success of the first concert. A muiltitude of people, assembled on the river bank at the Lincoln Memorial, waited breath- lessly for the initial passages of the primary offering. If was a memorable moment when Dr. Kindigr's baton sum- moned the first notes out of-the bril- liantly lighted shell. The magic of b are | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., MONDAY, JULY 15, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. his genius never before achieved such a victory. Those listening felt some- how that a miracle was being accom= plished while they watched—beauty was being made to order in their hearing. Evyerybody agreed that the occasion was a triumph. In fine, a distinctive asset had been added to the life of the Nation's Capital. Forthcoming recitals, almost surely, will attract even larger crowds. Admis- sion charges are so reasonable that no one need forego the pleasure of at- tendance. The democracy of music in Washington has been established once and for all—and without any com- promise with artistic values. Dr. Kin- dler again has placed the community in his debt, and every member of his company merits the gratitude of the public for the splendid spirit of co- operation which went so far to make the event a never-to-be-forgotten ex- perience. _— ———- Some of Prof. Einstein’s theories need revision. The intellectual occupation they afford proves the more delightful because the operations of the universe need not be in any way suspended to await results of their scientific discus- sion, ¥ It has been philosophically remarked that the whirligig of time brings strange revenges. Atlantic City Boardwalk pa- raders now complain of abbreviated cos tumes worn by some of the police. T e A conservative tendency of thought in- sists that relief should not become a part of the political game and that there hould at least be a four-billion-dollar limit. aoe o The Fourth of July has been the means of introducing new dangers in toy weapons. Oratory is preferable to explosions which may go to the other | extreme and produce lockjaw. e The League of Nations might have po- liced the world were it not for the highly magnified problem of keeping the police out of politics. . ————- As business accumulates in Congress, it may be doubted whether it can all be disposed of in time for a unanimous Thanksgiving day celebration. e Theodore Roosevelt cannot be quite forgotten. “miscreants of great wealth,” not to mention “the short and ugly word.” . Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON In the Open. Once again the sky is shining With a silver Summer glow, And you find your thoughts inclining To the river's foaming flow; To a place where rustling branches 8ing a sweet eternal song, Or 'mongst cattle on the ranches, Where all life seems big and strong. ‘Where the roads are blossom-bordered; Where the stars shine far and free, And the universe seems ordered Just as it was meant to be; Where each passing mood is gracious, Of the ever-changing day; | Where outdoors is none too spacious And a house is in the way. Taking Sides. “Which side of this controversy do you take?” “Wait till it's over,” replied Senator Sorghum. “It is wiser not to make a selection until you see which side is to remain uppermost.” A Constant Reader. “What is your favorite diversion in Summer?” asked the serious girl. “Reading,” replied the young man who | was trying to make an impression. “But don't you need outdoor recrea- tion?” “Yes. T stand outdoors and read the base ball bulletins.” Literal. Come, friend, with me; 1 tell you true, I have a bone To pick with you. The shad his charm Does now renew— I have a bone To pick with you. Ancestral Advantage. “Some of the founders of noble lines couldn't read and write.” “Yes,” replied Miss Cayenne. “If they had been accomplished in matters of language they might have organized associations and fought among them- selves instead of going forth to meet the foe.” Dreams. He dreamt of castles in the air That rose with stately grace. Where gallant men and women fair Were garbed in silks and lace. He dreamt of homage claimed by fear. He saw himself supreme. The humbled hordes with gifts drew near— And it was but a dream. Again he dreamt—of house enough To shelter love and toil; Of friends who helped oer journeys rough And of a generous soil Where industry might find its share Of good, when work was through, And song and laughter filled the air— And then his dreams came true. “Regardless of what he happens to be sayin',” remarked Uncle Eben, “a good talker kin make you mistake a deep voice an’' a solemn face foh genuine wisdom.” The Great Crash. Prom the Danville (Il.) Commerclal-News. When the Abundant Life comes into collision with Share-the-Wealth, which is the irresistible force and which the immovable body? £ There are still before us | - THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. ‘The Business Advisory Council of the Department of Commerce is by no means planning to fold up, despite re- ports to that effect. In fact, H. P. Kene dull, president of the Kendall Co.’ Boston, is firmly of the opinion that President Roosevelt needs sound advice from business, particularly when it omes to the drafting of legislation that |Tects closely the business of the coun- try. Nor does Mr. Kendall subscribe to the report that the council, set up by Secretary Roper, has been able to accomplish little or nothing. The coun- cil has taken a great deal of interest in its work and will continue to' do so, he says. * * * *x _ The future activities of the Business Advisory Council are to be mapped out by a “Program and Planning Commit- tee,” appointed at a meeting of the coun- cil attended by 30 or more of the mem- bers and held in Secretary Roper’s office. Mr. Kendall is planning himself to take the program to President Roosevelt, probably some time in September. There is no doubt that the business men who are giving their time to the work of the Advisory Council are anxious to know just where they stand with the administration and whether their efforts are merely to be wasted. Mr. Kendall is expected to ask the President just where the council comes in, in the gen- eral picture of planning. Mr. Kendall is one of those who believes that the ad- ministration could save itself a lot of grief if it would listen to the advice of men who have had practical experi- ence in business, in production and em- | ployment, and not rely too strongly on theoriscs. X k% In addition to Mr. Kendall, the new Program and Planning Committee of the Advisory Council is composed of De Lancey Kountz, Devoe & Reynolds Co., Inc., New York; Gerard Swope, presi- dent, General Electric Co., New York; R. Douglas Stuart, vice president, Quaker Oats Co., Chicago; Morris E. Leeds, president, Leeds & Northrup, Philadelphia; Walter C. Teagle, presi- dent, Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey), New York, and John H. Fahey, chairman, | Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Wash- ington, D. C. Mr. Kendall says of this committee: “The Program and Planning Committee appointed today will carry on its efforts during the balance of the Summer and some time during September the mem- bers of the council will meet again to continue their efforts. One of the plans suggested for the future of the council was that the members be elected for a three-year period, with one-third of the membership rotating yearly.” * x * x Ohio holds one of the early J)reslden- .tlal preferential primaries next year. According to reports received here, a group of Republicans in the Buckeye State are planning to invite Senator | William E. Borah of Idaho to permit his name to go before the voters in the Republican primary when the right time comes. Under the Ohio State pri- mary law, a candidate whose name goes | on the ballot for presidential preference | must give his assent in Writing. Senator Borah is saying nothing about the sug- gestion that he get actively into the race for the presidential nomination next year. It will be time for him to say whether or not he will permit his name to go before the voters in the Ohio pri- mary when he has received the invita- tion, he says. . x *x x As a matter of fact, however, more and more people are talking of the Idaho | Senator as the proper candidate to place on the Republican ticket against Roose- | velt. Itisargued that, in the first place, Borah is a great speaker and a great campaigner. It is further argued that, while Senator Borah is a progressive, he would proceed strictly in accordance with the law and the Constitution if he were Chief Executive and that the aeoplo need not fear his administra- on. Borah has played a lone hand for many years. He has been independent. In 1928 he made a most effective cam- paign in the interests of former Presi- dent Herbert Hoover. But within a short time after Mr. Hoover had been inaugurated President, Borah was en- tirely off the reservation. Those Re- publicans who believe that the party must pick a progressive and get as far away from the Old Guard as possible say that Borah is the ideal candidate. - x x x Next year Senator Borah mus | ust come | Green Bay, Wis. up for re-election. to the Senate. His term expires in 1937. He must decide, therefore, whether he wishes to be re- nominated for the Senate or whether he desires to make the race for the presi- dential nomination and for the presi- dency. The present Governor of Idaho, a Democrat, C. Bet Ross, has had ambi- tions to succeed Senator Borah in the Senate, it is reported. Indeed, he would like to make the contest next year. How- ever, the Governor has had his own troubles, politically speaking, in recent months, and beating Borah is no easy job in Idaho under any circumstances. The Idaho Senator was 70 years old last month. He is, however, vigorous, and his admirers insist that he not only is capable of making a brilliant campaign, but that he would make a valuable Chief Executive if elected. *x %2 ‘Whether Mr.Hoover himself is prepar- ing to be a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination or not, there are signs that some of his former intimate friends and associates are seeking to bring his nomination about. Among those who are mentioned in connection with these plans are Walter Brown of Ohio, Postmaster General in the Hoover cabinet, and Pat Hurley of Oklahoma, former Secretary of War under Hoover. It is insisted by those who believe Mr. Hoover should be the party standard bearer that he is the logical man, that no other candidate, outstanding, has been developed, and that it is time to lay the groundwork of the coming cam- paign. * x ok x ‘How far this campaign for Mr. Hoover will go remains to be seen.- There has been no indication yet that the former President has given it his blessing. To many of the Republicans in Congress and out, however, it does not appear that Mr. Hoover can be nominated in the next Republican National Convention. The talk in Ohio is that the Republican faction led by Walter Brown is ready to have a dummy presidential prefer- ence candidate put forward to be voted for on the first ballot, but with the un- derstanding that he would be ready to withdraw thereafter in favor of Mr. Hoover. It all sounds rather compli- cated. B ———rae——————— Error in the Record. Prom the Boston Transcript. You can easily understand how, when the Congressional Record erroneously reported that one Representative had spoken both for and against the utilities bill, the error went undetected for some time, - [. | noise, | about any others. but show no objection, merely interest | | later in the Summer. The bumblebees were having s fine time with the rhododendron blossoms. They were at it by daylight every morning, sending their high-pitched drone all over the house. All day long, until darkness took them back to their homes, they could be heard at the flowers, nestling amid the dark green leathery leaves. It is a curious thing that the common name, the rosebay, should have no appeal to the masses. In this one case at least the popular ear prefers rhododendron and the lay- man’s tongue has no trouble with it. Yet the word “rosebay” is pretty, as easy to say, and much easier to spell. * x oK% Bumblebees do not worry about pro- nunciation. They find the flowers much to their taste, that is all, and never leave them alone for a second. Another curious thing is how little some of us know about the insects. Do bumblebees make honey? And is bumblebee honey good? We innocently think these creatures make honey for their own use entirely. The question is, what does it taste like? Bulky creatures, every one, they hum constantly in a drone which easily pene- trates the dining room, on the north where the “rhodies” are, through the liv- ing room, up the steps. While the hum is by no means the loudest noise in Nature, it is pretty fair for the size of the bee. There is something clownlike about these fellows, find them where you will. In the forests, winging their way over plains, in suburban communities, or in the very hearts of cities, the bumble or humble bees seem among our merriest citizens. No doubt they are as vastly serious as all their breed. While the flowers bloom is their time. Whether they have pref- erences, like their smaller cousins, is a question, . Surely they like the rhododendrons. Not since the white and pink blossoms | began to open have they been absent so much as a minute. Their heavy drone is to be heard con- stantly, at times becoming annoying. Which is the most easily tolerated depends upon the listener. Objection to noise is purely man made. No doubt it arises solely because man so0 often overdoes all that he does. The creatures in Nature make their noises, each after its kind, without complaining They hear them, and fear, according to the noise. Man alone of the creatures has evolved | noises to the point where they have become nuisances to him. It is questionable even then if he would mind any of them were he as healthy as | he used to be. Owing to types of ill health, mainly concerned with the nervous system, man | has found noises so upsetting that con- certed movements are being made in some of our largest cities against them. | It is high time. An entire book devoted to the subject | is being issued shortly. As far as we know, this will be the first effort to treat the subject so. Mostly people kick against noises and hope for their end- | ing. There is not much else the average human being can do about it. * ore The noises of Nature, peculiarly so, are not nearly as likely to upset human the constant, or the recurrent, | nerves as those types of noise created by man and his various machines. This must depend, of course, upon the state of the aforementioned nerves. There are some persons who growl mightily about the nightly chorus of bullfrogs, whereas the very next person will swear he enjoys it. There is & man in this town who never heard the famous ker-plunk of the bullfrog until this Summer. He came down to the office and de- scribed the peculiar noise. “Why,” he sald, in all innocence, “it sounds for all the world as if some one were beating on the bottom of a rusty bucket at intervals.” “That's & frog,” said a friend, with the finality of a country boy. Sure enough it was. Thereafter the gentleman listened each night to the noise, at time finding it difficult to credit the croak to a throat of flesh and blood. If he woke in the night he listened for it. The sound was to him a fascinating one. Probably if there had been a veritable chorus, except one in a pool, he would have found it otherwise. * KK X A disconcerting noise to some is the €00-00-00 of the dove. It is a lugubrious song, to be sure, but the doves like it and even the human listener who does not may come in time to admire it if he will keep in mind that, amid a veritable chorus of harsher noises, it is one of the few really soft notes to be heard on the average air. The dove is the contralto of birds. Most of our common songsters special- | ize in bright, shrill notes, high pitched, far carrying. B When we think of the querulous squawk of the jay, the angry chatter of the wrens, the meow of the catbird, we are more inclined to think well of the somewhat melancholy notes of the dove. It has a place in Nature, one which is very old and so well known that all should try to make the best of it. | Perhaps there is no country sound more familiar. * ¥ ¥ ¥ Even the devastating chuckle of the owl, heard in the cool night, is not as bad as it sounds. In time the most sensitive person will forget the sinister character of the weird | laugh. He will concentrate on the unusual quality. Surely, with the exception of the loon, few sounds in Nature are of this exact type. It is interesting to think that such owl sounds are coming from a branch not 20 feet away. Perhaps a genuine loon of the sort so well recorded on an ancient phono- graph disk will some time stray this way. What a treat that record was (and still would be, perhaps, if one would | unearth it from the basement). Its high spot was the cry of the tim- | ber wolf, which, even in imitation, made | the blood run cold. There was a brace of noises for you, the cries of the ani- | | mal and the bird, the timber wolf and the loon. Contrasted with these, the ordinary sounds of frog and dove seem soundless, almost. So it is with the hum of the big bumblebees, forever drinking nectar from the large flowers of the leathery rhododendrons. Their incessant drone is a part of * Summer’s music. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. If President Roosevelt is “slipping” politically, as is nowadays commonly al- leged, no sign of it is discoverable in the wholesale demands upon him for® speeches when he crosses the country From practically every section which he is expected to | visit there are numerous requests for | public addresses on one occasion or an- other. So far, F. D. R. has made no definite speechmaking engagements of | any kind, though it is taken for granted that he will utilize his visit to Boulder Dam as an opportunity for a keynote utterance on the power policy which lles so close to his heart. At the San Diego Exposition, too, he is sure to have something to say, perhaps on Pacific affairs, in which the coast has a para- mount interest. Mr. Roosevelt has inti- mated that he may make only one real “political speech” during the entire trip, following the precedent of last year at Impromptu rear-plat- form talks, are, of course, in prospect. Politicians are persuaded that, by and large, the President’s utterances during the forthcoming swing around the circle will be the opening guns in his campaign for re-election. L Postmaster General Jim Farley has been busy for two and a half years try- ing to find out exactly who was F. R. B. C—For Roosevelt Before Chicago. One of the main objects of his impend- ing expedition across the continent is to find out who and how many are F. R. R. N—For Roosevelt Right Now. The Democratic national chairman, in other words, is bent upon discovering with his own expert eyes and ears to just what extent the President’s popu- larity has slumped. The chief scout’s findings and soundings may to & con- siderable extent determine Mr. Roose- velt's itinerary during the ensuing weeks and also suggest where presidential speeches can be most usefully delivered. One thing about which “Sunny Jim” will not have to worry himself during his travels is the lining up of Roosevelt delegates to the next national conven- tion. That conclave, as all the world now knows, will be a mere love feast assembled to ratify the renomination of Roosevelt and Garner. £ xoxox Word has been passed down the jour- nalistic line that the President discour- ages the use of the term “must legisla- tion” in connection with matters pend- ing on Capitol Hill. He suggests that “desirable legislation” is a much happier and more accurate idiom. It's possible that the “must” idea has been officlally scrapped in consequence of recent evi- dence that Congress resents administra- tion dictatorship in a fleld which is ex- clusively the preserve of House and Senate. There are various indications that the past few days have witnessed something like a restored entente cor- diale between the executive and legis- lative ends of Pennsylvania avenue. Strife from now until the end of the session promises to be correspondingly conspicuous by its absence. * x * x _Norman Armour, who is about to take up his duties as American Minister to Canada, has returned from a vacation trip to Europe and is now undergoing the period of informative preparation at the State Department, customary in the case of an envoy en route to a new post. With St. Lawrence Waterway and recip- rocal tariff matters awaiting considera- tion, Mr. ‘Armour will begin operations at Ottawa with a full agenda of impor- tant business pending between Uncle Sam and the Dominion. he will find that Canada has just given | birth to a third political party, chris- | tened the Reconstruction party. Its founder, former Minister of Trade and Commerce Stevens, deserted the Ben- nett Conservative cabinet to head a “reform” movement. Its ‘program is designed to appeal to all classes except big business and calls for sweeping eco- nomic changes, including government | control of farm markets and operation of gold mines. * ¥ X x According to the National League for | American Citizenship, at New York, aliens are now leaving the United States in considerably greater number than they are entering the country. Accord- ing to Harold Fields, executive director of the league, they are mostly moneyed individuals who have become fearful about the future of the dollar and seek safer havens for their fortunes abroad. * x x x Supreme Court Justice Harlan F. Stone is one of the earliest of Federal | | big-wigs to have his Summer vacation behind him. He sailed from New York on June 4 and spent five weeks motoring through England. The justice and Mrs. | Stone have just returned from the other | side and will pass the remainder of the season on the Maine seashore. Like his brethren of the Supreme bench, Mr. Jus- tice Stone will be kept busy until the October session on the “home work” customarily thrust upon them during the court's recess. ek ox In Secretary Hull's notification, apro- pos the Italo-Ethiopiap war threat, that the United States still believes in the Kellogg pact, foreign diplomats discern continuity of foreign policy, which is more customary abroad than in the United States. President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull, in invoking the anti-war pact at this time, are pursuing the policy initiated by President Hoover and Secre- tary Stimson when the preceding admin- istration called Japan to account in the Manchurian affair. Shortly after his election, Mr. Roosevelt proclaimed that “the sanctity of treaties is the corner stone of international relations.” Last week's reminder to Mussolini reaffirms that this is Uncle Sam’s story and that he’s going to stick to it. (Copyright. 1935.) —e—s Pumps. Prom the Wichita Eagle. Col. Lindbergh, inventing that pump, should have known that what the world needs is not more pumps but better primers. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Breath of Rhapsody Wh:kl:e:louds of gray suffuse the evening I see in them your eyes, your_smrm- gray eyes; Full tides at sea make all my heart rejoice, They echo back the tones of your deep voice; A night of wind and sweeping gusts of rain Re-echoes with your vibrant step again— And days of fervid sun are cooled the while Since I have known the sunlight of your smile. |7 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. .A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing= ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How large is the Croydon Airdrome, near London?—F. D. A. Tt occupies 400 acres and was de- veloped by the air ministry in 1928, be- coming one of the flnest and best equipped airports in the world. Q. If all the heat energy in gasoline could be made available in an automo- bile, how far would a gallon of gas carry & car?—J. 8. L. A. The modern gasoline engine used in autos converts. at best, 25 per cent of the heat energy of the gasoline. Fifteen per cent would be considered a good average figure. At this rate, if 100 per cent effi- ciency could be obtained, which®is, inci- dentally, impossible, a large, heavy car could easily go 60 miles on a gallon of gasoline and a light car could go about 100 miles on a gallon. Q. How many hot dogs are eaten in this country in a year?—L. S. A. Jo Chamberlin writes that 4,500 000,000 are consumed. Four hundr milllon pounds of meat go into tht making. Q. What did tickets cost for the sece ond Tunney-Dempsey fight?>—G. T. A. About 102,450 people paid $2.858,000- or an average of $25.90 each, to see thi! fight. Q. How many broods do a pair of robins produce in a season?—A. M A. They may raise as many as three Mrs. Theodore M. Knappen states she was able to verify this fact during a Summer spent at Lake Minnetonka. Mrs. Knappen was able to identify and observe a female robin that had lost its tail. The marked bird hatched three broods from three different nests on or near the premises in one season. Q. Who discovered the typhoid bacil- lus?—H. A. A. It was first discovered by Eberth in 1880 in the glands of the mesentery and in the spleen. It was not, however, until 1884 that Gaffky obtained the or- ganism in pure culture. Q. To whom did Milton dictate “Para- dise Lost"?—J. F. C. A. About 1658, when Milton was a Incidentally, | | widower, living alone with his three daughters, he began, in total blindness, to dictate “Paradise Lost,” sometimes relving on them, but more often on any kind friend who might assist him. The manuscript, accordingly, shows a variety of handwriting. Q. Why is jelly usually put into glass | jars instead of tin cans?>—C. B. A. There is greater loss of color, flavor and desirable consistency when jelly is kept in tin. For best storage. | jellies should be placed in glass and preferably in rather small containers, Q. Is it possible to tell a crook by his looks?—M. L. A. It is now believed that there is no such thing as a criminal type. Q. What is the origin of the term “vaudeville”?—H. J. A. The name is a corruption of the French Vau de Vire, a picturesque lo- cality in Normandy, where a number of popular humorous songs were written in | the fifteenth century. Q. When was helium discovered?— |8 R. A. It was discovered on the earth in 1895. It was known to be in the sun's | atmosphere as early as 1868. Q. What is a mustang?—E. J. T. A. It is a term applied to the type of horse common in the Western States. Mustangs are partially wild and are descended from the horses left by the Spanish conquerors. They were orig- | inally blooded stock. but because of their being allowed to run on the range for generations would no longer be consid- ered pure bred. Q. What languages are spoken in Bel- gium?—B. W. A. In 1932 the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate adopted the govern- ment's bill which divides Belgium into three sections for administrative pur- poses: In the first, Walloonia, only French will be wused officialy; in Flanders, Flemish; while the Brussels district will remain bilingual. The law does not apply to Eupen and Malmedy, German-speaking annexed districts. Q. Were there any members of the Constitutional Convention who never | attended any of its meetings?—J. C. A. There were ten who were never present. Q. Was Joan Lowell, author of “Cradi on the Deep,” ever an actress?’—F. K. A. She played in moving pictures fc two years and later was leading womay with Paul Rushmore in the “Port London.” She also starred in the “Stid of Bengal.” Q. What caused the Tripolitan War?— NPT A. This war, between the United States and Tripoli in 1801-05, was caused by the refusal of the United States to increase its payment for immunity from the depredations of the Tripolitan cor- sairs. After several engagements, peace was concluded June 4, 1805. Q. Who were the praying Indians?— B P A. In American Colonial history this name was given those New England Indians who were early won to the Christian faith. During Philip's War they remained friendly to the colonists, a company of them enlisting under Ma Gookin in July, 1675. They acted as scouts and spies and rendered valuable service against Philip. Q. How did Bonaparte contribute to | the development of the beet sugar in- dustry?—R. K. A. In 1811 Napoleon Bonaparte, on learning that the culture of beets im- proved the soil, appropriated 1,000,000 francs to encourage the industry which he created by imperial decree. In two years he induced the erection of 334 beet sugar factories. Q. What is the origin of names of United States Navy ships?—S. R. A. The battleships are named for States; cruisers, cities; destroyers, de- ceased naval and Marine Corps officers and enlisted men, f Secretaries of the Navy and Gon::gnn who have been closely identified with naval affairs; mine sweepers, birds; submarines, fish; oil tankers, rivers in oil States; repair, ships, mythical characters or places; gunboats, islands and cities; Navy tugs, Indian tribes; transport ships, famous battles; supply ships, synonyms for cold; hospital ships, synonyms for kindness: aircraft carriers, ous fighting shi and important tles of our early American history. A A