Evening Star Newspaper, June 15, 1935, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY......June 15, 1835 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. Editor The Evening sur Newspaper Company Business Office. 11th st "and | P-umy)nm. Ave N.w York Office: 110 East 42nd St icazo Office: u)z H‘:um‘m B“"d‘nlll iropean Off\ gent St.. Londol Rate by cufler jer Within the City. Edition. premin BEST B i venine and Sunday “§0c per month ; R A o 5¢ ver copy Night Final Edition Nieht Finai and Sunday Star 70c per month Night Final Star 55¢ per month ccuecuon made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Bailr and Sunday 00: 1'mo. s8¢ Dail- only 1 mo Sundas only 3900 1 mo. 20 All Other States and Canada. Bails and Sunday } vr. 81200 1 mo. $1.00 Dailv only 1yr’ $800:1mo. 75c Sundas only 135 3500 1mo Aoe Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en. 151 titled to the use for republication of all | T not other: publication of special are also reserved —_——}————— “Temporary” Nuisance Taxes. ‘The House Ways and Means Com- mittee presumably intends to confine tax legislation at this session to two- year extension of the so-called nuis- ance taxes of the 1932 revenue act, together with the three-cent postage for first-class non-local mail. At least | the joint resolution reported from the committee yesterday made no mention of the proposal now under discussion | for a graduated inheritance tax. The resolution, in fact, partakes of the nature of emergency action, for the nuisance and other taxes would auto- matically expire at the end of this fiscal vear, and if the resolution is not enacted before that time there would be resulting loss of revenue which the Government can not well afford to stand. As for the taxes to be extended, the committee report shows again that hope springs eternal in the human breast. It advocates removal of the three-cent postage rate and the “tem- porary” taxes, but explains the time has not been reached when this is practical. But there is still hope: The two-year extension period is selected merely because it is not yet apparent that these additional rev- | enues can be spared before the expira- tion of such a period. However, if conditions permit, the Congress can, of course, remove these taxes in whole or in part before the expiration of such period. The statement is reminiscent of the President’s message to Congress on | the N. R. A. legislation, May 17, two years ago, when he suggested the im- position of certain temporary taxes to | raise $220,000,000 to service the Gov- ernment’s borrowing program, neces- sary to carry out the public works program. The President suggested no specific taxes. But he wrote: The taxes to be imposed are for the purpose of providing re-employment for our citizens. made for their reduction or elimina- tion: First—As fast as increasing rev- enues from improving business become available to replace them; Second—Whenever the repeal of the eighteenth amendment now pending before the States shall have been rati- fied and the repeal of the Volstead act effected. The pre-prohibition rev- | enue laws would then automatically ! g0 into effect and yield enough wholly | to eliminate these temporary re-em- Pployment taxes. When Congress enacted the N. R. A. | legiflation it included under the head- | ing “Re-employment and Relief Taxes” a number of provisions which extended until June 30, 1935, nuisance | and other taxes which, under the 1932 revenue act, would automatically have expired in 1934. But it carefully speci- fied these taxes, which, in keeping with the President’s promises of tax relief, would be repealed automatically at the close “of the first fiscal year ending June 30 of any year after the year 1933 during which the total re- | ceipts of the United States * * * ex- ceed its total expenditures” or “the | repeal of the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution, earlier.” The repeal of the eighteenth amend- ment, of course, was the earlier. And with that event half a cent was stricken from the gas tax, together | with taxes on dividends, the capital stock tax and the excess profits tax. But other taxes—and there is a long | list of them—which were extended in the National industrial recovery act | after their “temporary” life was ended remained and were not affected by | repeal of the eighteenth amendment or by the increased revenues anticipated to flow as the result of recovery legis- lation. Now they are being extended for two years more. And to the orig- inal $3,300,000,000 appropriated for re- lief activities the Government has added $4,880,000,000 for relief activi- ties. Next month, Mr. Harry Hopkins hopes, a substantial portion of the 3,500,000 persons on the relief rolls will be on the works-relief rolls. ——————— One of the most interesting features of the Nation's Capital was unobserved by the crowds of visitors. The fili- buster is a quaint, archaic specimen that still holds political and sociologi- | cal influence. Sl 1t 1s feared that a parole too often | constitutes an overwhelming tempta- tion to backslide. e e—— Pass the Leave Bill! In reporting out the bill to restore to Pederal employes the thirty-day annual leave privilege formerly en- | Joyed, the House Civil Service Com- mittee has moved to t & re- striction that was unn:::iflly im- posed and should by all means be lifted. ‘The economy act of July 1, 1932, put annual leave on a fifteen-day basis, under the mistaken idea that it would effect a saving. It was dif- ficult at the time to understand how this would be brought ebout, inazmuch a2 the work of those on leave custo- Provisions should be | whichever is the and no figures ever have been present- ed to show that the Government benefited five cents’ worth. From the employes’ standpoint it | has been bad. For those with resi- | dences any distance from Washing- ton, for example, & trip home has, of necessity, been a sketchy affair, even though the entire fifteen days could be used. And when every minute away from duty over the year had to be charged ngainst the leave period the “fifteen days' " allowance has had a habit of shrinking. Linked with the annual leave lib- eralization is a new sick-leave pro- vision that also will be helpful. While sick leave now is generally thirty Gays—though in some branches fif- teen—the new legislation would make it fifteen universally, but allow it to be cumulative up to one hundred and twenty days. The advantage of this feature, which allows a worker to save leave against a possible protracted llines, is obvious. It might well be pointed out, too, that the sick leave provision has not been abused, for the average annual sick leave taken | by employes is only seven days. The cumulative provision, with the ! same 120-day limit, also is embodied | in the annual leave legislation. Employes have worked earnestly for the bill, which now has started on its | way. Early passage by the House is | predicted confidently, and it is to be | hoped that the Senate also will act promptly. - Another Default Day. Fifteen European nations, under | formal funding agreements with the United States, are obligated to pay on this June 15 stipulated semi-an- nual installments on account of prin- | cipal and interest. With the single | exception of Finland, whose debt of | $8,636,625 is fragmentary compared to the grand total of $13,438,703.671 | due us, none of our debtors is meeting | its obligations. Great Britain, France | and Italy, which owe the overwhelm- ingly largest amounts, have formally announced their continued intention | to refrain from making payments. | Others have followed suit. All are content to rank as defaulters in the sense of the Johnson law, which bans foreign countries in that category from further access to the American money market. Virtually all of the debtor countries take the position that their domestic conditions do not permit resumption of debt payments. In nearly all cases, | too, readiness is expressed to reopen negotiations in the hope, implied rather than uttered, that the United States will be prepared sooner or | later to make further concessions in the way of cancellation through re- | duction of either principal or interest. The language used by Premier Laval in apprising the State Department that France for the sixth time de- | faults on her installment is typical | of European debt sentiment. *The French government,” M. Laval says, | “is ready to seek & basis of settlement acceptable to both countries as soon as circumstances permit. It being impossible to formulate a proposal, it | can only hope there will be a satis- | factory evolution in the situation such as to justify in the near future the opening of negotiations to discuss the | prompt accord for which both coun- | tries alike hope.” | While most Americans believe it to | be unlikely that any substantial por- |tion of the $13,000,000,000-0dd debt | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. in Italy, is plainly a part of tae Ital- ian program of assault upon the inde- pendence of Ethiopia. ‘The tale is shrewdly conceived. For it is not at all unlikely that Lawrence, if living, would be disposed to do just that sort of thing. And if he did it at all he would do it in just about that way. But the circumstances of his fatal accident and his death and burial are too explicit te justify any rredence whatever in the tale thai is now told It is much easier to account for the imaginative dispatch from Port Said and the subsequent “appearance” of Lawrence at Addis Ababa. Just at present the Italian press—which is strictly censored— is engaged in a campaign of criticism of England in connection with the Ethiopian adventure of Il Duce. Even if the edition of Ottobre containing the Lawrence tale is “suppressed,” as was another edition of the same newspaper which declared that Eng- land could have a war with Italy if she wanted it, a certain purpose will have been effected, from the Italian point of view, Lawrence stories will probably con- | tinue for a long time, for he was| Jjust the type of man to become a perennial mystery. ety ——— Turkish, Egyptian and Arabian splendors have been in evidence here. The public has enjoyed pageantry to a degree that will bring welcome to a change from colorful silks and velvets to plain, every-day business suits. S e Ladies who are beautiful and blond and domestically correct might be justified in organizing a society to protest against the indiscriminate classification of the type by the police | reporters, e According to some analysts, the methods of political harangue often revert to the old horse and buggy. The use of motor cars does not alter the | ancient methods of persuasion, S I A S The suburban tavern where murder bribes are discussed is far from the ideal of the poet who wrote “Let me live in a house by the side of the | road and be a friend to man.” ———— An assemblage of brass bands cre- nm regrets that John Fhilip Sousa could not have survived to compose | more marches. It is clearly intimated that the re- cent gorgeous parade is not the only one the President expects to review from the same position. e——— If Ed Howe were to write another | “Story of a Country Town."” he could put more sensationalism into it by | laying the scene in Rockville. Multimillionaires too often discover that in estimating their wealth some kind-hearted bookkeeper holding out the bad news, o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON The Commuter. | Oh, strange amphibian; never quite content; Seeking to find a different element, You make a plunge into the country air . When you grow weary of the city's glare. has been | mmhummtu-m- uine lack. There are buildings, parks, people, be everywhere. 1t is only now and then, in com- paratively rare moments, that we yearn for mountains, far vistas, sea space. ‘These latter things, scenery to most of us. A wide sweep of farm land is, also. An up-and-down terrain, especially, is what many of us cherish. ‘The universal flatness of the city scene, even the vista possible being cut off by houses, is what palls upon surely, are * ok % % Amid such scenes, however, we live most of our lives. Travel, therefore, comes to be the usual way out. The annual vacation is useful for this purpose, even more than the of scene, air, plenty of sunshine and exercise, change of occupation, ete. Many a person who little realizes it. nevertheless finds the memories of scenic beauty the figest things brought away from the vacation. Although travel and vacations are the most popular ways of escaping from the universal monotony of the civic scene, there still is one other way, sometimes used by astute per- either do not or cannot travel. This method is simply that of cre- ating scenery, in little, in their own gardens. The Japanese began this centuries ago. Any one who has seen a genuine Japanese garden, either in actuality | or in expert paintings or color pho- | tographs, knows that something of scenery can be attained in little. * ok x % by Nature fitted to enjoy this type of specialty gardening. The Japanese methods of placing plant materials is not ours, if we are quite honest about it. Even their arrangement of flowers in vases, while charming, does not seem quite natural to us. We may solve the problem of cre- ating scenery in little by utilizing such places in the average yard as nation and money, into & woodlind dell, or as near to it as we can come. | This will be scenic. in the best sense. and typically of our own mind | and heart, our native land. | Some very exciting things can be | done with an old fence corner, in the way of making into a nook such as Nature herself, in her unguarded moments, might have created. One must study to create an un- studied effect, but when the result is | achieved, it is surpassing. in its way, and actually satisfies the longing in every human for some “real scenery.” * ok % % One may ask. “Can this effect pos- sibly be created in my little yard?” [ STARS, MEN Notebook of Sciene Laboratory more popular ones, such as a change | sons who, for one reason or other, | the grandeur, the soul uplift, of true | Most Americans, however, are not | may be converted, with a little imagi- | _D._C, SATURDAY, It can, because we have seen it The was placed about five garage was feet from the sideline of the prop- bout 10 feet from the back. entire space behind the garage, %o the fence sice, was literally waste. Most people utilize such places as “catch-alls” lor. odd b".l of lumblr. compost piles, ladders, The owner of this puucuhr place decided upon something better. She admitted it looked hopeless, but the tree about 4 feet from the rear fence decided her. Here was the basis of a real scenic effect. To an imaginative eye, it was aided by the fact that builders had left a gully about 4 feet wide along the back of the garage. The top of the gully would make a splendid place for a stone path. The gully itself. a great place for ferns and such other things as would grow there. 0ld pieces of broken concrete, sunk in the grass, made as nice flagstones as one could desire. ‘The random pieces went around the corner of the garage. Along the top of the gully, back of the path, the gardener massed lilacs and other shrubs, taking care to keep them back of the great tree. ‘The tree was the centerpiece. A tiny pool, set in the middle of & small bit of rockwork, composed of sunken stones, formed a natural point of interest just to the north of the bend in the walk. R The entire fence corner was planted deep with shrubs and flowers, backed on the fence by naturaiistic plantings of good rose vines. permit the planting of all sorts to grow together as they pleased, but this was necessary in order to get the effect desired. The effect, in short, was simply “scenery,” as we used the word here. No inkling of this was visible at all | from the main garden. | It was only when one came to the back of the yard. and looked along the path behind the garage, that the surprise effect registered. Usually it registered well, especially when the sun came filtering through, | catching its reflection in the minia- | ture pool. It was & pool by courtesy only, | having been filled with white sand so that no more than an inch of water was visible. This was, rather, a bird bath of unusual design. * ok o* % The total eflect of this place, which ordinarily would have been nothing but a junk heap, is that of real | scenery. There is a genuine satisfaction in the sight, a satisfaction which never grows less or becomes wearisome. It has a soothing effect, as real scenery does, whether mountain, val- | ley. ocean, river bend—or a corner by a garage. Let those who cannot go awav, therefore, build themselves scenes in little, that they may enjoy something of man’s original heritage, true scenic | beauty, the taste for which he never loses, though confined for life to the | flat urban scene. AND ATOMS e Progress in Field, and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A new field of preventive medicine— that of lessening the susceptibility of | tissues to various disease-causing | viruses—is being investigated by Pub- lic Health Service physicians. In an experiment just reported it | was found that the susceptibility of | monkeys to the virus and poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis, was greatly aggregate will ever prove collectible, | Then you plunge back and all exult- ylessened by spraying the nostrils with | the country is not in cancellationist humor. It is conscious of having made | agreements now in existence. | There is no disposition upon the part of the American people to press their debtors. Indeed, it is difficult to conceive how anything effective in that direction could be done, even if we were 50 minded. Our policy is sim- | ply to carry the debts on the Treasury | | books and to remain in receptive mood | for any proposals which debtor govern- ments may care to submit. Congress | is the final arbiter, and House and | Senate would have to be convinced that additional concessions are justi- fied if ever they are to be made. Some | earnestness on Europe's part in the ‘dlrzcuon of genuine reduction of armaments might find Congress in more conciliatory mood than it now is, while Europe might discover thai by economy on war establishments it would possess the wherewithal to meet | |loans which the American people made in good faith and in the ex- pectation of repayment. | e | Easy-going old-time citizens awaken with surprise to the fact that Ethi- | opian is a word to be taken most seri- ously. Jack Haverly used to employ it to describe his minstrels. Lawrence Redivivus. Lawrence of Arabia is not dead, despite the circumstantial evidence of his passing in Eaglana last month as | *he result of a traffic accident. The ceremonies of interment and the gen- eral mourning in England to the con- trarv notwithstanding. the Roman newspaper Ottobre ceclares on the | strength of a dispatch from Port Said that Lawrence is row in Addis Ababa, helping Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in his preparations for de- fensc against Italian onset. Accord- ing to Ottobre, Lawrence secretly weat out from Fnzlanc as a kitchen | helper on a Briiish tanker and was | recopnized at Pori Said when he went ashore with the captein to purchase provisions. He was put off at Port Sudan and thence made his way to the Ethiopian capital Lawrence was proverbially known as 8 man of mystery. Whicn ie to say that he was never a self-exploiter and kept his petsonahty as wmuch as possible in the background of the world news, even wher he was en- gagec in an enterprise in Arabia to develop a backfire 1evolt of the tribes against the Turkish ru'e. in aid ot the Allies in the Great War. Doubtless this report of nic reavpearance after having been officially declared cead is the result of tha: repute. - It i of course, not to be credited for a mo- | What changes, | Your ing say, | “I very nearly missed the train today! generous concessions in the funding | My life is joyous, free and never slow. | 1 scarce arrive ere it is time to go.” As evolution's story still is told, gradual, yet great, unfold! eye is piercing and a certain shock Goes through you every time you see & clock. carrying bundles, in your quest of ease, Your arms grow curved into paren- theses. And as you roam you vow you're free from care, Since life is something nenhu here nor there. From Mistakes of the Amateur, “T regard myself,” said the confident statesman, “as a man of destiny.” “Well,” replied Senator Sorghum, “you want to look out. I never saw a man who tried to be his own fortune teller who didn't keep prophesying good luck till he got careless.” A Faithful Copyist. “What's the trouble with this let- ter?” asked the manager. “It's full of repetitions.” “It's quite correct,” rep'ied the alert stenographer. dictated it stutters.” Unappreciative. The rose, likewise the violet, To me seems but & bore, T'd rather have an orchid, ‘cause 1t costs a great deal more. Applied Economics. “Aren’t you afraid to use such an unreliable piece of rope to swing the hammock?” “No,” Teplied Farmer Corntossel. “The individual must expect to make sacrifices for the general good. When that hammock breaks some one per- son is going to get hurt a little and scared a whole lot. But think of what a laugh all the other boarders will enjoy!” “Good man gone wrong” is often & misleading phrase which should read “bad lot just discovered.” The Terrible Truth Teller. The Summer thermometer now you will find 'Mongst terrors up i the front It is one of those friends who are cruelly kind As they try to be “perfectly frank.” “Knowin' when to quit i= a mighty good thing” said Uncle Eben, “but knowin’ when not to start somethin’ marily 1s absorbed by their fellows, ment. But its euwcuiation, especially is still bettas” “The new man who | a weak solution of alum before in- | noculating them with the deadly organism. Poliomyelitis, together with other serious diseases and possibly common lmlds. is contracted chiefly through | the mucous membranes of the nose. The alum apparently has some local effect on these tissues which make | it more difficult for the virus to gain a foothold. Some of the animals | treated with it came down with the | disease, but in a milder form than in their untreated companions. | The effect of the alum on the nose | tissues is not known. Apparently, s Dr. Charles Armstrong, who re- ports the experiment, it is not an' | antiseptic effect. Dr. Armstrong and Dr. W. T. Harrison, who conducted the experiment, sprayed alum into their own noses to observe the effect. Successive treatment for three days, | they say, produced temporary tickling | and stinging with occasional sneezing. and there was an increased secretion for about an hour, followed by a feel- ing of dryness. They now are searching for solu-| | tions even more protective than alum, and preliminary experiments indicate | that such exist. They believe that the protective action is due to an al-| teration which decreases the perme- | ability of the nasal membranes. . The two doctors insist that the re- sults reported “are not recommended for human use, but offer a hopeful avenue of approach which may lead to effective methods against poliomye- litis and possibly against other dis- eases contracted through the nose, .k Another curiosity reported in this week’s nature is that of ‘chirping fishes” found off the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. fishes, ac- cording to the observer, make an eas- iiy audible, bird-like chirping sound which is so well known to the native | fisherman that they employ expert ear. fishes. They are known as gelama * ok % X Among the world's least known places is the great “white desert” of New Mexico, whose plant life is de- | scribed in this month's Journal of | Ecology by F. W. Emerson of New | Mexico Normal University. It is an area of 250 square miles, covered with drifting crystals of snow- white gypsum. These gypsum crystals like that of a vast extent of drifted snow. The radiation effect is blind- ing. In waste Mr. Emerson found 62 varieties of plants. A * ok ok Variations in the intensity of the n it s full is four divers to locate schools of them by | collect in dunes, so that the scene is | | The Soviet government pays salaries | this almost moistureless reflected, and that the rough surface of the moon greatly lessens the radi- ant heat in comparison to what it would bz if the orb were a smooth sphere. These observations are to be com- pared with similar ones made on the planet Mercury to determine if it also has a rough surface. * % o % The first successful rearing in cap- tivity of the duck-billed platypus— furred Austrialian mammal with the bill and webbed feet of a duck and which lays eggs—is reported in the British scientific journal Nature. The platvpus, according to the com- munication from James W. Barrett of Melbourne, was captured when about five months old. It weighad 48 ounces. It has now been kept in cap- tivity for more than two years and the weight has increased to 72 ounces. | The animal has become quite tame. During this time, Mr. Barrett re- ports, it has devoured 700 pounds of worms, 1.300 duck eggs and thou- sands of tadpoles. Hitherto captured platypuses always have died within a few days. Since they are very seclu- sive, little has been known of their | characteristic behavior. The platypus is one of the two egg-laying mammals, classed as monotremes. These belong near the foot of the mammalian family tree, ‘hnvlng branched off into their own short and peculiar line of evolution during the transition period when mammals were emerging from a reptilian ancestry. The monotremes are confined to Australia. e War Funds. Prom the New Orleans Times-Picavune. An Abyssinian gold dollar brought £175 at a collector’s sale in New York the other day. If that price can be &tabilized the Abyssinian mints should finance the possible war now threaten- ing with comparative ease. ———— Babe and Golf. Prom the South Bend Tribune. Action of the golfing moguls in dis— qualifying Babe Didrickson ma the best thing for the game's leldmg | players, but is it the best thing for golf? . ———— Corn’s Color and Kick. Prom the Kalazamoo Gazette. | _ Research is said to reveal that the | Indfans valued their corn for its color jmore than for its taste. A good many pale-face connoisseurs, it seems, are chiefly interested in the kick. e Not Our Students, Prom the Worcester (Mass.) Gazette. Evening to its college students, which should be a relief to those alarmists over here who apparently thought it was Ameri- can students Russia paid. No Chicken. \Pmm the South Bend (Itd.) Tribune. Well, it seems indisputable that the blue eagle was not one of the two birds that Hoover promised for every pot. —— et Control. Prom the Wichita (Kans.) Eagle. Mussolini says Ethopia needs Eu- ropean control. Ethiopia's obvious answer is that Europe should first learn to control itself. PR RS Only on Paper. the heat received by the earth Prom the Winston-Salem (N. C) Journal. | by an Some wives insist that their model mmmm Nearly four years were required to ! JUNE 15, 1935. Questions Substitution Of Busses for Street Cars To the Editor of The Star: Why are we having all this daily and hourly news about the revolu- tionary changes about to be placed in effect for the tra; tion in the District of Columbia? We need more and better transportation in sev- eral sections; but do we need this con- tinual persistent propaganda against the seeet cars snd in favor of the busses? I have heard meay people wonder- ing about all this cry for more and more busses. It is true the busses serve their purpose and many people want to ride in them. But is it nec- essary to remove street cars from lines where the traffic by motor is already like a madhouse and add heavy large busses to the present motor conges- tion? Is it necessary to require many suburban sections to either take a bus in order to go to and from downtown without change, orsto transfer at least once between cars and busses? Are many suburban people to be penalized for living in the suburbs? How the replacement of street cars on Connecticut avenue between the Calvert Bridge and the Lake, and re- | | placement of street cars straight from | town to Anacostia and Congress | Heights, and even replacement of the cars on the beautiful line to Cabin John, which has been proposed by the people’s counsel, will be “improve- | ments” is beyond my small brain to understand. Is the urge for busses to replace cars backed up by large motor in- | terests? It certainly seems that there is a definite purpose behind all the daily propaganda constantly in the papers on the subject. The public has now been so trained to prefer motor | service of every kind that the majority | seem to give no thought to the matter | except to agree that busses are best. As Albert M. Lewers said in a letter to The Star, flexibility and speed, sup- | posed to be bus advantages, are not the | most important things in & public | | | conveyance; but that is the only rea- | son a bus enthusiast can give, in the majority of cases. It is an interesting | study of human nature to hear some bus enthusiasts talk. They will crowd into a two-by-four bus—or even the new-style ones, with narrow aisles only | wide enough for a cat to walk: with their heads aimost bumping through the ceiling; one man driving and be- | | ing responsible for everything: not one 'in a thousand passengers probably | knowing there is an emergency exit, much less how to use it, and almost worst of all, the place saturated to suffocation with bus gas and bad air— yet if the same person is in a crowded street car, even though it is a two- man crew, with much wider aisles, 2 feet or more over the head and no | suffocating gas, how they will express | their disgust and heap ridicule on the Capital Transit Co. and its street cars! If we are to start on these revolu- tionary changes. it should be remem- bered that it will have a vast and lasting effect for years to come; that the city is very rapidly expanding, especially in the suburban sections of the District; what will be the best, safest, most comfortable, nearest and speediest system and routes even only five years from now? Another consideration—though, of course, that is of no moment to many people—what of the present employes of the street cars? Are we to be forced into one-man busses? If so, | what happens to the present large | force of conductors on street cars to \ be displaced? One other consideration: How much thought has been given to the matter | of Winter transportation? For sev- eral weeks last Winter our streets were | almost daily a smooth glare of ice, or else deep mountains and valleys of ice and snow. What happened to the auto owners and bus riders then? Most of us know that they rode in the street cars until it was very notice- able how the cars were crowded with extra passengers: many of them showed they were new to the street cars by the questions they asked about transfers, etc. Many suburban people are very glad to leave their autos at home in that kind of weather and trust to the street cars. How safe will they be in busses in such weather? How about the bus that skidded a few nights ago and almost went over a 15-foot bank? No ice on Cathedral avenue then. either! Mr. Hanna, president of the Capital Transit Co., said the other day for publication that if the public wants | to ride the rails the company will pro- vide that kind of transportation; if the public wants busses thev will be operated. If the public and the powers in control will give some real support and encouragement to the Capital Transit Co., in a few months or so we | might be seeing the beginnings of real | first-class street car service and a | system of transportation that will be comfortable and convenient and as safe as possible. We will not make progress in that direction so rapidly if we have nothing but ridicule for the present transportation—whether street cars or busses. And I own no stock or interest whatsoever in any of the lines and know none of the individuals connected with them. S. E. DAVISON. ———— Connecticut Avenue Riders Prefer Busses To the Editor of The Star: Property owners and taxpayers re- siding in the vicinity of the Connecti- | cut avenue car line north of the Cal- | vert Street Bridge are decidedly in fa- vor of replacing the present trolley car service with busses. One of the outstanding objections to the trolley car service is the noise and vibration caused by the obsolete and wornout “equipment now in use. The noise is | extremely annoying to people living along the car line and the vibration | damages their homes by causing con- ;mm cracking of the paper and | plaster. The consensus seems to be that it is worse than the “front-line trenches” trying to get to work in the morning via trolley, as many of the people working for the Government are com- pelled to draw on annual leave for time lost en route to office. Old-tim- ers in Washington know that when the weather is the least bit inclement the cars are tied up and, on the other | hand, automobiles and taxicabs vio- | 1ate the traffic regulations by getting on the tracks, holding up the trolley cars all along the line as well as at traffic signals. The use of busses would eliminate this nuisance. It is realized that people who drive | cars object to busses and stockholders | in transit companies generally object | |to the companies being compelled m! modernize equipment. The change | from trolley cars to busses appears to be agreeable to the Capital ‘n'nnalt‘ Co., however, and most assuredly i would be of infinite benefit to lbe average “P. G. C.” (poor Government | | clerk). UELAND. Where Credit Goes for Peace-Heroes’ Service | To the Editor of The Star: ‘The Washington newspapers erro- | neously stated that the recent beauti- ful service in memory of peace-time | heroes was ‘“sponsored by the Na- | tional Council for Prevention of War."” This honor belongs not to us, but to a group of 50 or more Washington | citizens whose interest was secured | organizing committee headed | | by Rev. Russell J. Clinchy. FREDERICK J. LIBBY, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to mlv question of fact by writing The ‘ashington Evening Star Infor- madm Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What jockey has won the most ZEnglish Derbies?—O. H. A. A. 8. Donoghue heads the list, with six wins, He also won in three suc- cessive years—1921, 1922 and 1923, Q. Please give a biography of Nelson Eddy, who is playing in “Naughty Marietta."—H. K. A. Nelson Eddy was born in Provi- dence, R. I, and made his debut as a soprano in Grace Church choir. After attending grammar and night school he worked first as a telephone op- erator, later in the art departmen of | a Philadelphia newspaper, and then became a reporter and copy reader, subsequently turning to ad writing. He was trained for & year before mak- | ing his first appearance at a & | benefit in 1922. He sang with the Savoy Opera Co., Philadelphia’s Civie | Opera and made his debut in New York in 1931. Mr. Eddy is 33 years old and will continue his concert stage career while appearing in movies. Q. How many annually in the United States?—S. F. | A. Last year 276 licensed dog shows were held in this country. In addi-| tion, many sanctioned shows were held not carrying championship points. In what State did Thomas, So- cmm candidate for President, get the biggest vote in 1932?—S. D. E A. The Thomas vote of 177,397 in New York was larger than his vote in any other State. Q. Where was thp Department of State located before it was removed to Washington?—E. P. A. In 1788 the Department of For- eign Affairs moved from Praunce's Tavern to a house owned by Philip Livingston, on the west side of Broad- way, near the Battery, in New York City. Later it moved to another house on the opposite side of the same street. The Capital having been again located at Philadelphia, the depart- ment took up its abode first on Mar- ket street, then on the corner of Arch and Sixth streets, then in North alley and finally at PFifth and Chestnut streets, where it remained until it was moved to Washington, except for an interval of three months—from Au- Rust to November, 1798—when it oc- cupied the State House at Trenton, N. J,, having removed from Philadel- phia on account of a yellow fever epidemic. Q. How mam doep oil wells are there in the United States>—M. B. A. John Franklin Dodge, professor of petroleum engineering at the Uni- versity of Southern California, esti- mates that there are at least 13 oil wells deeper than 13,000 feet. With the exception of one in Mexico and one in Rumania, these are all in the United States. Q. What are fiving fish?>—P. M. A. Flying fish are any of. certain fishes, mostly of tropical and the warmer parts of temperate seas, which have long wing-like pectoral fins and are capable of leaving the water and moving some distance, say, 10 feet, through the air. A number of species occur off North America. It is chiefly by the action of the tail before the fish entirely leaves the water that the momentum for these flights is ac- quired. Whether it is increased by the vibrations of the pectoral fins is a matter of dispute Q. Who was Maria Monk?—E. M. A. Maria Monk was a Canadian im- postor. In 1835 she claimed to have escaped from the nunnery of the Hotel Dieu in Montreal and told of many 8° | Rossetti said: og‘shuwu are held revolting practices alleged to have been carried on within its walls. She came to New York and so impressed many people of standing that they continued to believe her even after she was proved to be of bad character ard her story to be a clumsy ‘nvention. Q. What is “sea lpvel”?—W. W. A. Sea level may defined as the surface which the water of the ocean would assume were it not acted upon by the attraction of the sun and the moon or disturbed by the wind. Q. On what date was the mammoth : R. A. parade in New York City?— | A It was on September 13, 1933, | that 250,000 marched on Pifth avenue. At least 2,000,000 spectators lined the avenue, | @ What poem inspired Rossetti to | write “The Blessed Damozel”?—L. R. A. “The Blessed Damozel” was sug- | gested by Poe’s poem, “The Raven.” “I saw that Poe had | done the utmost it was possible to do | with the grief of the lover on earth, and I determined to reverse the condi- tions, and give utterance to the yearn- ings of the loved one in heaven.” Q. What State is called the Mother of States?—W. B. | A. The term is frequently applied |to Virginia as the oldest of the 13 American Colonies and because its original territory was formed into a number of States. Q. Would the removal of the frank- ing privilege erase the annual Post Office deficit?—F. G. A. The amount of money not re- ceived because of the franking privi- leges is but a comparatively small item in comparison to a total of $54 - 000,000. The table shows that total franked mail expenditures were $633.- 640.48, whereas the grand total in excess of apportioned expenditures over revenues amounted to $54,461,- 714.80. Q. When was the “Christ of the Andes” dedicated?—B. E A. On March 13, 1904. The statue stands on the boundary line between Chile and Argentina in Uspallata Pass, 13,700 feet above sea level, Q. How ‘many public school ehil- dren ride to school daily in school busses?>—H. D. A. During the school months ap- proximately 2.500.000 children riGe almost daily to and from 24,000 con- solidated schools throughout the country. Q. How old is the yacht used by King George?>—L. N. A. The Britannia is forty-two years old. She was built in 1893 for the {late King Edward, then Prince of Wales. Q. Who originated the borrowing nnd repaying plan in subtraction’— S. A "The borrowing and repaying plan in which the one that is bor- rowed is added to the next figure was used by Fibonacci as early as 1202 and was probably inherited from the Eastern Arabs. Q. Who is educational director of the C. C. C. camps?—E. F. A. Howard W. Oxlev has been ap- pointed educational director of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Mr. Oxley has been educational adviser for all the camps in the 2d Corps Area, with headquarters in New York City. He succeeds C. 8. Marsh, who resigned as educational director of the C. C. C. to become associate | director of the American Couneil on Education. Q. Who said “Eternal sunshine in music, thy name is Mozart"?—H. K A. The saying is attributed to Rubinstein, Tremendous Job Lies Ahead Of New Fren France’s new government, headed by Premier Laval and supported by widely divergent elements in the Chamber of Deputies, is watched with sympathetic interest by the American press. “The deputies,” says the Richmond News Leader, “were almost as indis- posed to vest Mr. Laval with emer- gency powers as he was to accept re- sponsibility for exercising them. He was given a vote of confidence (324 to 160), but it was only after he had promised to keep his hands off busi- ness and had agreed to confine the use of executive decrees to October 31. This means that the Parliament will give him a free hand to trim the | budget and to cope with gold specu- | lators during the next four months, but that he is not to face the larger constitutional question of curbing the power of the Chamber of Deputies, who now can dismiss a premier at their pleasure and without recourse to the electorate.” “The French Parliament,” accord- ing to the New York Times, “has had a way, at critical periods in the past, of sinking factional prejudice when necessary, and of turning all but in- credibly sharp corners, when practi- cal common sense required it.” The Alton (IIL) Evening Telegraph ob- serves that “France’s leaders recog- nize the necessity for power un- hampered by a strife-torn Chamber | | of Deputies.” “The only salvation.” in the judg- ment of the New York Herald Trib- une, “les in the common sense of the Prench people. who as they be- come impatient with the dilatory tac- tics of their government, will virtually | force drastic action such as was taken by M. Poincare when he saved the franc. No one enjoyed the measures he imposed. But as the people real- ized that they were indispensable they gave him their full support. situation is rapidly reaching a point where a similar reaction may be ex- pected. “It all points more and more to the necessity of international stabili- | zation,” declares the Milwaukee Jour- nal. The San Antono Express points out that “were France's general eco- nomic condition satisfactory the un- balanced budget uneasiness.” “Whether France inflates or de- flates,” thinks the Providence Bulletin, “great groups of her citizens are going to be hurt. Inflation means flight from the gold standard and another mulcting of the rentiers, who in the previous inflation saw three-quarters of their possessions stripped from them. Deflation means a ruthless | cutting of the budget through econo- mies, which would hit powerful classes, and merciless reduction of production costs, including wages, which would uebywmmfllyeum;wbeune" comments the San Francisco Chron icle. The Grand Rapids Press states: “Ultimately, it seems that leaving the gold standard is inevitable if a bank panic is to be avoided. It will be in- teresting to, watch whether the govern- | ment will pursue the same course ours did.” “In l.hr Deputies.” wrangling Chamber of explains the Louisville Courier-Journal, “are represented the extreme Socialist party, headed by Leon Blum, and the reactionary group, L The | would not cause ch Government !led by Andre Tardieu than a bloc des Gauches; it is coali- tion of Left, Center and Right, and past performance has shown that the Socialists cannot or will not co-oper- ate with any other faction or fac- tions. It is therefore a heterogeneous mass of widely differing political views. which only the critical financial situation of the nation can hold to- gether.” It is more — Pacific Airline. Prom the Des Moines Tribune. ‘There is no apparent reason to doubt the seriousness of the announce- ment issued Friday in Los Angeles econcerning a project for regular air gervice between the Pacific Coast and China, under the management of Col. Clarence M. Young. Much remains to be done before such service is in operation. But ex- periments now are not unreasonable. Some one has to do the pioneering. | Col. Young would not attach himself | to a fiy-by-night enterprise. | There are reports that Col. Lind- bergh will have a role in the early | planning. | Ordinarily most of us welcome these progressive ventures in air | transportation, if they are not under- taken prematurely. As to this one, however, there is a | fly in the ointment. It means that we must listen again to that perennial warning from Co- lumnist Arthur Brisbane of the im- minent non-stop flight those terrible Japanese have up their flowing sleeve, on which they will carry tons of ex- | plosives from Tokio with which to | blow up Washington. And, since we are mere humans | instead of gorillas, we just can't do | anything about it, except to build thousands of military planes and hope | for the best! Persistent Life. Prom the Macon (Ga.) Telegraph. That chemist who says death may be deferred indefinitely probably put in a decade or two trying to kill the | wild onions in his front yard. e —e—s Will Never Learn. From the Pontiac (Mich.) Press. Just how far the depression has taught us to beware of wild specu- lation is pretty well demonstrated in the chain-letter craze, ——te A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Garden-Time In the lenthening dusk of Summer, After driving home, And before the lamps are lighted Or the dark has come, There is nothing I like better Than with pruning knife Just to dig around my garden Bringing blooms to life, | Training roee vines on my trellis, And wnhm?:a'ozum col things that harass.