Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1935, Page 8

STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1935. THIS AND THAT THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY......May 11, 1835 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th 8t and Pennsylvenia Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t icago Office: Lake Michigan Buildine. Topean Office; 13 Regent St. London. Englan Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star_. . .. 45cper month The Evenine and Sunday Star (when_ 4 Sundays) 80c per month The Evening and Sunday Siar (when 5 Sundays). ... .65¢per month e Sunday Star ... . B¢ per copy Night Final Edition. Night Final and Sunday Star.70¢ per month Night Final Star_. .. 55¢ per month Collection mads &t the end of each month. _Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Batly and Sunday .1 vr. $10.0 lflfly only ......1yr. 8 Sunday only......15r. $4.0f All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday 1 yr.. $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.0 Daily only 13rl $8.00: 1 mo.. 75 Suuday only 1 $5.00: 1 mo.. B¢ mo.. 85¢ mo.. b0c mo. 4Uc Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- | titled to the use for republication of all news disnatcles credited to it or not other- wise credited 1 this paper and also the local news published herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. _—— District Day. If the House expects to make any headway on Monday, District day, in disposing of the unusually large num- ber of local bills on the House calen- dar, Speaker Byrns' sound advice that the entire day be devoted to these | measures must be followed. District day is too often the occasion for round table discussion of every sub- ject under the sun except District legislation. But on Monday—with relatively few District days left for this session—the fact that there are more than a dozen local bills awaiting House disposition is complicated by the extraordinarily controversial fea- tures of some of the bills, They re- quire undivided attention. The two local bills for unemploy- | ment insurance and old-age pensions, designed to accompany passage of the national social security legislation, are important enough in themselves to warrant more than a day of ordi- nary discussion. Both measures should | arrajgning Mussolini at the bar of the | be closely examined, not for any fault that may lie in their socially desirable | next, Italy, in resentment of such a| humiliation, might follow the examples | of Japan and Germany and bolt the objectives, but for the method pro- | posed in reaching such objectives. The Supreme Court decision in the railroad pension act has cast some doubt on the legality of the proposed method of pooling all employer»con-‘ tributions for the payment of unem- | ployment benefits. And the Ellen- bogen bill is unique among State measures so far enacted in proposing | a heavy contribution toward unem- | ployment reserves from the general funds of the District, without any employe§ contribution. It would be wise to consider more closely the ad- visability of reducing the expense contemplated in the local bill by eliminating the proposed general fund contribution, at least for a period of reasonable observation as to the work- ing of the law, the demands of local unemployment and the sufficiency of revenues under the pay roll tax levied on employers. Mrs. Norton's old- | age pension bill has been genernlly‘ approved by those familiar with such | measures, but its discussion should | produce some estimates of the cost. | a question which has been pretty | much neglected in previous discussions J and which is all the more important | now, because of the shortage of localf revenues. Two othey measures which may be | expected to create controversy are the | bills amending the District liquor con- trol act. One of these has been pre- sented by the Commissioners on be- | half of the Alcoholic Beverage Control | Board, and is generally designed to! strengthen and facilitate enforcement | of the act. The other, by Represent- ative Dirksen of Illinois, is notable chiefly for its’ proposal to abolish the so-called “hidden bar” provision of the local liquor regulations. If the House wishes to follow the President’s explicit directions to the Commission- | ers to prevent the return of the saloon, it will defeat this bill. e Baltimore landlords are said to be | bidding for commuters from Govern- | ment service. This fact may bring up seriously the old satirical question as| to whether Baltimore is to be regarded | as an independent metropolis or a suburb. —e— Japanese writers suggest that Man- chukuo has a right to recognition just as Russia was recognized. Expert opinion has not given its final report on the practical value of Russian recognition. —_— et Stands on the Avenue. In the matter of the erection of re- viewing stands on Pennsylvania avenue for the occasion of the Shrine meeting and pageantry next month, which has developed opposition by merchants along the route to the proposal, 1t is assuredly to be borne in mind that the sidewalk space will be re- quired for the accommodation of great throngs of people, not merely during the period of the displays in the street, but for days before and after the event. It would seem to be pos- sible to provide adequate seating ac- commodations for those who wish to view the spectacles without encroach- ing upon the walks to the extent pro- posed. An alternative plan to erect the stands beyond the curb lines, upon the driving space, is subject to the objection that this would danger- ously narrow the traffic area during the period between erection and de- molition, perhaps a fortnight. The meeting will draw a great crowd from out of town, participants and spec- tators, and there will be need for the fullest possible space for the move- ment of these people, afoot and in vehicles. With due consideration for the financial requirements of those responsible for the convention, it would seem to be feasible to set aside sufficient space in certain areas for 5 0 ol | proportionately heavy the erection of reviewing stands which will not unduly obstruct the traffic, on sidewalks and in the streets, and will not injuriously affect the busi- ness interests of those whose estab- lishments are located along the line of the great parade-spectacles. This is going to be a remarkable affair, in size and spectacular interest, and it should be so arranged as to permit the fullest view for the largest num- ber with the least interference with | business and the minimum of traffic ccngestion, immediately before and after the prescribed program of events, as well as during their occur- rence. ——e————— Austria and Abyssinia. It is a far cry from Vienna tp Addis Ababa—from the blue Danube to the rain-soaked wastes of the Ethiopian realm—but Europe has suddenly awakened to the peril that Italy's designs on Abyssinia may have reper- cussions that will spell the doom of Austria. That danger looks so real that Anglo-French diplomacy has just been set in motion to avert the war that is impending between Mus- solini and Emperor Haile Selassie. The fear of the London and Paris governments is that if the Italians carry out their purpose of crushing Abyssinia, as pre-war Austria-Hun- gary was bent upon destroying Serbia, it would seriously weaken any united stand which Italy, Great Britain and France might make against German aggression in Austria or elsewhere in Europe. It would be a current example and a precedent to which Hitler, | Goering and Goebbels could point | with a good deal of satisfaction and | | justification. Moreover, it is felt in | Great Britain and France that Italy is embarking upon wholly incalculable adventures in Africa and may easily | find herself so entangled there as seriously to cripple her capacity to | throw adequate military force into any | operations that might be required to | safeguard the independence of | Austria. For these various reasons London and Paris now plan to bring the| | strongest pressure to bear upon both | Italy and Abyssinia to compose their differences. A new League of Nations |crisis is envisioned if they fail to do so. If Abyssinia insists upon Council in Geneva the week after | League. Rome has already rejected | Geneva arbitration of the Abyssinian dispute. It seems more than problematical | | whether Mussolini, with his far advanced preparations for war in Africa, will permit his hand to be stayed at this late hour. Italy | ablaze with Fascist-generated martial | enthusiasm. Mobilization of the army is in progress on a nation-wide scale. 11 Duce has led his people to believe | that they are about to shoulder civil- ipian “pretensions.” | Selassie on his part is in no less war- like mood. He, too, is arming to the teeth and ready for the arbitrament of battle. Britain, France and the League will have to step lively if they are to pre- serve Abyssinia from Mussolini’s legions and Austria from absorption by & Germany which will feel that land-grabbing has not only been stamped with approval by events in Africa, but can now be ventured with less risk than before. ————————— Looking Before Leaping. The current trend is toward lower real estate taxation, the argument being that real estate bears a dis- | share of a| burden that should be more widely | distributed. The depression has wit-‘; nessed efforts—not all of them wise— | by various taxing jurisdictions to bring | | about reductions in the real estate tsx. There have been horizontal re- | ductions in assessments and limita-’ tions on tax rate as well as on the | amount of taxation. In Tuesday’s municipal election | Baltimoreans defeated, two to one, & proposed amendment of the city charter which would have permitted an arbitrary limitation on real estate taxes. Nobody loves taxes, and prop- erty owners, heaviest taxpayers, are not exceptions. Why did property tax-paying Baltimoreans vote almost two to one against a proposal that would have benefited them as such taxpayers? The reason may be that those who argued for arbitrary reduction in the | real estate tax did not point out the | source of substitute taxation. If the real estate tax in Baltimore were arbi- | trarily cut, other revenue would have to be raised to take its place. And Baltimore taxpayers were u_mumm. enough not to jump from the frying pan of real estate taxation until assured of a more comfortable land- ing place elsewhere. While reduc- tions in the real estate tax burden are desirable, the substitutes for the realty tax may be altogether un- desirable. And little had been said in Baltimore about the substitutes. ——— 1t is proposed to complete the pres- ent session of Congress in July. The possibility presents itself that some one will make a Fourth of July oration that will start a brand new issue. r————————— Island Troubles. Islands seem to have more than their natural share of troubles. The examples of Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico and the Philippines might be cited in illustration, and if the whole compass of history were to be considered, Crete, Cyprus, Malta, Ceylon, Java. Sumatra, Tahiti, Hawaii, the Fijis, Madagascar, Tasmania, New Zealand and Ireland would have to be taken into account—all, at one time or an- other, have sufferea war, revolution, famine, plague, earthquakes, hurri- canes and other ills' to which they properly should be exempt. Their isolation from continental sorrows ap- pears to be more truly theoretical than real. Just now the Virgin Islands are | what comes next after “dictator.” is| | ization’s burden in challenging Ethio- | Emperor Haile | in the range of attention. Fourteen hundred miles southeast of New York, they were purchased by the United States from Denmark in 1917 and currently are part of the insular prob- lem of the Roosevelt administration. The Governor is Dr. Paul M. Pearson, a Swarthmore Quaker, who ever since his inauguration in March, 1931, has been striving to put into practice a go;lologlcnl idealism designed to make the population -self-supporting in the accurate meaning of that phrase. His endeavors, most observers agree, have been notably successful, but he hap- pens to have the handicap of being a Republican “hold-over.” It follows that Democrats who believe in “spoils” have had their eye on him, and yes- terday the Senate was persuaded to order an investigation to begin in the islands May 10. The complaints are nebulous, and Dr. Pearson’s critics apparently hope to develop a case piecemeal as the inquiry proceeds. But a fair question in the circumstances would be: Is the island population likely to be advan- taged by being involved in a political scrimmage? A better course would be a careful review of conditions in the islands as they have been reported to the Department of the Interior during the past decade. Materials for that kind of study are available here and should be at least as Interesting as the impressions of & junketing expe- dition visiting the islands for a few weeks. —or—s Munitions makers can be drafted but habit is hard to conquer. It may not be easy to convince them of the necessity of placing free bombing planes at the disposal of the Army3 and Navy. ———— Authority asserts itself under dif-! ferent titles in the course of political | changes. Interest begins to be mani- fest in some European states as to oo It is feared that enormous lawyers’ | fees tend to dull the legal conscience. This is another little matter that the income tax may help to take care of. st Broadcasting occupies so much at- tention that a growing tendency is te I | imagine New York as a large popula- | tion surrounding Radio City. s Great problems do not become large enough to obscure the question per- petually before Congress of when and | | | how to adjourn gracefully. —_— One of the ideas of Senator Carter | Glass appears to be that a Reserve | Board should not operate without dis- | | creet reservations. | ———e—. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Muse Defeated. | Back in a former frame of mind When rainbows lightly shimmer And hopes are radiant, we find, That once were growing dimmer, We view the billboards once again As cares no longer irk us. Forgetful of our mortal pain, We're waiting for the circus. The same old horses stepping proud, The same band will be playing, The same old clowns will greet the crowd Where elephants are straying. A poem which should be sublime Will mercilessly work us— One of the hardest words to rhyme In all this earth is “circus.” Homage to Fame. “The sentimental rewards of fame are but slight,” said the ready-made | philosopher. | “I've noticed that” said Senator | Sorghum. “Out my way some of the | poorest dogs have been named after | the greatest celebrities in history.” Jud Tunkins says the Western farmer used to raise a few crops and then move on. Now he stays where he is and the land moves on. Cast of Characters. Life like a melodrama goes On this historic scene. The heroine maintains a pose All graciously serene, Comedians will claim a hand As rogues they circumvent, The gals elope with fellas and The landlord wants his rent. Elasticity. “What is your idea of currency ex- pansion?” | “Well,” said Farmer Corntossel, “I| have heard of rubber checks. Maybe | We can get up a toy balloon dollar and keep blowin’ it bigger and bigger until it finally explodes.” Crash. The various arguments combine To leave me all perplexed: A line of talk one day seems fine And baffles me the next. A train of thougnt goes oh its way, Another one is sent And brings, I much regret to say, A crossing accident. “Politics,” said Uncle Eben, “be- gins to sound to me like jes’ another form of what dey calls high - power salesmanship.” —— Meteorology and Love. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail. It will be easy enough for people to answer that famous question: “Will you love me in December as you loved me in May?” Meteorologically speak- ing, there isn’t any difference. e Kansas Wind Vanes. From the Joplin (Mo.) Globe. In some parts of Kansas they claim they use log chains as indicaters. | Tied to the top of a pole, if the chain stands straight out the wind is nor- mal, but if the links start flying off it is considered a hard wind. R One-Eyed Cars. From the Watertown (N. Y.) Times. The cry is still heard that there is a vast surpius of electric power in the Nation. That is hard to believe, though, when one considers how many cars with only one light there are on the road, | an opportunity to indulge in it, | mostly on one’s own skin BY CHARLES E. Not flowers alone love the sunshine. Man, too, browses in it. This is one of the clear gains of this age, this liking, this favoritism | tim of the sun. Science does not always give us gain, Too many of its endeavors end in net results detrimental to hu- manity, War, of course, is the larg- est_example of this. Often, however, science puts the stamp of its approval upon something man instinctivey loves, and“when it does so with regard to what the up- to-date young miss likes to call “sun- tan,” it did something for which we are all its debtors. For it is something, to the astute person, to feel that great science ap- proves of what he does. Too often science, as demonstrated in some branch or other of learning, does not approve, in fact rather deprecates, what he does, especialy what he likes. * ok k The urge to get out into the sun- shine in the Spring is felt by all liv- ing things. Not alone the flowers. They are placed so that most of them get their daily portion of life-giving sun rays, but a human, in many instances, must bodily take himself out into them. And there are so many reasons why an individual, whoever he may be or whatever he does, cannot at times find it easy to get into the sunshine and stay there, Many types of daily work vent it. Fear of “catching cold” at times makes it impossible. There are many good reasons why many persons do not, even cannot, get their due share of sunshine. * % ox x The question is, is it possible to cran a great deal of ultra-violet into the week end? There is no doubt it can be done, if one exercises due caution. This thing of rushing into the so- called great outdoors over Saturday afternoon and Sunday, intent on get- ting a week’s supply of tan in a few | hours, is not exactly what the health makers would advocate, though, in that it attempts to supply in a com- paratively limited time what should be spread over a longer total period of hours. The fact that even essentially silly persons realize this does not make it any the easier for them to resist the lure of the sun when they have pre- The fact that every one, practically, knows the value of “taking it easy.” especially at this time of year, when first approaching an increased dcse of sunshine, does not thereby make at all sure that any one will follow | out this procedure. 1 Even the wisest persons, alas, lured | by the mild air and pleasant sun, are | tempted to remain for hours at a| time in rays which one part of their mind insistently tells them are not yet powerful enough to do them any | harm. 2 The other part of their mind, the | part which insistently warns, the | sober part which never tells a lie, | repeatedly hoists the red flag. % | still unknown, but it is thought to be | something on the order of vitamin | Yet the air is cool, the sunshine | mild enough, apparently; why fear it? Whether one must or not depends This is a plain case where it is| every man for himself. ! One person will blister at half an | hour’s exposure, another in an hour, | a third in four hours. But why biister? What a great many do not keep in | mind is that it is the continuing ef- fect which does the burning. | The erythema, or burn, which the | STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory BY THOMAS The great epidemic which swept over St. Louis in the late Summer of 1933 was a new kind of disease. | hitherto unknown to medical science. | At first it was diagnosed super- ficially as the dreaded encephalitis lathargica, or “American sleeping sick- | ness,” of which there have been sev- | eral severe outbreaks since the World War, but United States Public Health Service doctors who have made an in- tensive study of its pathology and | after effects are convinced that the | relationship is quite tenuous, if not | non-existent. Both are inflamations of the central | nervous system, caused by some sort of filterable virus. They have some symptoms in common and an equally high death rate of approximately 20 per cent. The differences, however, are striking. Notable among them is the method of recovery. Encephalitis | lathargica nearly always left serious after effects. The inflamation at- tacked the brain areas at the base of the cerebrum, or top of the brain. Somewhere in this part of the brain, it was believed by the Austrian surgeon, the late Dr. Constantin von Economo, who first discovered the disease, was a nerve center controlling sleep, with the result that one of the chief man- ifestations of the malady was the drowsiness it produced. Here, also, were brain centers important for con- trol of the emotions. Apparently permanent lesions were produced, for the recovered encephalitis victim re- mained prone to explosive emotional outbursts which might have been quite foreign to the personality before the illness. The new disease was much less characterized by drowsiness and re- covery was complete. On the other hand, the lesions were more wide- spread throughout the brain. The blood serum of human patients con- valescent from the disease had the power of neutralizing the virus. This reutralizing power is not found in the serum of other types of encephal- itis. Some neutralizing power was found in the serum prepared from the blood of other persons in St. Louis who were not known to have suffered from the disease. This indicates that the virus was probably spread through a considerably larger portion of the population than merely the patients who suffered with obvious attacks of the malady. This virus, experiments in the Public Health Service lab- oratories here show, is extremely ef- fective with both mice and monkeys. Injections into the brain in dilution of one part in a millfon are success- 1ul in establishing the disease in mice. The study of the causation of the disease was confused at first by the presence of streptococci in the noses and throats of patients which, when introduced into the brains of rabbits, produced changes suggestive of those brought out by the in human brains. But the same changes also occurred wken strep- tococci were used which were ob- tained from the throats of normal persons, and further studies showed that there was no actual relation- ship between them and the disease. The older type of encephalitis hardly can be called epidemic, pc- cording to the Public Health Service doctors. They characterized it as sporadic. It does not sweep through & whole community, but appears only |1y in the mind. The physical benefits | age, from 54 cases per 100,000 of the | in those over 80 years old and less | gitis, which may hold serious threats TRACEWELL. sun’s ultra-violet rays set up, comes about when the same rays are kept on the same places for too long a e. The result may vary from an un- pleasant, burning sensation, accom- panled by much redness and sore- ness, to intense pain, large blisters and serious physical disturbances. Strong, healthy persons, who have been fortunate enough, whether by chance or intent, to get well burned, but not too seriously so, may laugh at this, declaring that no such harm can come to & sunburned victim, but they little know what they are talk- ing about, since each person must be a rule to himself. * ¥ * ¥ There is not much sense in going at this sun-burning business as if there would be no more time for it. Far better is it to take it gradually, a little each day, without subjecting one's self to the possibility of becom- ing raw for nothing. Those who value suntan for ap- pearance’s sake may be glad to know that the type acquired by a little ex- posure each day is much the better looking not only at the time, but for ever afterward. The harsh effects on the skin, in- cluding drying, are mitigated and the end result is a gomplexion unequaled. Women are alarmed each Fall by statements about the terrible effects of the ravages of sunshine on skin and hair, but the fact is that no com- plexion is lovelier than the tanned one, no hair quite so pretty as that which has been exposed moderately, but consistently, to the air and sun- shine. When these are combined with much water, followed by thorough drying, they are a beauty kit in them- selves. * * x % It may be of interest to those who love the sunshine to know that the best heaith effects may be obtained | by exposure of a limited part of the skin. It is not at all necessary to don a bathing suit. The face and hands are enqugh. Whatever effect the| ultra-violet rays have on the inner economy of man, it is done by inner changes, not by outer changes. It takes place, in others words, 1n.s1de,‘ not outside. Hugh sections of reddened epidermis | will not result in any more inner health benefits than small sections, provided the exposures are more or less constant. The action inside is activity. However the magic is accomplished, | it must be kept up, for whatever an- | tiseptic or other influence is created in the blood and elsewhere is readily THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. Editor's note: These reviews of new books were written by Mrs. Bowerman before the.acci- dent which resulted in her death Wednesday evening, May 1. MEN OF TURMOIL. Biographies by leading suthcrities of the dominat- personalities of our day. New York: Minton, Balch & Co. Thirty-seven men who are supposed to be leaders, or recently to have been leaders, in the front fighting ranks of the world are characterized and placed in relation to the problems they are attempting to handle. Some of the selections for inclusion hardly seem justified, if either real greatness or outstanding importance b the meas- uring rod, for example Abdul 'Aziz Ibn Sa'ud, Sir James Frazer, Dr. Al- bert Schweitzer and Trotsky. The fairly adequate sketch of Franklin Roosevelt is by Ernest K. Lindley, that of Mussolini by Sir Charles Petrie, of Hitler by G. Ward Price, of Mustafa Kemal by Arnold Toynbee, of Ram- say MacDonald by Robert Bernays. The book was published in England under the title “Great Contempo- raries.” * ok k¥ INSURANCE _ AND ANNUITIES FROM THE BUYER'S POINT OF A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How fast do tennis balls travel? —F. D. C. A. In the Davis Cup matches (1932) a German sclentist estimated that the service balls delivered by such net stars as Austin and Prenn traveled at the rate of about 68.5 miles per hour, the slower balls resulting from base- line rallies traveling at about 31 miles per hour. Q. What were Theodore Roosevelt's words when he made the speech in which he said “Speak softly and carry big stick?”—A. G. N. A. The context was, “There is a homely old adage which runs: ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far’ If the American Nation will speak softly and yet build and keep at a pitch of the highest train- ing a thoroughly efficient Navy the Monroe Doctrine will go far.” Q. What are the magnetic poles of ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. zig and Hamburg. Staten Island is not a free port. ~ Q. How much money have Ameri- ::'lnnl in Japanese investments?—N. A. The latest figure available is for December 31, 1933, when total United States investments in Japan amount- ed to $418,000,000. Q. What is a putsch?—D. S. W. A. That 1s a German word from the Swiss dialect and means a popular up- rising or a petty rebellion. Q. How long has the American Red Cross taught first aid?>—A. D. | ~A. For twenty-five years. In that | time 821,000 persons have been | trained. | Q. What sort of workers are classi- | fied by the Bureau of the Census as | machinics?—J. A. B. A. It is used for skilled workmen Wwho are not otherwise classified as | electricians, machinists, tool makers, | ete. | [ — Q. Are there fields where gasoline | is produced which does not need to | be refined?—J. B. the earth?—W. H. 8. A. The magnetic poles are the points on the earth’s surface where the lines of magnetic force are ver- tical. They are the ends of the axis VIEW. By E. C. Harwood and Bion H. Francis. Cambridge, Mass.: American Institute for Eco- nomic Research. Sometimes it seems as if the only American life is the salesman’s point of view. When attention is diverted from that, it is centered on the worker. The consumer, or buyer, is supposed to take what is offered him and pay what is asked. This book, by the director of the American Institute for Eco- nomic Research and the officer in charge of insurance and annuity re- search work, is written for the aver- age man who buys insurance or an- nuities. The different types of in- surance are explained and the amount sponsibilities should carry, the prin- ciple of annuities and the different | kinds, the combination of insurance and annuity, and how to choose the | | | | best companies are fully discussed. * ok kK BARRY CORNWALL. A biography point of view given consideration in | of insurarce people of varying re- | of the earth’s magnetic polarity. Q. How many women have gone | back to the wartime avocation of | knitting?>—M. W. | A Itis estimated that about 10.- 000,000 women spend some of their leisure time in knitting, crocheting or | needlepoint embroidery. Knitting probably has the most followers, cro- cheting second and needlepoint third. Suits, sweaters and blouses and bed- spreads are popular products. Q. Do polar bears require cold weather to survive?—M. B. S. A. A polar bear captured early and brought South or born in the South can not stand cold weather. When a motion picture company rented a | polar bear from Hagenbeck’s Berlin Zoo to take North for the making of an Arctic picture the bear caught pneumonia and died. Q. When wes Paris first bombed by a German airplane?—G. T. S. A. On September 27, 1914. of Bryan Waller Procter. By Rich- ard Willard Armour. Boston: Meador Publishing Co. A minor poet of the early nineteenth century, Bryan Waller Procter, writ- ing under the pseudonym of Barry Cornwall, was much admired in his own day and has left some short poems which, because of their excellence, are included in most Victorian anthologies. Jost. Just as we must eat constantly, | day after day, so we must get our doses of sunshine day by day. | While, in a sense, we may store up | these precious reserves, if we try to| “get by” solely on stored sunshine we | find it is used up at too great a rate; | it needs constant replenishment, day | after day. That is why those who| have the opportunity to remain at the | seashore for three or four months | every Summer secure far vaster bene- | fits than those who are limited to two | weeks. From this standpoint it may | be seen readily that the health bene- fits of a two-week vacation are most- such a short period gives are mainly | those which come from relaxation, increased circulation and a change of viewpoint, however brief. The man who takes his golf or hiking three! or four times a week throughout the year is getting more real sun benefit than the millions who scramble to the beaches for two weeks every Summer. AND ATOMS | and Study. R. HENRY. in a few isolated cases. In 1924 and 1929, however, there were encepha- litis outbreaks of an epidemic char-' acter in Japan. These cases also | differed clinically from encephalitis | lathargica, but gave a picture much closer to that of the St. Louis epi- | demic. The Public Health Service pathologists, however, have established that the two were different diseases, perhaps due to closely related causa- tive agents. That the American form was introduced from Japan is con- sidered extremely doubtful. A remarkable feature of the St. Louis epidemic was the increase of the incidence of the disease with population under 10 years old to 419 cases per 100,000 population 80 to 90 years old. There was also a dis- | tinct tendency for the disease to be more fatal in the higher age groups, with a case fatality of 80 per cent than 10 per cent in all under 50 years. * ok ok ¥ This same study of the St. Louis epidemic led to the discovery of the virus of still another disease hitherto unrecognized by physicians and clinically similar to spinal menin- for the future. This virus was first encountered during the transmission in monkeys of infectious material from an indi- vidual who died in St. Louis. The second strain was met with during attempts to transmit experimental infection from the brain of a woman who died in Maine last Fall with a syndrome, which included high fever, delirjum, stiff neck and severe head- ache. The third strain was recov- ered from a monkey who died after being inoculated with the virus of poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis. Rabbits, guinea pigs, mice and monkeys inoculated with this virus hcwe all died from a severe sort of c: iiral nervous system inflamation. It is still uncertain whether this virus actually originated in the human bruins or whether it existed originally in the monkeys and only happened to be encountered during the experi- mental work. The indications, how- ever, are that it exists in man, because in the blood of some persons there have been found protective anti- bodies. Altogether, serums from the blood of 166 persons have been tested. High protective qualities were found in 3 and doubtful ones in 8. Blood was taken from persons who had suf- fered from all sorts of infectuous nervous diseases and from those who never had undergone such an illness. One of the strongest reactions was obtained from the blood of a colored laboratory worker at the National In- stitute of Health who had never had any serious sickness through his life. This indicates that the immunity may develop in the absence of any central nervous system involvement. The probability is, the Public Health Serv- ice doctors point out, that the colored man had the malady at some time, but in so mild a form he did not recognize it. Both encephalitiis and poliomyeltus, to which the disease is supposedly closely related, sometimes occur in the sam~ way. Just what the new disease is like in its clinical manifestations is un- known. It may, however, have been the lliness | respectful attention than in the day: | of our forefathers. suffered by a|and Procter was also the friend of most | of the great poets, dramatists and nov- elists of his period. Dr. Armour as sistant professor of *English in Wells College, has in addition to a scholarly | biographical and critical study of Procter, here published a valuable col- lection of about 90 hitherto unpub- lished letters to Carlyle, Browning, Landor and others. * ¥ x % A CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF | THE UNITED STATES. By An- drew C. McLaughlin. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co. The Constitution of the United States is receiving considerable atten- tion in these days of depression and efforts for conquering it—perhaps less s For a long time it was accorded both significance and sanctity; now we often hear used in connection with it the word “out- worn.” Dr. McLaughlin, professor emeritus of history in the University of Chicago, has produced in this| volume a scholarly and a timely book. It is & brief but thorough investiga- tion of the somewhat stormy past and present of our Constitution, from 1750, long before it was born, but when its ancestors were preparing its way, to 1933, when some advanced economists are looking forward to its obsequies. Our constitutional prin- ciples were developed slowly and in connection with the experience of England and the needs of our new country. Their interpretation has often been influenced by political con- siderations and economic and social conditions. Strict legal interpretation has not been the invariable rule. Dr. McLaughlin’s book, the culmination of his work as a historian, is not a dry discussion of constitutional law. It'is a history of the Constitution as the instrument devised by a young and growing people in their attempt to found and carry on a Nation. All the leading personalities in our his- tory come into the story. “If federal- ism, democracy and individual liberty are drowned in the torrent and whirl- pool of the future because men are found incompetent to govern them- selves, the historical fact remains— for a hundred and fifty years the Constitution lasted as the funda- mental law of a successful people.” * ¥ ¥ x | WHY WARS MUST CEASE. By Car- rie Chapman Catt, Jane Addams, Mrs. William Brown Meloney. Mary E. Woolley, Emily Newell Blair, Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Judge Florence E. Allen, Dr. Alice Ham- ilton, Florence Brewer Boeckel, Dorothy Canfield Fisher. by Rose Young. New York: The Macmillan Co. These articles by prominent Ameri- | can women, giving reasons why wars must cease if civilization is to be pre- served, are published under the au- spices of the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, which in- cludes 12 member organizations. In a foreword by the Book Committee of the organization, of which Mrs. Catt is chairman, it is stated that history actually records 257 causes for past wars. A historian, or even any well- informed individual, could undoubt- edly reduce these causes to a smaller number of broad, general causes, such as religious antagonisms, greed for land, for treasure, for commerce, the urge for independence or for better economic conditions. The blowing up of a ship or the assassination of a ruler has probably never been the funda- mental cause of a war, though it has sometimes been the immediate provo- cation. Nine of the articles in the book begin with “Because” and ably cover some of the basic reasons why war should not only be outlawed but should actually be suppressed. Out- laws have a habit of keeping on in business. Some of the reasons are that if war is not destroyed, it will de- stroy us, that the war idea is obsolete (Mrs. Roosevelt’s), that wars waste human life, that they cost too much, that they produce economic chaos, that the fighters never know what that war un- leashes demoralizing instincts, that war breeds war and that it interferes with the normal growth of civilization. Dorothy Canfield Fisher writes the conclusion. man of middle age living in a Vir- ginia suburb of Washington. The case was attended by two Washington phy- sicians, who made no positive diagno- sis. His blood gave strong protection to animals inoculated with the newly discovered virus. The man had about two degrees of temperature, nauses and vomiting, considerable ‘egarthy and a stif neck. He could not en- dure light. The man had a complete uneventiul recovery. Edited | Q. Has Texas a provision that it | y withdraw from the Union?— | ma |L B. R. | A. When Texas became a State in | the Union no provision was made for | its withdrawal from the Union. There was a provision, however, that Texas might subdivide into not more than five States and Texas retained all its public lands. Q. Who wrote the poem beginning, “One sweetly solemn thought comes to me o'er and oer?”—W. D. H. A. This quotation is from “Nearer Home,” by Phoebe Cary. Q. What is the meaning of the | term, free port? How would this af- | fect Staten Island?—H. P. A. Pree ports is a term applied to ports, or more usually zones within ports, in which vessels can load or unload, and commercial and even manufacturing businesses can be car- | ried on, without any active control by | the fiscal authorities. In a free port no import or export duties are levied, | the only charges being for services | rendered; that is, wharf dues, etc.; it | | is only when goods pass from the free | port area into the hinterland for con- | ! sumption that import duty is payable. But when goods have been worked up in the free zone duty is in some cases | only payable on tile raw material as | originally imported and not on the| finished product as crossing the cus- | | toms frontier. In Europe the princi- | | pal free ports are Copenhagen, Dan- A. There are several. Among them are a field in Calgary, Canada; one | in Alberta, and one in New Mexico. Q. When was the Diesel engine first made?—W. S. D. A. It was patented by Dr. Diesel in 1892. The first real engine was built the following year. It was first ex- hibited in 1898. Q. Did Pennsylvania receive immi- grants from many different places in the early days>—W. H. M. A. During the eighteenth century Pennsylvania was a refuge for Euro- pean immigrants. No other colony had so many different races and re- ligions—Dutch, Swedes, English, Ger- mans, Welsh and Irish: Quakers, Presbyterians, Catholics, Lutherans, Mennonites and Moravians. Many communities have a dialect showing traces of many of these languages— particularly Rheno-Franconian Ger- man—which is known as Pennsylva- nia Dutch. Q. Is there a town in the United States governed exclusively by wom- en?—F. C. A. New Albany, Kan., a town of 200 12!,5 ’; woman Mayor and other of- | ficials. Q. What kind of retail business suf- fex:;d b}he most during the depression? A. The lumber, building and hard- ware groups were off 35 per cent mn 1933 compared with 1929. Jewelry stores and furniture and household groups fared almost as badly. Q. Can an inexperienced person make a living in the mining fields?— A. The Government is discouraging inexperienced persons from going to the mining districts with the intention or belief that they can make a living without having funds to take care of them for a considerable time. Mining, to be successful even in a small de- gree, requires knowledge of geology, metallurgy and experience, which can- not be acquired in a short space of time. Some States did foster placer mining for persons with limited means in order to relieve unemployment. This was meant for persons who had some knowledge of mining methods, but there were so few who could maks expenses and so many became public charges that the practice is no longer advocated. Q. When did a Negro receive the first Ph. D, from a large American university?>—H. S. M. A. The earliest was Ed A. Bouchet, who received the degree from Yale in 1876. The first from Harvard went to W. E. S. Dubois in 1898; from Co- lumbia, George E. Haines in 1912. 'Army Air Base Testimony Held Deserving of Rebuke A large proportion of press comment | places upon the House Military Af- fairs Committee blame for publication of testimony of Army officers which brought a rebuke from Presldem! Roosevelt and an apology to Canada. The testimony related to hypothetical | | conditions, including the establish- | ment of air bases. Editorial comment | largely upholds the Executive, holding | that such confidential statements are | legitimate and in accordance with the | practice of nations, but should not be | wade public. | “It is a matter of guarding against | air raids,” says the Portland (Me.) Press Herald, pointing out that “we | have to think what might happen when attacks are made by air squad- | rons, not necessarily from Canada.” The New Orleans Times-Picayune states: “Defense is necessary, of | course, and the Nation must be pre- pared to protect its borders against invasion. But it is not the wish of the administration or the people to give needless offense | country, and President Rooseveil’s timely and positive assertion of that fact will be nationally approved.” “The committee’s sessions were ex- ecutive, and high Army officers were | asked about national defense plans.” | explains the Fort Worth (Tex.) Star Telegram, with the further comment: “It is common knowledge that the general staffs of the armies of all im- portant powers, considering, as they are bound to do, every possibility, pre- pare plans for military action cover- ing any emergency and involving any other power. It is likely that the general staffs of Great Britain, France and other European nations have detailed plans setting out what should be done in case of an Ameri- can invasion, or what routes and dis- positions of forces would be necessary | for an invasion of the United States. | These things are ‘army stuff’; every- | body knows they exist, and nobody again when such things are made public.” ‘ “Testimony of this character is no surprise to war departments any- | where,” avers the Davenport (Iowa) Times. while the Bleomingtos (IIL) | Pantagraph suggests that “it is not proper to tell all potential ‘enemies’ about it in advance.” The Winston- Salem (N. C.) Journal holds that “necessarily governments must set up many hypothetical cases,” and the Ann Arhor (Mich.) Daily News main- tains that “nothing should wve per- mitted to violate the tradition of the unfortified frontier.” “The Executive rebuke,” in the opinicn of the Akron Beacon Journal, ‘oughit to end the loose talk that has been coming in rather constant vol- ume from congressional committees that have been specializing in promot- ing the national defense. It should be possible to effect this end without creating a war scare or giving neigh- bor nations excuse for viewig our activities and purposes with alarm.” The Chicago Daily News charges the House committee with “carelessly publishing casual remarks,” while the Minneapolis Star advises: “The offi- to any other | minds them. But it is something else | be made public. The result was a situation which in the hair-trigger atmosphere of Europe might have had tragic results. A change in our his- toric policy of friendship with our Northern neighbor and an armed Ca- | nadian frontier is unthinkable. Con- gressmen should have had more sense than to have permitted such testimony to become public, carrying the impli- cation of being official.” The Nashville Tennesseean con- cludes: “The American Government does not envisage the possibility of a change in these friendly relations, and |in view of the testimony before Mr. McSwain's committee, which has been published, it is well that President | Roosevelt made use of such irm and | convincing language in his letter to the chairman.” | ——eeee |Urges Shift of Good Radio Programs Sunday | To the Editor of The Star: Some time ago you published a very | fine editorial on radio entertainment | for children. I hope you continue to remind parents from time to time that it is their duty to be acquainted, | at least in a general way, with what | their children hear. There are some | excellent programs designed for chil- | dren and some that are definitely bad. | Recently another side of the radio | situation has been called to my atten- tion. Iam a minister. Not long ago | I visited one of my members who had | been a shut-in for some time. He is | & man of some knowledge of music and entertainment. Naturally, he turned to his radio for recreation. He said that the programs from 7 o’clock to 10 o'clock Sunday evenings—the regular hours for church young people’s meetings and evening wor- ship—were the most interesting of the whole week. At this suggestion I am writing this letter. I am not wishing for any legal | coercion in the matter. I belong to & denomination which believes in ab- solute separation of church and state. 1 do hope that those who read this letter may carefully ponder the mat- ter and express their opinions, pube licly and to the broadcasting com- panies. Iam sure that the companies, if they knew that enough people de- sired it. would place these programs, which seem to be so interesting to young people and older ones, too, at some other hour of the day. E. H. PURYEAR. —_—————— For Grown-Ups. From the Knoxville (Tenn.) Journal. New York’s East Side has opened a playground for grown-ups, with & Jjoyful record already made for games as light-heartedly played as by the veriest youngsters whose fathers and grandfathers these old féllows very likely are. The new playground was a happy thought on the part of some wise city father who knew that men some- times like to play. The probability is that this East Side playground for adults may be cer, presumably, was expressing his own ideas in an executive session. The committes permitted the testimony to { kept. for many years, with such playgrounds made the fashion in other places. [