Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1935, Page 3

STIENTIFG GANS RELATEDBY BYRD 150,000 Square Miles of Un- known Area Covered by Expedition. Bcientific observations which will make necessary a recasting of ideas in many fields of research have been brought back by the second Byrd Ant- arctic Expedition, Rear Admiral Rich- ard E. Byrd and expedition leaders believe. The expedition has wiped 150,000 square miles of hitherto unknown area off the map and has laid claim in the name of the United States to an area equal to 10 of the original 13 States. Results of the expedition were de- scribea by Admiral Byrd in his first press interview yesterday aboird the 8. S. Bear of Oakland, flagship of the expedition, en route from Quantico, Va., to Washington. At his ease under a cross-fire of questions, the youthful, but gray-haired, admiral described the work which took more than 120 men across 35,000 miles of sea and cut off the ice party of 56 from ciwiliza- tion for 14 months. Byrd paused frequently in the course of the interview to pay tribute to the men of the expedition “Don’t make this a one-man affair,” he said at one time. “There were more than 100 of us, and every man played his part.” Gives Credit to Men. He stressed the fact that the men of the expedition are all volunteers, and pointed out that it was “a splen- did thing on their part to give up two years of their lives and to work as hard as they worked to make the ex- Pediuion a success.” Asked if he was giving any thought to a third expedition to the Antarctic, Byrd said: “Naturally I have thought of the possibilities of going back, but I sup- pose I really can’t say anything yet about a third expedition. First I must make up the debts contracted by this one.” For the next year, at least, he said, he has three main objectives—to write a book and some magazine ar« ticles, to deliver lectures and to spend some vacation time with his family Arrangements have been made for the first two of these activities. The scientific objectives attained by the expedition have been many, the admiral explained. “The question which is most often asked,” he said, “is just what purpose the expedition has served. It is the hardest question of all to answer be- cause it requires several hours to sum up the results.” I think,” Byrd continued, ‘that it | is the duty of mankind to keep on with the work of exploration and study of the earth until he knows the world he lives in. The Antarctic is the largest unknown area on earth and one of the richest fields for the scientist.” He listed as among the branches of science which have been benefited by the results of the second expedi- tion those of geology, cosmography, astronomy, biology, terestrial magnet- ism, ocearography, meterology and | associated subjects. Although a great deal of coal, copper, lead, some silver and other minerals and metals have been dis- covered in the mountains of Ant- arctica, the admiral said, they cannot be commercially exploited because of their inaccessibility. In the field of geology, he explained, much has been learned of the struc- ture of the earth. It is indicated that the backbone of the Americas, | by prolongation of the great Andean | range, extends through submarine | mountain chains to and across the | Antarctic continent. H Meterological Studies. Meterological studies made by the expedition are of especial importance, in the admiral's opinion. “The Antarctic continent,” he ex- plained, “is in the clutches of an ice | age in its full flood tide. Thirty thousand years ago we had an ice age in North America and there un- doubtedly is some relationship between the two. More study will be necessary to determine whether the Antarctic fce belt is advancing. It now is about 40 degrees colder in the Ant- arctic than in the Arctic regions, on an average, and this has a profound effect on weather in the whole Southern Hemisphere.” ‘The coldest weather he encountered at the advanced base, Byrd said, was about 80 degrees below zero. Temper- atures ranged up to a maximum of 31 above zero. Although it has been supposed no life existed in Antarctica other than the marine and bird life near the edges of the ice sheet, Byrd said that the expedition found strange bugs in the snow and ice. In the high mountains, even near the South Pole, despite the fact that the temperature of the air never rises above freezing, the rocks absorb the sun’s heat and become warm enough to melt the snow and create small pools and lakes. In these waters were found various forms of life. The sea near and beneath the barrier teems with life, probably thicker than in any other seas, Byrd said. On the high mountains there is primitive plant life in the form of lichens. The Antarctic atmosphere is so clear that tens of thousands of mete- ors could be seen, the admiral said. It was found that millions more of these fragments of interstellar space bombard the earth than had ever been suspected. During the night, he said, careful observations of meteors were made and they appeared at the rate HZEQI}I. NOTICES. AILY TRIPS MOVING LOADS joads to and from Balto. Fhlllmdp?i,:: S Trment R b o0, Baen > al rvice nce = ‘THE DAVIDSON TRANSFE! 4 CO.._phone Decatur 2500. 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(Continued Prom First Page.) said, more than any other explorer nas pressed man’s inventions into use in furthering the cause of geographi- cal exploration. “We welcome you as the pioneer of | a new era of exploration—as one whe has made use of the airplane, the ra- dio, the tractor and other instruments and equipment representing the gen- jus of the American people o push back the boundaries of the unknown,” he said. Dr. Grosvenor characterized the Byrd expedition as “one of the most successful, fruitful explorations of modern times.” Its results will be reflected in part, he said, in change on every world map. He presen Byrd a certificate signed by every of cial of the society, setting forth th accomplishments of the expedition. “The society,” he said, “is proud to be associated with you in these enter- prises ” He testified to the “splendid leader- ship” of Admiral Byrd, and declared that his activities “have added im- of more than one per second to the unaided eye. Hundreds of readings of terrestrial magnetic forces were made and vari- ations and fluctuations were noted which will aid in studies of value to many branches of science and to navi- gation. Cosmic ray readings were taken at points farther south than ever before. The bottom of the sea was mapped over many new areas and more than 150 square miles of hitherto unknown ice area was definitely established as open sea. Measurements of the thickness of the ice sheet and of the sea beneath were made by exploding charges of dynamite and measuring the resulting vibrations by sonic re- corders. Ii was found that in places the ice reached thicknesses of as much as 8,000 to 9,000 feet, Admiral Byrd said. One of the objectives of the ex- pedition was to determine whether Antarctica is actually two continents, separated by a strait connecting the Ross and Weddell Seas. It was estab- lished definitely that no such strait exists and that there is a single conti- nent probably measuring about 3,000, 000 square miles in extent, or the combined size of the United States, Mexico and a part of Canada, the admiral said. : The expedition has brought out four times the scientific data accumu- lated on the first trip, the admiral ex- plained. Months will be required to analyze and correlate the material. Child Welfare Offices Moved. The Child Welfare Division of the Board of Public Welfare is being moved into the May Building, 400 block of C street, in the Municipat Center site. The move will be com- pleted next month. mensely to men’s knowledge of geog- raphy.” Each member of the expedition was introduced individually to the audi- ence by Lieut. Comdr. George Noville, airplane pilot and executive officer of the expedition. Music was provided by the Marine Band and the pro- ceedings were broadcast over tle na- tional networks of both Columbia and National broadcasting systems. Byrd and his men were accorded an impressive and enthusiastic welcome at the Washington Navy Yard as they set foot on American soil after an absence of nearly two years. There was a scene of military splendor as the President, members of his Cabi- net, congressional leaders and Gov. | Peery of Virginia extended the official welcome and praises of the Nation and his native State to the famous leader and his men. As the Bear of Oakland, convoyed by a Navy tug, neared the Navy Yard wharf, on which stood nearly 300 rela- tives of members of the expedition and more than 5000 spectators, a 13-gun salute to Admiral Byrd echoed over the river, the first of a half dozen salutes as dignitary after dignitary arrived, culminating in the 19-gun presidential salute. As the Bear was warped into the pier, a Marine Corps drum and bugle corps in full dress, with scarlet and gold pennons, -wung jauntily through the crowd, followed by the Navy Band in full dress and a battalion of Ma- rines forming the guard of honor. Ranking naval officers and their staffs, gleaming in white and gold, appeared. Members of the expedition, bronzed by months of Antarctic winds and tropical suns, were lined up on deck, stiff in unaccustomed “shore going clothes.” Many were in dress uni- forms of the Navy and Marine Corps and there was one Army uniform. Admiral Byrd, who had been in Navy blue, changed to whites. There was a wait before the Presi- dent arrived, filled by the band and drum corps and by the arrival of Cabinet members, Senators and Representatives and Gov. Peery, calling for crashing gun salutes and flourishes and ruffies from the band and bugles. No one was permitted to leave the Bear and explorers looked longingly at long-separated relatives and friends waiting in & roped-off enclosure on the wharf. President Arrives. ‘Then, somewhat ahead of the for- mal schedule, the President's car rolled up, the guns boomed, the band played, the drums .nd bugles played the Presidential flourishes, officers on the Bear and on the wharf saluted and the moment for the homecoming of the expedition arrived. Led by Admiral Byrd and his execu- tive, Comdr. Noville, the 121 expedi- tion members filed down the gang- plank to home soil as the crowd cheered lustily and the President waited, smiling happily. Byrd marched up to the President, who seized his hand, then took him by the arm and almost embraced him, beaming and enthusiastic in his welcome. After this warm and personal wel- come, Admiral Byrd began the formal ceremony with a brief report to his commander in chief. “Mr. President,” Byrd said, “I here- with report to you the return of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition II. Thanks to Providence, every man reached civi- lization safe and well. I regret to say that one man, one of our best, Ivor Tingloff, passed away in New Zealand from a physical ailment con- tracted after our return there. Due to the unselfish and good work of my men, I am glad %0 report that we have accomplished our scientific mis- sion with its 22-point program, hav- |ing obtained four times as much scientific data as before.” | The President’s welcome was brief | but warm and sincere. | “I welcome you and your comrades on your return to the United States,” he said. “I do this with a sense of high privilege and for two very good reasons. “The first is because of the close “and staff of the National Geographic | Society. There were no speeches and | no ceremony and no women were | present. Here Byrd was reunited with | his brothers, Senator Harry F. Byrd ‘Io! Virginia and Thomas Byrd of Win- chester, Va. After the dinner the members of the expedition had a short | time for family reunions before the | closing event of the long day, the No. 1: President Roosevelt greeting Admiral Byrd when the noted Antarctic explorer arrived at the Navy Yard yesterday for the welcome home reception. —Star Staff Photo. No. 2: Scene at the Navy Yard as the President delivered his address. No. 3: The famous brigantine, —Star Staff Photo. Bear of Oakland, veteran of Arctic and Antarctic ice packs, as it neared Washington with the Byrd party. —Copyright, National Geographic Society. No. 4: Members of Byrd's family as they awaited his arrival. Seated, Mrs. Richard Byrd and Richard Byrd, Byrd and Helen Byrd. 3d; in rear, Bolling Byrd, Katherine —A. P. Photo. No. 5: At the dinner given by the National Geographic Society at the willard Hotel last night in honor of Admiral Byrd. Left to right: Admiral Byrd, Gilbert Grosvenor, president of the National Geographic Society, and Senator Harry Flood Byrd. brother of the explorer. —A. P. Photo. No. 6: The members of the crew were not overlooked in the official greeting. Wilson Brown, naval aide, is shown &t right. || Byrd’s Achievements Cited This picture shows the President as he received them. Capt. —Star Staff Photo. National Geographical Society Presents Scroll to Explorer, Praising His Accomplishments in Last 10 Years. The scroll presented to Admiral his graphic Society as a citation for the exploring achievements _during past 10 years read as follows: “To Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, U. S. N., retired. “On the tenth anniversary year of association and deep friendship which | formal reception at Constitution Hall. | your first association with the National has existed between you and me for many long years. Contribution Cited. “The second is because once more | you have completed a successful ex- pedition for the gain of human knowl- edge and the furtherance of the prog- ress of civilization. “It is no small thing to have filled in another large portion of the map of the world which hitherto had re- achievement to have added valuable information to at least 22 separate sciences. “I have been especially interested in the meteorological data obtained by you and your comrades in that Antarctic region, in which storms and weather changes originate and make themselves later felt in many largely inhabited areas. “To have carried these ship com- rades to a dangerous outpost, to have developed your exploratory and scien- tific work through many months, under the most trying conditions, and to have brought them all safely home to their country and to their families, is an achievement of which the whole Natior is proud. s comrades and extend to all of you, in behal! of the American people, a nearty welcome home.” The President paused, took off his hat, turned to Byrd and said, “Dick, I salute you.” The President then introduced Gov. Peery, who welcomed his fellow Vir- ginian and members of the expedition in behalf of the commonwealth and its people. In reply to the addresses of wel- come by the President and Gov. Peery, the admiral expressed his joy at being nhome and his appreciation of the nonor done him and his men. “This,” he said, “is the very mo- ment of our arrival home. It marks the end of a long and uncertain jour- ney.” ;’n thanking the President for his presence at the wharf, Byrd said: “Few people, I believe, are really in- terested in science. That is perfectly natural, for science is generally very .dry stuff. But if our President, the people’'s _representative, appreciates what little we have done, then, as I have said, we have our reward.” Byrd told the President that «“though we have been at the bottom of the world, we have not been with- out some sketchy m;::?:lon con‘; cerning happenings ere, an we have followed y"ou with keen and thetic interest.” syn"lpaam glad,” he said, “for this chance to tel! you that every one of my men join mellht‘we lI‘ervefl& good wishes for your well-l g and your superb effort to lead us in the right direction.” - The President took the admiral and Mrs. Byrd in his own car for the trip back to the White House, preceded by a motor cycle police escort, and followed by an automobile caravan carrying members of the expedition. Byrd and Mrs. Byrd went direct to the White House, where they spent the night as the President’s guests. The expedition members went to the Willard Hotel, expedition headquar- ters during their stay here. At the Willard there was an in- formal dinner to the members of the expedition by the Board of Trustees mained a blank. It is an equally great | “And so I salute you and your| | Among the guests attending the re- ception were the following: Mr. Justice McReynolds, the Secre- tary of War and Mrs. Dern, the At- | torney General and Mrs. Cummings, | the Postmaster General and Mrs. Far- | ley, the Secretary of Commerce, Mrs. | Roper and Miss Grace Roper; the | Minister of Norway and Mme. Munthe de Morgenstierne, Gov. Peery of Vir- ginia, Senator and Mrs. Byrd, Senator Glass, Senator and Mrs. Pittman, Sen- ator and Mrs. White, Senator and Mrs. Trammall, Senator and Mrs. Keyes, Senator and Mrs. Dieterich, Senator and Mrs. Smith, Senator and Mrs. Bone. Representative and Mrs. Treadway, Representative Andrew, Representa- tive and Mrs. Church, Representative and Mrs. Gambrill, Representative Millard and Miss Millard, Representa- tive and Mrs. King, Representative and Mrs. Young, Representative and Mrs. Darrow, Representative and Mrs. Sutphin, Representative and Mrs. Vin- son, Representative Scott, Representa- tive and Mrs. O'Connell, Representa- tive and Mrs. Maas, Representative and Mrs. Drewry, Former Representa- tive and Mrs. Britton, Representative Delaney, Representative J. W. Mar- tin, jr.; Representative Robertson. Commissioner and Mrs. Lieut. Col. and Mrs. Sultan, Lieut. Gov. Price of Virginia, T. Russell Cather, J. Sinclair Brown, Ashton Do- vell, Col. Dodson, Dr. and Mrs. Gros- venor, Mr. and Mrs. Hutchison, Mrs. Patton and the Misses Patton, Dr. and Mrs. Wetmore and Miss Wetmore, Dr. and Mrs. Briggs, Mr. and Mrs. Put- nam, Mr. Edson and Miss Edson, Dr. Mrs. Gregg, Mr. and Mrs. Menden- hall, Dr. and Mrs. Abbot, Mr. and Mrs. Cammerer, Mr. and Mrs. Sargent, Dr. and Mrs. Merriam, Dr. Morlay, Dr. and Mrs. Mohler, Dr. and Mrs. Smith, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Gherardi, Rear /Admiral and Mrs. Defrees, Rear Ad- miral and Mrs. Smith, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Leahy, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Land, Rear Admiral and Mrs. King, Rear Armiral and Mrs. Hamlet, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Stark, Maj. Gen, and Mrs. Russell, Capt. and Mrs. Brown, Capt. and Mrs. Hellweg, the commandant of the Army War College and Mrs. Craig, Maj. and Mrs. Thomason, Col. and Mrs. Brecken- ridge, Capt. and Mrs. McKinley, Capt. Conway, Brig. Gen. Waller, Surg. Gen. and Mrs. Cumming, Dr. Conan. Mrs. R. E. Byrd, sr.; Thomas B. Byrd, Mrs. R. E. Byrd, jr.. Bolling Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, 3d; Miss Kath- erine Byrd, Miss Helen Byrd, Miss Margaret Byrd, Fenton Byrd, Miss Westwood Byrd, Harry F. Byrd, jr.; Miss Beverly Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Miss Eleanor Flood and H. D. Flood. Mr. and Mrs. Hildebrand, Mr. and Mrs. Simpich, Mr. and Mrs. Gros- venor, Mr. and ‘Mrs. Fisher, Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Mr. and Mrs, Kerbey, Mr. and Mrs. Bumstead, Mr. and Mrs. McKnew, Mr. and Mrs. Poole, L. W. Gillette, Mr. and Mrs. Roy, Mr. Leo A. Borah, Miss Rose Greely, Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Mooney, Rev. Father W. Coleman Nevils, S. J.; Mr. and Mrs. McIntyre, Mrs. Smith W. Purdum, Mrs. Ralph A. Graves, Mr. and Mrs. Wentzel, Mr. and Mrs. Thom, Mr. Clifford K. Berryman, Mr. and Mrs. Avers, Mr. and Mrs. Girard, Mrs. F. C. Billard, Mr. and Mrs. Howes, Mr. and Mrs. Eilenberger and Mr. and Mrs. North. Hazen, | and Mrs. Coville, Dr. Gore, Mr. and | | Geographic Society in aerial explora- | tion, the society’s officers and trustees, in behalf of its million members, de- sire to present this official expression of recognition and appreciation of your | unparalleled achievements as an ex- | plorer. “In 1925 you first flew airplanes suc- cessfully in exploration of the Fsr; North. “In 1926 you were the first and only | | man to command a flight by airplane | over the North Pole. Atlantic Flight Cited. “In 1927 you flew an airplane across | the Atlantic, making many observa- tions of high scientific value. “In 1928-30 you organized and led an expedition which spent 14 months in Antarctica, there discovering and naming new areas and making scien- tific studies in many fields. In 1929 you were the first and only man to command a flight by airplane over the South Pole. “Now, in 1935, you have returned Ifrom a second successful expedition to the Antarctic, again without the loss of a man, bringing final proof that the South Polar lands form a continent, and other geographic data of great importance. “Our society is proud to have been your reports and findings, i they Established 1879 | associated with you upon these ex-| peditions, You have submitted to us| to be | where on the way. N P.ESIQREP. OF Jie and phone CLeveland 7800. water soft as rain, with a delicate fabrics. e the same perfect process we use for the filmiest you want your furs, Winter clothing and rugs held unti] anteed passed upon by committees of sclen-: | Byrd last night by the National Geo- | tists, and you have written the flrszi | comprehensive accounts of your ex- plorations for the society’s National | Georgraphic Magazine. | Leadership Praised. “All these expeditions have been | noteworthy for your skill in organ- jzation, for your splendid leadership, | for your choice or scientific person- | nel, and for your adaptation, often for | the first time, of new methods and instruments for the study of diverse problems, Thus you have added im- mensely to man's knowledge of and interest in world geography.” The citation was signed by the fol- | lowing officials of the society: Gilbert | Grosvenor, John Oliver La Gorce.; George W. Hutchinson, John Joy| Edson, Walter S. Gifford, David Fair- | child, C. Hart Merriam, Lyman J. Briggs, George R. Putnam, Theodore W. Noyes, Charles Evans Hughes, John J. Pershing, William V. Pratt, Ray- mond S. Patton, Alexander Wetmore, Frederick V. Coville, Charles G. Dawes, A. W. Greely, George Otis Smith, O. H. Tittmann, J. Howard Gore, Robert V. Fleming and George Shiras, 3rd. Amelia Loses Luggage. NEW YORK (#).—There was dis- creet wonder when Amelia Earhart showed up at City Hall to receive a distinguished service certificate in a well-worn blue suit and a crushable blue hat. Miss Earhart explained it was the only costume she had available. What with long-distance airplane hops from Los Angeles to Mexico, and to New York her luggage had been left some- 3KILLED N TEXAS PRISON DISORDERS Three Convicts Escape After Leader Slays Guard and Injures Another. By the Assoctated Press. HUNTSVILLE, Tex., May 11.—The death of a guard and two prisoners and the escape of three convicts to- day marked bloody disorders at two of the many units in the State’s prison system. A break in which a guard and & prisoner were killed at the Eastman prison farm and fights at the main penitentiary here occurred less than 18 hours after Raymond Hamilton, Southwest desperado and his com- panion in crime, Joe Palmer, were electrocuted for slaying a guard. Authorities said they found no connection between the uprisings and the execution of the two killers, who led the Eastham farm escape in which Maj. Crowson, a guard, was killed in 1934. Jack Peddy, who once gained freedom by forcing a parole, led the prison farm break 40 miles north of here. Using a smuggled gun, he killed Guard Virgil Welch, seriously wound- ed Homer Parker, turnkey, and beat Guard Tom Stephens. Peddy was shot down as he, two murderers and a robber fled across a field. The guards, thinking Peddy was dead, pursued the other convicts. They returned later to find Peddy gone. He was shot to death two hours later as he walked out of & clump of trees. The others—Sam Grant and R. C. Tipton. both serving life sentences for murder, and Harry Lutlow, serving 35 years for robbery—fled into the Trinity River bottoms. At the prison here, Ernest Young, who last January almost killed a convict by cutting his throat over a dice game, was stabbed to death in a gang fight. About 100 prisoners took part in the fight. BYRD SAVED LIVES BY BRAVERY, MEN SAY Refusal to Let Expedition Know of Illness Told by Crew. ‘The grit and courage of Rear Ad- | miral Richard E. Byrd during the pe- riod when he lay critically ill in the absolute seclusion of his ice-bound shack at the advanced base 110 miles south of Little America is credited | with having saved the lives of mem- | bers of the second Antarctic expedi- tion. Although so weak he could scarcely move, Byrd maintained - daily radio communication with the Little Amer- |ica base, even after his electrical gen- | erator drive broke down and he had to generate current by a hand-driven dynamo. Often his strength proved unequal to the task of grinding out current for a full message and the power would fade off. Members of the expedition, becom- ing suspicious, finally inquired what was wrong. Byrd replied he had in- jured his arm. “Actually, he was a dying man and he realized it,” said one of the expe- dition leaders. “He knew, however, that if a rescue party set out tor him in the dead of Winter its members would face almost sure death. So he kept his silence, preferring to die at his post rather than call for nelp and risk.the lives of his men. Every mem- ber of the expedition feels the utmost | respect and admiration for the ad- miral's courage and thoughtfulness under these trying circumstances.” | CLUB TO HEAR KVALE G. W. U. 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