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THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY......March 2, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Av New York Office: 11 i Shae e el Pesn OMe® England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Editi e Evening Star. % and e and Sonday Sar :f: g ‘flul‘.dl]l) 65¢ per month Sunday Star.. . B¢ per copy Night Final Edition. R Nieht Final and Sunday Star.70c per mon t 55¢ per month N ectimn Swaci ihé end of each o Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. All Other States and Canada, 1yr. $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 iy and Sunday 1 3t $1a00: 1 mo: %480 inday oniy.. .l (1yr. $5001mo. 60 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all ne o aper local news published herein. ) publication of special dispatches herein are aiso recerved. The Legislative Deadlock. The Constitution of the United States contains in its first article this provision: “All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States.” The Constitution also makes the President & powerful factor in legislation by im- posing upon him the duty to recom- mend “such measures as he shall Judge necessary and expedient” and | giving the veto power to prevent any measure to which he objects from be- coming a law, unless his objections are overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress. But the duty to recommend pre- cedes consideration by Congress and the power to veto follows in theory congressional consideration and action, leaving to Congress the unimpaired power of affirmative, effective legis- lation. 5 ‘Thus while there is no specific limi- tation upon the President’s power to yecommend in such detail as he pleases measures for consideration by Congress and no prohibition of in- tervention by him during congres- sional consideration of his proposals, ‘with the veto club held over Congress, it is clearly not contemplated by or within the spirit of the Constitution that a President shall actively and personally intervene in congressional consideration and push important and highly complicated measures of con- tested constitutionality recommended by him with threat of veto if his legis- 1ative wishes are not without material change complied with. ‘The present temporary deadlock on Capitol Hill marks the clash of op- posing opinions concerning the degree to which the President can with pro- priety go in fighting vigorously for his proposals in Congress itself as well as by recommendation before congres- sional consideration and by veto afterward. The present Congress has recently and rather unexpectedly balked at acceptance without change of the President’s legislative proposals. It has objected to swallowing, without mastication at least, the legislation sent it by the Executive. If this comes as a surprise to the Executive, it is, perhaps, the fault of Congress. During the first two sessions of the National Legislature after President Roosevelt took office Congress took 1its legislative doses as prescribed by the White House. There was little trouble about that. The New Deal moved along almost without a hitch. Trouble with Congress has been brewing for some time, however. When the administration’s work-re- lief bill, with its huge appropriation of $4,880,000,000 and many new powers for the President, was laid before Congress that body began to turn. ‘There was difficulty in the House, but the ironclad rules, plus a determined leadership, finally put the bill through that body in form acceptable to the President. The real test came when the bill reached the Senate. And the test is continuing. The contest between the legislators and the President over the McCarran amendment fundamentally is a con- test over the powers of legislation. Boiled down, it means a demonstration as to whether the details of legisla- tion are to be determined by the Chief Executive, or by the Con- gress. It is not historically a new struggle, although it is new, except in a few isolated instances, to the pres- ent administration. The best solution of the difficulties of legislation is found ‘when the Executive consults with and abtains the co-operation of the Con- gress in legislative details. It does not necessarily follow if he undertakes %0 do the whole job. This deadlock will doubtless be Joosened by some form of compromise. ‘The real continuing, vital issue is that which is developing, with an increas- ing volume, of popular discontent as the multitude of small taxpayers fealize that they or their descendants or successors must contribute to re- Pay in increased taxes the billions of fioney borrowed for expenditure on vast and often novel New Deal ex- periments. —_——————————— Henry Kirke Bush-Brown. Henry Kirke Bush-Brown was one of those exceptional men in whom an elemental spirit dwells. His whole life was dedicated to ideal ends, and the power that made it so was akin to the fotce that moves the universe, sets stars in the ocean of the sky, carves mountains, paints forests and flelds, - provides even the humblest little brook ‘with music of its own. The influence of a gifted and generous uncle whose name he bore prompted him to dedi- eate his talents to sculpture, but he might as easily have been led into ‘some other department of creative enterprise. He was an artist in every aspect of his career, in his approach .0 every problem and in his relstion A "n every fellow creature he encount- his pilgrimage through the world. Perhaps his achievemeats might have been more distinctly notable than they were had he been less completely & man of altruistic impulses. A cer- tain egocentric concentration appears to be needed for the attainment of the highest esthetic honors, and Mr. Bush- Brown simply did not possess that sort of self-suficiency. He thought in social terms and labored for the com- mon good more than would have been wise in an individual ambitious for purely personal success. But his works were advantaged by his extraordinary idealism. A certain monumental nobility distinguishes them, and they testify to the patri- otism, the charity and the basic chiv- alry of their creator. He was, indeed, equipped with the sympathies and the understanding required for proper appreciation of heroes like Anthony Wayne and the unknown Mountain- eer Soldier. It goes without saying that Mr. Nation’s Capital. For more than a quarter century he had been an ac- ¢ | tive participant in every phase of ‘Washington's cultural progress, build- ing himself into the story of the city's growth and making his own contri- bution toward its welfare. Those who | knew him intimately loved him, and strangers, meeting him only over a distance, respected him and were | grateful for his example. Getting Rid of Pink Slips. Public opinion has been quick to respond in protest against the obnox- ious “pink slip” clause in the revenue act, requiring every taxpayer to flle separately with his March 15 return certain information regarding his in- come and income tax so that the curi- osity of Paul Pry & Company may be appeased. The House is going to get rid of the clause, if it follows the decision of a subcommittee of its Ways and Means Committee reached yesterday afterfioon. Next week a repealer bill will come from Chair- man Doughton of the Ways and Means Committee, and every effort will be made to expedite its passage. The Senate, meanwhile, will ponder its course in the face of what comes as near being a revolt by the income taxpayers as anything in the past. At a conference with the House this week a Senate subcommittee of the Finance Committee, headed by Sen- ator King as chairman and composed of Senators La Follette and Couzens, indicated that if the House rejected the pink slip clause the Senate would | insist on the original La Follette | amendment. This was the amend- from the bill in conference in favor of the hurriedly drawn pink slip busi- ness. It would make public detailed information on the income tax returns, to be secured by the curious-minded on payment of a fee. The pink slips | but one of the objections to the pink slips is that the information furnished is of no earthly use to anybody except prying busybodies and racketeers. The experiment in 1924 with income tax publicity should convince any- body that it serves no useful purpose. The publicity was dropped after a year of trial. In its stead there was substituted the section which is still carried in the 1934 act, in addition to the pink slip clause, providing that— Returns made under this title shall be open to inspection in the same manner, to the same extent, and sub- Ject to the same provisions of the law, including penalties, as returns made under Title II of the revenue act of 1926; and all returns made under this act shall constitute public records and shall be open to public examination and inspection to such extent as shall be authorized in rules and regulations promulgated by the President. That enables those with a real and legitimate interest in income tax re- turns—the committees of Congress, State officials, etc.—to obtain informa- tion they need. And who else has any right to this information? The only State which permits public examina- tion of income tax returns is Wis- consin, and the Tax Commission of that State has said that the publicity accomplishes no good and may do considerable harm. No means should be spared by the tax collectors or by Congress to see that there is dutiful compliance with the income tax law and to take ef- fective steps against evasion of taxes. But what has publicity of all returns got to do with enforcing the law? Full information is already available to the Treasury, and the President can make the returns available to any one who has a right to examine them. No demand for this publicity has been voiced by the Treasury or anybody else concerned with tax collecting. The House promises to repeal the meddlesome pink slip business quick- ly. The Senate should follow suit, or demonstrate for the first time the questionable advantage to the Govern- ment that lies in making public the private affairs of its tax-paying citi- zens. ———————— ‘There is one word that becomes even harder to pronounce by those who cherish ideals of human faith and that is “sabotage.” King Prajadhipok Quits. At the end of three years of in- cessant storm and strife at Bangkok, King Prajadhipok of Siam, from his self-ordained exile in the placid Eng- lish countryside, has proclaimed his abdication and paved the way for the accession of an eleven-year-old nephew, Prince Ananda, to his shaky throne. The King puts away his ancient crown as an entirely volun- tary act. For months a parliamentary dele- gation has been dickering with him in England, with a view to his retention of power, but as he resented being stripped of certain prerogatives, Prajadhipok, diminutive of stature, but capable of being every inch a rugged personality when occasion de- manded, declined to remain King on Parliament’s conditions. He now Jjoins the world's ever-growing colony " Bush-Brown will be missed in v.he[ ment which last year was dropped | do not require detailed information, : THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURD’AY; MARCH 2, 1935 of unemployed monarchs. He plans to spend most of his time in England, where he was educated and where there is traditionally welcome and asylum for royalties who for one rea- son or another have shed the purple. Siam, with its area of 200,000 square miles and roundly 10,000,000 inhabit- ants, is the remaining independent kingdom in Southeastern Asia. It has been torn with violent agitation ever since the system of absolute monarchy was overthrown by a coup d'etat in 1932. A new constitution, providing for & limited monarchy, ensued, and under it Prajadhipok continued to rule more or less contentedly and to the people’s satisfaction. But the princes, army officers and conservative poli- ticians, who had been compelled to surrender their former privileged po- sition, chafed under the domination of the revolting constitutional reform- ers and their insistence upon constant- ly new curtailments of the throne's authority. Bloodshed, ceaseless politi- icn turmoil, civil war, banishments, imprisonments and other upheavals have in consequence marked the coursé of Siamese history during the past two years, culminating in the departure of King Prajadkipok for Eu- rope in the hope that his absemce from the scene might tend to tran- quilize the situation and permit him to remain on the throne under con- ditions commensurate with his dignity and agreeable to the nation. Evidently his little majesty discov- ered this to be a hopeless outlook and has elected to face the inevitable. The world waits to see the next phase— whether Prajadhipok's going means also the disappearance of monarchy in Siam, its succession by a republic or a military dictatorship, or the country’s eventual absorption within other domains now in process of ex- pansion on the mainland of Asia. ‘When sums running into the billions are expended suspicions of graft arise inevitably; especially when events are going so fast that no one has time to count the change. The suspicion is often cruelly unjust, but the experi- ences of hardship tend to promote cynicism. ————— A study has been made by Senator Capper of Kansas of methods of rais- ing revenues for the District of Co- lumbia. He is patriotic in being ready to understand the wishes and require- ments of a community that has no vote. oo The Prince of Wales says he wants to be regarded as a plain man of the people. Such a state of affairs can- not be arranged. The people them- selves, in a spirit of admiring defer- ence, insist on certain formalities, ————— The fact that aviation students are supposed to occupy the sky does not prevent them from being held respon- sible as adverse influences on real estate values. R — Much interest is shown in Babe Ruth’s financial future. One thing is certain. He will never be on the dole. ———aee. One of the recognized duties of a United States President is to appear to be enjoying himself whether he is or not. ——e. In mentioning the fact that an emergency fund is great, it is pointed out that so is the emergency. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Pink Slip. 5 Hand me that little pink slip And on it the figures I'll flip. T'll welcome the snooper ‘Who comes with a trooper To find I've not garbled my “scrip.” I thought incomes taxes were wrong Excepting with war going strong. ‘The Government’s glory, Demanding my story, Put discord into my sweet song. A notary bids me aver. The Government next will demur, With hints all audacious That I'm not veracious. It won't even call me “Dear Sir.” That little pink slip hand to me. It makes me “see red” I'll agree. But since we're in position For tax inquisition, Let’s make it a grand third degree. Not So Weatherwise. “Have you ever been referred to as a gum-shoe politician?” “No,”" answered Senator Sorghum; “I wasn't even credited with sense enough to wear rubbers so as to keep from getting all wet in a slush fund.” Jud Tunkins says he sometimes wishes he were an Eskimo so that mother and the girls could be sure of having all the fur coats they wanted. In Agreement. I give fair greeting when I see The little bird in yonder tree. You seem just now with joy intense My equal in intelligence. You twitter on through wintry doubt, But know not what it's all about. On this we quite agree, my friend, The time draws near when doubts must end. Political Pun. “Even idle indifference can'cause public harm.” “Of course,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Every now and then some one neg- lects high responsibility in a way that makes him look like public enemia No. 1.” On the Level. The Tower of Babel came apart ‘When language in profusion Permitted discontent to start Dark methods of collusion. And so they were compelled to quit A most unusual revel, And try, each man, to do his bit While working on the level. “Good intentions,” said Uncle Eben, “needs sense to back ‘em. A hen ain’t entitled to much credit for patience in tryin' % hatch & china o5 el O S U L THIS AND THAT - BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Now that somebody has invented an >dorless cabbage, the same thing might be done for onions, mustard greens, and cauliflower. . ‘To say nothing of putting some taste into spinach. Cooking odors are especially repug- nant to persons with sensitive nostrils, but the lack of taste in spinach is really terrible. Here is a leafy greens which has |4 been praised to the skies, but which is so lacking in true taste that it is a wonder any one eats it. Nobody would, we feel sure, if it were not for th incessant spinach propaganda which has gone on for years. ‘Thousands of persons now living believe they will never die if they eat spinach. Life immortal is theirs, they seem to feel, if they will but imbibe their daily portion of this flabby, unhealthy- looking substance. * % ¥ * A new era will dawn for apartment house dwellers when the odorless cab- bage comes on the market. This will not be for at least two years, it is said. Until that happy day the cabbage- loving world of apartments must en- dure the unending smell one meets on opening the closed door down in the hall. Experts in this sort of thing say it Is never out of some places, although undoubtedly worse in the evening. ‘The casual observer of a calm cab- bage in its market basket will scarce- ly believe it of it. How can this round, fat vegetable have in its fine green leaves such a loathsome—to some—odor? It is true that some greet the aroma, as they call it, with apprecia- tive sniffs. Others shrink from it. To them it is a far worse smell than that emanating from those other cul- prits, onions, mustard greens and cauliflower. You wouldn’t think it of a cabbage, just to look at it! * x k% Consider the green vegetables, the asparagus, baby lima beans, green beans, string beans, wax beans, beet tops—some like ‘em—broccoli, brus- sel sprouts, celery, chard, chicory— not so much in this country; chives, collards, corn, cos, cress, cucumber— many fancy this; dandelion greens, dock, egg plant, endive, garlic— whew! —kale, leeks — horrible — let- tuce—the ladies’ favorite; okra, ol- ives, parsley, peas, peppers, sauer- kraut, scallions, tomato— The list is long; perhaps this is not all of them, by any means, but surely it is enough, so that any one who minds smell in cooking need not have recourse to onions, cabbage, etc. Surely this is another matter in | which one man’s meat is another’s poison, as they say. | Those who do not mind a cooking | odor do not understand how any one | | else possibly can. They agree to call | the latter “finicky,” as if that set- tled it or explained anything. | * X X x The disagreeable odor of cooking | cabbage is really horrible to such per- sons as mind it. It belongs to that category of smells of which it is commonly said that you STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Women get madder than men—and they get mad easler. Such is the conclusion of Dr. George M. Stratton, professor of psychology at the University of California, as the result of an extensive series of tests he has conducted on the emotional reac- tions of the sexes. He tested men and women in situa- tions tending to produce fear and anger. The women, he found, re- sponded more easily and more in- tensely to both. In the fear-producing situations, as might have been ex- pected, their reactions were much more frequent and intense than those of the males. Thus was confirmed the popular idea that the fair sex is the most timid. The fact that they also ran far ahead of the men in an- ger reactions, although the difference was by no means so marked as in-the case of fear, was somewhat surprising and contrary to the general opinion. Dr. Stratton concluded from his tests, as reported in the American Journal of Psychology, that woman has a “lower emotional threshold.” Her emotions are “set off” more easily and go to greater extremes. So marked is this that the California psychologist believes it to be a fundamental factor in the feminine pattern—one of the distinguishing marks of femininity as | distinguished from masculinity. But why are the two sexes closer to- gether in anger than in fear reactions? Because, Dr. Stratton believes, of the culture pattern in which the subjects of his experiment were reared. It is quite proper, according to the current notions of the fitness of things, for & little girl to be afraid. So she can| give way to her normal fear expressions without any fear of reproof. She has no need to repress them. The little boy, on the other hand, is taught to be brave. He is ridiculed by his play- mates if he shows any signs of the fear he really feels. Hence he must repress it with efforts of the will, and this repression eventually becomes part of his habit system. Even if the two sexes started on an equal basis, wom- an’s expression of fear would be greater than that of man. Quite different is the case With anger. It is unladylike to have & temper tantrum or display signs of rage. The little girl is scolded for such evidences. As is the case with fear among boys, she learns to re- press her wrath in order to win social approval. With boys, however, it 18 by no means so frowned upon. The boy is expected to get mad and to fight with his playmates. He has no very pressing reason for repress- ing his angry emotions. Hence they are allowed, much more than in the case of his sister, to be developed in his habit pattern. Yet even here women are more emotional than men. mv’:l‘:: s‘ua:; ton believes, proves his lower feminine emotional threshhold. One school of psychologists, he says, will interpret this as evidence of woman's inferiority. This group looks upon an intense emotional reaction as & breakdown. They hold that it comes only when the mind no longer is able to deal with & situation. Thus, they would say, the less emotional & man or woman the better. Dr. Stratton does not share this theory of the emotions. He looks upon woman'’s lower emotional thresh- hold as evidence of superiority.. Un- der his theory, the emotion is “an addition to one’s equipment for meet- ing a situation.” He points out that one’s physical powers are increased during an emotional episode. One can run faster when afraid, fight harder when mad. Emotions, he holds, have the same effect on thought, and . Gen- erally speaking, & person who is mad A get them up your nose and can't get rid of them. Perhaps it is a glue one is using. “I can still smell it,” one says, with 8 shudder, minutes afterward. It may be that atoms or molecules or something or other of the ma- terial still line the passages of the olfactory organs (nose to you, as the smartalecs say), but also it may be that there is a memory for such hings. ‘Why shouldn’t some materials, in a complex world of endless materials, possess the ability to impress them- selves veritably into the mind, or wherever it is memory reigns? Onions, for instance. * ¥ X % ‘The common garden onion, either the Spring variety or the globular affair, has a remarkable ability at it. Those who dislike onion smell—this includes leeks, garlic and a few others—dislike it, and there is no use telling them they do not. They hate it. They despise it. They want to get as far away from the land of onion as possible. If there is a place where violets grow, where daisies pied and pink apple blossoms twine into chains, if there is a land of clover in bloom, that is where they want to go im- mediately they smell onions. The cursed odor of the onion ex- ceeds, for them, the atrocious smell of boiling cabbage or mustard greens on the half-shel]. Phew! Pfah! as they say in books. Leaves of mustard put on the stove send forth fumes as of the lower regions. This is something one has to smell. ‘You could write about it all day and never once give the reality of it. You have to smell it. Still it must be admitted that such things, after the cooking, after the smelling, have some taste to 'em, | which is more than one can say of | spinach. The reign of spinach, we veritably believe, is coming to an end. Every time we take pen in hand to lambaste spinach—a safe subject— ! we receive one or more letters from | dear ladies who inclose receipes for | putting taste into this dish. * ¥ % x And still it has none. No matter how carefully the in- junctions are carried out, no matter how much sugar, or cottage cheese, or lemon, or whatnot is used, poured | over it, mixed with it, placed on top of it, no matter what is done to it, or how, it indubitably remains | spinach, first, last and always. | | Suppose it does contain vitamins? Suppose it has been called the broom ! of the stomach? Many things contain vitamins, bushels of them, if we can believe the growers and the manufacturers. Spinach has no monopoly on vita- mins, but in one thing it surely shines, and that is, alas, in lack of taste. One thing, alone, is more tasteless —kale. There is no hope for kale, but | | some genius may be able to put some | | taste in spinach some day, and when Ihe does it will be news far out- | shining that of odorless cabbage. AND ATOMS and Study. is better equipped for fighting in every respect, just as a person who | is afraid is better equipped for escape. | The lower emotional threshhold, he | | says, is probably intricately related to woman's greater powers to resist dis- $ease and to her greater constitutional | vigor. It labels the feminine as, when | all is said and done, the superior sex. * K ok X A new theory of cosmic ray origin is advanced by the British physicist, A. A. Milne, in the current issue of Nature. They result, he holds, from the occasional collision of free par- ticles, moving with the approximate | speed of light, in the vast reaches of intergalactic space. In the expanses of emptiness millions of light years | in diameter between the galactic sys- tems, he holds, there must be numer- ous tiny particles moving independ- ently. They are pulled this way and | that by the gravitational attraction of the great star system themselves and | finally this cumulative pull on some | of them causes a speed in the vicin- | ity of that of light itself—approxi- | mately 180,000 miles & second. When two bodies, however minute, crash into each other at such velcci- ties they annihilate each other, re- leasing energy in the process. This is what is detected on edrth as cos- mic radiation. Under this theory, Prof. Milne says, “there is no upper limit to the energy of a single ray. The energy is drawn from the infinite | energy associated with the infinitely many particles constituting the uni- verse.” * ¥ k *x A half billien years ago. when the records of the rocks show the first un- mistakable evidences of animal life on this planet, the dominant form | was that of scab-like creatures known as trilobites, which existed in vast numbers, and with great diversity of form, in the ancient shallow seas. The race became extinct and has no living representatives, but is of exceptional interest to paleontologists in their efforts to retrace the road life has followed through the ages. Its remains stand at the frontier of the hitherto impenetrable darkness of per- haps a billion years or more in the ) story of life. ‘The trilobite, of course, had ‘its life history, like any other living thlng.:‘ There Were baby trilobites and aged trilobites. It now is possible to follow part of the “growing-up” story of one species of these strange creatures through a remarkable series of fossils studied by Dr. G. Arthur Cooper, Smithsonian Institution paleontolo- gist. This particular species is a com- paratively late one in point of time. The fossils are almost 200,000,000 years later than the earliest known specimens df the race. Already, it is probable, the first fishes were ven- puring on the mud flats to become ancestors of the vertebrate fauna of the land, and the trilobites were far along in the decline of their domi- nance. Dr. Cooper studied 90 fossils, rep- resenting 70 individuals and showing part of the life range from baby- hood to the status of young adults. The youngest specimens represented by the fossils were approximately eight millimeters in length, or less than & third of an inch, with a body like the adult, but tail and head quite different. The largest known adult in the collection was almost four inches long. The species actually at- tained a length of 9 or 10 inches. But, Dr. Cooper found, when a trilo- bite had attained a length a little over half an inch its head and body form were approximately that of the adult, with the exception of the smoother, \ | dictatorship. | digestion. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. MEN, MIRRORS AND STARS. By E. Edward Pendray. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co. As sclence editor of the Literary Digest, Mr. Pendray knows how to pre-digest scientific knowledge for the ordinary man. In this book he has chosen the field of astronomy and its servant, the telescope. In the first part, “How Men Became Acquainted With the Universe,” he tells what is known of the visible universe, the progress of astronomy before the in- vention of the telescope and the his- tory of the early telescope and their “handmaidens,” the camera and the spectroscope. The second part, “Re- vealing the Instiuments That Reveal the Stars,” describes the telescopes of today, the glass and metals which go into them, and the other instruments which “help measure and interpret what the telescope sees.” Part three, “Modern Men and Modern Mirrors,” is about telescope makers in Europe and America, including the amateur i telescope makers who have con- tributed to the advancement of the difficult art. The chapter describing the 200-inch reflecting telescope of the California Institute of Technology, to be completed in three or four years, introduces one of the wonders of the modern world. The disc will weigh a trifle less than 20 tons and the whole telescope will weigh about 75 tons. Mr. Pendray asks, in connec- tion with this giant telescope, “Has the ultimate beer reached?” Reason- ing from our knowledge of the past, we can safely answer that it has not, that other and greater telescopes lie in the future, which will reveal mys- teries of the universe not yet dreamed by the mind of man. * ¥ Xk % FRENCH REVOLUTIONS. By E. L. Woodward, M. A. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. Nine times since 1789 the French, different generations of them, have changed their form of government. Mr. Woodward, fellow of All-Souls’ College, Oxford, studies these govern- ments and inquires concerning them— why they were revolutionary, why riots in Paris accompanied the changes, what is the significance as regards national temperament and national constitutional history of these experiments in terrorism and The big revolution of 1789 was a rising of the middle and lower classes against royalty and aris- tocracy; in terms of the individual a rising against poverty and heavy taxation, in terms of politics an at- tempt to bring freedom and law into the institutions of France. Following the Revolution there were several revo- lutionary dictatorships, the Terror under Danton and Robespierre, the Directory, the Consulate and the Em- pire, all but the first dominated by | Napoleon. When Napoleon was exiled {to Elba the Bourbons were restored | to the throne in the person of Louis XVIII, who fled from the Tuileries at | | the beginning of the Hundred Days. | when the news of Napoleon’s landing | in the south of France reached him. ; After Waterloo and the exile to St. | Helena Louis XVIII resumed the crown. He was succeeded by Charles X, who reverted to medieval policies during his brief reign, brought about a roup d'etat, which in turn brought about a revolution and his abdication. Louis Philippe of the collateral Bour- bon house of Orleans became the : “citizen king,” but abdicated during the revolution of 1848 and his place was taken by Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon I, first as President, then as Emperor Napoleon III. With the end of his rule after the battle of Sedan came the two sieges of Paris, the Commune and the third republic. Through all these vicissitudes of gov- ernment and revolution Mr. Wood- ward searches for the principle of lib- erty. He concludes: ‘“‘Suddenly, in our own day, the frontiers of liberty are narrowed again; the problem of reconciling liberty and order is no longer a problem of the past, but a problem of the present and future.” * ¥ X % PECKOVER. By J. D. Beresford. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ‘Whether the psychoanalysis ap- plied to Gilbert Peckover for the pur- pose of unifying his dual personality and the lecture given him by Dr. Marston on consciousness and per- sonality, five pages long, are sound, we are not prepared to say, but they probably represent certain theories on the subject and in any case do very well in fiction. This is one of Mr. | Beresford's lighter books, such as he has been writing in recent years, not at all of the quality of the “Jacob Stahl” series or “The House in De- metrius Road.” It is, however, enter- taining and has a piquant plot. Gil- bert Peckover, after many years of domestic infelicity and nervous indi- estion, due to “frustration” of his personality, Dr. Marston tells him, walks out of his house in Dulwich one evening, after his wife has auto- cratically turned off the overture of “Tannhauser” on the radio and turned on “something lively,” with an accompanying tirade of her own such as he is only too familiar with. He | is wearing his old velvet house jacket and has only a few coins with him. From shortly after that time, for six months, his memory leaves him and he leads an entirely new life, a much more youthful and successful life than that of the respectable Gilbert Peckover. He is jostled out of this new and exciting personality by his |arrest for bigamy, and in his prison cell becomes again the gld Peckover, resuming immediately his nervous in- ‘The friends of his second life take charge of his case and, with the psychoanalyst, straighten out his difficulties, more easily be- cause his wife, Iris, has already made other arrangements to her satisfac- tion. When Peckover's two person- alities are brought together the re- sult more nearly resembles the second and happier personality. * % %X X PUBLIC UTILITY VALUATION FOR PURPOSES OF RATE CONTROL. By John Bauer, Ph.D., and Na- thaniel Gold, LLB. New York: ‘The Macmillan Co. The public utilities are today fight- !ing a big fight, for their lives some say, for their rates, say others. This book, by the director of the American Public Utilities Bureau and a member of the New York bar and lecturer at the College of the City of New York, is on a specialized subject which has an important place in public utility investigations today and has recently figured in hearings before congres- sional committees. The authors out- line the historical development of the valuation concept, and cite certain court cases before and since the World War; discuss the basis of determina- tion of “fair value” under the laws of the United States, and conclude with their ideas of elements necessary to the establishment of a satisfactory rate base, with a chapter on the con- stitutional aspects of a fixed rate base. The book deals not only wtih public utility regulation, its first aim, but also with new and growing demands for the extension of public control in; many other directions. * % % X THE STOCK MARKET. By S. S. Huebner, Ph.D. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co. Recent stock market legislation has tall, which would continue to grow |caused the publication of a number]enubooklnt public and private M- of books ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Direc- tor, Washington, D. C, Please in- close stamp for reply. Q. How many travelers visit the National Capital?>—R. 8. C. A. Last year there were more than 2,176,000 visitors, which is little short of the record year, 1929, when there were estimated 2,368,000. Q. Is base ball played in Russia? —H. L. 8. A. The Soviet government will in- troduce base ball as a national sport before long. A special base ball sec- tion will be organized as part of the Supreme Council of Physical Culture. Q. How much cheaper is electric power for household use than it was 20 years ago?—R. T. A. In 1913 the average net price per kilowatt hour was 8.1 cents. In 1933 it was 6.1 cents. Q. When is Lei day in Hawaii?— C. R. A. Lei day is celebrated on May 1 of each year. This year the event is to be expanded into a three-day festival. Q. Please give the meaning of esprit de corps and persona grata.— WwW. T. K. A. Esprit de corps, a spirit binding | together the members of an organ- ization. Persona grata, an acceptable person. Q. Has the Grand Duchy of Lux- emburg a diplomatic representative in this country?—N. K. A. It has not. Luxemburg's inter- ests in the United States are cared for by the Belgian Embassy. There are six consular offices representing Luxemburg in this country, at San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Min- neapolis, New York City and Redfield, S. Dak. Q. Is the aurochs extinct?—P. L. Q. | A. The aurochs, the wild ox of | Europe, has been extinct since the seventeenth century, its last point of survival being Poland. It was of great size, some specimens having stood 6 feet at the shoulder, and was black in color. On the extinc- tion of this animal the name aurochs was in common parlance transferred to the European bison, which is al- | most extinct, but which survives in | protected areas as does the American bison. | Q. Where can the most accurate | measuring instruments in this coun- | try be found?—W. 8. | A. At the National Bureau of| Standards. Some of the most ac- curate measuring instruments in the | world are housed there. Q. In what poem are the verses which begin “When the oldest cask | is opeixed and the largest lamp is lit"? —E. L. | A. The concluding verses of Ma- caulay’s “Horatius at the Bridge” be- gin in this fashion. Q. What is the nature of the edu- cation program carried out in the Civilian Conservation Camps?—J. M. A. According to a handbook pre- dominant aims of the C. C. C. educa- | tional program are: 1. To develop in ieach man his powers of self-expres- sion, self-entertainment and self- culture. 2. To develop pride and sat- isfaction in co-operative endeavor. 3. To develop as far as practicable an | understanding of the prevailing so-! cial and economic conditions, to the | iend that each man may co-operate intelligently in improving these condi- | | tions. 4. To preserve and strengthen pared by the Office of Education, the | p good habits of health and of mental development. 5. By such vocational training as is feasible, but particu- larly by vocational counseling and ad« justment activities, to assist each man better to meet his employment probe lems when he leaves camp. 6. To de- velop an appreciation of nature and country life. Q. Where do most of the spon; come from?—M. H. i A. The Bureau of Fisheries says that the Mediterranean sponge fishery is of considerable antiquity and it now produces over half in value of the world supply, though it is impossible to obtain accurate statistics for all countries on its border. The newer fisheries of the American coast pro- duce by far the largest quantity, but & predominance of the lower-priced kinds reduces the value to about three-fourths of that of the Medie terranean fisheries. Q. Who is the most famous and outstanding man cornet soloist in the last 30 years?—G. B. K. A. Probably the most famous and outstanding man cornet soloist in the last 30 years is Herbert Clarke, for many years soloist with the Sousa Band and now president of the American Bandmasters’ Association. Q. How long has England had a children’s newspaper?—G. D. A. It has been published in Lon- don since 1931, Q. How often has automatic train control actually saved lives and prop- erty?—E. A. R. A. The Interstate Commerce Com- mission says that it is largely a mat- ter of conjecture as to the number of accidents which have been prevented by automatic train control devices, since no one has been able to devise any system of counting accidents which do not occur. However, occa- sionally there are instances where it is known with reasonable certainty that train control has functioned to prevent an accident. Q. What percentage of the forest trees in this country are hardwood? —M. A. A. Prof. Hoylé of Syracuse Univer- sity says that only 11 per cent of our national standing timber is in hardwood species, while the hard- wood cut ranges from 19 to 25 per cent of the total cut, and that we are using hardwoods out of all proportion to the supply, about twice as fast as other timber (softwoods). Q. What does it cost to supply free air to motorists?>—E. F. A. It has been estimated that free air, as furnished by gasoline and service stations of the United States figured at 1,000 cubic feet per minute of air at 100 pounds pressure, costs $3.925 per hour, $31.40 per eight-hour day, ar $942 per 30-day month. These charges include capital investment and operating charges. Q. Are any portions of the ship Bounty preserved at Pitcairn Island?— S. A. The rudder of H. M. S. Bounty was salvaged in December, 1933, and is preserved in front of the Court House in Pitcairn Island. Q. How many Federal employes are now receiving retirement pay?—C. A. The Civil Service Commission says that in 1934 there were 48,3839 persons on the retirement roll. The amount of money paid out in 1934 for annuities was $39,620,913.80. The amount returned to former employes was $8,035,785.74. Q. How far from the Dionne home is the hospital in which the quin- tuplets are being reared?—N. D, A. About 100 yards. Accept Newspaper comment on the Supreme Court’s decision in the gold cases re- flects chiefly national satisfaction over having the problem out of the way, and also quite general approval of the 5-to-4 action upholding the Govern- ment’s right to devalue the dollar and | void gold clauses in private contracts. | “In view of the substantial justice | done.” says the Kansas City Times, | “there is difficulty in understanding the reasoning of Justice McReynolds, | in his dissenting opinion, that ‘the | Constitution has been swept away'.” | The Scranton (Pa.) Times remarks that “stripped of all legalistic verbiage, the dollar today is as good as the dol- lar was before the Supreme Court’s de- cision sustaining the devaluation of money and the suspension of gold pay- ments.” | “The court made national history,” according to the Portland Oregon Journal. “Its decision in the gold clause issue gave tremendous momen- | tum to national recovery. That deci- sion sustained in material particulars the authority of Congress to devalue the dollar. In so deciding the court nor or major character. It contributed |to national morale, already revived by | the recovery program. It gave to pri- ! vate industry and capital an incentive { to join more largely with the Govern- |ment in economic re-establishment. | The reflex of the decision was seen at once in the upward movemgnt of securities. It was felt in the great | sense of relief that passed across the | Nation.” From the conservative standpoint, the Providence Bulletin declares that “to many, many people in the United States the strong statement of the minority represents the conscience of American traditions and ideals, speak- ing its protest against the money policy of the administration.” The Bulletin, however, thus summarizes the court’s action: “It could not help appreciat- ing that it was writing a decision with the eyes of the world turned upon it and with the long perspective of his- tory to sit in judgment upon its find- ings. There must have been long and profound searchings of the heart and mind by the members conscious of the tions of the market, both those which are legitimate and those which have been called questionable. This book, by the professor of inst ce and com- merce of the Wha School of Finance and Commerce of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania was originall: published in 1922, but has been re- vised, enlarged and brought into har- mony with the changes effected through 1934, in collaboration with G. L. Amrhein and C. A. Kline, both of the University of Pennsylvania. It constitutes an authoritative account of stock market organization, func- tions, services, principles and prac- tices and regulations both early and recent. The relations of stock mar- kets to business enterprises and to individuals are explained and their importance in the economic life of the world is pointed out. Technical matters, such as the mechanism by which securities change hands and factors controlling prices of securities, are also elucidated. The book is val- uable as a text book for students of | undoubtedly prevented a panic of mi- | | tice and liberty and reason. High Court’s Gold Decision ed as Welcome Relief mighty responsibility which rested upon them. No matter what the coun- try thinks of the decision—and there will be differences of opinion as there were among the individual members of the court—there is no denying that the Supreme Court arrived at its con- clusions 1o the satisfaction of the consciences of the members.” The attitude of the country is ana- lyzed by various editors. “The uncer tainty has had a decidedly adverse effect on business activity,” in the opinion of the Texarkana Gazette, while the Richmond News Leader states that “the final tribunal of American justice has dissipated the fear of a new gold crisis,” and the Philadelphia Inquirer thinks “the President can go ahead. subject to approval of Congress, with the hands of the administration strengthened.” The Boise (Idaho) Capital News feels that “the decision clears the tracks ahead for American business,” and the New York Times concludes that “the court’s authority and prestige have been reinforced.” The Wall Street Journal is convinced that “its effects had been discounted in ad- vance.” The Indianapolis News sees “a good effect on business.” The Birmingham (Ala.) Age-Herald says: “This paper sees in the ma- | ority rulings no undermining of the Constitution. but it can conceive that it might be possible for a man-made | Constitution, like so many man-made laws, to fall short, under changed conditions and literal reading, of jus- In that event, it is time even for constitutions to be changed. But always, it should be added, with deliberation and the exercise of the greatest possible wise dom.” “In the decision,” concludes the Chicago Daily News, “there is consoe lation for both sides in this long- standing controversy. On the one hand the power of Congress to regu= late the value of money emerges from the smoke of legal battle clarified and strengthened. On the other, there is an implied rebuke for the adminis- tration in the finding that while holders of Federal gold bonds have no recourse, yet the gold clause in the Federal bonds is valid, and the Gov- ernment, in failing to honor it, has broken a pledge.” ————————————— Byrd’s Homecoming. Prom the Watertown (N. ¥.) Times. We trust that Admiral Byrd will ly | not get half way home and then re- member - that he has left something important behind. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton The Electric City If now and then the streets might be Plunged into starlight, ‘Would men pause and think When on the brink Of some mad folly made by night Brighter than day? ‘Would hearts more sober grow finance and economics and as a refer- and articles on the opera- braries. If men might know For one deep hour A starlit town? -