Evening Star Newspaper, February 27, 1935, Page 2

INGOME PUBLICITY SUIT IN PROSPECT Kidnapings and Wave of Credit Withdrawals Is Feared. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. With the prospect that publication of income:-tax returns will lead to a wave of kidnaping and blackmailing, to say nothing of possible withdrawal of credit to small business whose proprietors are supposed to be earn- ing more than they do, there is a possibility & cour action to enjoin publication of the returns may be de- veloped by interested taxpayers. The Constitution says: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses. papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated. 50-year-old Decision Cited. The Supreme Court more than 50 vears ago rendered a decision which has some bearing cn this point wheni 1t said: “We do not overlook these consti- tutional limitations which, for the pro- tection of personal rights, must neces- sarily attend all irvestigations con- ducted under the authority of Con- gress. “Neither branch of the legislative department, still less any merely ad- ministrative body established by Con- gress, possesses or can be invested vith a general power of making in-| quiry into the private affairs of the citizen. (See Kilbourn v. Thompson.) “We said in Bovd v. United States —and it cannot be too often repeated —that the principles that embody the essence of constitutional liberty and | security ‘orbid all invasions on the part of the Goverrment and its em- ployes of the sanctity of & man's home and the privacies of his life As said by Mr. Justice Field in the | Pacific Railway Commission case. ‘Of all the rights of the citizen, few are | of greater importance or more es-| sential to his peace and happiness | than the right of personal security. | and that involves not merely protec- ! tion of his person from assault. but exemption of his private affairs, books and papers from the inspection and scrutiny of others. Without the en- joyment of this right, all others would | lose half their value.'” | Publicity Compulsery. The Supreme Court has always held that a particular purpose or rea- son had to be shown to justify a statute in seeking the citizen to file information or obey orders from | courts to produce papers. But what is the legislative or Judicial purpose of the law which | requires jncome tax returns to be | made public? No purpose is cited in . the law itself. The case would be different if the citizen refused to give to the commissioner of internal revenue all the data on which his income tax return is based. But in the present instance, all the data are voluntarily furnished and the new law which goes into effect this year for the first time makes it compulsory for the Treasury Department to open the returns to public inspection. The law is in plain violation of the Constitution, judging by the prece- dents cited. But it is one thing for the rights of the citizen to be violated and it is quite another thing for him to obtain redress. The lawyers hereabouts are dis: | cussing just how a case could be got- ten into the Federal courts which would tend to stay the hand of the ‘Treasury Department from making public the income tax returns. Unless damages can be shown, no suit can really be considered, and the trouble is that the damage actually has to occur to a few citizens before there can be any acceptance of the idea | that damage is inevitable. Data Source Must Be Shown. In the case of a kidnaping, more- over, it would be necessary to prove that the kidnapers got their informa- | tion as to the wealth of a citizen from reading the income tax re- turns, something that would be al- most as complicated as proving the crime itself, for example, in the Hauptmann case. There is some talk that citizens may file suit against collectors of internal revenue throughout the country, hold- ing them personally liable for damages that may ensue from the invasion of privacy. The Treasury Department has never been in sympathy with the publicity law anyway and this might operate as a deterrent to its action. Executive Ignores Law. Y Again and again the executive branch of the Government has taken the responsibility for disregarding & mandate of Congress if it appeared that a greater damage might ensue {rom the performance than the breach. ‘This was true in connection with the laws passed by Congress to give a dis- count of 5 per cent to all importers who carried goods in American ships. President Wilson took the position that the law violated commercial treaties and he ignored the law. So did two successive administrations and it was subsequently repealed. 1f the Treasury Department, mindful of the dangers through suits to col- lectors of internal revenue, should de- cide to await the outcome of litigation on constitutionality, there is no way it could be compelled to make the act effective in the meantime. Incidentally, the movement for re- peal is growing in both houses and if the President would add his support to the measure it would no doubt be immediately adopted. 2 (Copyright. 1935.) SUBCOMMITTEE NAMED. { Tax Publicity Change Will Studied. By the Associated Press. The Senate Finance Committee to- day set up a subcommittee to confer with a similar group of the House ‘Ways and Means Committee over the advisability of changing the law re- quiring publicity of income tax returns. Chairman Harrison announced, how- ever, that he had communicated with Secretary Morgenthau and was told by the Treasury Secretary he had no recommendations for a change in the law and was ready to proceed with its enforcement. The decision to set up a subcom- mittee to confer with the House com- Be What’s What Behind News In Capital “Secret 100” Exists in Hope, Not Fact, as Factions Emerge. BY PAUL MALLON. E biggest Washington mystery . now is “The Secret 100.” 1t is supposed to be a gumshoe gang of 100 House members banded together clandestinely to radicalize the New Deal and the Nation. - Gore drips freely from all sug- gestions about it. A skull and cross bones is supposed to be its secret symbol. Members are reported to be tramping around the House Yoor in their rubbers so their shoes will not squeak. The only thing generally known about it is that nobody knows any- thing about it. Therein lies the real secret of it, which is that it is just a little too secret. It exists in hope and not in fact. Hope to Get 100 Votes. What seems to have happened is this: The leaders of the various theory groups have been buzzing with each other. They need not be smart to realize they are not going to get any- where with their pet theories this ses- slon unless they first get together. ‘The 30-hour week realots need the help of the silver boys. bonusites and inflationists, and vice versa. No meetings have been held, no or- ganizatioh formed. A couple of Con- gressmen and newsmen laughingly suggested that the idea be dramatized with the appeliation, “The Secret 100.” The truth is, they hope they can muster 100 votes to do or die for all their legislative stunts. On some issues they will get more than 100, but on most. {ar less. There is nothing particularly new | about it 1t is just the same old log-rolling idea that originated with the first Congress that ever assembled. Also, MR virtually the same radical labor groups got together at the end of the last session and merrily played havoc for a while. Jockeying for Power. ‘This fraternity legislation idea may sound to you like an over-dramatized joke, but the truth is that it is at the root of all President Roosevelt's cur- rent troubles with Congress The serious thing behind the with- drawal of the relief bill, for instance, was not what happened at that time, bhut what was going to happen. All vou know is that the Senate defeated Mr. Roosevelt on the prevailing wage, but what Mr. Roosevelt knew was that the bonus and silver amendments to his relief bill were coming up next. After them will come the social se- curity legislation ¢Townsend plan amendment) and N. R. A reorganiza- tion (30-hour week amendment). The President must crush these Jorming congressional groups now, else in @ month or two they may run away with him and hls New Deal. 1f the present plan of whipping up public sentiment against the Senate on the prevailing wage issue fails to restore Mr. Roosevell’s congressional prestige, you will see him make other moves to do it— a fireside radio talk or a public appeal. There is hardly a chance for him to lose in the end, but the situation | will require some clever jockeying be- | might be undertaken by the adminis- fore he is through with it. Penalty of Greatness. Every White House occupant has had stories concocted about him which | are not exdctly accurate, but might | to waste. Earlier efforts on the part be. 1t is a penalty of greatness. One now going the rounds concerns a Hyde Park neighbor who is supposed to have dropped in to shaké hands with Mr. Roosevelt. He kept saying he only wanted to shake hands, but Mr. Roosevelt was customarily cordial and refused to let him go. The embarrassed neighbor kept moving toward the door, but finally the President insisted that he go over to the Executive Mansion to chat with Mrs. Roosevelt, Calyng an attendant, | Mr. Roosevelt asked that the neighbor be escorted over for that purpose, whereupon the attendant replied: “Didn't you know Mrs. Roosevelt has not been hefe for three days?” Groups Herd Together. The underlying condition in Con- gress is essentially no different than last session. The customary sheep- like fashion, both Houses are splitting into two groups, radical and conserva- tive. You might call the radicals the Huey Long type. Only a few are really Long men, but they share in one or more particulars the idea of run- ning off with the country. The con- servative group might be called the |t Carter Glass thinkers, who share in varying degrees his distrust of the New Deal. As Mr. Roosevelt is trying o pur- sue a middle-of-the-road course, he fundamentally pleases neither group. The only way he kept them from riding off in opposite direc- tions last session was to put the cold issue of “stand by the Presi- dent” up to them determinedly. Every good legislative observer, both in and out of Congress, agtees that the sheep will fall in line if he can keep everything on that basis. One thing the New Deal is not bragging about is the way the mmort- gage loan drive by the Federal Hous- ing Administration is working out. Operations were started two months ago, but not a figure is available yet. The facts seem to be that the F. H. A. is waiting until a sizable figure ac- cumulates. 1t may be & long time. mittee was made after Senator Cope- | land, Democrat, of New York had ap- peared before the committee in exec- utive session and urged of the income tax publicity provision. Influensza Decimates Zoo. MADRID, February 27 (F)—The Zoo was decimated today by the in- ing great suffering throughout Spain. An: elephant, Hon, polar bear, gebra, llama, camel and & kangaroo died of ernment w'm?“fl‘ d that they are viola e y be one of the hottest you ever saw. What has been done 80 far is just the | a) WAR SHIPBUILDING PROFITS ARE AIRED Bethiehem Total $68,000, 000 for Period, Muni- tions Probers Hear. By the Associated Press. Profits of $68,000,000 réaped by the | Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. and its { subsidiaries during the war period were listed today by Senate Munitions Committee exhibits. The profit was shown in these documents to range from 20 per cent | to 57 per cent of invested capital in | the plants. Official Protests. But thes¢ figures brought an im- mediate protest from 5. W. Wakeman, vice president of the corporation, that the percentage of profits shown was ou talk of percentage of F. A. Shick, controller, in- terjected, “you are not including $32,000,000 of capital put in by the Government.” He declared the Government built several plants used by the company. “The Government put them up and let us use them in return for the benefit of our ‘know-how,’” Shick said. “As far as return to the stock- holders was concerned,” Stephen Raushenbush, committee counsel, said, “this is the amount they re- ceived on what capital they put in.” “That is true,” Shick agreed. Grace Defends Bonuses. Eugene G. Grace, Bethlehem head, whose war-time bonuses amounted to $3,669,000, yesterday defended the bonus system of his company and said it had been an “incentive” to greater efficiency. { He refused to concede that the war- time profits of Bethlehem Steel were “exorbitant,” but said that in the event of another conflict he felt there would be less difficulty in relations between Government and industry. “I agree profits should not be ex- orbitant,” he said. “I should say there will not be a repetition of the situa- i tion in the World War.” RICHMOND, Va., February 27— Senator Nye, chairman of the Senate Munitions Committee, told an audi- ence here last night that munitions makers had “the most powerful lobby in the world” and “had wrecked every disarmament conference.” | Senator Nye spoke at | forum meeting. Arms makers, he said, have divided the world into separate sections by | agreement and proved themselves “our | purest examples of internationalists. 18,000-ACRE TRACT BOUGHT BY U. S. AS RECREATION CENTER (Continued From Pirst Page) & public Park Service has made recreational areas along the Washington-Freder- icksburg-Richmond Highway for the convenience of picnickers. Some Families Remain. Some of the families now living within the 8,000 tract will be permitted to remain but most of them will be transplanted to other areas in Vir- ginia through the co-operation of the Virginia State Rural Rehabilitation | Corp. | The site on Chaponawomsie Creek | eventually will bring to the residents | !of three cities and numerous small | towns one of the closest recreational areas in this section. Provisions will | be made for tourist camps and gen- { eral picnic grounds and fishing. | How vast and comprehensive a con- | servation-recreation park scheme tration was shown in the November report of the National Resources | Board, which detailed a program of | conservation for the country's natural | resources which might otherwise go |of the Government already have i added 567,872 acres to the Nation's State parks in two years as a result | of C. C. C. activities. Even since pub- | lication of the National Resources 1 Board report, 191,024 acres dre said to have been added to park areas. Detailed plans for the nearby project |in Virginia will be announced this | week by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Congress in Brief | By the Associated Press. TODAY. SENATE: In recess. Appropriations Committee takes up War Department appropriation bill. Coal hearing on before Interstate Commerce Subcommittee. Munitions Committee questions of- ficial of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. Federal regulation of interstate bus traffic consideréd by Interstate Com- merce Subcommitfee. HOUSE: Takes up Interior Department ap- propriation bill. Agriculture Committee conducts hearing on A. A. A. amendments Intetstate Commerce Committee hears testimony on holding company regulation. Labor Committee conducts hearing on bill to give labor equal representa- tion with employers on code authori- es. Ways and Means Committee studies economic security bill. YESTERDAY. | SENATE: Cleared unanimous consent calen- r. Munitions Committee heard Eugene G. Grace, steel executive, describe veterans’ bonus demands as ‘“unfor- tunate.” Interstate Commerce Subcommittee heard opposition to Guffey coal con- servation bill. HOUSE: Passed bill to provide a cent-a- pound processing tax. Judiciary Committee approved two -mo-cflm: bills. od Agriculture Commitiee open Aamendments. conducted hearings on holding com- pany and motor vehicle regulation.” S ——————————tepet doesn’t matter what vrlh‘?t‘o an suspicion that was trying to get & tip en the de- cision, to have New Dealers are supposed w; EUGENE G. GRACE, President of the Bethlehem Steel Corp., shown in & series of candid camera studies as he appeared before the Benate munitions hearing. N.RA.ISSUENEARS SENATE DECISION Proposal for Joint Probe May Be Taken Up To- MOrrow. With several groups of Senators advocating different plans of pro- cedure for the proposed investigation | of N. R. A, the issue is expected to come to a head when the Senate | reconvenes tomorrow. | Senator McCarren, Democrat, of | Nevada and Senator Nye, Republican, | of North Daketa, who joined in urg- | ing & sweeping inquiry into the entire | picture of the effects of nearly two | years of operation of the codes, are | preparing to ask that a special select | Senate committee be set up to con- duct the investigation. Following an executive meeting of | the Finance Committee today, Chaire | man Harrison gave notice his commit- | tee will oppose this move. A select committee, Harrison declared, would | “hamper and delay the Finance Com- mittee,” which is about to begin work on the administration’s recommenda- tions for extending the life of N. R. A. The Finance Committee, the chair- man said, resents any intimation that a whitewash of N. R. A. is contem- plated. Wants Facts. “What we want are facts and a thorough study of the codes,” Har- | rison continued. “Only in that way | can it be ascertained what if any | changes should be made in the law, or whether N. R. A. should be con- | tinued.” | The Blue Eagle organization would | expire June 16 under the present law. ! If the Senate decides to leave the general investigation to the Finance | Committee, Senator King's Judiciary | Subcommittee would still go ahead with its separafe study of whether N. R. A has led to monopolistic | tendencies. ‘Today's developments appeared to foreshadow a battle in the Senate over how the N. R. A. inquiry should be conducted. i Senator McCarran prevented action yesterday on resolutions to make funds available for the separate | N. R. A. inquiries by two different committees, and conferences are being | held today on the alternative pro- | posal for a special select committee. | In any event, the workings of the | N. R. A. codes will be in the limelight | on Capitol Hill before long. either through the proposed general inquiry, | or the hearings on the type of bill | that should be written to eéxtend the | code system beyond June. More Than 700 Codes. ‘While these developments were tak- ing shape at the Capitol, N. R. A. figures were made available showing that 546 codes and 185 supplemental codes have been approved up to February 1, covering approximately | 19,746,000 workers. The report also showed how the | organization needed to operate the | N. R. A. act has expanded. From 169 | employes in June, 1933, the total ad- vanced to 4,562 in January, 1935, | with 3,323 working in the Washington office and 1,239 in the field. In June and July of 1933, N. R. A, administration expenses were $84,638, which increased to the record high of $1,054,482 in January, 1935. The figures on employes and costs do not include the personnel or pay roll of code authorities, which are set up by industries to administer their codes. but it was officially estimated that this cost was $41,000,000, which N. R. A. men said represented a few hundredths of 1 per cent of the aggre- gate paytolls, or sales of products in N. R. A. industries. 92.50 Cost Per Worker. The figures were published in an N. R. A. report on the operation of the récovery act. It said that “reduced to the sort of figures which the worker customarily uses in his own pocket- book calculations, the total cost per worker has been about $2.50, that is, less than 25 cents a month, the total outlays by both the Federal Govern- ment and the code authorities adding up to less than $55,000,000.” The American Federation of Labor was driving today to put the Wagner labor disputes bill, which ie fought by industrial leaders, into a prominent place in the New Deal sun After & conference last night with Secretary of Labor Perkins, President Willlam @reen of the A. F. of L. said he had hopes that she and the administration would suppott this bill. It would outlaw “company-domi- nated” unions, create a more powerful National Labor Relations Board and make “majority rule” the accepted legal prumph in collective bargaining. Farley Tiled Bath DrawsComment at Hearing on Bill “They Say It Is Most Im- portant Part of Build- ing,” Says Zioncheck. By the Associated Press. News of Postmaster General Far- ley's tiled bath in the new Post Office Building has not gone unnoticed on Capitol Hill. While H. P. Caemmerer, adminis- trative officer of the Fime Arts Com- mission, was testifying on the 1936 Interlor Department bill before a House appropriations subcommittee, Representative Zioncheck, Democrat | of Washington, broke in to ask if the commission “had anything to do with Mr. Farley's bath room?” “No, sir,” Caemmerer quickly re- plied. “That is a detail left to the Postmaster General.” “They say,” Zioncheck remarked, “that is the most important portion of his building.” §58,775,65 TOTAL OF INTERIOR BLL New Activities and Pay Res- toration Help Boost Meas- ure $11,910,790. By the Associated Press. New activities and the final § per cent Government pay restoration to- day helped boost the 1936 Interior Department appropriation bill to $58,775,656, an increase of $11,910,790 | over current figures. This sixth of the nine annual sup- ply bills to reach the House, however, was $3,297,409 under budget estimates. Among important changes recom- mended by the Appropriations Com- mittee in reporting the bill was the creation of an undersecretaryship and an allowance of $10,000 salary for this position. The Interior Department pleaded that more work warranted the position, which now exists only in the State, Treasury and Agriculture De- partments. Permanent Appropriations. Permanent annual appropriations automatically recurring in the 1936 fiscal year, beginning July- 1, totaled $16,786,040 in the bill, compared with $16,254,240 this yea: ‘The $1,500,000 allowed in 1935 for the Oil Administration was not re- peated because the Supreme Court in- validated the oil section of the N. R. A. and also because hearings disclosed that under the recently enacted Con- nally control measure fees collected would make the administration seif- sustaining. Among increases over budget esti- | mates were $780,555 for educating Indian children to a total of $8,771, 120, and $25,000 more for reclamation | work to a $1,022,100 total. New activities included the grazing control program passed last session, which drew $250,000; the Wheeler- Howard Indian rehabilitation pro- gram, $175,000, and the Bureau of Mines (retransferred ftom the Com- merce Department), $1417311, or $202,385 more than it was allowed this year. More for Park Setvice. Although the National Park Service was cut under budget estimates, it re- ceived $15,713,890, or $4,394,250 more than in 1935. ‘To place the funds of the Geological Survey “on a basis approaching the level which existed in pre-depression days,” that service was allowed 42,107,560, or $794,560 more than the current appropriation. Among the Territoties, Alaska drew $1,148,188, or $251,985 more than this year, to take care of the Alaska Rail- road’s operating deficit; Hawaii, $21,- 650, or $40,500 less because the Legis- lature would not be in session in 1936, and the Virgin Islands, $316,500, or $18,258 less because of a reduction in the operating deficits of municipali- ties and increased local government reventes, _— Grippe Strikes Hungary. BUDAPEST, February 27 () —An epidemic of grippe temporarily crip- pled many communities throughout Hungary today. At Sopron, near the Austrian frontier, all schools were closed and 80 per cent of the workers in some factories were absent. The Euvening Star Offets Its Readers This Worth-While .BOOK It explains the permanent departments of the Federal Government and the Alphabet Bureaus of the New Deal. Ev read le:, Order tod American should 8y, et e e wm = Ordler Form S Neme ssscoees at_ The Evening Star Business Office, or by mail, pestpaid 1 City, —A. P. Photos. D.C. INSTITUTIONS FUNDS REPORTED Appropriations for Four Are Carried in Interior De4 partment Bill. Four institutions in the District are appropriated for in the Interfor De- partment bill, reported to the House today by the Appropriations Com- mittee. For St. Eliztbeth’s Hospital, the bill carries a total appropriation of | $1.185.840 for the support, clothing | and care of patients. Chairman Tay- lor of the subcommittee which han- | dled this bill explained that this sum, which was proposed by the budget, will provide for 1,800 patients on the | basis of $1.80 per day. For the fiscal | year 1934 the cost per patient per day was $1.70, and during the current year the rate is $1.63 per day. $200,000 Estimated Disapproved. - The committee disapproved the”es- timate of $200.000 for construction of a continuous-treatment building at the hospital. No item for new con- struction, other than road building, is carried in the bill. Taylor said the committee is of the opinion this con- struction project should be placed on the same besis as other construction items, and if the demand is sufficiently urgent funds should be provided from | emergency appropriations. | The Pederal contribution to the maintenance of the Columbia Insti- {tute for the Deaf is recommended in the sum of $135.850, which is the budget estimate and $16.250 more than the current appropriation. $655,000 for Howard U. For Howard University there is recommended an appropriation of $665.000. which is the budget estimate and $60.000 more than the 1935 ap- propriation. No increase other than for the restoration of salaries to a 100 per cent basis is recommended. An increase of $15.000 over the 1935 ap- propriation of $200,000 for general ex- | penses is accounted for by the occupa- |tion of two new bulidings and addi- | tional expenditures for repairs and alterations amounting to $5400. For Freedmen's Hospital the bill provided $304,400 for salaries and sub- sistence and miscellaneous expenses. ! This is the budget estimate and is $46,250 more than the current appro- ! priation. This increase is due to the | restoration of salaries to a 100 per cent | basis and to the increased cost of supplies and materials necessary for operation of the hospital. 'sTU DENTS JOINING LIBERTY LEAGUE College Division Organized and Plans Made to Extend Membership. { By the Associated Press. | 'The American Liberty League last night announced extension of its activities to include undergraduates lof the Nation's colleges. A college division has been estab- | lished at its headquarters, it said, and “formal recognition” has been granted to “affiliated undergraduate groups” 4t Northwestern University, Nebraska University, Wisconsin and Princeton. Requests for such recognition have been received, as well, it said, from the ‘Universities of Maryland, Dela- ware, Chicago, Virginia and Penn- sylvania and from Western Reserve, CROP RESTRICTION REAGTIONS DIFFER Farmers Are Content With Profit, but Dislike In- terference. This is the third of a series of flve articles contrasting condition in the Midwest as Mr. Roosevelt, a member of the editorial staff of the New York Herald Tribune, found them on a recent tour and in the Auntumn of 1933. BY NICHOLAS ROOSEVELT. “Are the farmers content with the A. A. A policies of crop control?” ‘This question I put to many per- sons in the Middle West. The com- posite answer is “They are content to profit from the payments which the Government is making to them and 4re grateful for higher prices for their products. But they dislike the inter- ference; they resent not being able to sell more at higher prices, and they are indignant at the large number of chiselers who are not playing the game” As the head of one of the farm co-operatives put it to me: “The biggest lar gets the most help from the Government.” Corn Growers Happy. ‘The region which 1 visited is de- voted primarily to raising wheat, corn and hogs, dairy products and the les- ser grains. crops were not destroyed by drought profited materially from the effects of the drought in reducin crop yvields. Some of the dairymen suffered through shortage of feed and through having to pay high prices for the hay which they had to buy. Most of the corn and hog growers are happy because of the three-fold increase in the price of corn and the 70 per cent increzse in the price of hogs. In so far as it is possible to esti- mate popular opinion as to the rela- tive benefits and disadvantages of crop-control schemes, it may be said that as benefits are listed the higher prices for farm products and the checks for non-production given out by the Government; whereas, as dis- advantages are noted the failure of so many farmers to play the game squarely and the inability of those who subjected themselves to the con- they think they would have made had they not contracted to reduce their output. Theughtful Few See Secialist Trend. The thoughtful few, however, view the entire problem differently. They see that the policy of crop restriction under Federal direction leads toward a form of state socialism involving drastic changes in our whole political philosophy. At the same time they see that restriction must, in the long run, result in a general lowering of { income and must increase the tend- ency toward economic nationalism in the United States. They eontend thac it is to no mere economic quibble to assért that we are suffering from underconsumption rather than from overproduction. They point out that in many types of farming—notab!y the dairy industry—production has not kept up to normal domestic consump- tion. Other crops such as wheat, cot- ton and tobacco, lard and pork, which we have always exported, are selling at low prices not because we are growing more and more, but becausc we are selling less and less abroad. In other words, the drop in farm prices during the depression is the result of the sharp decline in the consumption capacity of the urban and industrial workers in the United States and in the unwillingness of the rest of the world to buy our surpluses. Solution in Foreign Market. problem, made two weeks ago by Dean Christensen of the College of Agriculture at the University of Wis- consin. it was pointed out that the real cure for the troubles of those farmers producing exportable crops is to be found in enlarging our foreign market outlets for these crops. and that to do so necessitates a willing- ness on our part to increase our im- ports. Failure to do this implies in- evitably a drastic reduction in the production of agricultural exports and at the same time a readjustment of the farm economy of these producers so as to make up. for the permanent losses of their foreign markets. This, in turn, involves readjustments by other farmers with an attendant lessening of farm income and of the rural markets for manufactured goods. Danger of Isolation Pointed Out. Dean Christensen at the same time points out that the effort of the A. A. A. to raise prices through the creation of scarcity is likely to end up by making prices higher than world Sioux Falls College, Occidental, Beth- any, Union, Bowdoin, Westminster, Springfield and the College of the Ozarks. “The league is gratified at the re- ception accorded it by undergraduates of the Nation's colleges and universi- tles and recognizes the desirability of fostering an intelligent and in- formed public opinion among younger American citizens,” the announce- ment said. Deduction for Tax on Motor Gas. If an automobile is used for both businese and pleasure, all of the main- tenatice and operating the time that it is used for each. For example, if the total expense of operation and maintenance, plus de- preciation, for the taxable yeAr amounted to $800, and the car was used three-fourths of the time for business and the balance of the time for pleasure, the allowable deduction for ~Federal income-tax purposes would be $600. - If & law which imposes a tax on gasoline shows that the tax is im- posed on the consumer and not on the dealer, the consumer may deduct as & Federal income-tax ) t of the gasoline tax paid him, but the taxpayer must have levels. Such prices could only be maintained thrcugh artificial isola- tion from world commerce, for the simple reason that foreign goods would tend to flood our markets in order to benefit by the differential. ‘This, in turn, would nullify efforts to create higher prices. If, in order to check this, we increased the tariffs on agricultural goods, we would still further reduce the volume of imports from abroad and thus make it still more difficult for foreign nations to pay for our wheat, cotton and other goods which we seek to sell abroad. The tendency of the A. A. A. pro- gram in the direction of regimenta- tion or a form of state socialism is not yet fully understood. “Let the QGovernment do it” is 8;11{' the rcom- mon proposal for the solution of ap- parently insoluble questions. While many persons believe that some sort of planning is advisable, they ques- tion the necessity of placing so much power in the hands of the Federal Government. Furthermore, they are not satisfied that the basic principles underlying the A. A. A. are sound. Even granting the advisability of crop reduction, many of them insist that, instead of individual contracts being made for individual crops between the Government and the farmers, involv- ing close supervision and control, the whole system should be placed on a simpler basis. Interested in Marginal Lands. If, as Secretary Wallace contends, it is hecessary to take 50,000,000 acres out of production, they would like to see this done in the first place by g up the policy of acquiring marginal lands and, in so far as each individual farmer is expected to take part in a reduction program, by re- him to withdraw permanently cultivation a fixed percentage of his farm lands. On the balance he he wants. One of should be put nt6 wood lots. All those interested in dairying are to pernnmuwc.: gen: 3 around with as little detatled interference as possible in the carrying rxtnlthumtflee.mmdmt The grain growers whose | g trol to make as much more money as ! In an admirable analysis of this TWOTESTS URGED FOR D C. CHARITIES Board of Trade Group Seeks Indorsement and Licensing. Charitable organizations, both loeal and national, seeking funds in Wash- ington will hereafter be compelled to pass two tests if the recommendations of the Charities and Corrections Come mittee of the Board of Trade are ap- proved and the necessary legislation can be maneuvered through Congress, Meeting at the Harrington Hotel yesterday, the committee voted to set up an “indorsement committee” to scrutinize all organizations seeking funds and to require certain types of charitable or benevolent organizations to be licensed by the District Com- missioners. Kaufman Submits Plan, Joseph D. Kaufman, chairman of the Community Chest Subcommittee, submitted the recommendation. His suggestion was to have the licenses issued by the Commissioners and have the indorsing agency under the Board of Public Welfare. At the suggestion of John Ihlder, a | committee member, a separation of authority was approved so the licensing would become & Govern- ment function and the indorsing function merely advisory for prospece tive contributors. ‘The plan once before was tried here jand failed, it was asserted, because ! disinterested members were not obe | tained to investigate and either ap- iprove or disapprove campaigns for | funds. ! ‘Three other recommendations cone | cerning the Community Chest were |approved: A plan to have year-round { publicity through the newspapers and | radio rather than merely a propa- ganda campaign before the annual Chest drive; to have addresses before the Spring and Fall meetings of the membership of the Board of Trade, explaining the functions of the Com- munity Chest. and the organization during the annual Chest drive of a Board of Trade campaign unit to as- gist in the business areas of the city. Clinic Plan Approved. Upon recommendation of Vincent | Saccardi, chairman of a Subcommittee on Legislation, the committee ap- proved a proposal to establish a “clinic” as an adjunct of the District Supreme and Police Courts, composed of a competent welfare director, a physician or staff of physicians, and a staff of case workers to act in an advisory capacity to the courts trying criminal cases. It is believed that the establishment of such a clinic will reduce the necessity for future paroles and in many cases can enable pro- bationary sentences to be carried out rather than send accused persons to prison It was pointed out that the estab- lishment of such a clinic complies with standards set up by the National Probation Association. The committee also approved the Ellenbogan bill passed by the House this week providing $30 monthly pen= sions for the District’s indigent blind. George M. Whitewell, chairman of the General Committee, presided. 'AIRPLANE ON FARM T0 BE FLOWN BACK Men Sent to Orange, Va. for Washington-Pittsburgh Craft Forced Down. Mechanics and a pilot were on the , way to Orange, Va.. today to repair jand fiy back the twin-engined Wash- ington-to-Pittsburgh airplane forced down last night by ice formation on its wings. The plane was landed skillfully in a small wheat field 2 miles south of Orange and would have been un- damaged but for a small drainage ditch, which smashed one wheel of the landing gear. None of the seven occupants was injured. R. I. “Bud” Baker, chief pilot of the airline, who was at the controls of the plane, reported the field in | which the crippled plane now rests is too small for a take-off. After re- pairs to the landing gear are made the ship will be towed to a larger field in the vicinity. Flown by Baker, with J. E. Tilton as copilot, the plane took off from ‘Washington Airport for Pittsburgh at 6:08 pm. The five passengers were Sam S. Adams and J. Howard Mar- shall of Washington, O. W. Cariton, Salt Lake City; Paul L. Feifs, Cleve- land, and H. L. Elsner, Detroit. Heavy snow was encountered before the ship reached the mountains and soon afterward ice began forming on | the wings. Unable to get above the | ice-forming area, Baker had no al- ternative but to turn back. Finding [ the ice-formation area continued to- ward Washington, he headed south in an effort to find warmer air. Sighting the lights of Orange, he circled the town three times and the | Orange Volunteer Fire Department sent out a truck and searchlight to aid him in landing. The passengers were taken to a hotel in Orange and sent back to Washington by train last night. FILM DIRECTOR WEDS W. 8. Van Dyke Marries Ruth : Mannix, Actress, in New Orleans. HOLLYWOOD, Calif., February 27 (#)—W. 8. Van Dyke, film director, telephoned his studio last night from New Orleans that he was married there today to Miss Ruth Mannix, film actress. Van Dyke had gone there on & va- cation. Miss Mannix, daughter of E. J. Mannix, Metro-Goldyn-Mayer stu- dio executive, had been visiting in New York and met him in New Or- leans. IONOSPHERE TALKS Philosophical Society to Hear Three Lectures. ‘Three scientific lectures will feature the meeting of the Philosophical So- clety of Washington at the Cosmos Club Saturday at 8:15 p.m. E. B. Judson will discuss “Iono- sphere Observation of the National Bureau of Standards”; L. V. Berkner, “Ionosphere Observations of the De- partment of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution,” and E. O. Hulbert, “The Theory of the Iono- sphere. present system, under which a few bureaucrats in Washington try to tell each farmer what and how much he shall not grow. In the next article, tomorrow, Mr. FRoosévelt tells he in the Middle Welt thows many signe ef improvement. N