Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1935, Page 8

A-8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.....February 4, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor _— The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11th St. .u‘;nle"z.nn rlcveini- Ave. . &N 3 3 New York Office: 110 East 42nd St hicazo Office: Lake Michisan Bullding. an Ofice: 14 Regent St.. London. England. Rate by Carrier W{L}l’n the City. The Eventvg Biator . 45¢ per month i ay Bta o s . 60¢ per month tar . .65¢ per month ... .bc per copy when ndlsn The Evening and Sun (when 5 Sundays) e Sunday Star. 5 Night Final Edition. Night Pinal and Sunday Star.70c per month Nisht TBhmBlagundey 85¢ ber month Collection At ihe end of eac month. rs may be sent by mail or Orde; telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .. $10.00; 1 mo.. e, 43z o100k o ndsy only .. $4.00: 1 mo. All Other States and Canada. ly and Sunday.1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 ) 1yr. $8.00:1 ily only.. mo.. 75¢ Sunday” only ST 0: 1 mo.. 50 Member of the Associated Press. ;he Associated Press is exclusively en | all | titled to the use wise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein sre also rererved. for republication of Another Peace Pact. Provided Germany falls in with them, the arrangements just con- cluded between Great Britain and France for strengthening the founda- tions of peace in Europe should have useful and far-reaching results. Out- standing in the agreement reached by French Premier Flandin and Foreign “Minister Laval with Prime Minister MacDonald and other British cabinet officials is an offer to Germany to an- o nul part five of the Versailles treaty, which denied arms equality to the Reich, conditional upon its readiness to rejoin the League of Nations and participate in general efforts to re- duce armaments. Thus is gratified in broad effect the desire of the Germans, so vehemently voiced during the Hitler regime, to be relieved of the ignominious status of military inferiority and to resume the level of a first-class European power. To that extent the Anglo- French agreement on its face is a German diplomatic victory of the first magnitude. The British and the ‘French, in a spirit of realism, merely place the seal of approval upon what the whole world knows to be an ac- complished fact—that Germany has rearmed, despite the prohibitive clauses of the Versailles treaty—and are proceeding to make the best of an irrevocable situation. Of ng’less significance is a pro- posed five-power agreement to be signed by Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Belgium, whereby in the event of aggression by air against any one of those powers the others pledge themselves literally to fly to her assistance. As yet another guarantee of peace, Britain proclaims her readi- ness to join the Franco-Italian agree- ment of January 7, providing for the independence and territorial integrity of Austria. The British also are pre- pared to support French efforts for an “Bastern Locarno” treaty, designed to insure in Northeastern and South- eastern Europe that same mutual assistance among nations threatened by war as is provided for in Western Europe by the original Locarno pact. Finally Britain identifies herself with the principle laid down in the Franco- Italian agreement that there can be no unilateral modification of the peace treaty provisions respecting armaments, by either Germany or any of the other World War losers. It remains to be seen how public opinion in Great Britain and France will react to the new agreement. The French are likely to feel that the air pact represents an additional British commitment to bulwark French secu- rity, which Paris has long demanded in return for recognition of German rearmament. The British, on their part, assure themselves for the first time of continental aerial assistance in case of air aggression against John Bull's islands. The possible beneficial effects of the Anglo-French agreement are im- measurable. If its provisions are ‘whole-heartedly accepted by all the nations within its scope, the fragile peace structure in Europe will be fortified to a point at which only the most wanton aggression could under- mine it. There is no longer any reason to doubt that Old World states- manship is making an earnest, prac- tical and comprehensive effort to come to grips with existing conditions and divest them of the dangers of war inherent in them. America views the . attempt with detached but sympathetic interest and wishes for it complete and enduring success. —aee “Hot oil” is a by-product that has “ not satisfactorily mixed with hot water in the stock market. Irrésponsible Criticism. ‘The Scriptures are sufficiently definite in condemnation of the “mischief of tongues,” but the authors of those sacred books lived much too early to be familiar with the modern development of irresponsible criti- cism. Gossip, libel and slander may have been wicked forces in the ancient world—historians are pretty gener- ally sgreed about that. For a more complete manifestation of their evil power, however, the present age is conspicuous. Last evening, for example, the legitimate news-disseminating facili- ties of the radio were grossly abused by & commentator who presumed to inform the world that a member of President Roosevelt’s cabinet was about to resign. The name was speo- ifled and the statement was broad- east with a bumptious assurance which was measurably convincing. Yet it happened that the rumor was wholly false, entirely untrue. At best 1t represented only the wish of certain shady political elements which would 'be immensely gratified if the report were correct. But e larger issue than the fate of any individual is involved in the recent strategy of opposition. The World War brought into existence i an art or science of propaganda which may be devoted on occasion to worthy ends, but which, likewise, may be em- ployed for selfish anti-social pur- poses. And one of the aspects of this new method of molding opinion is that of sly and cunning vilification and falsification. The sponsors of such attacks, of course, are protected by the guarantees provided in the Constitution for the freedom of speech and of the press, and there- fore ordinarily are beyond the reach of punitive correction. ‘The public, then, it seems, must either be content to tolerate the nui- sance or must cultivate an effective resistance to it. Some individuals, certainly, are so negetive of mind as to be willing to believe the worst they hear. The majority, it may be hoped, are less gullible. Many of the most flagrant offenders against popu- lar intelligence sooner or later are bound to discredit themselves by !thelr extravagance and egotism; others gradually may learn by ex- | perience the wisdom of reform. Mean- while, the best insurance ugllmt‘ mischief-makers of both types is an informed public opinion and rational faculties of discrimination. — ey Richberg and Labor. The attack made upon Donald R. Richberg, executive director of the National Emergency Council, by John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine ‘Workers of America, is the more bitter because Mr. Lewis looks upon Mr. Richberg as a “traitor to organized labor.” Pertinently, Mr. Richberg has replied that this charge implies a de- mand that, as a public servant, he should put subservience to the policies jof a particular labor organization “above loyalty to the Government and J‘m my conception of the public inter- | est.” William Green, president of the | | American Federation of Labor, has| | joined the onslaught on Mr. Richberg, declaring that he “can no longer parade as a sympathetic friend of labor,” and that he has betrayed labor !in a crucial hour, when he permitted the approval of the automobile code. ‘These criticisms of Mr. Richberg by representatives of the American Fed- eration of Labor, as he says, seem to be based largely on the ground that Richberg has not been guided entirely by the demands of the A. P. of L. If Mr. Richberg happened to be Presi- | dent of the United States, who is also | & public servant, the same attack by organized labor doubtless would have been made upon him. When the day comes that the Chief Executive of the Nation must be subservient to any particular group, whether it be or- ganized labor or any other, the free- dom of which the American people boast will surely have departed. Or- ganized labor has done much to ad- vance the cause of labor in this coun- try. It has done much in the past to keep things on an even keel. It would be a great mistake and unfortunate if at this time it should so range itself in opposition to the Govern- ment as to create wide dissensions. The automobile code may not be perfect. Probably none of the codes of fair competition is perfect. But it represents the best judgment ob- tainable after careful consideration of all the elements and facts involved. ! Labor, as well as the manufacturers, was given opportunty to be heard. Mr. Richberg claims that labor had the bulk of the time. In extending the code, a provision for time and a half for overtime work was included. The American Federation of Labor is backing a proposal to make the work week for labor thirty hours, It is relying upon its strength to bring Congress to the enactment of such & law, although there is wide diver- gence of opinion as to the prac- ticability and the advisability of such a step. To tell American workers that they must not labor for more than thirty hours a week, that they must be satisfied with what they can earn in such a work week, is a drastic pro- posal. The automobile code now re- tains the forty-hour work week, with a maximum of forty-eight hours for the great bulk the of employes. The Auto- mobile Labor Board is continued. And, as Mr. Richberg points out, it would be a denial to the automobile workers of an opportunity to designate freely their representatives in collective bargaining to abandon the board at this time. Elections are now in progress wherein substantially all the workers in the industry are voting for representatives. Mr. Richberg points out that of a total of 46,211 already polled, 39,172 have named representa- tives without affiliation, 2,253 have designated the American Federation of Labor and 2,708 have picked cer- tain “company unions.” ———————— It is intimated that the old Repub- lican elephant has been so well trained that it knows its cue to He down and play dead. An Ancient Sport. Eight Washington boys, under the leadership of Gates Slattery, have undertaken a revival of the ancient sport of falconry. The effort is in- teresting from several points of view, but particularly because it will in- volve a degree of patience commonly denied to modern youth. Training ® hawk for use in the chdse is a tediously difficult business, and if the lads succeed in their self-appointed task they will be deserving of a good deal of credit. No one can say with assurance when men-first began to practice the art and the science of hawking. His- torians suppose that the date was at least four thousand years ago and the place probably China, but all authorities confess that they are only guessing. Manuscript evidence exists indicating the inventor to have been a pre-historic Persian king, and a bas-relief found in the ruins of Khorsabad 15 alleged to show s EN THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1935. falconer with a bird on his wrist. Hawks as aids to human hunters, it is reported, are represented in|- designs executed in Japan, India, Arabla, Persia and Syria about six centuries before the beginning of the Christian era, and it is uncontroverted that falconry is mentioned in the writings of Pliny, Aristotle and Martial. In Western Europe the sport ap- peared about 860 A. D., and in England it reached the apex of its development in the period between 1200 and 1700— its popularity among the people of Great Britain for a while exceeded that evinced for any other outdoor pastime. Perhaps the gradual disap- pearance of small game .was respon- sible for the decline which it experi- enced about 1750, but some writers attribute its passing from fashion to the introduction of firearms in the sport fleld and to the general in- closure of public lands and forests. Hawks, however, still are trained in practically all parts of Europe and the East, and the Washington boys, there- fore, will have the advantage of corre- spondence with foreign falconers, if they desire it. ————— As George Washington's birthday anniversary approaches it will bring to attention the usual reminders of the injustice of taxation without rep- resentation. Washington remains by inference one of the most able advo- cates of votes for the District of Columbia. ——————— A plan by Col. Vidal to put an air- plane in every home may result not only in making earthlings air-minded, but in making airmen more consid- erate of the teeming populace below. His plans when worked out should in- clude an ironclad restriction as to the right of a fiyer to chew tobacco. —————————— Feminine influence is now so power- ful in public affairs that what was once regarded as soclety chat is studied closely for evidences of political friendships. The Department of Agri- culture is not the only branch of the Government concerned with the science of husbandry. The “drama” mentioned frequently at Flemington has produced much analytical comment. There will be furthr~ erudition if the melodious meetings referred to bring the music critics into action. ———————— Fears that the Japanese may one day strike at Alaska may call for some | research in the State Department archives to show how far Russia as the vendor may be expected to defend | Uncle Sam'’s title. Trotsky remains a melancholy ex- ample of what may happen to a columnist who gets too far out of touch with the political situation. SHOOTING STARS. Unprinted Pages. ‘When you tire of the town where in- iquities frown And the lights glow in dizzy de- rision, You glance at the road which of yore has bestowed New hope on our youth’s indecision. | When the mighty expanse gives a zest to each glance At the many magnificent graces, With a contrast complete with the sad, sordid street— And we long for the wide-open spaces. But we patiently look at the beauti- ful book Which waits in a sheltered in- closure; ‘The pages first seen, have a manner serene, Which favors a sense of com- posure. A fourish or two on white paper we view, Ere it babbles of names, dates or places, We faithfully plod, though at times we may nod, As we yearn for those wide-open spaces, Pigs and Patronage. “How do you stand on the hog- slaughtering program?” “It has been of no use to me,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “I haven't sufficient sophistry at command to make it look to my constituents like an excuse for not bringing home the bacon.” Jud Tunkins says lawyers would be more generally respected for learning if they didn't get together so often and try to make one another look nonsensible. Sense of Humor. “I have no sense of humorl” Said Hezekiah Bings, “I hear so oft some rumor Of most unusual things, That strangely seem to be admired As humor gently jogs. I don’t like cats that have expired Nor vivisected dogs. No sense of humor do I know When life such fancies brings And maybe it is better so”— Said Hezekiah Bings. Societology. “Are you fond of society?” “Yes,” answered Mr. Meekton. “I'm honestly happier when Henrietta is giving social parties than when she is getting agitated about political par- ties.” A Great Help. My radio! My radio! You earn a laurel wreath, As faithfully you let me know How I shall brush my teeth. My radio! My radio! ‘With kindness you behave; "Mongst other things you always show ‘When it is time to shave. “Some men is so hard to reform,” mmhm“mwmw. actin’ like dey’s jes' maturally home- sick foh jail.” 4 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, When one takes his eye from the particular, he is losing his interest, although he may not realize it. This is true in hobbies of all kinds, and it may be true in larger affairs. Consider the collection of small tropical fishes. The fancier at first sees each fish in his collection every time he looks at_his tanks. ‘The particular fish is paramount. ‘When guests arrive, especially those who know nothing about the pleas- ures and hardships of the hobby, he wonders why they do not enthuse. In time he comes to see that this is because they do not see the in- dividual animals in the tanks, but simply the collections as & whole. * * x X When the individual fancier, in the course of time, realizes that he, him- self, is not paying the attention to each fish that he formerly did, but has insensibly come to look at the tanks, as the particular, not each fish, as the particular, he should know that the happiest enthusiasm of the hobby is over for him. This is a sad realization, and not every one in this, or any other hobby, will be honest enough with himself to admit it. No doubt it is the same with the stamp collector. As long as he looks intently at each new stamp he receives, and then, as he goes through his albums, still sees each stamp as distinguished from others, he may know that his pristine enthusiasm is alive. When the sad time comes—of course, & philatelist would say it never does—when the individual stamp is forgotten, and the en- thusiast regards only his albums, he may feel sure that he had better go on to some other hobby. * koK ¥ Being engrossed with the particular gives a human much more satisfaction, some will believe. It will be questioned by some whether the abstract worker, whether his endeavor be government, or reform, or what not, ever gets the real pleasure out of life of the worker with the in- dividual, the particular. It may be that a strange interest in the many, instead of in the particu- lar human, is a confession that life has soured in the individual soul. It may be—but what's the use? The particular is at its best with the par- ticular person who understands its best usage. To him the individual thing must ever transcend the mass. That is why he is able to come in time to the complete realization of the sufficiency of little. That is why he admires one rose as much as a mass of roses, why he finds one morning-glory blossom as lovely as a fence of them. B It is very easy, in overlooking the particular, to fail to see the wrongs that may assail it. This is very easily seen in the small world of the fish tank. Let us look there—if any one cares to make further application of what we find, that is his right. Here is a tankful of fishes—not ex- ‘The aquarium is fuller, or more full, than if it held 20 smaller creatures. It may not look so, however, to the uninitiated. If the collector is in the first burst of his enthusiasm, he will look at each fish individually when he comes up to the tank. He will not only intently regard each fish, one after the other, without once being conscious of the action, but he will carry his particularity farther— he will look at each one of each fish's several fins, He will do this instinctively, be- cause he is interested to that extent. That is the secret of the power of the particular. * k% % Still sticking to our aquarium— If the enthusiast looks at each fish, if the tank means, first of all, the individual creature, rather than a crowd of animals— Then the watcher is able to see whether health or the iliness is theirs. It is this beginning that is the important thing. If the observer notices each fish by itself, and takes a good look at each fin, including the caudal, or tail, he will see right away the small white spot which a less individualistic ob- had multiplied to many When many spots had appeared, it might be too late to help the fish, but when the first spot of all is caught, there is still every chance in the world of curing it of the parasite which has afflicted it. * ok k% It is this partcular interest, all- embracing, which makes for the bet- ter health and happiness of the small world called the home aquarium. Also it makes for the complete in- terest of the collector. Once he begins to overlook the pare ticular, no matter what his preten- tions to himself that he is more inter- ested in the universal, he is in high danger of wearing out his enthusiasm. Perhaps the fact that he begins to flirt with the universal should warn him that the honeymoon is over. * ok Kk X ‘The implications we leave to read- ers. What interests us about all this is that it may be sc easily applied by the individual. Instead of permitting himself to be made ashamed of the particular, he well may be heartened in the task of sticking to himself, of being true to himself, of not being ashamed of himself. He may take heart from the tales of ploneers, of days when the individual was “on his own,” of times in tune with the ego of man. He may rest assured that the partic: ular is his care, if he will be true enough to himself to make it so. He must be interested in one, as dis- tinguished from others, no matter ‘what he looks at; he must think of one, considered apart from others. He must be a devotee of the special. If this makes him fastidious—the particular calls for this, too—he may feel certain that he is getting some- where in his self-education. actly full, in one sense, but merely containing half a dozen specimens. Look to the parficular. That way interest, sanity and health lie. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Break-down of trade and debt nego- tiations with the Soviet, despite the fanfare which aocompanied recogni- tion in November, 1933, is the latest in a series of ill-starred international ventures which have dogged the foot- steps of the New Deal. They began with the futile London Economic Con- ference. The Senate rejected the St. Lawrence Waterway treaty. Then came the failure of war-debt negotia- tions. This was followed by the abor- tive Anglo-American-Japanese naval conversations. Last week saw the collapse of the World Court proposal. The reciprocal tariff treaty program to date has produced only the pacts with Cuba and Brazil. Evaporation of the Cuban revolutionary crisis with- out American intervention, with even- tual abrogation of the Platt amend- ment, can properly be put down as an American diplomatic success. So can Secretary Hull's conciliatory in- fluence in the Pan-American Confer- ence at Montevideo. In other direc- tions fortune has not smiled generously upon Roosevelt foreign policy. * ok X % There is some talk in Congress about revocation of Soviet recogni- tion in consequence of the fiasco over debts and trede, but nothing is likely to come of it. House and Senate might “resolute” on the subject, but it's a matter exclusively within executive jurisdiction, and neither the White House nor the State Depart- ment indicates that any such step is in contemplation. Although the peo- ple of this country understood that Mr. Litvinoff definitely pledged the Soviet to adjust American debts and claims as the price of ,recognition, nothing but en agreement to discuss those questions was actually nomi- nated in the bond. Discussions ensued, got nowhere, and there matters ap- parently rest. They seem simply to range the Soviet Union alongside our other European debtors who rank as defaulters on the Treasury books. Private trade between our exporters and the Soviet will continue just es it did before recognition, but Gov- ernment credits and loans to Moscow are on the prohibited list until Stalin & Co. come to terms with Wash- ington. = * ¥ ¥ ¥ There's a diverting tale kicking around Capitol Hill about a certain eminent New Dealer who sought to propagandize Speaker Byrns on one of the important administration projects the reference of the proposition to a special committee. Urgings to that end even went the length of sugges- tions who would be the right kind to love Ickes the more for some of the enemies he has made. * * x * Just about the time Senator Borah the other day was proposing a Senate inquiry into religious strife in Mexico, the former president of that country, Senor Abelardo Rodriguez, returning from a sojourn in the United States, indicated that President Roosevelt might visit Mexico late this Summer. Gen. Rodriguez was a White House luncheon guest while in Washington. ‘The Chief Executive is being asked nowadays about his 1935 Summer va- | cation plans, particularly whether an- | other naval cruise to the Pacific Coast is in prospect, but turns inquiries away smilingly, with the observation that he's just “hoping” to be able to do something of that sort. ® ko Guessing about the Supreme Court’s gold decision rages up to the last minute. Among various recourses bruited as possibilities in case of a ruling adverse to the Government, the one considered least likely, though persistently suggested, is that the ad- ministration would seek to increase the size of the Supreme Court bench. Article III simply says that “the judicial power of the United ,States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as th Congress may from time to time or- dain and establish.” * * * X Republican National Chairman Henry P. Fletcher, in his New York speech last week on G. O. P. tribula- tions and prospects, thrust at “some members and part-time members of ofir party and some prospective can- didates for the presidency.” Wash- ington politicians strongly suspect that the G. O. P. leader was taking a dirty crack, among others, at Sena- tor Borah and fellow progressives and at Senator Vandenberg of Michigan. Fletcher referred resentfully and anon- ymously to persons who “seem fear- ful lest the-national committee may seek to dominate the next conven- tion in the interest of reaction or of & particular group or candidate.” * kX Secretary of Labor Perkins is ex- pected to amplify and elucidate the Roosevelt unemployment insurance and old-age pension program in New York on the evening of February 7, when she will be the principal speaker at the dinner of the National Elec- trical Manufacturers’ tion. of people to put on the committee. e The beetle-browed Tennessean is said to have hit the celling of the Speaker’s office when the WS submitted to him, and, after recover- ing consciousness, he ed to announce in homespun terms that the measure in question would blank well go to the standing committee where it belonged and where it is now un- dergoing rigid scrutiny. PR body hereabouts who cares to bet hhAnn’hlrt on a fairly sure thing is advised to place it on a proposition that is about as lead-pipe a cinch as anything in politics can be—namely, that President Roosevelt does not dream of sacrificing either Secretary Ickes or Postmaster General Farley to the variegated wolves now growling at their respective heels and howling now awaiting legislative action. The N. D.’s particular object was to secure for their banishment. The sense of | quirement? (Copyright, 1935.) Wholesale. Prom the Kansas City Times. Russia has resorted to the plan of shooting its reckless drivers. That's all right, if Russia wants to do it that way. But it would never work out over here, for the simple reason that there are too many such drivers, and shooting them would only mean bigger munitions profits, At Harvard. From the Boston Transeript. will it be before the Harvard accent will be dropped as a gradustion re- ~ People on that “social 2 doesn't undertake to assure a per- manent place in the Blue Book for anybody. A month. The administration has mululy question of fact by writing The | of through the House its work relief bill. It has caused to be introduced in both houses its economic security bill, and hearings on that measure are proceed- ing before the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee. Several of the annual ap- propriation bills have been tonsidered. The Senate has disposed of the pro- posal to adhere to the World Court ad- versely to the desires of the President— and to those of a great many others. ‘The record of accomplishment, so far as speed is concerned, 1s not impressive. However, speed is not everything, par- ticularly in the light of the vast im- portance of the measures coming be- propriations Committee over the $4,- 880,000,000 work relief bill are caus- ing concern in administration circles. Democratic members of the commit- tee have been making cause with Re- publicans in opposition to the wide server would not see until that spot | 8rant of powers contained in the bill to the President. How far this ve- volt against the administration has spread among the general personnel of the Senate is a question. The Re- publicans, with their infinitesimal minority in the Senate, can make no headway in opposition to the admin- istration bill unless they are jolned by a very large slice of the Demo- cratic majority. There may be more noise than real danger to the admin- istration and its work relief bill, * ¥ ¥ % The most important threat to the President’s work relief program seems to come at this point from a demand that an amendment be written into the bill which would call for the pay- ment of the “prevailing wage” in the communities where the public works projects undertaken under this measure are in operation. Organized labor is demanding that something be done. It has been indicated that wages for labor might be restricted, on work relief projects, to $50 a|, month. The claim of the labor repre- sentatives is that this would tend to reduce the wages paid in private in- dustry. On the other hand, it is clear that if the $50 limit is generally lived up to, the number of workers and the length of time they may be employed, with a $4,000,000,000 appro- priation, would be much larger than if the wages prevailing in private in- dustry were paid. Furthermore, the President has made the point that wages should not be paid on these work Telief projects which would have the effect of keeping men and women from taking private employment when it is offered. Distinctly the adminis- tration is anxious and is doing its best to get the workers off public works and back into private em- ployment. * kX ¥ Up to the present time organized labor has been very friendly to the Roosevelt administration and to the New Deal. The attacks now made upon Donald R. Richberg, executive director of the National Emergency Council, by President William Green of the American Federation of Labor and John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America, be- cause of the extension of the auto- mobile code of fair competition in op- position to their self. They are hitting through Rich- berg, instead of President. Whether will be an open atta Roosevelt remains to be seen. ‘The President’s demand that he be allowed to pay wages that are “rea- sonable” and capable of keeping the workers decently instead of paying prevailing wages on work relief proj- ects is another wide divergence with the demands of organized labor. * * x % Fifty years ago Grover Cleveland became President of the United States. He was the first Democratic President following the Civil War. Only two others have served in the White House since Cleveland’s day, the late Wood- row Wilson and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A dinner and ball to commemorate President Cleveland’s first inauguration has been planned under the auspices of the Grover Cleveland Democratic Club in New York. Former Ambassador James W. Gerard is president of the club. On the dinner committee are many lead- The celebration is to take place February 12, which is slightly before the date on which e | Cleveland began his first term. A lot of water has gone over the dam_since Grover Cleveland served as President. Conditions in this country have vastly changed in the last 50 years. No such problems as ace Franklin D. Roosevelt today faced the late President Cleyeland. But the latter had his problems. His fight against corruption and low standards in public service, and against & padded pension roll made him many enemies at the time. * % kX ‘The administration’s work relief bill raising the displeasure not only of some Senators and organized labor, but has also the opposition, in some of its provisions, of the American Liberty League. Jouett Shouse, presi- dent of the league, speaking today at a luncheon under the auspices of the Philadelphia County League of Wom- en Voters, insisted that if enything o) was needed to show the advisability of an organization such as the Liberty League, the work relief bill is the thing. His criticism of the measure, given to the woman voters, was severe enough. He said in part: “That measure, in the form of a Joint resolution, appropriates the sum of $4,880,000,000 to be spent by the nual cost of the year from 1932 to 1931, inclusive. The action taken represents an abdication by the Congress of its responsibilities in a wide fleld of legislation. The policies that are involved would ordin- arily engage the attention of at least s half dozen standing committees in branch of the National Legisla- ture. But no legislative guidance fit; to create a vast new bureaucracy not answerable to the Congress, free from ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Please inclose of the World organized?—L. T. A. It was founded in 1915 and has held sessions in San Francisco, Hono- lulu, Geneva and Mexico City. Any active journalist of good standing is eligible to membership. The next meeting will be held in Melbourne, Australia, probably early in 1936. Q. Did more people attend the Cen- tury of Progress in 1933 or 1934?— G. C. 'A.In 1033, In that year the at- tendance was over 22,000,000, while in 1934 1t was around 16,000,000, Q. How many yachts are owned in the United States?—N. D. A. In 1934 there were 3,776 regis- tered with the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection. Q. How long after Amundsen dis- covered the South Pole did Scott reach 1t>—T. H. A. A month and four days. Amund- sen reached the Pole on December 14, 1911, and Scott on January 18, 1912. Q. How rich was Croesus?—S. E. B. | A. Although the riches of Croesus are proverbial, no exact figures or com- parisons of his wealth with that of present-day wealthy men are availa- ble. His riches were obtained chiefly from mines and the gold dust of the River Pactolus, and were greater than those of any king before him. He car- ried his love of splendor to extrava- gance. — Q. How long has peanut butter been made?—H. E. S. A. It was first made commercially about 1807, but many cooks had pre- pared it at least 10 years earlier. Q. What banks in England are| known as the Big Pive?—W. P. A. The Big Five banks are the Mid- | land, Lloyd’s, Barclay’s, Westminster | and the National Provincial. 1 Q. How many acres are in the bird unlgtulry at Mountain Lake, Fla.?— "A. The tract covers 48 acres on Iron Mountain. Q. Is there a law in the U. S. S. R. | prohibiting workers or citizens from | leaving the country or from spending their vacation or periods of time out- side of Russia?—J. B. P. A. There is no law prohibiting Rus- sian workers from leaving the country for vacations, but permits to leave are necessary. Permits are issued for ::;l;: regarded as necessary or desir- 3 | Q Please describe the stage of a theater in S8hakespeare's time—H. W. A. Halleck’s English Literature | states: “Most students agree that the | ‘typical’ Elizabethan stage consisted | of a platform, uncurtained in front, open as well at the sides, carpeted, | it is generally said, with ruches gnd | surrounded with a railing, a space behind this platform closed by a slid- ing curtain, and a balcony with its own curtains and entrances. There were also a space below the stage reached by trap doors, a dresding room behind the stage, machinery by which characters ascended to and descended from some place above, and in some theaters, at least, a ‘heavens’ or roof over part or all of the stage” Q. Where is the Scripps Institution Oceanography?—H. A. A. 1t is located at La Jolla, Calif. ¥! is h‘ part of the University of Cali- ornia. Q. What is the origin of the mill- tary salute’—S, 8. B. A. It is not definitely known. It ‘was supposed to have been the prac- tice in Rome at the time of Julius Caesar for an inferior to raise the Ppalm of the hand to the front of his cap to show that it contained no dag- ger. This was because assassinations were so common in those days. It has been suggested that time and cus- zmln have modified this to the military salute. Q. What is Anglic?>—C. H. B. A. This is the name of a new inter- national language, proposed im 1930. It is based on an analysis of all Eng- lish words in general use. Q. At what age does a person stop growing?—B. F. A. The Public Health Service says that from birth until the age of 20 or 21 the average person continues to grow, although some persons continue to grow until they are about 23 or 24 years of age. Q. How much money is spent by Negroes in the United States?—S. W. A. The annual purchasing power of Negroes in the United States is esti- mated at $2,000,000,000. Q. Has the Mormon Choir made a trip overseas?—M. 8. A. The Tabernacle Choir has never made a trip overseas, nor have indi- vidual members or groups ever ap- peared overseas officially. Q. Can men or women stand the cold better?—T. D. A. As a generalization, women can stand the cold better because they have a thicker layer of fat under the skin, Q. In the Indianapolis Speedway automobile race is the first lap count= | ed?—S. N. A. The first lap is the pacemaking lap and does not count. The race is on after the cars have followed the pacemaker one lap. Q. Please give Dr. William Lyon Phelps’ list of the world’s finest nov- els—H. W. A. “Robinson Crusoe,” “Gulliver’s Travels,” rissa,” “The History of Tom Jones,” “Eugenie Grandet,” “The Three Musketeers,” “David field,” “The Scarlet Letter,” Esmond,” “Madame Bovary, ' “Les Miserables,” ramazov” and “Huckleberry Fin.” Q. Has any President of the United States gone through his term of office with no changes in his cabinet?—J. 8. J. A. Franklin Pierce is the only one. However, the Vice President, Willlam R. King, died during the term. Q. Which States are the wealthiest according to general property assess- ment?—F. A. A. First is New York, $29,550,336- 000; the second, Ohio, with $13,452« ©47,000; followed by Pennsylvania, $12,762,317,000, and Michigan, $8,262,~ 954,000. Q. Which Sundays are Mother's, Father's and Children’s day?—V. P. P. A. Mother's day is observed on the second Sunday in May. Father's day on the third Sunday in June and Chil- dren’s day on the second Sunday in June. Another Two Years of R. F. C. Given Approval by Press ‘The recommendation of Chairman | Jesse H. Jones that the Reconstruc- tion Finance Corporation be continued for a two-year period has the approval of a large majority of the newspapers | of the country. “It is probable,” says the Buffalo | Evening News, “that little or no oppo- sition will develop in Congress against | Jesse H. Jones’ proposal that the Re- | construction Finance Corporation be | continued in operation for two years | more. Originally organized by Pres- ident Hoover to combat the forces of | depression, it has functioned with sig- nal success. has not been lacking, but the general opinion seems to be that it has well fulfilled its purpose of aiding private industry by means of governmental loans in a period of grave financial emergency. * * * So long as conserva- tive and competent financiers exercise due care in extending needed loans to private industry, the R. F. C. will not find its enemies in House or Sen- ate vocal.” To the Jamestown (N. Y.) Post “it | appears that it fulfills such a useful | purpose that it is imperative to con- | tinue it for a while. While the or- ganization has drawn on the Treas- ury to the extent of more than two billions in arder to carry on its work,” the Post continues, “its oper- ations have been so successful that it is thoroughly equipped to continue its aid without further drafts on the Government coffers. It is expected that it will be able to meet all future demands from funds repaid by bor- rowers. It is thought that even this drain will not consume all that is available.” On the other hand, the Newport News Daily Press asks: “What of private capital? Why not give it an | ty to'go back to work? Why continue the R. F. C. when the vaults of the Nation's banks are being cracked wide open by idle money? The Grand Forks (N. Dak.) Herald | says: “During the early period of the corporation’s activities there was much cynical comment to the effect that the loans which it was making were in effect gratuities from the Government which would never be repaid. This criticlsm has proven baseless. Loans have been repaid, and in large volume.” “Altogether,” the Kansas City Times declares, “the question of extending the R. F. C. is distinct from such a question with reference to most of the New Deal agencies. Any governmental unit that can show a profit ought to have spe- cial consideration.” . “The R. F. C. is Government-in- busines on & grand scale,” according to the Indianapolis Times, “and it serves the needs of the very interests that agitate loudest to take the Gov- ernment out of business. Each con- servative agitator, it seems, has his' own private reservations. He is against Government in business on principle, but favors it in practice— when it is grist for his own mill. Banks, insurance companies, rail- roads, mortgage houses, building and loan associations, home owners, farm i Criticism of its directors | ture which now stands upon a Gov- ernment-made foundation.” The Heicna (Mont.) Independent, quoting the statement of Jesse H. Jones that “every man should have some line of credit, five dollars, five hundred dollars or five million dol- lars,” observes: “The character loan would go far toward giving the banks the business they must have to exist and give them a chance to | earn something on their huge cash reserves, if only small business and professional men, workers and farm- ers had begun to make financial his- tory for themselves a generation ago. Now these people have no records on which a bank can base credit. Such borrowers have always been required | to put up collateral, mortgage their homes, their stocks of merchandise or even personal property to get these ‘accommodations.’ Credit at a bank | is based on ability to pay plus willing- ness to pay, but the former has been overemphasized.” e An Important Project. Prom the Florence (Ala.) Times. The special Federal agricultural census which began throughout the United States Wednesday is of the utmost importance to the people generally and to the success of the President’s recovery program. So much has happened with respect | to persons returning to the farms in the past several years as a result of the depression, and so much has been uprooted by the drought and by the program of the Agricultural Adjust- ment Administration that it is im- portant for us to have the knowledge which will be derived from this cen- sus to bring our national program up to date. 1t is important therefore for every | farmer in the Nation to co-operate | with the census takers in the ut- | most. They should see to it that full |and complete and honest information | is given the census workers. The in- formation our farmers turn over to these workers will be used as a basis for Government legislation later on and will be kept absolutely inviolate. Some individual farmer might have the idea that it is not important whether he imparts the proper in- formation to the workers or not. The fact is, however, that correct returns from every one of the Nation's farms is vitally important if the collective information obtained thereby is to provide the groundwork for the nec- essary legislation and national knowl- edge that will make our recovery pro= gram complete. ——————————— A Forgotten Man. From the Plint (Mich) Journal. A Californian says the Townsend plan will be a major issue in 1936. By the way, what became of that fel- low who started technocracy? Failing Memories, Prom the Watertown (N. Y.) Daily Times, The world court has not been in the picture for such a long time that some of the members of Congress may have forgotten whether they ought to be for it or against it. Chirography. From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. Confidence of some people who think they have devised undeciphera- ble signatures is likely to be shaken by the testimony of those handwriting experts at Flemington. \