Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1935, Page 2

A2 = SHOUSE ASSAILS GRANT OF POWER Democracy Is lIssue, He Says, in Hitting Relief Bill Authority. By the Assoclated Press. PHILADELPHIA, February 4.— Jouett Shouse, president of the Amer- ican Liberty League, assailed the ad- ministration’s $4,880.000,000 work-re- lief bill today as “the most revolu- tionary, unjustified and unwise at-| tempt at absolute delegation of legis- lative authority to the Executive ever witnessed in this country.” If it passes Congress and goes un- | challenged in the courts, he asserted in an address prepared for delivery to! the Philadelphia Country League of Women Voters, “it is a certain indica- | tion of the disintegration of the form | of government under which we have lived and in which we have professed | to believe.” Bureaucracy Held Issue, “The issue,” he added, “is whether democracy shall continue to hold sway | in this Republic or whether bureau- cracy will take its place.” | The measure is now before a Senate | committee after having passed mcg House. | Attacking the provision of the bill | giving the President wide authority to | allot work-relief expenditures as he| saw fit, Shouse charged that it was “railroaded” through the House “with- out adequate hearing by committees, without the opportunity for adequate amendment or revision.” “More and more of recent years the Congress has shown a disposition to | abdicate its functions,” he continued. | “It has passed on to the executive branch of the Government one power after another which belongs to the legislative branch until it is not sur- | prising that the impressiog should have gone abroad that the Congress of late has become little more than a rubber stamp to approve executive , direction.” Doesn't Question Relief. The speaker said he did not ques- tion the need of direct Federal appro- priation relief. “The amount of money contem- plated is greater than the total an- * nual cost of the Government in any year from 1922 to 1931, inclusive, Shouse said. “The authority conferred upon the Executive gives him the opportunity to reorganize the governmental ma- chinery should he see fit; to create a vast new bureaucracy not answer- able to the Congress, free from civil service restrictions and, therefore, open to political spoilsmen, and to make rules and regulations within his own discretion, without restraint, for the violatfon of which fines may be imposed upon any citizen.” THE WEATHER District of Columbia—Fair, colder | tonight, minimum temperature about 20 degrees; tomorrow partly cloudy, &lowly rising temperature; moderate to fresh north and northwest winds | tonight, diminishing tomorrow. Maryland—Fair and colder tonight; tomorrow partly cloudy, not so cold, followed by light rain or snow in the mountains. Virginia—Fair, slightly colder in central and east portions tonight; to- morrow fair, not quite so cold. ‘West Virginia—Fair tonight; tomor- row partly cloudy, slowing rising tem- perature, Report for Last 48 Hours. Temperature. Barometer. Saturday— Degrees, Inches. 4pm...... 29.90 SPM. ..coone 29.84 Midnight .... 29.69 29.54 29.52 29.53 29.54 29.54 29.61 29.63 29.64 8 pm........ 12 midnight. . Today— 4 am. ces 8 am 29.76 Noon 29.85 Record for Last 24 Hours. * (From noon yesterday to noon today.) Highest, 44, 3 p.m. yesterday. Year ago, 43. Lowest, ago, 17. Record Temperatures This Year. Highest, 59, on January 21. Lowest, —2, on January 28. Humidity for Last 24 Hours. (From noon yesterday to noon today.) Highest, 79 per cent, at 5 a.m. today. | Lowest, 58 per cent, at 4 pm. yesterday. 30, noon today. Year Tide Tables. ! (Furnished by United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.) Today. Tomorrow. «. 8:34a.m. 9:14am. . 2:54am. 3:42am. | ... 8:54pm. 9:44p.m. . 3:09pm. 4:01pm. Sun and Moon. Rises, Sun, today. 7:13 Sun, tqmorrow.. 7:12 5:33 Moon, today.... 7:4lam. 7:04p.m. Automobile lights must be turned on one-half hour after sunset. Precipitation. Monthly precipitation in inches in the Capital (current month to date): Month. 1935. Average. Record. January 527 355 7.09 February 3.27 6.84 March . 3.75 8.84 April 327 913 370 10.69 413 1094 471 10.63 401 1441 324 1745 2.84 8.57 November . 237 8.69 December ... 332 156 Weather in Various Cities. Tempera- wm ture. 5 High Low High Low Sets. 5:32 September October . “ur ejul ceren samyuem Stations. 159U H asamoy * 1pmorvg ‘auapu 3§ * " gpInsas Cincinnati, Ol Cleveland, Omg Rain Cloudy Clear Cioudy Cloudy { committee in name only. | That is why he got authority from What’s What Behind News In Capital Relief Bill Changes, If Any, to Have White House O. K. ] tion bill were like many wi nesses in the Hauptmann case. They did not know or could not re- member. The Senate Appropriations Com- mittee started out to break down any reticence. The persistent administra- tion critic, Senator Carter Glass, was in charge. He called Messrs. Hop- kins, Ickes, Bell, Peoples and as many others as he could think of. When he got through, he knew no more than when he started. In fact, he admitted | he could not even find out who wrote the bill. This mystery melodrama is, of course, partially congressional stage play. Congress is trying to pin Mr. Roosevelt down officially. and Mr. Roosevelt will not be pinned down. Unofficially nearly every one knows what is supposed to be in con- templation and who wrote the bill. At least it all has been published. Ordinarily it would be a very serious thing if Glass, the Democratic chair- man of the Senate Appropriations Committee, opposed the big Demo- cratic relief bill, but that has been all fixed. Glass is chairman of the The real New Deal chairman is Senator Jim | Byrnes. He is the White House leg- | islative handy man who can fix any- thing that can be fixed. White House to Fix Changes. This means the mystery bill will {be enacted with only such major | | changes as the White House tells | Byrnes it wants. BY PAUL MALLON. HE New Dealers who testified | about President Roosevelt's $4,800,000,000 relief appropri The administration is craftily play- | ing the bonus fish, and now believes it may land him When the Patman Jonah tried to wallow the Vinson whale, the New { Dealers pulled in a lot of slack line. | If they can just continue to encourage | this contest between bonus propenents, | they will win easily. The American Legion high com- mand recognized the difficulty and re- cently rushed up lobbying reinforce- ments. The bonus situation will change many times before the bonus flgm' is over, but it is evident now that the administration can expect to win in the end, probably by the enactment {of a satisfactory compromise and pos- | sibly by jockeying the whole bonus | business into a legislative stalemate. A group of Mr. Roosevelt’s workers presented him on . Ris birthday with a personal present and g statuette of a forlorn figure inscribed: “Harvard '04.” When the President saw it he remarked: “This is one of the few who has not been to see me about @ job for himself or a friend.” Jesse Jones has a little scheme for unfreezing the mortgage market and rescuing the New Deal’s housing Eliza from the ice. You will hear much about it in speeches he is planning. | Congress in his new biil to buy pre- | ferred stock of mortgage companies. Scheme Holds Promise. His scheme is to reorganize some | existing mortgage companies, setting | up new ones and then advancing Gov- ernment money as working cnpital.‘ He also has an idea of placing a cash | sale or loan value on mortgage cer- tificates. Then he will sell the Gov- ernment’s interest in these certificates to insurance companies and big banks, which are now reluctant to step in. That is a lot of ice for him to thaw. About $21,000,000,000 of home mort- gages are now outstanding and $15,- 000,000,000 of other mortgages. If any one can make a dent in it, Jones can. He has a way of getting around things in one way or another. Representative McDuffie’s appoint- ment to a Federal judgeship gives a revealing insight into Congress now. He was an experienced and efficient legislator with nothing to do. His name was not widely known outside Alabama, but he knew the | business of legislation as only a few House members know it. He spent 17 | years learning it. Yet during the last few years he has been able to do nothing in the way of constructive | legislative work. The important laws are written down town, in the main, by New Deal lawyers. Congress has become necessarily a routine enacting body, to correct errors and appease the Constitu- tion. The opportunity for legisla- tive brilliance no longer erists. One member who retired last ses- sion came back a few days ago to look down at his comrades from the gal- lery. His observation was: “I was only a push button during the last few years and I would not go back.” Hand No Royal Flush. One extraneous reason why Mr. Roosevelt does not want to disclose his | hand is that the relief cards he is| holding are not exactly a royal flush. Grave doubts exist as to whether he can spend $4,800,000,000 in the next 17 months in the general way he has suggested. Certainly he has not been able to put out the amounts promised for the last two years. If he specified his expenditures (the blue print stuff), & weakness in his hand would be ap- parent. Meanwhile the $4,800,000,000 figure sounds big enough to the congressional inflationists. Another thing which Mr. Roose- velt cannot yet disclose, but pro- poses to do on relief, is to appoint regional wage boards to fiz regional Government relief wages. He will do this to meet the labor protest, but he will insist that any wages so fized be less than the private business scale. The anti-Ickes boys were cheering recently about a very special inside rumor that the Interior Secretary had presented his resignation to Mr. Roosevelt to take effect March 1. They hoped it was true, but thought it was not. ‘You would have had your best laugh ! THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. (. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1935. MINE-STEEL UNION (LABOR REGULATION BREACH WIDENEDIBY . §. AT CRISIS Insurgents Plan Own Drive|A. F. of L. Is Described as| - Amid Talk of Potential Strike April 1. By the Assocliated Press. PITTSBURGH, Pa., February 4.— Seeking to Control Em- ployer Relations. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. Far more penetrating than the Insurgent members of mine and steel | “gold clause” issue and far more real- unions started mapping today a labor | istic to the average man are the lines on cleavage just now forming in the | campaign of their own, in opposition dispute as to how far the Federal to union leaders’ policies, amid talk | Government should go in regulating ; employer-employe relations. of a “potential April 1 strike.” ‘The rank and file faction of the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel an% Tin Workers set up a Na- tional Organization Committee last night and called for a “whirlwind, militant” drive to force steel com- The climax is here. The American Federation of Labor, encouraged by ‘the writing into law of the principle of collective bargaining, now has un- | dertaken to say that its definition and no other shall prevail and that all panies to recognize the union as a | Persons who disagree are anti-labor. collective bargaining agency. Some 150 miners in an adjacent hall pledged co-operation with the steel workers and chose a committee of 27 to draw up a joint plan of action. The steel workers drafted a 10-point | Ment- POIN% | indeed, an attack on President Roose- | Amalgamated and the “delay of the | velt: program opposing the policies of the National Labor Board in making cer- tain decisions. At a combined session of the two Such is the charge hurled against Donald Richberg, director of the Na- | tional Emergency Council, and, in a sense, No. 2 man in the handling of the emergency agencies of Govern- The assault on Richberg fs, ‘The particular causes of strife are two—the renewal by the President of the automobile code and the with- groups Joseph Finan, vice president | drawal by the President from the of the Mmfinnwn, Pa, Jnmf United | National Labor Relations Board of Mine Workers of America, said dele- gates to the miners’ meeting repre- sented 50,000 organized workers. “Our physical and moral support will be given to the program you have adopted.” Finan told the steel rank and filers. Clarence Irwin of Youngstown, Ohio, named head of the National Organization Committee, said the 400 delegates represented 78 lodges in Illi- nois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. At both “rump” sessions speakers were outspoken in opposition to the leadership of Michael F. Tighe, vet- eran president of the Amalgamated, and John L. Lewis, head of the U. M. WA 1934 TAX REFUNDS TOTAL 43604202 List of Approximately 100,- 000 Who Paid U. S. Too Much Sent to Congress. By the Assoclated Press. The Treasury delved through its heap of records today and handed | gence it came a like | Congress a list of something 100,000 canceled checks, representing $48.664.202 in refunds last year to the Nation’s taxpayers. Some of the indorsements were penned by National figures; others by treasurers of some of the country’s biggest corporations. But largely they were the names of individuals of whom most people never heard. Into every State went at least some small parts of the money the Gov- ernment handed back after it de- cided it had charged too much for taxes. The tota! represented a drop from $51,484,000 in the 1933 fiscal year. List Fills Hundreds of Pages. On hundreds of neatly typed pages the refunds were listed for Congress under a law requiring a yearly report of every one of $500 or more, Treasury officials who have strug- gled with the figures for weeks could not say exactly how many checks were sent out during the past fiscal year, but they thought the total easily was 100,000. In 1933, there were more than 127,000. Repayments on processing taxes on hogs, wheat, cotton and tchacco ap- peared in the list for the first time. Life insurance companies and rail- roads received some of the largest amounts. The biggest check went to the New York Life Insurance Co. of Louisville, Ky.—$4,227,030.47. Film Stars on List. Film stars appeared on the refund lists alongside the movie companies for which they work. Marlene Die- trich, Frankie Darro, Walter Huston, Greta Garbo, Ronald Colman, Clara Bow, Billie Dove, John Gilbert, Maurice Chevalier and Jackie Coogan productions got back from $526 to $13,292. Big department stores, such as Filene’s Sons Co, in Boston, and Macy & Co, in New York, came in for slices of the refunds, along with ;such representatives of big business as the Republic Steel Corp., General | Foods Corp., Halsey-Stuart & Co., Sinclair Consolidated Oil Co. and automobile, airplane and ship manu- facturers. Prominent in the list of big names were the Astors of New York and the du Ponts of Delaware. Astors Get Refunds. Waldorf Astor put $1,632 back into his purse. The Astor trust for life benefits of Waldorf and John Jacob Astor were returned $57,022.02 each. The Treasury sent Henry B. du Pont of Wilmington $13,412; Eugene | E. of Greenville, Del., $5,683; Pauline Louise of Winton $2,234 and the es- tate of Thomas Coleman du Pont, ‘Wilmington, $755. Mrs. Grace G. Vanderbilt of New York got back $2,074. Jascha Heifetz, the violinist, re- ceived $1,521; Walter P. Chrysler, auto manufacturer, $15,595; W. L. Clayton, Houston, Tex., cotton man, $880; L. H. Wentz, Ponca City, Okla., oil king, $11,946. Congress, as in the past, will do nothing with the lengthy list but turn it over to the Committee on Expendi- tures in executive departments, under the chairmanship of Representative Cochran, Democrat, of Missouri. e T Democratic Women to Meet. CLARENDON, Va. February 4 (Special).—The monthly meefing of the Woman’s Democratic Club of Ar- lington County will be held at 8 o'clock tonight in the Clarendon headquarters. Officers said important business will be taken up at the meeting. Visitor From Korea to Speak. HYATTSVILLE, Md., February 4 (Special) —Rev. C. S. Hoffman, who lives in Syenchun, in the northern section of Korea, will speak Wednes- day night at 7:45 o'clock at the First Presbyterian Church of Hyattsville. —_— e of the year if you could have seen the look on the face of Carter Glass as he listened to the Senate speech of the inflationist Senator Thomas. Mr. Glass tried to express a continuously amused smile, but it was too difficult for him and he froze it in continuous disgust. (Copyright. 1835.) < authority to adjudicate cases arising out of the newspaper publishers’ code. A. F. L. Control Factor. When all the facts and views are boiled down to a single significance, it is simply that organized labor does | not like any set-up which permits col- lective bargaining through shop or plant organizations not controlled by the American Federation of Labor. ‘The usual term applied to these or- ganizations is the “company union” and the inference is that the com- panies by bribery or coercion or in- timidation tell these workmen how to vote and how to select representatives to bargain for them. This kind of doctrine is accepted by many mem- bers of Congress, including Senator Wagner of New York, who last year introduced legislation prohibiting the “company union.” But an election in the automobile industry, held under the auspices of a board set up by the President of the United States after a written agreement between labor and em- plovers, now reveals that out of 38.000 workmen, only about 5,000 belong to the American Federation of Labor and that the remainder prefer not to be affiliated with any labor unions. Naturally, the American Federation ; of Labor considers any such large group of unaffiliated workers a fer- tile field for membership drives and dues paying. But the elections were held under rules laid down by the Automobile Labor Board, of which a neutral, Leo Wolman, was chairman. The board did not favor either side. cropper in the eyes of the American Federation of Labor, from the solemn contract it entered into with the President of the United States. Traitor Charge Hurled. Also, because the President re- fused to bend his knee to the de- mands of the labor leaders and turn the question over to a one-sided labor board, dominated by members friend- Labor, the charges are coming thick and fast against Mr. Richberg, presi- dential adviser. He is called a “trai- tor” because he once was counsel for the railroad brotherhoods. In other words, once a man accepts public responsibility and recognizes his obli- gation as an officer of the Govern- ment of the United States to play no favorites, to grant no special priv- ilege and to be fair to all, he becomes a “traitor” to the group or cause he | once espoused. | ~There is, therefore, very little dif- ference between the reactionary ideas | held by the special interests who for vears dominated the Republican party and the reactionary ideas held by labor leaders today Government merely as & means of getting special privileges. The chief claim of labor to the sym- pathy of Government has been that throughout the land—workmen who were being exploited by Bourbon em- ployers. But when it comes to setting up a system that is fair to both em- ployers and employes in a democratic sense there is violent objection from labor’s ranks. Showdown Possible. The issue has grown so important and is so close to the President of the radio. American Federation of Labor in Con- gress is considerable. Its lobby is one of the most effective ever organized. Members of Congress of both parties are carefully watched and if they do not toe the mark they are threatened The American Federation of Labor has plenty of controversies within its ranks. It has radicals and liberals and direct-action members, and some who, though in the minority, have leaned toward the general strike idea, which came so near wrecking the labor movement in California last year. The statesmanship in the American Feceration of Labor which made that organization truly great during the war is absent today. The strategy is more like that of the old-fashioned political leaders who believe that gov- ernment is merely an instrument of private power. interest in what is good for the whole country, workers and employers alike. Much Done for Labor. Mr. Roosevelt has played ball with union labor because he has felt sym- pathetic with the under-privileged. No other President has ever done as much for union labor as Mr. Roose- velt. No other President has accepted collective bargaining as a recognized legal right and used his influence to get it written into the statutes. If anybody is guilty of biting the hands that have fed them, it is the labor group who now assail Mr. Roosevelt because he undertakes to correct the errors of a year ago when the scales were held unevenly in the settlement of labor disputes, thus causing an epidemic of strikes, lockouts and in- dustrial unrest unprecedented in the history of America. Union labor has a great opportunity to solidify its position and to do some- thing constructive for the working man, but the Government of the United States is never going to dic- tate to any workman whether he shall belong to one or another type of union or that he must join a union if he prefers to stay out. Even such ardent labor enthusiasts as Prancis Biddle, chairman of the National Labor Relations Board, favor now a law which would prevent em- ployes or labor organizers from co- ercing their fellow employes and which would at the same time prevent employers from coercing or influenc- ing their workmen in the choice of representatives. The trend is toward a fair and evenly balanced labor pol- 4 | and the latter now has withdrawn | ly to the American Federation of | who regard : it represented a voiceless majority | the United States that it is difficult | to see how he can avoid a showdown, | taking the matter to the people over | The political power of the ! with organized opposition at the polls. | There is less and less | REVOLT CRUSHED. LONG WILLRETURN Senator Plans to Stop in Atlanta for Talk on Way to Washington. By the Assoclated Press. NEW ORLEANS, Februaty 4— Having put down another rebellion in least, Huey P. Long planned a return to Washington today. Problems presented by Square Deal Association members, cused of placing a price on his head, were left in the hands of his lieu- tenants and 400 State militiamen. i The inquiry into the alleged plot | against his life was adjourned indef- | initely by Long. but it was deemed advisable to keep a reduced military force under arms to cope with | “eventualities.” Plans Talk in Atlanta. En route to Washington Long will stop at Atlanta to address the Georgia legislators. He proposes to talk on any subject Gov. Talmadge selects. Before coming here from Baton Rouge Sunday Long saw to it that the Louisi- ana Public Service Commission issued an order drastically lowering electric rates in the capital. As Long prepared to leave the State a new flare-up of oppositionists loomed over control of the East Baton Rouge Parish government. “Showdown” Seen. Long seized control of the parish police jury, the governing body, two weeks ago under a legislative act | which empowered Gov. Allen to ap- point one juror for each of the 13 elected jurors. Four of the elected jurors were friendly to Long, giving him a sizable majority. The nine anti-Long members, however, plan to resist the reorganization by court action. Dr. Clarence A. Lorio, president of the reorganized . jury, called the group to meet today to authorize the borrowing of money for relief pur- poses against the parish's gasoline tax. | Borrowing authority is considered , the vital factor in the parish’s man- agement and some quarters looked |for a “showdown” between the two groups after the meeting. MARINE OFFICER DUE FOR PROMOTION Name of Col. Holcomb Sent to Senate by President to Be- come Brigadier. President Roosevelt today sent to the ‘Senate the nomination of Col. ‘Thomas Holcomb of the Marine Corps to be a brigadier general. Col. Hol- comb is appointed to succeed Maj. Gen. James C. Breckenridge as com- mander of the Marine Corps School at Quantico. Col. Breckenridge was promoted to the rank of major general The names of the 24 Marine offi- cers selected for promotion to high- ranking places in the Marine Corps probably will be made public within the next 24 hours. This list containing the names was sent to the President for his approval more than a week ago and it was said at the White House today that the list will be returned to the Secretary of the Navy this afternoon with his necessary approval. The promotions include two colonels to be made brigadier generals. {c‘ymAhn.l: the Agefl:lm Pedel‘lufl of more gain by recogn this fact than by uktnz for a 1# ferred or privileged position, espe- cially when the latest figures show that the American Federation of La- bor does not represent more than 10 per cent of all who are gainfully em- ployed in industry in this country, (Copyright, 1035.) ' L2 4 5 &) / | his turbulent empire, temporarily at | whom he ac-; | said. | agement of any Figure in Latest of Long “Wars” No. 1—George N. Alessi, member of Tangipahoa Parish, La, police jury, who was shot and critically wounded when National Guardsmen and citizens clashed at Baton Rouge. chatting with Ernest J. Bourgeois, Association. The latter was accused inquiry, but Alessi says Bourgeois did No. 2—Pred Parker, jr., former who was accused by Long as one of those conspiring to kill him. He is shown in Baton Rouge Hospital head of the anti-Long Square Deal of the shooting by witnesses at Long not fire the shot. deputy sheriff of East Baton Rouge, In denying the accusation, Parker said the Senator’s testimony was intended to frame him. No. 3—Joe Messina, Huey Long’s chief bodyguard, who, when Huey cried “Let him have it, Joe,” beat up Leon Trice, a 100-pound Associated Press phetographer in New Orleans. Trice went to a hospital from the effects of blackjack blows while Messina accompanied the Senator to Baton Rouge for inquiry into alleged plot to kill the latter. —A. P. Photos. BILL WOULD FORCE FARLEY TORESIGN Senator Norris” Measure Would Compel Him to Quit One of Posts. By the Associated Press. An “anti-politics” bill, under which James A. Farley would have to re- |mtroduced in the Senate today by | Senator Norris (Republican) of Ne- braska. The bill, the Nebraskan said, “takes the Post Office Department, from top to bottom, out of the control and dom- ination of partisan politics.” The President, with the approval of the Senate, would select the Post- master General for a 10-year term. Instead of the present system, where- by Congressmen have an important voice in the appointment of post- masters, all employes would be se- lected by the Postmaster General for “merit and efficiency” only, Norris same basis. “Congressmen ought to be tickled to death to be rid of the job,” Norris said. Explaining the anti-politics clause, the Nebraskan said: “The bill provides that no postmas- Promotions would be on the | 1LS URGEDTOAD NDISTRALSHFT Relief Methods Criticized by Council in Offering Plan to Create Jobs. | By the Associated Press. Criticizing Government relief meth- | ods as threatening to demoralize | “stranded” populations, The Commerce Department’s Busi | ness and Advisory Council—designated | by the Roosevelt administration as the speaking tube through which in- | dustry conveys its ideas to the New | Deal—urged a new Government agency with a revolving fund of $2.- 500,000 to lend to industries “that | can operate more advantageously in rural districts than in crowded metropolitan centers.” | Such loans might, it was suggested, | cover the cost of moving. Additional | loans “not to exceed the actual pay roll” of the concerns might be made for a limited number of months. Advocated by Harriman. | The decentralization of certain in- | dustries has long appealed to several prominent business leaders. Henry | I. Harriman, president of the Cham- ber of Commerce of the United States, | advocated it some time ago. The report of the Advisory and Planning | sign either as Postmaster General OF | Jeaders put forward today a plan to| Will review | Democratic national chairman, was provide such persons jobs by moving | | certain industries from city to country. | 1.5, “BLACKLISTS” RUSSIAN TRADE Retaliatory Measures Will Be Taken Against Others Whe Discriminate. By the Associated Press. The Government took steps today to retaliate against its antagonists in international trade by “blackliste ing” nations which discriminate against American goods. First to go on the “black list” was Soviet Russia. Negotiations toward settlement of the Russian debt to America collapsed last week, thereby blasting hopes of immediate trade re< rival between the two countries Until certain unspecified questions concerning American-Soviet rela tions are clarified, it was said, the Communist state would not be per- mitted to benefit from a tariff reduc- tion on manganese granted Brazil under a reciprocal trade agreement signed Saturday. Moscow Mart Hit. Moscow sells almost half the man- ganese purchased abroad by the United States. It ordinarily might have been expected to receive the same tariff benefit extended to Brazil under a “generalization of benefits” which usually follows such accords. Officials declined to reveal the names of other offending nations, but it was expected they will be an- nounced on the occasion of the sign- ing of a pending trade agreement with Belgium, which is among 15 now being negotiated. The “black list” being compiled by Gepartmental experts comprising the Trade Agreements Committee, is in- tended for use as a basis for deter- mining what countries, not parties to reciprocal trade agreements with the United States, would be allowed to benefit from reductions in tariff this Government grants under such ac- cords. Benefits to Be Denied. Countries which apply quota or other import restrictions—considered discriminatory against American prod- ucts—are to be entered on the roster and ruled out of tariff benefits until they reverse their policies At present there are 35 countries with exchange control regulations or some other form of import limitations, that affected American trade. Among them are France and Germany, but it was stated that not all these could be classed as discriminating against this country. Bethesda Women to Hear Talk. BETHESDA, Md., February 4 (Spe- cial). —Mrs. Everett B. Hickerson of the Political Study Club of Washing- ton will speak at a meeting of the Woman's Club of Bethesda, book re- view section, at 11 am. tomorrow. She will discuss “Forty Days on Mesa Dagh” and Kate Speake Penney's “U. business | S-” Mrs. Charles Leonard Chambers “Lamb in His Bosom.” Mrs. E. A. A Dunn is luncheon hostess. Turkey Supper Plans Advanced. WALKERS CHAPEL, Va., Febru- ary 4 (Special). —The Aid Society of Walkers Chapel Church has nearly completed plans for a benefit turkey supper to be given tomorrow evening beginning at 5 o'clock. Democrats Plan Card Party. OXON HILL, Md., February 4 (Spe- cial) —The Young Democratic League of Oxon Hill will hold a card party next Saturday evening in St. Ignatius Hall here. Farm Aid Difficult. The Netherlands government pro- gram of direct relief to needy agricul- tural and factory groups is meeting with difficulty in satisfying demands because of the program of rationaliza- ter or other official of the Post Office | Council, which is composed of 52| tion of those industries. Department, including the Postmaster General himself, shall be chairman or a member of any political committee, and shall not take part in the man- political campaign. The Postmaster General is directed to remove any official guilty of such prac- tice, and the President is directed to remove the Postmaster General if he engages in any such political activity.” — TOBACCO REVENUES HIGHER THAN 1929 Virginia and Maryland Manufac- turing Shows Heavy In- crease in 1934. Because the American people used more tobacco in 1934 than in 1929, to- bacco manufacturing generally showed a sharp increase in 1934, throughout | Virginia and Maryland, according to | the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Tax revenues on cigar and ciga- rettes both showed a substantial jump in 1934 over 1933 in Virginia. Rev- enue from cigar manufacturing rose from $436,571.37 in 1933 to $512,733.22 in 1934, while the income on ciga- rette taxes rose during the same period in the Old Dominion from $90,020,- 283.54 to $107,610,515.85. Manufac- tured tobacco taxes jumped from $3,- 653,269.90 to $3,847,124.21. In the Maryland district, which also includes the District of Columbia, cigar revenues were on the upgrade, increasing from $40,770.25 in 1933 to $52,263.81 in 1934. But cigarette manufacture, which is small in Mary- land fell off from $257.93 to $138.09. Manufactured tobacco taxes in Mary- land dropped from $236.52 to $132.48. Virginia was second only to North Carolina in cigarette manufacture, but in cigar output fell behind Penn- sylvania, Ohio, New York, New Jer- sey and Florida. More tobacco was sold throughout the country in 1934 than in any year since 1929, according to figures. Total tax revenues on tobacco manufactures for the years from 1929 to date are as follows: 1929, $449,058,963.84; 1930, | $446,156,354.67; 1931, $424,532,735.25; 1932, $387,271,269.01; 1933, $409,308,- 921.04, and 1934, $452366,438.07. —_— H.0.L.C. WARNS DEBTORS 58 Foreclosure Proceedings Start- ed Against Borrowers. A to borrowers that their obligations must be met or they will lose their homes was given yes- terday by the Home Owners’ Loan Corp. in announcing that fore- closure proceedings had been started in 58 cases. Only 10 of the 58 instances, how- ever, it was stated, could be classified as having willfully falled to make payments on their loans. The other 48 were due to abandonment of the properties through death of the owner or similar causes, business leaders headed by H. P. Kendall of Boston, is expected to lead to renewed discussion of the idea. Secretary Roper, who made the re- port public, did not say what action he would take. His announcemen: said, however, that he did not believe decentralization should be carried so far as to harm property owners and business conditions in cities. rather than moving the main plants. a committee headed by William A. Julian, treasurer of the United States, various agencies, is now relocating a great many families from congested cities and placing them in partial self- supporting communities.” “A large portion of the industrial workers still living in the congested centers of our country should be re- moved to partial self-sustenance com- munities, where they can enjoy leisure time and supplement their cash in- come by their own efforts on a plot of ground,” the report continued. “Therefore, we find that population is now being and should further be decentralized, but that industry is not being decentralized to keep pace with the population, and there is no cash income provided for these rural com- munities except Government relief money.” ‘There is, the report said, a type of industry which, because of seasonal production, cannot furnish employ- ment the year round. It suggested the people get part of their living from the soil. STORES EXPOSITION 10-Day Show to Open at Washing- ton Auditorium Wednesday Night. night will be the first of a number of interesting and unusual competi- tions scheduled for this year’s United at the Washington Auditorium Wed- nesday night. The show will be open 10 days, during the afternoon and night. Another attraction is the fiddlers' contest, to be held next Monday night. tap dance:s will get an opportunity to perform closing night. Two thousand dollars’ worth of prizes are to be given away during the exposition. Workers are busy decorating the Auditorium for the show, the most at- tractive and expensively finished the score exhibitors of foodstuffs have al- feature in the way of exhibitions will be & model grocery, complete in every detall, constructed on the Auditorium floor. [ Your Income Tax this type move to small towns where [ Less personal exemntion A contest for whistlers Thursday figt Food Stores Exposition, which opens | Ea Husband and Wife May File Joint or Separate Returns. Husband and wife living together may each make a separate return of - - He| the income of each, or their income tended toward the idea of building may be included in a single joint re- branch plants to rural communities | ¢,y If a joint return is filed such return is treated as a return of a The report, based upon a study by | taxable unit. and the income dis- closed is subject to both the normal tax and the surtax. If a joint return said “the Government, through itS |5 not made by an agent of the tax- payers it must be signed by both hus- band and wife and sworn to before a proper officer by the spouse pre- paring the return. or if neither or both prepare the return then by both spouses. ‘Where separate returns are filed by husband and wife, the joint personal exemption of $2,500 may be taken by either or divided between them in any proportion as agreed upon. In cer- tain cases it would be to the ad- vantage of the couple if they should file separate returns and one spousc claim the total joint personal exemp- tion. In the following example: which illustrate this point, the hu: band has a net income of $4.700, all of which represents earned net in- come, and the wife has a separate net income of $2,500, not earned net income. Separate Returns. husband Net income. .$4.700.00 2.600.00 Balance (surtax net income). surtax applicable since amount is less than $4.000.) Earned income credit Net income. wife. . Less personal exemption Less earned income credit. TO STAGE CONTESTS | e W™ ML AR s Wife’s normal tax at 4 per cent. Total tax of husband and wife_S Computation of Joint Return, income, husband. .£4.700.00 income, wite..... 2 Less versonal exemption Balance (surtax net income) .$4,700.00 rned income credit— 10 per cent of earned income _of ~hus- band. $4 700, . *10 pei cent of net o Net, income sublect to mormal., in excess of £4.000. over $6.000. 4 per cent on $700 (earned not allowable in computation of surtax) . Total tax. joint return of hus- band and wife It will be noted that the saving in stores have held. Most of the three- | tax resulting from the filing of sep- arate returns amounts to $28 in the ready set up their booths. A novel | above computations. *Note—In filin a ol ot 8800 2, St b hbegs t Tncome. 1000 the entire net_ income to be earned net income. N ! 4