Evening Star Newspaper, January 3, 1935, Page 8

A—S8 .THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASBHINGTON,D.C THURSDAY....January 8, 1835 THEODORE W. NOYES..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11t ot SBG Fenpesivanta_Ave. n 3 New' Pork- Ofice:” 110 East $2na St Chicago : Lake Michig: Building. .European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Reeular Edition. The E!\‘Enlnl Ei;rs s Ei:gt per month vening_and Su :?.glfa"‘i"s;n.fi.yg»“?af ;+400c per month e Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) . 65¢ per menth The Sunday Star.... c er copy Night_ Final Edition. Night Final and S:nday &tar. 70¢ per month Night Final Star.. ... 55cer month Collection_ made at ‘the ‘end of each menth._ Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. .1 yr.. $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢c Daily only... 1yr., $6.00; 1 mq 0c Bunday only. .. yr.. $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday. 1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only 1yr. $8.00:1mo. %75¢ Sunday only. ..1yr, $5.00;:1mo. B50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all aews dispatches credited to it or not other- 1 rein. All rights publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Fiscal Equity for Washington. The series of articles on fiscal equity for Washington which have been ap- pearing as editorial correspondence in The Star for the past week is con- cluded with today’s article, in which some of the many detailed compari- sons of tax burden between Washing- ton and other cities are presented in tables and explained in text. But, as pointed out in the preceding articles, the comparison of local tax burdens is merely one of the many considerations which should govern a careful study of the fiscal relationship between the local tax-paying com- munity and the exclusively controlling National Government. These other considerations take into account, first, the National Government's obligations to the Federal City—obligations which have been enumerated in detail, and which may be described in general as those incurred by the Federal Govern- ment as by far the largest single owner of untaxed real estate in the Capital, as the despotic controller of the seat of government and as the recipient of more in national taxes from the Dis- trict of Columbia than from any one of twenty-four States. In discussion of the local tax bur- den, the selection of a proper yard- stick for measuring comparative tax burdens is of first importance. The proper yardstick is constructed of actual figures, reduced in certain cases to per capitas. The use of mis- leading, worthless guesses at ratios of assessed to real value has been widely condemned. And in the comparisons of city tax burdens, the interest which cities pay on their funded indebt- edness should be eliminated in equity from the comparisons, as this is a confusing and misleading factor. State taxes should likewise be elim- inated when the comparisons include Washington, for Washington enjoys none of the great State benefits for which States taxes are levied. The concluding article in today's Btar discusses some of the past and present results that are reached when equitable comparisons of tax burdens are made and tends to refute any suggestion that Washington is under- taxed. It should not be the purpose of any comparison to show that Washington is not as heavily taxed as the most heavily taxed cities in America, or that Washington’s tax is far heavier than the fortunate cities where the tax burden is relatively small. If Washington's tax levy (which does not, of course, include the Federal lump sum) is far in ex- cess, in both total and per capita, of the two citles most nearly approxi- mating Washington in size, that alone might demonstrate that the local community is not escaping its fair share of the tax burden. If Wash- ington’s per capita tax burden is heavily in excess of six representative cities—St. Louis, Baltimore, Min- neapolls, New Orleans, Indianapolis and Richmond, Va.—then Washing- ton cannot be said to be undertaxed. And if Washington's per capita tax burden, after the equitable deduc- tions described above have been made exceeds that of fifty-four out of sixty-three cities of the country with a population of more than 125,000, there is no other reasonable con- clusion than that Washington is now paying its fair share of Capital City expenses. The decreasing lump sum payment accounts for the existing inability of the municipality to undertake im- provements and to maintain its im- portant functions according to the high standards demanded in the Na- tional Capital. In the declining lump sum, and the failure of Congress to recognize just national obligations in support of the seat of government, are represented those inequities which ‘Washington hopes to see corrected, Sentences in Blank. Prof. Alfred L. Gausewitz of the University of Wisconsin, addressing the Association of American Law Schools at Chicago, advocates adop- tion of a system of sentences for convicted criminals “in blank,” to run for any term of years which a State agency finds to be required by Justice. He suggests that the sen- tence teke this form: “You are sen- tenced to the control of the BState which prisoners may be released con- tingent upon their continued good behavior. Any system such as Dr. Gause- wits suggests would for effective! operation rest upon the judgment of some body vested with authority to determine upon a release from prison. This is the case now with the parole system, which does not work well, as witness the numerous instances of men paroled only to go deeper into crime and to become, as now phrased, public enemies, . There can be no assurance of reformation under either determinate or indeterminate sentences. Nor could there be assurance of public security under a system of “blank” sentences terminable upon the judg- ment of such a board es is now usually named for parole adminis- tration. The purpose of imprison- ment of a lawbreaker is both his punishment and the protection of soclety. If the offender can be re- deemed and restored to his normal place in life both objects are obtained. If he leaves prison with a determi- nation to get even with society for its treatment of him he is more dan- gerous than before, regardless of how long he has been detained. The present problem is to find a way of both punishment and protection which is to yleld the best results both for the offender and for society. s ' 1 The Franco-Italian Accord. French Foreign Minister Laval's ar- rival in Rome this week for conference with Premier Mussolini is destined to have far-reaching effects upon the peace of Europe. It will complete the efforts initiated by the late M. Bar- thou, M. Laval's predecessor, to heal | the Jong-standing breach between the two great Latin peoples and bridge the differences in their Central Euro- pean and Northern African policies. A Franco-Italian reconciliation will | combine with the eradication of Franco-German controversy over the Saar to give the nmew year an aus- picious start in the Old World. Protracted diplomatic exchanges have paved the way for the Laval- Mussolini conversations and presum- ably assured their success. Apparently iit is a mutual desire to brook no further delay in arrangements for the preservation of Austria’s independ- ence against the menace of union with Germany that has mainly brought France and Italy together. It has been proposed that they be joined in a pact of guarantee by Czechoslovak a and Yugoslavia. France has the in- terests of these Little Entente associ- ates of hers, especially those of Yugo- slavia, conspicuously in mind in con- cluding an accord with Italy. Italo- Yugoslavian relations have long been gravely strained. Franco - Italian friendship is designed to remove much, if not all, of the gunpowder from that situation. With particular interest Europe will await Franco-Italian decisions re- specting Hungary. The Magyar realm personifies “revisionism”—the gnaw- ing desire of the states vanquished in the World War to regain some of the territory of which they were de- spoiled. Italy has evinced pronounced ‘nvuienln leanings, except in so far | as the Austrian territory acquired by her is concerned. France opposes any tampering with the peace treaties, not only because of the injury it would work to the Little Entente countries, but because the French oppose anything that would sanc- tion concessions to the Germans in the realm of either territory or armaments. Of direct Franco-Italian importance is the matter of the concessions Italy craves in Northern Africa, in gratifi- cation of her colonial expansion as- pirations. Grants of territorial strips in Libya and French Somaliland and liberalized rights of Italians in Tunis are in prospect, along with reported French acquiescence in a free hand for Italy in her current adventures in Abyssinia. With their clashing ambitions in Africa settled, the way will be open for an understanding between France and Italy on naval parity, which for three years has been & bone of bitter contention. Altogether, the week’s developments in Rome should be rich in results for Franco-Italian peace and friendship, with resultant good for the tran- quillity of all Europe. New Year receptions with hand- shaking have been dispensed with. The President has not even time enough to read all his fan mail. —_— e The Land of Flowers, When Juan Ponce de Leon set out in March, 1513, from Puerto Rico, then known as San Juan, on a voyage of discovery, for which he had been granted a patent by the Spanish crown, he was in search of a fabled island known as Bimini, where, he had been told, there was a fountain of waters with the miraculous power of banishing age and its infirmities. As a matter of fact there was on the island where he had ruled as gov- ernor a fount of healing qualities, much used by the natives, but when | he questioned them they told him it lay toward the setting sun, whereas in truth it was only on the other side of the island. The fact was that the Bourrinquens wanted him to move away. So he set forth to the west, and in time he came to a long coast, and on Easter Sunday, April 2, 1513, he landed and called the new found territory “Florida,” in honor of the day, known in Spanish as “Pascua until fit to be discharged.” This in effect is no different from the present system of indeterminate sentences, or sentences with the privilege of parole. In practice the scale now runs in favor of the prisoner rather than of the State, or society at large. First of all there is. the allowance for what is termed “good behavior,” which merely means the outward observance of prison rules regardless of any assurance of ref- ormation. Then there is a possi- bility of clemency in curtailment of the term of imprisonment. Again there is the parole system under " florida.” ‘There he found & spring 1+ which gave forth water with a strange odor and taste. He accepted it as the desired fountain of youth, but it did {not satisfy his craving for the im- mediate restoration of his health and eventually he returned to Puerto Rico after having engaged in encounters with the hostile natives, and on a sub- sequent visit to the new land he had further battles with the aborigines, was wounded, and withdrew to Cuba and died there. Such was the “discovery” of Florida and such the reason for its seeking. Ponce de Leon failed in his search for { THE rejuvenation, but the land that he found is now the mecca of millions who seek, as he sought, refreshment, recuperation and refuge from the Winter’s cold in the land of flowers. A dispatch from Miami just printed states that Florida expects no less than two million sun hunters this sea- son. It looks like a record breaker, with the possible exception of the great he- gira of the boom time, when the pros- pect of financial fountains of youth drew an enormous swarm of real estate speculators. But that is an experi- ence that Florida would gladly forget, however lasting may be the memories of those who drank the bitter waters of that time. The sun hunters bring great wealth to Florida. The State hotel commis- sioner has fixed the value of the 1933 34 season at $250,000,000. This year that figure may be surpassed. State officials are striving to keep up the average of expenditures by stemming the tide of poverty-stricken transients, | the Governor seeking the co-operation | of the chief executives of other States in this embargo. He has also estab- lished & board of patrol to turn back hitch hikers and he is pleading against rent increases which threaten to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs hatched in Florida’s beneficent sun. Disappointed in the hope of luring Hollywood away from California when a threat was made in the Golden State to tax the movie industry heavily, Florida settles back upon its richest asset, its sunshine and warmth, its clemency and its opportunities for di- version and pleasure and sport to bring the crowds. e Some public benefit may be derived from the remissness of those who neglected to get their 1935 motor tags. Danger of fatal crashes will be lessened in some slight percentage. ———— ‘The first letter of the alphabet takes ; on further responsibilities as one A. A. A. undertakes to regulate nuw—} mobiles while another A. A. A. man- ages agriculture. Some of the advertising radio an- nouncers help to cheer the listening public by making the old encyclopedia sound as much like a joke book as possible. R — There is no doubt about Stalin's making his ideas effectual if he can go ahead with his policy of killing off everybody who disagrees with him. —_— e There may be too many automobiles | for public safety, but the Department of Agriculture can neither plow them under nor slay them. —————— Christmas carols will be missed. They proved an agreeable interruption to the collegiate flow of “Sweet Adeline.” ———————— If too many libel suits are deemed necessary, there may have to be some- thing like a N. R. A. code for attor- neys. —————— It is too much to expect that freedom of the news will put a microphone with & national hook-up into a caucus room. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Cynical Child. A youngster stood up at the window and said: “I'm glad that the pace which the holidays led Is finally over. No futher extends My task of amusing my family and friends. ‘'Twas the Night Before Christmas!’ Thank Heaven at last The time for that old recitation is past. ‘Those Santa Claus whiskers—they weren't so bad, But they made no improvement on plain, dear old dad. I'm proud of the book and I'm proud of the toy And each little trifie the grown folks enjoy. Of course, there’s a Santa Claus, all of us learn. A kid just does “straight’ for his annual turn.” Wisdom for All “You can't doubt the wisdom of the court?” “I never have doubted it,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Even when I do not agree with a decision there’s usually a dissenting opinion of which I can heariily approve.” Jud Tunkins says he kind o’ likes the idea of Government ownership. He could at least try to vote some sassy “credit man” out of office. Among Nations. In Russia, ‘mid the cruel snow, When in the early morning The executioner must go ‘To carry out a warning, ‘Why not have melody on hand ‘To cheer the unbeliever With music by a British band, “They're Hangin' Danny Deever”? Parking Space. “Where is Mesa Bill?” “We sent him to the Legislature,” answered Cactus Joe. “What for?” “Well, we had to put him away somewhere. And the jail's full up.” “Eloquence,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is the great gift that enables my neighbor, Hi Hat, to con- vince himself that he is always right.” Criticism in Reverse. The Congressman—that patient elf— Sees funny pictures of himself With bushy whiskers and attire ‘Which old “futurists” could admire. He doesn’t let his anger rise. His time he faithfully applies And plays an honorable game. Do we who sneer all do the same? “Dar is & heap o' colleges,” said Uncle Eben, “but dey don't have enough classes to teach folks how to run automobiles wifout hurtin’ any- THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. While medical men discuss the cause of the common cold, laymen must go right ahead fighting it the best they can. A cold is a personal problem, after all, something like the trafic situa- tion. The trouble with the latter is that not enough persons as yet have come to that conclusion. ~ > Hence the city suffers from a mild form of mass insanity. Not until the majority of individual motorists have realized that each and every one is responsible will the ter- rible toll be ended here. In view of that toll, might not the inquiring mind expect to see lessened speed on our highways, more careful driving? The fact is that it is just the other way around. Few persons, evidently, have been enough impressed by the fatalities, by all the discussion. It will seem to some observers, indeed, that motoring becomes more reckless each day. It is still & mass proposition, rather than an individual one. * % & & Fortunately the common cold is felt by every one to be & highly individ- ualized thing. ‘The discussion of whether & cold is caused by a “filtrable virus” or a “non-filtrable virus” is beside the point, so far as the average layman is concerned. ‘When the doctors get to talking about an entity of disease which is supposed to exist, but which is so small, if it does, that it will escape being’ filtered out by the very finest filter, the layman throws up his hands in despair. All he knows is that he is catching a cold, or has had a cold, or some- body else has a cold and perhaps is sneezing all over the place. This place may be a public vehicle, but there seems to be considerable apathy toward the common sneezer. Your average layman is not much concerned with the prevalent sneeze. Evidently he feels that whether there is a “germ” which may be spread, or only a “virus” which may or may not be filtered out, it makes little differ- ence to him. The average person, it may be averred, does not mind being sneezed upon, so the only sensible conclusion to draw would be that he does not believe a cold is catching. Yet, as in so many departments of human endeavor, such a conclusion would be wrong, for humanity has not yet agreed to proceed upon & strictly intellectual basis. There are few persons who have watched the progress of a cold or grip or influenza through a family who would be willing to sneer at the germ theory. Yet they take no particular steps to act on such a theory, actually making fun of persons who may have | a healthy respect for the probability of such spreading of such a com- mon iliness. * K ¥ All that one can say, therefore, is that, in this respect, as in regard to the prevalent motor insanity of our highways, people do not regard the problem as one the individual can do much about. There are a great many more per- sons, however, who do look upon the common cold as a strictly personal problem. Some of these have worked out very simple methods of control, not infallible, by any means, but of real help to themselves. Whether these methods would be beneficial to others they do not know. One thing they do know, for in- stance, is to act immediately upon the first symptom of chill which attacks them. The common “cold” did not get its | The Struggle of a Negro Student To the Editor of The Star: A number of colored physicians of Washington have just perfected an organization to aid deserving but im- pecunious students who are ambitious to pursue the study of medicine in Howard University. The tuition cost alone is $265, in addition to books, clothes and living expenses. How so many ambitious young men have been able to make their way through by their own unaided effort remains a mystery beyond finding out. In ord to put the story in the form of humal document, I will let one of them, who is typical rather than exceptional, tell his own story. This is the story as he recounted it to me in my library this morning: “I was born in British Guiana, South America, in 1905, and migrated to America in 1923 in quest of an education. I had $120 on arrival. I immediately secured work by which I was enabled to complete the New York Evening High School in 1926. I then stayed out of school for two years working to secure funds to put me through college. In 1928 I en- tered Howard University with $300. By working during vacation time as porter and longshoreman I was en- abled to put myself through college, paying tuition and laboratory fees of $150 a year, in addition to my per- sonal expenses. “I then entered upon the study of medicine and met the expenses of the first year by working nights as an elevator boy. I cleared $100 by work- mng as porter during the vacation. During school term I served as night watchman, for room and board, and finished the year $100 in debt to the university. I had no books of my own but had to depend upon library books and the good graces of my fel- low students to borrow theirs when not using them themselves. For clothes I depended upon the favor of Labor to Oust Reds. From the Macen (Ga.) Telegraph. Nobody has ever questioned the 100 per cent Americanism of Matthew ‘Woll, vice president of the American Federation of Labor, who now comes out with a demand that unless the Soviet Government of Russia sup- presses the Communistic activities in the United States, unquestionably the dipl o A R country about & year ago should be withdrawn. Mr. Woll recalls that Russia made a distinct pledge to suppress the ac- tivities of the Communists in this country in return for our recognition. This recognition was duly extended. ‘We sent an able and sympathetic Am- Russia name for nothing, but s great many persons act upon the theory that it is & sort of joke, being called a cold. No, the “cold” gets its name because it is a perfectly good designation. Usually some feeling of coldness ac- companies its outset, but often this is 80 mild in nature, and so far ahead of the more annoying symptoms, that it 15 unheeded. * k ok k ‘The wise cold fighter is attuned to feelings of inner coldness. He realizes that this is distinct from a normal chill caused by expo- sure, or lowered room temperature. He knows, from past experience, that the congestion which accounts for his coldness may be broken up by the immediate application of heat, if it is immediate enough. This is where the practical part of the whole thing comes in, the per- sonal part of it. Just as the motorist must, upon reading about the traffic fatalities, lay down his paper and say to himself, “Well, I must be more care- ful,” so the person who feels the slight chilling which may precede a cold by as much as 24 hours must say unto himself, “Well, I must warm up” P rhere are several methods, but one of the very best is to put on more clothing. This is so simple that many over- look it, especially in these times when the nudist cult is in the air. For every simon-pure nudist there are thousands of semi-nudists, as some one has called them (we believe it was ourself). Thousands of persons in civilization wear insufficient clothing, such is fashion and_one thing or another. ‘That gentleman who lamented pub- licly that when folks were home lis- tening to the radio they were not out on the streets wearing out good shoes, and, therefore, they ought to give up their music boxes and turn out on the streets en masse to help his clients, the shoe manufacturers, well, he should turn his attention to the in- sufficient clothing worn by the aver- age person nowadays, especially in warmly heated apartments and homes. * K % % Just a little more clothing, in the | form of warm underwear, or a sweater, | will make all the difference between catching a cold and not catching, it, upon occasion. Not always, of course. If fighting a cold were no more dif- ficult than that, we would all bundle up like Santa Clauses. But if a warm sweater is donned immediately one feels that sensa- tion of inner cold, it will do wonders upon occasion. Let the other mem- bers of the family laugh, if they want to. The point is that this symptom of cold is inner, not outer, as much as it sometimes feels the latter -to the victim. The application of more clothing immediately tends to warm the sys- tem, by preventing the escape of inner heat, and this reacts at once on the department of the interior. A second method is to sleep warm. If you are what used to be called 8 fresh-air flend, forget it for the nonce, which means the night. Pile on the covers, and take an old-fashioned sweat. Fortunately, that is a good word again, much more sensible and seemly that perspiration, which so many otherwise educated persons want to pronounce as if spelled “pres- piration.” Adjuncts to this process, while pop- ular, are not needed, if one will put on enough blankets. The heat is the thing, and when one stops to realize the temperature of the blood, which never sinks but a fraction of a degree, at any time, and never rises more than 6 degrees even in the most | severe disease, one will see that no hot lemonade or toddy is needed. All this is a sort of heat cure for a common cold. And the best part of it is that it often works. for an Education| the people in the places where I worked who were kind enough to sup- ply me with cast-off garments. “My third year was the hardest of all. I was due in class from § am. until 5 pm, worked at a hotel from 7 pm. until 2 am. and worked for the university to pay off back bills from 3 to 7 pm. I studied mainly while on my elevator job, especially when the work slackened at the late hour. During my third year I secured EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1935. ThePolitical Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. The South won again. When the House Democrats yesterday elected William B. Bankhead of Alabama to be the party floor leader, they did the expected. But at the same time, the North and West have been ignored, generally speaking, in picking the Democratic leaders in both Houses of Congress. Senator Joseph T. Robin- son of Arkansas, veteran leader of the Upper House, was unanimously re-elected to that office. Vice Presi- dent Garner hails from Texas, called a Southwestern State, but neverthe- less a Southern State, and he is a Southern man. The new Speaker of the Hcuse, Joseph W. Byrns of Ten- nessee, may be said to come from a border State, although Tennessee is generally credited with being “Southern.” * X ¥ X ‘The South won again when it came to the selection of a Speaker and the election of a Democratic floor leader because it had able candidates to offer and because the other sections of the country were unable to agree upon candidates to oppose the South- erners, Both Mr. Byrns and Mr. Bankhead have had long experience in the House and both have demon- strated their abilitles in many House conflict. The fact that Mr. Byrns would be the party nominee for Speaker had been known for sometime. Indeed, the opposition to him had folded up. After all, he had been Democratic floor leader and under the practice of the Democrats he was entitled to become Speaker after the death of the late Speaker Rainey had cleared the way for him. The North and the West may be disappointed because of the way the Democratic leadership has gone again to the South. There may even be the old criticism raised—that the South is in the saddle. But there were plenty of Democrats in the North and West who preferred to pick the man they thought best qualified for floor leader, rather than be guided by mere sectionalism. O'Connor of New York had the Tammany stamp on him, which did not make his chances any better. He gets, however, the chairmanship of the Rules Commit- tee of the House and becomes over- night one of the triumvirate which usually dominates in House manage- ment—the Speaker, the majority floor leader and the chairman of the Rules Committee. So, as & matter of fact, O'Connor wins anyway. He attained the chairmanship of the Rules Com- mittee because he ranked second to Bankhead, who was promoted from the chairmanship to majority leader. * ¥ * X The revolt talk among some of the Republican members of the House who did not wish Representative Snell of New York to be re-elected minority leader came to nothing. On the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose i stamp for reply. Q. Do members of Congress have to pay Federal income tax or any other tax?—M. A. A. Members of Congress are sub- ject tc Federal income tax just as are all people in the United States. They are subject to all other taxes according to the laws of the States in which they live. The only incomes exempt from Federal Income taxes are those paid to State empioyes. Q. Do more people in the United | States die of excessive cold or exces- sive heat?—J. McW. A. In 1930, the census figures for these causes of death were: Excessive cold, 337 deaths; excessive heat, 1,487 deaths. Q. What is a railroad conscience fund?—A. D. | A. Conscience fund is a nickname | given to the money sent into the rail- roads by persons who have failed to | pay or who have underpaid their fare. Q. What proportion of the popu- lation is color blind?—K. M. C. A. The Public Health Service says | that congenital color blindness occurs in from 3 per cent to 4 per cent of | |males and in only 0.3 per cent of females. It generally affects both eyes and is often hereditary. Q. Who said “Don’t cheer boys, the poor devils are dying”?—T. M. | A. It was said by Capt. Jack Philip, United States Navy (the late Rear | Admiral J. W. Philip), who was in| command of the United States Battle- | ship Texas, in Santiago harbor. It was said regarding the enemy on the cruiser Infanta Maria Teresa and the | Oquendo when forced to surrender —to quiet the loud cheering of the Americans over this victory, July 3, 1898. Q. In what continent are there the most Jews?—J. F. §. A. In Europe. It has about 10,000,- | 000; Asia, 1,000,000; North America, 4,000,000, most of these in the United | States. Q. Why do some lakes in Northern | Florida disappear and then reap- | pear?—M. K. | A. The lakes in Northern Florida | occur in sinkholes formed by the cav- | ing in of the roofs of caverns resuiting | from the solution of the limestone which underlies that region. The | lakes form in these sinkholes when | the outlets become clogged. If the outlet water becomes free of the cb- struction which has prevented the | Q. How many main divisions are there of the human race?>—W. B. A. Three main human races are recognized today—the white, the yele low-brown and the black. Q lniwha;“upeTwm Lotte Leh- mann sing t at the Metropoli this season?—E. E. s A. Miss Lehmann will sing in “Der Rosenkavalier” during the opening week of the Metropolitan. Q. Why does an orgy signify de- bauchery?—O. W. A. Orgies were secret rites or cuse toms connected with the worship of some of the pagan dejties. The fes- tival of Dionysius especially included many customs of mystic symbolism and much license. From this comes the implication of drunkenness and dcbauchery. Q. When was there & coin made called an angel?—C. D. A. Angels were coined in England from the time of Edward IV to that of Charles I, from about 1460 to 1625. They were gold coins bearing the fig~ | ure of the Archangel Michael piercing the dragon, and varied in value from $1.60 to $2.50. Q Had King Albert I of Belgium been in the United States before he came in 1919 accompanied by Queen Elizabeth?—M. P. A. As the Count of Flanders, before his accession to the throne, he visited the United States and inspected Amer- ican rallroads under the guidance of James J. Hill. Q. What birds Winter in the Dis- trict of Columbia?>—J. H. F. A. The ones commonly seen are turkey buzzard, sharp-shinned hawk, Cooper’s hawk, red-shculdered hawk, bobwhite, pigecn, screech owl, flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker, hairy wood- pecker, downy woodpecker, American crow, fish crow, blue jay, Carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse, white- breasted nuthatch, red-breasted nut= hatch, brown creeper, Carolina wren, Winter wren, mockingbird, golden- crowned kinglet, starling, English sparrow, cardinal, purple finch, gold- finch, junco, tree sparrow, white« throated sparrow and sOong sparrow. The birds which may be seen in the ‘Wintertime in Washington rarely or abnormally include the following: Red-tailed hawk, marsh hawk, red- headed woodpecker, catbird, robin, meadow lark, purple grackle, pine siskin, red crossbill, red-pointed tow- hee and field sparrow. This list does not include waterfowl. Q. What is the Augsburg Confes- sion?—G. C. A. It is the chief credal statement of faith in the Lutheran Church. Q. When was the Alllance Francaise showdown in the Republican caucus | Water from escaping through some | groanized’—S. C. yesterday only one vote was cast against the New Yorker—a single Kansas member voted for Mapes of Michigan rather than vote for Snell. W. Kingsland Macy, former Repub- lican State chairman of New York, made no headway whatever in his fight to hamstring Mr. Snell and bring about the election of a Republican leader in the House with more pro- gressive ideas. Snell has served as Republican floor leader for the last four years—during two Congresses. * % % X What to do with Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin, recently re-elected as a “progressive” instead of a member of the G. O. P, was & problem only for a minute in the Re- publican Committee on Committees of the Senate yesterday afternoon. La Follette was allowed to retain his old committee places, to which he had been appointed as a Republican. This looks like good political sense, particularly if the Progressive party in Wisconsin is eventually to return to the Republican fold. The Repub- lican Committee on Committees might have undertaken to give La Follette a separate status and make him go to the foot of the list in his assign- ments to standing committees. That is the course which was pursued in relation to Senator Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota, Farmer-Laborite. Sen- ator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota, a member of the Republican progressive group with which La Follette has trained in the past, happens to be the new chairman of the Republican Committee on Committees. That may have had something to do with the way the Republicans decided to treat their erstwhile party colleague, * * ¥ x Gov. Pinchot of Pennsylvania, who soon is to leave the Governor's office a job at the university to cut grass|to a Democrat, George H. Earle, is on the campus during the Summer |likely to be a candidate for Congress and to attend the switchboard during the Winter. Just as I was entering my fourth year I was run over by an automobile and confined to the hos- pital for several weeks. I had no money at the opening of school. My sister, who lives in New York, has helped me, in small sums, from time to time to relieve me at points of greatest pressure. She sent me $40 to pay on my tuition. I then applied for & scholarship under the F. R. E. A, but had to take out my nat- uralization papers before I became eligible. With this assistance I have struggled up to the present time. In the meantime I have been unable to work on account of injuries. I can- not now see my way through the year, but somehow I hope to pull through. I have often had to run for more than a mile to reach class on time. On one occasion I lived for two days on a quart of milk without bread.” I asked whether if he could have foreseen the hardships from the be- ginning he would have risked the venture. He responded emphatically in the affirmative. ‘This human document can be du- plicated in scores of instances of young men who are st for an education in Howard University so as to improve their condition and help their fellow men. The simple narra- tion of the story carries its best com- ment. KELLY MILLER. nism are outspoken in their denuncia- tion of the United States and the capitalistic system on which it is founded. Even in the school work sponsored by the Fedral Government as part of its relief program Com- munism is being taught. It has frequently been pointed out that the one difference between Communism and any other kind of “ism” that might be taught in this country is that the Communists are not content to win converts by ap- pealing to the mind and judgment. They freely admit that what they stand for is the overthrow of the. American Government by force. No government in the world can afford to submit tamely to such an advocacy. It would be simple to commit suicide. You do not invite a man to accept the hospitality of your home when he tells you in advance in plain terms that it is his purpose to dynamite your residence or set fire to it in the night. . ——————— Not Absolutely Essential. From the Kansas City Star. When we told the young folks in our block about the great mistletoe in the old McFadden district, it is rumored. McFadden was defeated in the last election by a Democrat. He is out. Mrs. Pinchot, the Governor's wife, has tried once or twice to wrest the Republican nomination for the House away from McFadden: he de- feated her. The Pinchots are plan- ning to make another trip to the South Seas after the Governor steps out of office. On their return they are likely to open their house in ‘Washington. * % K ok While several of the most promi- nent Republicans in the Senate will not be in their old places at the Capi- tol as a result of the November elec- tions, some of them will linger on in the Capital City. For example, ator David A. Reed of Pennsylvania is planning to open a law office in the city, although he will also have a law office in Pittsburgh, his home. He built a house here in S street, which he will continue to occupy part of the time. Mr. Reed, who ceases to be a Senator today, remains the Republican national committeeman for Pennsyl- vania. He has no idea of relinquishing this office, for he retains a strong in- terest in what the Republican party is to do in the future, and whom it is to name for its presidential candidate two years hence. Ancther veteran Republican Senator who will continue in Washington is Senator Fess of Ohio, Mr. Fess is to wtite a book. * ¥ ok % ‘When Gov. Albert C. Ritchie of Maryland steps out of office as chief executive of Maryland, which he has held for the last fifteen years, he will return to the practice of law. He is resuming his membership in the firm which will continue practice under the name of Ritchie, Janney, Ober & Wiliams. In his farewell mes- sage to the Maryland Legislature, Gov. Ritchie urged that the credit of the State be preserved. This has been a cardinal principle with the Gov- ernor for many years. He was nally successful in maintaining the State’s credit and keeping out of debt when other States were going heavily into the Small obligations mean small taxes for the people to bear. Borah Would Balk. Prom the Milwaukee Sentinel. Mr, Borah would be first to object to the tingling love appeal, “Stay as You Are,” as a theme song for the Republican elephant. Sea Perils, Prom the Roanoke Times. The Navy Department reports that seventy-seven sailors were killed last year by automobiles. A life on the ocean wave is not without its perils. A underground passage, the lake is| drained. Another obstruction over the outlet may cause the lake to refill. | This process may be repeated any | number of times, depending on wheth- er the outlet of the sinkhole is open or obstructed. Sinkholes are common in many regions underlain by lime- stone formations. Q. What is the origi of -the famous thorn bush at Glastonbury Cathedral? T | A. According to tradition the fa- mous thorn at Glastonbury Cathedral was brought and planted there by Jo- seph of Arimathea and was part of the crown of thorns which was pressed upon the brow of Christ. According to tradition it bicoms at Christmas time and the possession of a piece is said to insure good fortune through | the year. There is also a slip which | | has grown from a gift from Glaston- bury at the Cathedral of Sts. Peter | and Paul, now building in Washing- ton, D. C. | A. It was founded in 1902 in the United States and Canada and now has about 300 groups studying French and the literature, arts, sciences and history of France Q. What is the wealth of the Negro race in the United States?>—L. W. F. A. In 1930 the accumulated wealth of Negroes was estimated at $2,600,- 000,000. Q. Where is the home of the giraffe-necked women, which were featured in one of the circuses?—T. E. A. The curious women exhibited and advertised as giraffe-necked wom- en are members of the Padaung Tribe Burma. Although they are ity in this country, the prac- tice of encircling the necx with brass rings is characteristic of all women of the tribe. The collar-like effect produced by these rings makes the neck appear abnormally long, but in reality there is very little stretch- ing. For Attack on ‘More attention is paid to Senator | Glass of Virginia than to his cause, | when he questions the right of the | Federal Reserve Board to order banks | to reduce interest rates on time and | savings deposits to 212 per cent. He takes the position that the executive department of the Government usurps the rights of Congress, when the order for reducing the maximum interest rate from 3 per cent is applied to banks which are not members of the | Federal Reserve system. “'Senator Glass is the burr under the administration saddle,” says the Buf- falo Evening News, with the belief | that “his latest criticism, perhaps, has more effect than that of the entire Republican group, since it comes from a man who has, admittedly, been a | master of finance, without becoming the servant of financiers.” The Bloomington (Ill.) Pantagraph offers | the opinion on the controversy: “The scholarly Senator Glass quotes from Cicero to the effect that certain per- sons ‘condemn what they do not un- | derstand’ He also gave utterance to | the feeling previously expressed in many quarters that ‘arbitrary disre= | gard of existing law in the interest of recovery is simply convenient imagi- nation, amply proved so by repeated experiments in the fixing of discount trates’ It is well that the Senate has a few men of experience, good judg- | ment and boldness to speak out when they see things taking place in gov- ernment which they believe to be | wrong.” “More and more it becomes appar- ent,” thinks the Chattanooga Times, “that the outstanding menace to the New Deal is being born, not of the Republican party, but of the Demo- cratic party, and that Carter Glass is that menace.” The Times adds that “it is not difficult to imagine the feel- ing of members of the Federal Reserve Board, when this authority on bank- ing and on the Federal Reserve act charged the board with usurping the authority of Congress.” “It has taken most of a lifetime,” declares the Lincoln (Nebr.) State Journal, “to obtain some of the bank- | ing laws now on the statute books of | the United States, and Senator Glass does not want those laws tampered | with and this work destroyed under the cover of emergency action. Sena- tor Glass is one man who is not afraid to call the administration’s hand when | the administration launches on what he considers an unsound program. fETioi neett iyl i ten, I ElnEs en timation, to again call a halt on ad- ministration tampering, he does not hesitate to do so. The Senator does not seem to care what the effect on his own political future may be. He is interested in sound banking and does not want administration experi- ments to pry away the corner stone laid for a sound system after years of labor.” In explanation of the action of the Reserve Board, the Nashville Banner makes the statement: “The object of the order, as might be readily inferred, s to encourage depositors to seek in- 7estment elsewhere for their idle funds, thus sending more money into new avenues of activity. The action of the Federal Reserve Board is in line with other procedure by the President in the recent past, with the general ob- s | credit™; Senator Glass Again Lauded Banking Order jective of lowering interest rates. His action in calling for a 5 per cent basic rate under the housing act for new mortgage loans which it insured was an illustration in point.” ‘The Dayton (Ohio) Herald directs attention to the fact that “this is an- | other step in the Government’s pro- gram to do everything possible to ease that, “as such, it may be said of it that it is commendable, and fur- ther, that the possible incidental effect of fostering spending, although it is | likely to be slight, cannot work any injury to the economic structure as a whole.” “The rate cut is approved by the banking fraternity,” reports the Dav= | enport (Iowa) Daily Times, “since it is felt that it will strengthen institu- tions which have been paying too high an interest rate. Since 75 per cent of the banks have been paying only 212 per cent, it affects the policy of only 25 per cent of the establishments as- scciated with the Reserve system. It 1as been the smaller banks which have been paying the highest rate on de- posits and many leading bankers have insisted that they cannot show a profit on this division of their business at 3 per cent, particularly when a de- sire for liquidity finds considerable of their money idle.” “It would seem,” criticizes the Prov- idence Journal, “that the experience of the past few years would already have convinced the administration of the inadequacy of such a method for | putting bank reserves to work.” ——e———— Coal Industry Fights, From the Philadelvhia Inquirer. The National Coal Association ap- parently is determined not to meet the attack of the Tennessee Valley | Authority and kindred projects lying down. Close upon the announcement by Joe Guffey and George Earle that plans were being drawn for Federal hydroelectric projects in Pennsyl- vania, the coal association has de- nounced the “unfair and unjustifi- able” competition by New Deal agencles and their “extravagant allotment of taxpayers’ money to une economic enterprises.” An indication of the firmness of the association’s stand is shown by its declaration that “in the debauched state of the public mind on the sub ject of Federal appropriations for iocal enterprises it is going to be necessary for the bituminous industry to fight most strenuously to protect its interests.” The “debauched state of the public mind” toward Federal handouts is perhaps a menace equal to that of actual Government projects that compete with private business. Con- tinued public dependency upon Gov- ernment doles and upon Federal initi- ative means the gradual attrition of all private effort. Unless there is a check on this increasing habit of looking to the Government for money d jobs, American independence of thought and action will become non- existent. ‘The coal men are to be commended for their resolute intention to fight for their industry against meddling bureaucracy. ' L)