Evening Star Newspaper, August 13, 1933, Page 1

WEATHER. (U. 8. Weather Bureau Forecast.) Fair, followed by local thundershowers this afternoon or tonight; tomoirow fair, not so warm; fresh southwest winds. ‘Temperatures—Highest, 89, at 5 p.m. yestercay; lowest, 69, at 5 a.m. yesterday. Full report on page 5. Entered as second class matter post office, Washington, D. C. No. 1,482—No. 32,611 he Sund WITH DAILY EVENING EDITION MACHADO MAKES ESCAPE BY PLANE; 21 DEAD, 200 HURT IN CUBAN ORGY; ROOSEVELT SURE OF STABILITY Storm Halts Mob—Aides of Re- tiring President Shot—Palace Sacked—Offices Wrecked. SLAIN BY ANGRY DEMONSTRATORS Secretary of State Ferrara Also Leaves Country by Air—Wild Disorders Eclipse Independence Celebration. (Copyright, 1033, by the Associated Press.) HAVANA, August 12—Gerardo Machado today threw up his #ght-year rule of Cuba as President and fled for his life in a plane toward the Bahamas while celebrating mob dealt death to his sup- porters and Carlos Manuel De Cespedes became the new executive of the island republic. i i Twenty-one persons were known to have been slain and estimates &zt the fatalities as high as 30 when angry crowds raced through e streets and sacked the presidential palace. More than two hun- dred were injured. Five of the dreaded Machado secret police were slain and more than 50 houses of men who supported the fleeing President were sacked or burned. Late tonight De Cespedes, 62-year-old former secretary of state and diplomat, who was supported by all the republic's political fac- tions, announced he had assumed officially the office of Provisional President. Commission Calls at Home. “It is my duty,” he said, “to lend my most effective aid in these difficult moments to the work of dangered.” saving the country, which is en- A commission of Senators and Representatives called at De Cespedes’ suburban home during: the evening to inform him that all legal formalities had been concluded. Congressional action—delayed seemingly for a time because Machado supporters were slow in coming out of seclusicn to make a quorum—paved the way for him to take over the office from Gen. Alberto Herrera, secretary of war under Machado, and Provisional By Radio to The Star. President briefly today. Quorum Final lly Assembled. The Congress finally got together a quorum, granted the leave of absence which Machado was forced to request and took another formal step. The latter was the repeal of an article of Cuba’s electoral law requiring that the Provisional President hold office 30 days before delivering the power to any one else. in favor of De Cespedes. Herrera immediately resigned Secretary of State Orestes Ferrara, who ordinarily would have succeeded to the presidency, fled to Miami, Fla. Dispatches from Santiago said 3 persons were killed and 25 wounded there in general disorders and that mobs sacked and burned homes of government officials and houses at army headquarters. Four Accompany Machado. Accompanying Machado on h: is flight were former Secretary of the Treasury Octavio Averhoff, former chief of the Havana central district, Jose Izuquierdo; former Chief of Police A. B. Ainciart, an aide of the latter, and Capt. Jorge Vila, president of the Cuban Avi- ation Co. An edict went out from the general staff that none but neces- | sary cars <hould be on the streets tonight, and those should stop at the first order. feated when his compact, well disc: plined little army rebelled against him en masse, gave up the fight at 10 o'clock this morning and sent to Con- gress a request for leave of absence. Thus the main feature of the medi- ation plan sponsored by United States Ambassador Sumner Welles upon the authority of President Roosevelt and approved by government and opposi- tion political groups in the island re- public—retirement, of President Ma- chado—was accomplished. Scenes of Wild Disorder. Machado accepted the resignations of all members of his cabinet except Her- rera Senor Cespedes, on becoming head of the state, began to construct his cabi- net from members of all political fac- tions, with a view to establishing a strong and stable government. Scenes of wildest disorder, eclipsing even those staged when Cuba gained its independence in 1901 were witnessed in the streets of Havana tcday as a frenzied populace celebrated the over- throw of the government which has reigned since 1925. Riotous demonstrations took place throughout the city as thousands of enthusiastic supporters of the military Coup D'Etat, armed with sticks and clubs, swarmed through the streets at- tacking the presidential palace and other buildings owned by adherents of the deposed chief executive. The army leaders, who yesterday seized the harbar fortress and other points of advantage without firing a shot, approved the choice of Senor Cespedes as the new president and gave permission for Gen. Herrera to Temain as secretary of war until the scheme of legal succession to the high office could be completed. ‘The situation in the Interior of the country remained obscure, as communi- cations from the capital had been: cut_off. The howling mob stormed the office of the newspaper, Heraldo de Cuba, which supported Machado, set fire to the building and wrecked the interior. To the office of the opposition news- paper, Diario de la Marino, the mob carried a piano, taken from the palace, broke it to pieces and distributed the bits as souvenirs of the occasion. ‘When Col. Anton Jiminez, chief of the secret police, wounded one of the dem- onstrators, a group of soldiers shot Jiminez to death and cheering men kicked the body and trampled it. The home was looted and fired by the mob this afternoon. Similar treat- ment was dealt out to the home of Izquierdo. Throng Assembles at Embassy. Good will prevailed between the dem- onstrators and the military and naval guards at the palace. which did not in- terfere when the mob stormed the offi- cial residences, sacked the first floor of the interior and stripped the grounds of trees and flowers. A throng of several hundred rejoic- ing persons formed in front of the American embassy, cheering loudly. For a while during the night and this morning it looked as if the army, which struck quickly and quietly to end Machado's reign in order to forestall the threat of American intervention, might follow up its coup and force the naming of one of its own leaders as active president. Many leaders of the insurgent move- ment, among them Col. Julio Canguily, strongly favored Col. Horacio Ferrer, re tired chief of the army medical depart- ment, for provisional president. The ABC Secret Society, the Nationalists, the Mediation Committee and other im- rtant political groups also favored 1. Ferrer. Ferrer, howe refused the honor, saying ke did nct wani the people to Otherwise they would be fired on. The embattled Machado, finaily de- | |think the army’s movement was de- signed to place any specific man at the head of the government. | The mad orgy tnat followed Ma- | chado’s abandonment of office drove all | those close to his government into | hiding. | Time after time during the day the menacing cry issued from thousands of throats: “‘Get Machado! Let's get Ma- chado!™ After the looting of Jose Izquierdo's house, a girl rode wildly through Ha- vana’s streets this afternoon, standing on the running board of an automobile |and screaming hysterically as she ex- tended her feet, on which were men’s shoes: “Pepito Izquierdo's shoes! | pito Izquierdo's shoes!” The furniture, clothing, fixtures and personal effects of both the Izquierdo ' and the Zubizarreta homes, which were ransacked by the mob, were carried out | into the streets and shattered to pieces or distributed. learned no member of either family was at home when the looting occurred. Unconfirmed reports circulated that the homes of many other government adherents also were sacked by the mobs, crazed with their power. Family’s Whereabouts Unknown. After several hours of uncertainty as | to the late president’s whereabouts, it was learned early this evening that he had left the island at 3:30 p.m. aboard an amphibian plane for Nassau, the Bahamas. Fleeing into exile after having been | repudiated by the army and most of the political factions in the state, Ma- | chado escaped from the island in his | plane, which took off from the Gen. | Machado Airport, about 15 miles from the capital, while the excited populace jof Havana was indulging in violent | celebration of his going. ‘Where the ex-president’s family were tonight remained a matter of mystery. The detailed story of what happened | last night after the army turned against | Machado came to light today. Having seized the fortresses and other strategic positions, leaders of the in- surrection called Secretary of War Herrera to the general staff's head- quarters and informed him the army | believed that the President was bring- ing on Americs:. intervention by re- fusing Ambassador Welles' proposal to quit the high office. The leaders gave the executive 48 hours to get out. When Gen. Herrera at first refused (Continued on Page 3, Column 1. Pe- So far as could be| - * De FactoPresident CARLOS MANUEL DE CESPEDES. —A._P._Photo. Palmer Tells | of Ominous T riumph. BY COL. FREDERICK PALMER. } HAVANA, August 12.—The still in- creasing roar, as I write. of public jubi- lation at the abrupt withdrawal of President Gerardo Machado, carries a note of rising vengeance, of ready mcb spirit which may be the cause of more serious excesses than those already wit- nessed. The people are little concerned over who will be the next President so long as he is not a Machado henchman. Their only thought was to throw out Promises Help With Trade Problems. CUBAN TENSION IS UNABATED New Crisis Is Seen if Army Men Play . Politics. By the Associated Press. President Roosevelt returned to Washington last night full of con- fidence that Cuba is progressing toward stability but determined to search out all possible ways of re- lieving the island republic’s eco- | nomic distress. | Some observers in the Capital | last night were quick to term the | change in government on the“ island a victory for Roosevelt diplomacy, as the administration’s | | Ambassador Sumner Welles, has presented the request of island factions that President Gerardo Machado vithdraw. The President’s general satisfac- |tion with the history-making | events in Havana, culminating in the retirement of Machado, was made known by Mr. Roosevelt himself as he hurried back to the Capital by motor through the Vir- | ginia mountains. Data Readily Available. His expression was based on bare reports relayed by telephone from the State Department, but on arriving at the White House the President was quick to avail himself of fuller infor- mation. This was readily available as Secre- tary Hull and his aides had held hourly conversations with Ambassador Welles by telephone to Havana throughout the | the tyrant who held the power of life | day and death over them for eight years. They have succeeded. but one of Ma- chado’s last acts in office was to appoint his stanch follower, War Secretary Al- | bert Herrera, secretary of state, and thus Herrera automatically became Pro- visional President when Machado re- signed. 1 have seen the most amazing of vic- tory parades at the conclusion of a week of silent war so dramatically and sen- sationally won in a manner that took all but the army heads by surprise. Not until late yesterday evening were the old hands among the local press | correspondents convinced that anything kad happened except an army move- ment which gave Machado the oppor- tunity for another overawing stroke. The people in the streets who saw sol- diers rushing by in trucks and machine guns planted at the palace with charac- teristic truculence refused to believe that the army which Machado has used to hold Cubans by the throat had taken the old bull by the horns. “Too Good to Be True.” No military concordat ever served a more surprising third degree to its vic- tim than when the officers so_long loyal to Machado left the former Presi- dent stripped of his last supporter. If he were “caught in the streets tonight his very bones would be broken into | fragments for souvenirs. The people went to bed last night ! still thinking the news too good to be true. Early this morning there was the first rattle on the taut drumhead footsteps became louder. A low hum of conversation was heard. Gradually | Havana became live and noisy in char- acteristic fashion as the truth became more certain. The city group that clapped hands as United States Ambassador Sumner Welles entered the embassy grew (Continued on Page 3, Column 6.) AUTHOR-FLYER INJURED Alan Winslow Falls From Window of Ottawa Hotel. OTTAWA, Ontario, August 12 (P)— Alan Winsiow, author and United States World War flyer, was injured seriously today when he fell from a third-story window of a hotel. Several hours later he was still unconscious in a hospital and slight hope was held for his recovery. Winslow came here two days ago on business. Apparently he was seized with a fainting spell in his hotel room and hurried to a window. He fell 50 feet to soft ground. Both his ankles and a thigh bone were broken. Winslow, 37 years old, served in France with the Lafayette Escadrille and lost an arm in action. | By the Associated Press. Cuban exiles, no longer expatriates of their island republic with the downfall of the Machado regime, prepared to- night to return by airplane and steam- ship to their homes. Representatives of both transporta- tion agencies reported large advance reservations, and members of the colony confirmed that they were intended pas- sengers. Meanwhile, Gen. Mario G. Menocal, opposition leader here, viewed at a dis- tance the developments in Cuba. No official word tame from his resi- dence at Miami Beach and there was considerable doubt if the general, a former President of Cuba, would issue further statements. Nor could it be offici learned whether Gen. Menocal and exten- sive following expect to support the provisional government set up around 'Carlos Manue] de Cespedes, former i MIAMI, Fla., August 12.—Scores of | CUBAN EXILES, HAPPY AT REVOLT, TO LEAVE FLORIDA FOR HOME embbassndm‘ to the United States from uba. Before Cespedes’ selection appeared likely Menocal declared he felt the dip- lomat “not the man for the moment.” Menocal also suffered a setback in the refusal of Col. Horcacio Ferrer, veteran Cuban army medical officer and follower of the former President in the war of independence, to allow his name to be placed in the provisional presidency lists. However, this did not mar the joy of | the general or the large staff gathered about him at the downfall of the Ma- chado government. As the veteran oppositionist himself declared: “With Machado gone, all other dif- ferences are easily settled.” Then he added: “I have every confidence in the final judgment of the people of Cuba. The general strike was the voice of the peo- ple of Cuba and greclpihted the down- fall of Machaday’ k of weeks of fear and suspense. Rapid | | day. | The choice of Carlos Manuel de Ges- | pedes as provisional President to suc- |ceed Machado was well received in | Washington, where he is well known, | | having represented his country here from 1914 to 1922. ‘There was no apparent disposition on the part of Secretary Hull to take | sides in efforts at reorganization of the Cuban government, however, or to gloat over the success of Welles’ activities. |its position was that the United States {has merely been a helpful neighbor, assisting Cuba in finding a solution for | its political problems in its own way. Hull Cancels Vacation. It was learned Secretary Hull has |plunged into a study of measures for | the relief of Cuba's economic troubles. | He canceled a vacation he had planned | for next week and announced he would | remain in Washington to lend a hand %in the drive to relieve starvation con- | ditions in the southern republic. | The Secretary said yesterday that the American Cuban policy has choked Cuba’s commerce, and that steps will be taken to remedy this situation. Work will be hastened on the proposed recip- {rocal trade agreement to stimulate | American trade with the island. | Cuba also will be assisted by the United States in reorganizing its in- |ternal and external debts on a more | satisfactory basis and the administra- | tion is determined to give Cuban sugar | more favorable treatment in the United States market. Negotiations Progress. President Roosevelt, as well as Sec- retary Hull, is deeply interested in plans for the readjustment of Cuban land holdings and other social reforms which will strengthen the new regime. | " Considerable progress had been made on negotiations for a new reciprocal tariff agreement before Ambassador Welles undertook mediation in the Cuban political troubles. His time then became so fully consumed by confer- ences with leaders of the various fac- tions in Cuba that he was compelled to abandon the tariff negotiations tem- | porarily. CUBAN TENSION UNABATED. Intervention Danger Seen If Young Army Officers Play Politics. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. appeared last night unabated, in spite of the resignation of President Machado. Officially, only little importance seems to be attributed to these outbreaks which are described as exuberant dem- onstrations of the long downtrodden people. As soon as a number of scores are settled with the officials of Ma- chado’s administration, it is believed the new government will be able to take the situation in hand firmly and re- store law and order in the Island. On the other hand, it is not known how the army is going to behave. There is a possibility some of the younger officers may attempt to play (Continued on Page 3, Column 4.) u.s. CONSIDE.RS PROTEST TO NAZIS ON SHIPPING Diplomatic Officials Study Charges of Discrimination Against For- eign Craft in Ports. By the Assoclated Press. ‘The State Department yesterday took up with the Department of Commerce an appeal from thie Roosevelt Steamship Co., asking that a protest be filed with the German government against report- ed Nazi favoritism shown to German ships as against foreign ships operating to_German ports. Diplomatic officials are making a study of the shipping conditions against which the American company protested. No representations have been made as yet, however, to the German govern- ment. The discriminations against for- ping in Germany was said to i 10!flclal representative on the scene, | The administration has maintained ' The tenseness of the situation in Cuba | :’éfin‘?fim from gxchange regulations. | only Y Star WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 13, 1933—NINETY-FOUR PAGES. #% AND CHIEF, WE DONT COUNT ANY Q'THESE BIRDS TiLL THEY'RE HATCHED EITHER! PRESIDENT IS BACK FROM HYDE PARK AND VIRGINIA TUURi Forest Workers Praised on Showing of Health and Spirit. BY J. RUSSELL YOUNG. President Roosevelt returned to the White House late yesterday from his two weeks' visit at his home in Hyde Park, N. Y., after spending the greater part of the day inspecting emergency conservation work camps in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. i Mr. Roosevelt arrived in the best of | health and in especially high spirits as a result of his visit with the sturdy, bronzed young men enrolled in Civilian Conservation Corps. | He stated with great enthusiasm that | he was delighted with the splendid, happy, healthy appearance of the mer he saw in the camps and pleased with the reforestation work they have been| doing since their enrollment. He expressed his sentiments in this respect when he made a brief im- promptu speech to the men at Camp | Fechner at Big Meadows, on the crest |of what are known as the Shenandoah Mountains. ‘ “To look at you men.” Mr. Roosevelt | said, “assures me that the conservation | camps have been a success. I wish I| |could get away from my White House | | duties for a couple of months to live | with you at one of these fine camps. 1 | know it would do me as much good as it has you. Yet, upon second thought, | I notice that you young men have, by your outdoor life gained weight, and the trouble with me is I want to take | off_ weight.” The President spoke, seated at a long wooden table, upon which he had just | eaten a camp luncheon. Given Rousing Cheers. When he had ended, the 200 khaki- clad ‘young men who stood in a wide circle about the table, as he spoke, | 8ave three rousing cheers in the Presi- | dent’s honor. | Of the five conservation camps visited | by the President yesterday, two be- | sides Camp Fechner, were located in the Shenandoah National Park, in the heart of the Blue Ridge, while the | other two were located on private lands, |one at Grottoes and the other at Sperryville. Mr. Roosevelt started on this inspec- tion_tour immediately upon his arrival | ‘Bt Harrisonburg, Va., on his special | train from Hyde Park, at 9:30 o'clock yesterday morning. After nearly four hours of motoring through that sec- ‘!mn, most of the time over the newly | | constructed Skyland Drive, running |along the crest of the mountains, the President headed for Washington by way of Sperryville, Warrenton, Fair- fax Court House and Falls Church, ar- riving back at the White House at 4:2QO ‘o'clock. uite a large company of high offi- cials, including Secrem;y of lghe In- terior Ickes and Secretary of Agricul- ture Wallace met the President at Har- risonburg, and accompanied him | throughout the inspection tour and the motor journey to Washington. Others in Party. Others in this inspection party with the President were Maj. Gen. Paul B. Malone, commander of the 3d Corps | Area, with headquarters in Baltimore; | Robert Fechner, director of the Civilian Conservation Corps; Guy McKinney, one of his assistants; William Green, president of the American Federation (Continued on Page 2, Column 5.) SEARCH FOR COMMUNISTS Berlin Police Examine All Vehicles Coming Into City. BERLIN, August 12 (#).—Trucks, milk and vegetable wagons and motor cycle reaching the capital today from the outside were searched by police for evidences of Communists’ activity. Two hundred Commnuists were ar- rested at Essen, many of whom were said by the authorities to have had Nazi membership books. Others were caught printing and disseminating for- bidden literature. The seized material contained secret codes and lists of Nazi officials who were to be removed in the event of a Communist revolution. There also were instructions for illgal propaganda. Asked to Join Byrd. ‘OSLO, Norway, August 12 (#).—Capt. Hjalmar Frederick Gjersten, a Nor- wegian officer with considerable experi- ence in Antarctic waters, has been in- vited to join At Richard E. Gov. Miller Urges Economy by N.R. A. On Its Telegrams By the Associated Press. CHEYENNE, Wvyo, August 12—Gov. L. A. Miller, a Dem- ocrat, wants the N, R. A. to economize, Miller doesn’t think the Re- covery Administration needed to send him a 644-word telegram about a hearing on the New Or- leans milk code, or another of 1,388 words concerning the Knox- ville, Tenn., milk situation. Nearly every day, the Governor said, his office has received tele- graphic notice of code hearings on cotton textiles or similar mat- ters in which Wyoming has only remote interest While in Washington this week in connection with a hearing on the Casper-Alcova project, Miller protested to Government officials. The Governor said J. C. O'Ma- honey, first assistant to Post- master General Farley, promised to convey the protest to a cabi- net meeting. EMERGENCY STAFFS FACE PAY TRIMIMING Experts Begin Study of Sal- aries in Recovery Groups to Bring Then in Line. The administration is preparing to put a brake on any excesses in the sal- ary scale of the new emergency | agencies. | This became known yesterday when |it developed that the Budget Bureau has enlisted the services of two Civil Service Commission classification ex- perts—Robert S. Hare and Miss Mary {ing the wage set-up in the recovery | groups, and making recommendations for bringing the figures in line with | those prevailing in the regular Gov- ernment establishments. Employes in the new groups are { neither classified nor subject to the 15_per cent pay_cut. Few salaries have been made pub- lic. In industrial control Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, the head, was originally | scheduled to receive $15.000, but cut his own pay to $6.000. In this group there is one $12.500 salary, which is | an_exception to the fixed scale for the 130 employes running from $1,400 to $6,000. Eastman Getting $8,500. The rail co-ordinator. Joseph B. East- man, draws $8.500, which represents his salary of $10,000 as a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, with the 15 per cent pay cut, and his 19 principal aides get from $4,200 to $15.000, the latter figure being paid to " (Continued on Page 2, Column 3.) SALES TAX.IS UPHELD Illinois Circuit Court Passes on State’s Recent Legislation. SPRINGFIELD, August 12 (®).— Ilinois’ 2 per cent sales tax, hur- riedly passed by the Legislature after a 3 per cent measure was declared unconstitutional, was held constitution- al today by Circuit Judge Lawrence E. Stone. Proceeds of the tax go for emergency relief. The suit testing the present law was filed by Gus Reif, a Springfield fur- niture dealer. | R. Mathis—for the purpose of study- (P) Means FIVE CENTS WASHINGTON AND SUBURBS Subscriber or Newsstand Copy Not for Sale by Newsboys Associated Press. TEN CENTS ELSEWHERE MERGED AR LINES NAY SCRAP ROUTES TOENDDUPLICATION Eleventh Street and Le Droit Park Runs May Go as Economy Move. Anticipating early ratification of the| street car merger agreement, the Pub- lic Utilities Commission and repre- sentatives of the traction lines, it was| | learned yesterday, have started work; |*on preliminary plans for putting the unified operation into effect. These plans involve such important | details as rerouting of lines to elimi- | nate duplication of service, track/ 'chnnges and a rearrangement of car| |and bus schedules. | | Only two more steps are necessary| _ before consummation of the long-| sought unification of the street railway | lines, and both, in the opinion of pub-| lic utilities experts, will be taken in the | near future. In fact, unified operation seems almost certain before the close ot the year. Financial Set-up Needs 0. K. ‘The first of these steps is approval | | by the commission of the financial set- ’up of the new company, to be known | as the Capital Transit Co. The finan-| cial arrangements are now being com- | pleted by merger committees of the two | companies, and probably will be sub-| mitted to the commission for its scru- | tiny within the next two weeks. | | When the commission indorses the | financial structure of the consolidated company. stockholders of the Wash-| ington Railway & Electric and the| Capital Traction Cos. will then be, asked to give their approval, as re- quired by the congressional resolution | authorizing the merger. This procedure is not expected to take very long. The financial condi- tion of the two companies is too seri- lous to delay consummation of the merger unnecessarily. Recognizing this, | the commission took the initiative in starting to work out with the car com- | panies some of the details in connec- | tion with operation of the lines under merger. | Changes to Aid Service. | The preliminary work on rerouting and allied problems has been assigned | to Thomas R. Tate, one of the commis- | sion’s engineers. | Alteration of routes and schedules is | " (Continued on Page 2, Column 6.) BRUENING MAY RETIRE BERLIN, August 13—(Sunday) (®). —The newspaper Vossische Zeitung sai today that former Chancellor Heinricl Bruening is contemplating entering a | monastery for a time to continue scien- tific work, probably dealing with eco- nomics. Dr. Bruening, who was leader of the now dissolved Catholic Centrist Party, will soon resign his seat in the Reich- stag, the newspaper said. . Steamer Strikes Reef. QUEBEC, August 12 (#).—The steamer North Shore, with Msgr. Andre Cassulo, papal delegate, and other Catholic officials aboard, was reported | to have struck a reef tonight and | |grounded in the fog 235 miles east of Quebec on the north shore of Gaspe Peninsula. The report said that all passengers and members of the crew were safe. By the Associated Press. A private effort to bring the mani- fold factions of the bituminous coal industry together on a code of com- petition was started yesterday by the National Recovery Administration after public hearings on the antagonistic de- mands had ended. Dispute continued as testimony was terminated after four days of strife between different interests of the in- dustry. The work of drawing up a proposed code promptly was taken over by N, R, A.—admittedly one of the toughest jobs it has assumed during its brief but dynamic career. “This is the first time we have had more than two codes for a single in- dustry up for public hearings,” said Rear Byrd’s expedition to the Antarctic, the Aftenposten saild today. He will be the Norwegian member of the . Kenneth ll.rflmtlm,the_deyuty ad- PRIVATE STEPS TAKEN FOR COAL CODE AS PUBLIC HEARINGS FAIL ministrator who presided at the hear- ings. “This indicates the great com- plexity of the problem before us.” A study of the voluminous testimony will be made by the Recovery Adminis- tration, and the various groups of operators will be asked to appear here on August 22 for a general conference. In the meatime, they were requested to be available for emergency calls to ‘Washington in the event they were needed singly or_in groups in the administration’s effort to work out a satisfactory code. Approximately 30 proposed codes have been submitted, some differing sharply, some almost identical, some designed to apply to the industry throughout the country and some to apply only to regions or branches of the soft coal business. The hearings demonstrated that there is strife in the industry not only be- tween employers and employes and | (Continued on Page 5, Column 6) ! RECOVERY MOVES PLAGE 2000000 UNDER BLUE EAGLE Modified Agreements Five Big Industries Go Into Effect. for CODES FOR MAIJOR LINES ARE STILL HANGING FIRE Temporary Wage and Hour Pacts Promulgated for Employers of Four Commercial Units. By the Associated Press. A multitude of additional workers yesterday were swept within the em- brace of the N. R. A.'s Blue Eagle, but the problem of fastening codes of fair competition under the Nation’s major industries still hung perplexingly over the national recovery program. For five important industries, Hugh S. Johnson, the administrator, signed into effectiveness a modified prsiden- tial re-employment agreement. fixing wages and hours which employers may adopt to obtain the Blue Eagle pending completion of permanent codes. Thesc were designed to increase the Nation's purchasing power by millions of dollars and put thousands of workers back on jobs through their provisions for maximum hour regulation and minimum wages. They affected the electric light and power, gas utility—including natural and manufactured gas—telephone, can- ning and construction industries. 2,000,000 Workers Affected. In addition. temporary wage and hour agreements were promulgated for em- | ployers in the paper and pulp, fruit and flavoring syrups, garter, suspender and belt, and marking device industries. In all, more than 2,000,000 workers were affected, N. R. A. estimated. Carrying above the three score and ten mark the number of industries for which temporary wage and hour pro- visions have been provided—in addition to the six permanent codes—the came paign still left untouched the steel, oil, lumber, automobile, coal and other basic industries, employing millions of men, except for temporary wage and hour provisions in effect for petroleum. Here is the status: The automobile industry has submit- ted a code and a hearing date has been set for August 18. Henry Ford has given no indication yet of his attitude. Steel Evidence Studied. The steed code has been through hearings and the evidence is now being annotated. Some time will probably be required before Deputy Administrator K. M. Simpson is ready with his report for Johnson. An agreement then will be sought from the industry. Robert P. Lamont, president of the Iron and Steel Institute, has notified Johnson the industry can go no further in com- Promises. The oil industry. the third largest in the country, is still far from an in- ternal agreement, with price regulation and production control the principal is- Sues. A modified form of price regu- lation for the industry was understood in authoritative circles today to be con- templated by the administration in a program to be presented to the indus- try Wednesday in a continuation of hearings. Meantime a wage and hour agreement is in effect. The lumber industry’s code is vire tually ready for presentation to Johne son by the deputy administrator, Of- ficials expect President Roosevelt to get it soon for signature. The bituminous coal hearings upon more than a score of rival codes pre- sented by various segments of the ine dustry ended yesterday with an agree- ment apparently far away and the labor provisions revolving about the “collective bargaining” principle of the recovery act still unsettled. Court Action Hinted. This question of just what the guar- antee of collective bargaining is going to mean in actual operation—whether it will develop into an attempt to unionize the Nation or militate in the future against national organization and toward company-by-company bar= gaining is to get a thorough airing be- fore the coal code is completed. Some operators have hinted at court action to prevent their being forced to accept outside unions. Despite these obstacles yet to be overcome —and _ President Roosevelt "~ (Continued on Page 5, Column 3. MAINE WETS FACE STRUGGLE SEPT. 11 80 Delegates to Be Chosen to Pass on Repeal—Not to Be Pledged. By the Associated Press. AUGUSTA, Me., August 12—Wet forces today had another hurdle to clear in their struggle to have this long-time prohibiticn State approve the amend= ment to the Federal Constitution which would repeal the present prohibitory amendment. On September 11 the voters of the State will mark their ballots to name 80 men and women to pass on the re- pealing amendment. The delegates will not be pledged and there will be no designation on the ballots as to the at- titude of the various persons on the moot question. Last night was the closing time for filing of ncminating petitions and, al- though the prohibition forces of the State held their united front and filed for only the required number of candi- dates, eight independent wets jumped the traces and filed in addition to the 80 sponsored by the united repeal group. Six cf these were in York County, and some observers professed to see a strong possibility that the prohibi- tionists could not help but win there with the split on the wet vote. The county is to name seven delegates and the wets thus had-practically two full slates. The other “extra” wets were in Knox and Washington Counties. GUIDE FOR READERS