Evening Star Newspaper, August 12, 1933, Page 6

I A—§ [ITHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. E WASHINGTON, D. C. PWI.DA!. «eo.August 12, 1833 FHEODORE W. NOYES. Evening Star Newspaper Company 11th_8t. ‘and syivania_ Ave. ey D o K KW opean 14 Regent 8¢.. London. ‘Enaland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Evening St aee o Evening and Sunday’ Star . (when 4 ndsys)..... t the ent ach . o sent in by mail or telephoné HAtional 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and \'lrslnln 1yr, l} 3 ily only . junday only All Other States I:Ill Canada. 13r. 413 i 1mo., $1,00 Funday onlx . i Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled the use for Y!T“hllnltlflh of all news dis- 0 it or not otherwise cred- d also tne loctl news of publication of o _reserved. aily only Intervention Averted. President Machado is about te ab- flicate. The Cuban army, navy and fiving corps, without firing & shot, have pssumed control. A new President will at once be installed. American inter- vention, by every present indication, s averted. That is the kaleidoscopically sudden situation which has arisen at Havana since yesterday and is destined to crystallize in a complete new deal in the troubled island before another tropical sun descends this day. Early reports are to the effect that Machado's secretary of war, Gen. Al- berto Herrera, will be designated as the immediate though perhaps short- lived successor of the deposed autocrat. Opposition former President Mario Menocal, now at Miami, profess to see little change for the better in a Herrera succession. *Herrera is Machado,” declares Senor Menocal. “There will be no permanent peace in Cuba until all the leaders of the discredited regime are out of the island.” The army, which at noon on Friday demanded Machado's resignation with- in twenty-four hours expiring at mid- day today, acted in concert with all the other armed forces of the republic in deciding that their course of action was the sole alternative to American intervention. The military establish- sment moved swiftly and smoothly to carry out its purpose, its activities in- cluding the mounting of artillery that commanded the presidential palace, wherein Machado thus practically be- came the prisoner of the armed forces he so long commanded, but which now bad turned against him. To Gen. Herrera fell the task of acquainting the Pres- ident with the true state of affairs. Machado agreed to confer at Camp Columbia with delegates from the vari- ous army untis, and there and then were arranged the preliminaries of | abdication. Gen. Herrera, Havana dis- patches suggest, may hold the vacated presidency only briefly and then retire in favor ot Senor Carlos de Cespedes, also a Machadoista, but more accept- able to the country than the minister ©of war. Events will march swiftly during the week end. Details apart, they have taken a turn which evokes the deepest satisfaction in this country. The Ma- chado despotism is uprooted by act of the Cubans themselves, the grave consequences that would otherwise have ensued incident to in- evitable American intervention. President Roosevelt, who is about tp gesume his duties at the White House for a few mid-vacation days, must greet these developments ith the same grati- fication they will produce throughout | the country. He is bound to feel that, the astute firmness which has consist- ently actuated the conduct of his Am- | bassador at Havana, Sumner Welles, has at length borne desirable fruit, for there ‘ean be no question but that the media- tory efforts initiated and pursued to the last by the American envoy finally hastened the climax which seems des- tined in the long run to prove Cuba’s salvation and give her a new birth of freedom. Complete calm, and especially eco- womic rehabilitation—the island’s cry- ing need—are not to be expected at once, But the way thereto is paved with the destruction of the Machado dictatorship. In the heavy work of yeconstruction the Cuban people may ‘confidently rely upon the cordial sym- pathy and practical support of the Gov- ernment of the United States and all its people. ———. Machado might greater man if he should decide to abandon his present title and become 8 dictator like Mussolini. O f William Wilberforce. Throughout the English-speaking world recently the centenary of the death of William Wilberfcrce was ob- served. Especially in Jamaica, Sierra Leone and other portions of the British Empire where slavery formerly pre- wailed is his memory recalled with ap- preciation. He was the sponsor of the celebrated emancipation act of 1833 by the provisicns of which the slave trade was abolished and its victims were liberated. The son of a Hull merchant, Wilber- force was endowed for philanthropy by the inheritance of a large fortune. His mind freed from the cares of the ordi- nary man, he was able to devote all his energies to the service of social free- dom. Fresh from Cambridge, he early made a name for himself in Parlia- ment by his support of Pitt in opposi- tion to the American war. Travel on the continent and the friendship of | Isaac Milner and Thomas Clarkson influenced his thought toward ever more liberal attitudes, and he became, 88 Lord Brougham said, “one of the greatest benefactors of the human ‘sace.” But he never was fanatical in the #dvocacy of his radical views. On the contrary, Sir James Mackintosh de- scribes him as “the very model of & re- former * * * ardent without turbulence, mild without timidity or coldness; neither yielding to difficulties, nor dise turbed or exasperated by them * * ¢ just end charitable even to his most malig- nant enemies.” Mme. de Stagl con- udex-? him “the best converyf"_ she 4 J elements represented by ! who realized | prove himself & had met in England. The general verdict seems to be that he was, “an unparalleled . It passes without challenge that he was one of the most eloquent of the statesmen of his day, and the time, it may be re- membered, was an age of oratorical glants. He was the contemporary of Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox, of Danton and Robespierre, of Patrick Henry. It 1s interesting to note that his campaign against the trafic in human chattels was carried on through forty- four years. It began in 1789, and it was not until the end of the week after his demise that it culminated in triumph, a victory which he personally was not privileged to see but of which he passed to his rest abundantly con- fident. At first it was only a minority agitation, judged to be *“sentimental.” In the finish it had the support of an entire nation, educated and organized to demand the change. Another man might have been discouraged by the struggle, exhausted by the labor, but Wilberforce was too great and true a philosopher to indulge in even & mo- mentary pessimism. Instead, he taught himself to be content with slow prog- ress. His chief concern was that every step should have & permanent and lasting effect. ‘The world today has problems to which such a generous and tolerant approach is eminently to be wished. And that is the importance of Wilber- force in the twentieth century. His example should be a gulding star to those who, like himself, carry the pain of multitudes in their hearts. ——or—s Fanatical Patriotism. Since time immemorial, patriotism, exalted to the degree of fanaticism, has been characteristic of a certain type of | Japanese mind, especially among the | military caste. A survival of the Sa- murai spirit, the cult in our time has had no more perfect exemplification |than in the naval court-martial now | under way at Yokosuka. On trial are Lieut. Horishi Yama- gishi and ten other naval officers charged with the assassination in May, 1932, of Premier Suyoshi Inukai and with other terroristic acts. In defense of himself and his comrades, Lieut. Yamagishi testified this week that fears | of “America’s ambition” motivated the | crimes. The lieutenant, who confessed that he gave the “fire” command which loosed the fatal shots, declared that he and his brother officers were afraid that the United States would attempt what he called further domi- nation of Japan and the Orient in 1936, when revision of the Washington and London naval treaties is due. He proclaimed it as his patriotic con- viction that the Japanese leaders, in- | cluding Premier Inukai, who accepted | the existing treaties, “betrayed the nation” and merited assassination. { Their like, the naval lieutenant told the court-martial, must never again be | given power to sign away “the birth-| |right of the empire” Finally, the | accused officer said, his group was determined “to attempt the recomtruc-' tion of Japan before the crisis of 1936 | arose.” { In amplification of his “reconstruc- | tion” statement Lieut. Yamagishi ex- | plained that it entails the elimination | of political parties “standing between | the Emperor and the people.” Denying | that his guiding principles are either | Fascist or radical, Yamagishi added: “We desire simply to establish a state !in which the Emperor’s subjects all are one national people, becoming one nation and all the people becoming the | Emperor’s children.” That smacks a | bit of the Hitlerite “co-ordinated” state. While there is no justification for| | suggesting that the Japanese authori- ties have given these remarkable pro- ceedings widespread publicity in the newspapers which, according to the | Associated Press, have received them | “sympathetically,” it is obvious that| such outbursts of fanatical patriotism | as Lieut. Yamagishi's imaginative alibi | constitute effective big-navy propa- ganda at the very moment the’ Tokio government is seeking to popularize the greatest program of fleet expansion in the empire's history. The myth of “America’s ambition to dominate Asia,” which recently found other expression in a wild Japanese newspaper tale of a | Chinese-American aviation alliance, also, adds useful fuel to the fire of public opinion, which Japanese mili- tarists are now building for the purpose of mobilizing public support of their demand for full naval parity with Great | Britain and the United States three years hence. & R Radio is rendering a great public service in spite of the fact that occa- sionally an economic argument as dis- cussed in various localities appears in | danger of becoming entangled in its | own network. —or—s. Plenty of Pitchers. A base ball game was played yester- day in Boston between the Nationals and the Red Sox which must have car- ried the memories of the older followers of the sport back to the days when the Washington team played on what was then known as the Printing Office Lot, where now stands the City Post Office. In those days a professional base ball team carried at most three pitchers and sometimes worried along with only two. The Capital's aggregation then bore on 1ts roster the names of Whitney and Mack, famous as the “shadow battery,” because each of the pair was tall and slim. The Mack of that combination, by the way, was none other than Cor- nelius McGillicuddy, for many years and now mansager of the Philadelphia Athletics. When a pitcher was assigned to duty on the mound in those times he went through to the bitter end, how- ever hard he was pounded, however wild he became, whatever the score. And scores were often large then. In yesterday's game at Boston eleven pitchers were used, five by the home team and six by the visitors. In the uproarious ninth inning, when Wash- ington piled up six runs for an unex- pected victory, the Boston management presented no less than four twirlers in swift succession. The directors of the play shifted their boxmen to meet the exigencies of the batting order. When & left-handed batter was due at the plate, » right-handed pitcher was in- troduced, and vice versa, with a bewil- dering succession of talent. Searchers of records may find games in which as 'many or perhaps more pitchers have [ office butlding, where delivery of supplies | THE EVENING been used in & single contest, but it is doubtful, ‘When & base ball manager shuffies his playing cards in emergencies and wins he is acclaimed as a great leader. ‘When the combination fails he is jeered as & bad guesser. Yesterday in Boston the bean-eater commander, with a one- run lead over the visitors in the eighth inning, with one out and the bases loaded, “pulled” for a pinch hitter his pitcher who had been holding the ‘Washington batters cleverly. He wanted more runs. He got one, but it was a costly run, for the succeeding four pitchers did s0 poorly that when the smoke had cleared six thllies were “over the pan” and the game was lost by Boston. The game was not of much importance to Boston, but was of de- cided importance to Washington, and for that slip in managerial judgment the Capital is grateful. ———— e A Simple Traffic Expedient. In the efforts to facilitate the move- ment of traffic in the business section during the rush hours of the morning, one very simple expedient which would add materially to the freedom of the streets for vehicular movement would be 1o regulate the hours of delivery services to all establishments not so located as to permit access through alleys or area ways sufficiently spacious to accommodate large trucks. A number of cities throughout the country have adopted regulations re- quiring all deliveries of supplies to be made either before seven o'clock or after nine o'clock in the morning. The experiment has proved highly success- ful in preventing the piling up of traffic on heavily traveled thoroughfares dur- ing the two hours when the entire busi- ness population is crowding into the downtown district. Every morning in this city during the peak of the rush delivery trucks clutter up the traffic lanes by parking | —more often double parking—near the | establishments which ¢hey serve. Ice! cream trucks, ple wagons, huge whole- | sale grocery and drug vans, bread ‘wagons, ice “carts,” linen supply trucks, furnace oil trucks, even garbage col- Jecting vehicles of the municipal gov- ernment, are parked in places where they occupy more than half of the width of the streets, preventing the easy flow of moving traffic and fre- quently causing snarls and tie-ups. There is no business establishment in Washington, from the lowliest lunch room to the most palatial Government | could not be made just as well before | seven o'clock or after mine o'clock in| the morning as between those hours, and more particularly between eight- thirty and nine o'clock, which, appar- ently, is the period now most favored for these services. —— e Strikers who use firearms in the course of New York's milk holiday would be better off by recalling the 4th of July method of safety first in con- nection with explosives. ——— The religious exhorter Aimee Semple Hutton announces a “temporary recon- ciliation” with her husband. The an- nouncement thus modified partakes of a spirit of modern prophecy which seems unusually reliable. B In regulating payments by employers | there are several more or less delicate distinctions to be observed as between wages, salary, fees for professfonal services and plain graft. — e Hitler is trying to explain that his propaganda scattered from airplanes over Austria was only some of those | scraps of paper that in reality do notl mean a thing. —————————— Al Capone expects to go back into the beer business. His only chance to do so will be to put up his N. R. A. emblem, and mean it. B A conference is never complete until | the next conference has been called to check up on it. —— et SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Abstrusely Speaking. At first a problem seems to be As plain to all as “A, B, C.” As we proceed to calculate The complications grow more great. As money matters still expand In this and many another lan@ Some obligations overdue Bring to attention “I. O. U.” The unknown quantities we see Implied in terms of X, Y, Z. ‘We hope and grope as I the past, To find a Q § M at lask. Something Leasned. “Did you conduct a campaign of education?” “In one respect,” said Senator Sor- ghum, “it was that. It has resulted in giving me some of the big lessons of a lifetime.” - Jud Tunkins says how can you find a great public to run a government in- telligently when most of them cannot even learn the traffic rules. I Bird Lore. The eagle now is on display, An influential fowl. To heed him is the likeliest way To be a wise old owl. Interesting Transaction. “Well,” said Farmer Corntossel, “you can’t get somethin’ for nothin’ except in this here agriculture game.” “Have you enjoyed such profits?” “Not yet. But in some parts of/the country I understand you kin git paid for cotton accordin’ to the amount you didn’t raise. “To speak the truth is easy,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but to rec- ognize it readily requires a highly in- telligent and discerning mind.” ‘Abundance. Now very lucky is the elf His like—we seldom find it— Who starts & business for himself And knows just how to mind it, For when he journeys through the streets Experience will surprise him. Fol one cash customer he meets A dozen folks advise him. “Seems like money was like dem specimens in a museum,” said Uncle Eben. “De scarcer dey gets de more talk about 'em dar is.” O ! he sees it, will seldom err in the main | the concept is a most important and STAR. WASHINGTON. D. C., SATURDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “For & man who wouldn’t hurt a 1 ly,” he said, “you can say the darndest|He has things.” No doubt there are thousands of per- sons who belong in that category, all unknow. 'nuy‘:%m have 50 frank s friend, who is good to their souls, even if he hurts their minds for the time being. The honest man will admit to him- self the truth of the charge. Yet. as he looks at it, his case is not 80 bad} . L He simply has a way of recognizing what he thinks to be the truth. And of stating it. Some one said that crimes are com- mitted in the name of liberty, but often enough they occur in the ostensible in- terests of truth. {h’rmth is something which ev-rylzne thai inks he recognizes when he sees Life 18 a search for it. In large or small, in important or trivial, matters, truth calls as from a mountain top, and every man answers. * ok % % In the name of truth, thls man de- clares that Cape Jiminy Crickets is the best place to go for the old vacation. In the name of truth, this other man asserts that Seaside-on-the-River is a much better place. - Each argues with heat about the merlt of his own selection. Each man belleves himself to be able to see some few feet, at least, into the impenetrable recesses of the great mys- tery called difference of opinion. Every one has his own opinion, and, strangely enough, every one believes that his opinion is right, or, at the worst, almost right. Men who speak frankly may be di- vided into two classes, in the main, those who speak intelligently, and those who speak non-intelligently. The closer our friend comes to the achievement of pure intelligence, the closer he will come to saying “the darndest things” despite his well known and authenticated kindnesses. It will be necessary to look into his mind. and understand something of | how it works. Pure intelligence knows nothing of | the difference between kindness and| lack of kindness. Just as among the fishes, the most intelligent are the cruelest. almost without exception, so among human beings the honest person who uses real intelligence as he goes along is likely to be the most outspoken. * k% * His is a habit of mind which must be understood, before it is possible to ac- quit him of a charge of downright meanness. It is to secure this verdict that the judge and jury will have to take into consideration the two types, plain speakers who are intelligent, and those Who are not intelligent. There are a great many more of these {ntxer, unfortunately, than of the other vpe. He or she who speaks unintelligently merely pounces on opinions. Once seized they must be upheld. The truth speaker. who uses his head, in an effort to find out the truth, as phases of 'a problem. * X X % | strenuous attempts If. in discussion. he has to say some- thing at which another may take of-| High Lights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands MPARCIAL, Montevideo.—Our col- league, El Bien Publico, publishes today these noble and patriotic sentiments: “In another column I duce sole observations of the daily Im- | parcial which appeared yesterday after- we repro- noon, with reference to the advantages of a conciliating counterpoise between the greater political divisions whose animosities are disrupting the peace of the country. “It 1s not necessary at present to go into detail regarding the specific recom- mendations made. Suffice it to say that selutary one, but will require much courage and devotion to make it a reality. The hour is grave. Events of the past few months have deposited a |re, sediment of distrust and unrest in the life of the people which will require all our patience and patriotism to dissipate. But the formula s good, and is the only one which offers hope of attainment. “Never were such promises of recon- ciliation more needed. We know that a certain obfuscation deters the prog- ress and achievement of all parties. None is wholly right, nor wholly wrong. Let them, therefore, carefully examine all their doctrines and ambitions, and refrain from further friction regarding those on which they find themselves to be united. “Then, this redundancy of motive and project cleared away. they should with prudence and candor reason out a unanimity upon those questions upon which n®w they are so divided. “In a country like this of ours, with territory compact and interests mutual. no political philosophy warrants radical divergence of views concerning the methods to be preferred in advancing our welfare and happiness, one creed is true and the other false. Either that, & each group of theories leads us to thay, same Utopia by variant routes, while' otherwise we might all arrive there in fraternity and peace. “Let us, theresare, consider, too, the expedieneies stressed by these competi- tive organizations, and ratify our rea- sonable conclusions with votes instead of voices. Let us thereafter put per- sonal prejudice and predilection aside, and insist only upon that which is best for us all. Then, but not till then shall we enjoy true liberty—that larger lib- erty which is not tainted with manifold excrescences of partisan prerogative. We have described too often, and ex- perienced too severely, in days departed, the results of liberties partial and par- ticular which in their disunity made us either slaves or miserable victims of depravity and violence. Let those dead days bury their dead forever before the advent of the new dawn which finds us a pure and united people!” * ok ok % Von Hindenburg Urged For Nobel Peace Prise. i Frankfurter Zeitung, Frankfurter- am-main.—The Bergen paper, Morgen- vis, one of the chief Norwegian journals, has suggested as a principal candidate this year for the Nobel Peace Prize none other than President Paul von Hinden- burg of Germany. Should the German President win this most honorable dis- tinction, he will be the first soldier to be_thus recognized. In the opinion of Morgenvis, “Presi- dent von Hndenburg is a solid rock of integrity and all his acts are founded upon an affection for humanity which reaches far beyond the confines of his own country. His is the most laudable personality observable since the close of the World War and, though in that conflict he commanded the German armies, this preferment was but the logical con: ice of a long discipline in duty and devotion. In that con- flict he esteemed that his trained serv- | get. 1ces belonged exclusively to the Father- land, and _he was right. Since then, however, Paul von Hindenburg has shown the nations that he can be a leader in peace as well as in war and no greater champion for international tranquillity has appeared in the past decade.” IR RN Beauty of Mountalns In Hungsry Told. Hiralyl Allamvasutak, Buda- pest.—’ Mountains compose one of the most interesting features of Hungary. They do not compare in height with the Alps, for scarcely any of their elevations exceed 3000 feet, but their picturesque beauty is not at fense, he cannot help that in the least. looked at the problem free from ties. If others insist on inject- personalities into what he says, he is at a loss as to how he may prevent such jump! to conclusions. Nor can the fact, as well known to him as to others, that the great bulk of humanity prefers noth- ing better than to “see” alities in every word, phrase and sentence into wt&chtth:y cln"I;]el seen. iog Abais st persons 80 out of way, indeed, to read into something or other a great deal that was never there in the first place. That is why, in a given book, no two persons find exactly the. same content. Each reads it from his own viewpoint; no doubt many an au- thor wouid be astonished to know the various interpretations put upon words which to him meant but one thing, and t plain enough. B What does = man who “says the darndest things” really do? He attempts to divest truth of human personality. Many years ago, in his youth, he stood on the court house corner st mid- night and argued socialism and the like with a comrade. The talk drifted to other matters, and his opponent upheld a theory dear to many minds, over the centuries, that objectivity only existed because he saw. If he were wiped out, he held, there would be nothing left. The truth seeker saw the matter in exactly the opposite way. He would, of course. He remembers placing his hand on a lamp-post, and asserting, “If you and T were wiped out at this moment, this :?mp-pnst would still be here, wouldn't ““Not for us.” “But it would still be here, just the same.” * k% x It was merely a youthful attempt to prove the unproveable, to divest truth of human personality. It was doomed to failure, because few persons want abstract truth. ‘They want their truth bannered with their own colors. They want it saturated with their oWwn perfumes, burning their own culiar lights. The hold of personality is too great, they insis§ on seeing every- thing in the world from their own in- dividual angle. The hero of these lines is not so. (And he is a hero only because he has S0 many counterparts.) He wants to look into the bare works of the uni- verse, and catch the wheels turning, and see what makes ‘em turn. * x %% He knows what he thinks about it all has exactly nothing to do with it. He knows that what others think about it all has precisely nothing to do with it. No man knows how the new deals are | going to work out. No man knows whether the old deals of the universe will work out. AUGUST M Futurity is sealed. There are time, space and objects, | and if one attempts to look at them | honestly, he must say what he sees. But if he does 50, let him be resigned to | by others to see personalities in what he says. It is their way of looking at things. Will the lamp-posts and the houses not vanish when they vanish? | all impaired for that reason. No land- scape in Switzerland or elsewhere, we belleve, is more entrancing. In the Buekk ridges, forests of century-old tree alternate with carpets of flowers; cascades and torrents dash pell-mell around boulders and over rocky precipices to wind, far below and quiet- ly enough, through gay meadows and across grassy plains. Fantastic ruins of medieval castles contribute here and there a quaint but charming touch of romance. We wonder, really, whether we are waking or asl when, unsus- pectedly, a fairy palace like some tender memory of childhood emerges from a valley and bursts suddenly upon us in all its ancient majesty and splendor. In the very heart of this glamorous on is perched the little town of Lillafuered. famous for its churches and other edifices of an age remote. Of particular interest to archeologists is & museum in the same commune which houses varied relics and fossils of the stone and ice periods. A curative thermal spring is located but 20 min- utes’ ride from this small municipality, at Goeroemboely-Tapolca, where the entire bathing establishment is situated in the center of a white poplars growi: luxuriantly be- side the warm 'llfl“lu of the lake. B Blue-Sky Publi Prom the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. ‘Thirty-five years ago & visitor from Mars dropping in on one of our large cities and reading the financial adver- tising in some of its papers would have found flamboyant offerings of stock issues accompanjed by predictions by the sponsors that the offering price o, S, o e o] L e L He would have returned to his planet 17 Suckers 'ahd wondering how they ly suckers and won could take such bait. ‘Twenty or ten years ago, revisit us, he would Rave discovered a radical ¢l in the tone and content of stock and bond exploitation. There would be no promises and no predic- tions; just statements of financial fact. But not all the facts would be given; only t! moters of the company have been such-and-such an amount, but “the brief history of the * * * industry ren- ders impossible an accurate of future operating resuits. * * shares are offered as a speculation.” “No person is entitled to rely on any information or representation not con- tained in a circular, or prospectus, which any investor or other person may see on application.” And so on. 80 runs some of the early advertis- ing under the terms of the new deal as_affecting securities sales, conform- ably with requirements of the Federal blue sky law. Concealment of & “ma- terial fact” that the investor ought to know is actionable at civil law. At least, sellers are offering wares to buy- ers with all the cards face up on the table. ‘The Martian must this time return home with reinforced conviction that “the world do move.” ——et— e Diet and Price. Prom the New York Sun. Price lists of food, issued by the Gov- Neither Toilers Nor S'lzinnen. | strange wish for you, little man. Consider the stock toll not, neither do they spin, A Crooners’ Code. hours and 5 not higher, pay for crooners. e Drought. h:nmm-mm apital. q 3 wait _on drought, lrewlngmr:n official organ of brewers, Which qaught? Prom the 8t. Louls Post. ulators. They 2 “y 1933. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. Through the Economic Work of League of Nations. By Wallace Mc- &ure. New York: The Macmillan Sir Arthur Salter. who writes the foreword to this volume, calls it & “comprehensive examination of the eco- nomic work of the League in all of its manifold aspects.” Dr. McClure was formerly acting economic adviser of the Department of State and was co- founder of the Academy of World Eco- nomics. His book is based on official documents of the League. In discuss- ing the economic work of the League, he has, of course, found it necessary to discuss most of the world economic problems of today, and its bearing on what has recently been going on at the International Economic Conference in London becomes obvious even in the first pages of the book. The introduc- tion and Part I deal with the historical background and political structure of the League and describe the nature and progress of its economic activities. Part II classifies and analyzes the eco- nomic work of the League, with especial consideration to those undertakings which aim to increase the results of the work of man and to bring about a more equitable sharing of the products of his labor. The League thus aims to stimulate both the production and the fair distribution of wealth. Some of the specific subjects which have been on the economic agenda of the League and which Dr. McClure writes about from a most logical and well organized outline are slavery and forced labor, white slavery and accompenying vices, opium and alcohol, working conditions and the organization of labor, the ag- ricultural crisis, maladjustments in_in- dividual industries, causes of unemploy- ment, spreading the work, wages and prices, international trade, tariffs, most- favored-nation clauses, transportation problems, national and international finance, taxation, armament, the eco- nomic boycott, German reparations. “World Presperity” is, in short, a very complete work on the economics of the present time, with no space devoted to the old economics of Adam Smith and of Ricardo, however valuable they may have been in the development of the past and in their influence on the pres- ent. It is & book vniarllch h‘t‘l important bearing not only on international nego- tiations, but on our own domestic re- covery program. *x YOUNG AMERICA'S STORY OF | FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, MAN | OF ACTION. By Baydebeth gnd Anson Lowitz. Qarden City: Dou- bleday, Doran & Co. Dedicated to the grandchildren of the White House, four of them, this interestingly told bicgraphy of the President will be read by many young people and at least some of their par- ents. Franklin D. Roosevelt's first en- trance into the White House was when he was five years old and his father took the biue-eyed boy in sailor suit to call on President Grover Cleveland. The President of that year of 1877 was wearied and worried and as he bade good-by to his guests he took the boy by the hand and said: “I'm mal nlx wish no one else would be likely to | make—I hope you'll never be President | of the United States.” In the light of later events this visit to the White House becomes very dramatic. A wholesome outdoor life on his father's estate at Hyde Park during his child- hood furnished the best backgrounds for the active public life which was to follow. Every cultural as well as every physical advantage was his. Before he was fourteen he had been abroad eight times and on one trip was nearly ship- wrecked. He met his future wife when he was four and she was brought by her parents to visit at Hyde Park. That a child “could be even smaller than he seemed almost incredible.” Leadership was forecast for the boy very early. One day. while he and an- other boy were building a mud fort, his mother noticed that her son was giving all the commands. and suggested that the other boy be allowed to give some. *‘Mummie,’ said the mud- smeared little boy, “if I didn’t give the orders, ncthing would happen.” ‘The early years of a man who has attained fame in public life always make good bilography material and some biographers give them dispropor- tionate space. One re: for this is that the public later years become so well known to every one who follows the news. This biography for “Young America” is full of good anecdotes, many only inciden others seeming heavy with prophecy. As State Sen- ator, Rooseveit once entertained sleepy Senators with bird stories while a page Tan to get “Big Tim"” Sullivan off the night boat for New York to vote for a bill that lacked just one vote. As he came into conflict with the New York State bosses, he was accused of being a lukewarm Democrat, and there was headshaking over his relationship to ‘Theodore velt. Pranklin Roose- velt replied to one critic: “I am a Democrat first. last and all the time.” ‘The later events of one of the most re- markable careers in our history—the road to the presidency through the as- sistant secretaryship of the Navy and the governorship of New York—are known to every one. Even in a biog- raphy intended for young people, an index would have been valuable. * x % % THE MYSTERY OF THE CAPE COD PLAYERS. By Phoebe Atwood Tay- lor. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. It seems a pity to disturb the serenity of Cape Cod with & murder, but it is natural that Phoebe Atwood Taylor should have chosen it for her setting. Though she herself was born in East Boston, “once a respectable spot,” she says, all the members of her family have for over 300 years been born on the cape and she spends the Summers there and knows it all the way around its horn. She knows the people and their dialect. So her story has veri- similitude of detail, if the plot is of necessit) "uamtu;al‘l‘i‘ lurid for the cape. Bu an; unnatural to- day? A group of strol their way to e their “Guilds” became lost in & fog and stumbled upon the isolated Henderson Summer home, rented that Bummer for the first time, to independent Mrs. Ballard from Boston, who was there convalescing from an iliness. Several mystery stories of late have begun with an invalid convalescing in a lonely country . Bometimes the excitement of a m; uces & cure; in case there was tragedy for the invalid. In the morning, harboring the players overnight, when she went out for an early walk along the bluff, the first thing which she saw was the body of one of them, a man, lying in gn e tall sea grass only a few feet steps leading to the beach. She re- membered hearing a ocar backfiring very near the house several times in the night, Asey Mayo, Cape Cod celebrity, former constable, met her as she was sitting Ump! the to00 horrified to move. gTass, ght from her son in she had stood the trip. 't ap] ently innocent telegram is a clue. took charge of the case, and immediately. He already utation as an avocational achievements. lawr no more,” ““Used to be constable over to there an’ 1 to Mrs, Ballard. |5 crushed rk and out of them” .m«fl'mmny"'&‘ de ation to drive out the Turk ———————————————————————————————————————————— ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Sk aF Many readers send in estions signed only with initials, uk?:l that the answers appear in the newspaper. The space is limited and would not ac- commodate & fraction of such requests. The answers published are ones that may interest many readers, rather than the one who asks the question only. All questions should be sccompanied by the writer's name and address and 3 cents in coin or stamps for reply. Do not use post cards. Send your question to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Fred- eric Director, Washington, D. C. Q. Who designed the insignia uaed‘ by the N. I. R. A?—J. M. M. A. The Blue Eagle insignia for busi- nesses which signed the blanket code under the N. I R. A. was designed and executed by Charles T. Coiner, art di- rector for N. W. Ayer & Son, Philadel- phia, Pa. Q. We wish to take a motor trip to Canada. What arrangements are neces- sary in crossing the border?>—C. W. . A. A tourist from the United States, if a citizen, does not require & passport. He can obtain at once a 60-day touring permit for his motor car free from any Canadian customs officer at the inter- national boundary point of crossing. A 20-day extension of this permit may be obtained gn g application to any customs officer in Canada. No duty is charged on guns, rifles for hunting, fishing tackle, golf clubs, cameras, and | Q. certain other holiday paraphernalia if previously used by the tourist, owned by him and carried for his own personal use. Q. How many apples are there in & barrei?—H. 8. A. In a barrel of 3-inch apples, 1f only a few are beyond this size, there are about 345. Q. What city has been called Little Paris?—W. M. A. Both Brussels and Milan have been so called from their gayety and resemblance in miniature to the French capital. Q. What was the name of Napo- leon'stmren by whom he had a son? Al She was Marle Walewska. The son was named Alexander. Q. What s known as the gentle craft>—S. C. | A. Shoemsking. St. Crispin, who was said to have been s Roman citizen of high birth, was converted to Chris- tianity, left his native city, and became a shoemaker at Soissons. FHe was mar- tyred about 285. Q. How long e there been public | slaughter houses?—F. C. A. They were first known in the days that ancient Rome flourished. Q. When was the Order of the Iron Cross established?—R. B. A. This Prussian order of merit was instituted on March 10, 1813, by Fred- erick Willlam III, to be conferred for distinguished services in war. ‘The decoration consists of a Maltese cross of iron, edged with silver, and is worn u{ound the neck or at the buttonhole. Q. How many buildings were de- | stroyed in the San Francisco earthquake and fire>—M. L. 8. A. Official records state that 28,188 buildings were destroyed, valued at $105,000,000. | Q. How long is the great stretch of | atn))‘gh;( railroad track in Australia?— | A. On the Australian Transconti- | nental Railway crossing the Nullarbor | Plfiin. there is a straightaway of 300 | miles. Q. What is a terrazzo floor’—G. K. A It is a surface of irregular marbie | or grounded fragments ¢¢embedded in cement marble and ground to a smooth fine surface. A terrazzo finish should BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. preferably be 2 inches thick. A ter- razzo should be laid, if possible, before the concrete floor has hardened. GQ. How high is Mount Olympus?— 'A. Mount Olympus is 9,703 feet above sea level. Q. How many Popes are buried in Rome?—H. K. M. A. Of the 265 Popes, 229 are buried in Rome; 26 in other Italian cities; 8 in Prance, and 2 in Germany. Q. How is robot, the automatic pilot, pronounced?—E. 8. A. According to Dr. Vizetelly, it 18 pronounced row-bot. e e . What is the difference between noon and high noon?—A. B. A. High noon is exactly 12 o'clock. Noon has become an expression of some latitude, and is applied to the time of events which take place at any time between 11:30 and 1:30 p.m. Q. What is the difference between sweet oil and olive 0il>—C. A. C. A. There is no difference. Q. What word is the opposite of claustrophobia?—E. S. A. Claustrophobia is the morbid fear or dread of being shut in or iso- lated. Its opposite is agoraphobia, & morbid fear or dread of open spaces. ‘Why is Fleet street so famous?— A. This London street runs from Ludgate Hill to the east end of the Strand. It is named from the Fleet River. In the early chronicles of Lon- don many allusions are made to the deeds of violence done in this street. By | the time of Elizabeth it had become & favorite spot for shows and processions. It was noted formerly for its taverns and coffee houses, frequented by man: persons of literary fame. It is now the chief center of British journalism. Q. To what extent is goods returned to stores?>—B. M. A. It is estimated that customers now return goods to retail stores amounting to $1.600,000.000 annually. About $450.000,000 of this represents | the value of goods returned to depart- ment stores. The cost of handling these | transactions is approximately $50,000,- 000 a year. MQ'H 1s & formal invitation dated?— A. A formal invitation bears no date except that of the function to which one is being invited. Q. Why is French King Bridge over ;;lepcannectlcut River s0 named’—J. ‘A.’ During the French and Indian | War, & party of Prench and Indians came down the Connecticut River on a | scouting expedition, their object being to spy out the most desirable point to launch an attack at a later time. The party was under the command of a French officer. They reached the vicin- ity of a rock as the shades of night appeared. Being of no mind to attempt the passage of the rapids just below the rock in the dark, they made camp on the western bank opposite it. The | rock being the most conspicuous object which had attracted his notice. the officer wished to mention it in his report | and fix it as something which might be referred to in the future; hence he staged a ceremony by lighting an altar fire on its top, sprinkled it with water of the river, and christened it French King in honor of his sovereign. The set-back from the dam at Turner Falls now covers all but the top of the rock. It may be seen from the upstream side of the bridge and has been known for years as nch King Rock; hence, French King Bridge. Q. What is the oldest rock forma- tion in this country?—G. F. V. A. The one under South Dakota which scientists have estimated to be almost a billion and a half years old. Home Loans and Mortgages Appear as Financial Puzzles Associated with the work of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation is the tendency in several parts of the coun- try to create a mortgage moratorium. in order that property which is in da of foreclosure may be saved while the Government system is being put into full operation. Practically all national comment emphasizes the tre- mendous task of saving the homes of the country. Its magnitude is indi- cated by the statement from the Rock- ford Register-Republic that “Govern- ment estimates place the number of urban dwellings in the United States At 12,000,000.” while “it is believed that approximately one-half of these have mortgages outstanding against them.” As evidence that rellef is under way, the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin | points to the case of a piece of prop- erty in ;‘u own city. owned by a woman who was “strugg! ainst a sellout for taxes.” It rec% :gn “the appraisers found the home was worth saving, the owner’s plea was deserving: unless unforeseen obstacles appear, she is going to have a chance on her credit for honest endeavor.” The con- ditions under which the work will pro- ceed are presented by the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, with the statement that “it is too early to estimate the benefits of the home-loan experiment, but, given liberal co-operation by mortgage owners. it may work a large measure of relief; without such co-op- eration its good effecis will be limited.” ‘The proposal for a State moratorfum on foreclosures, from Gov. Lehman of New York, is interpreted by the Rut- |C land Herald as “indicating that Uncle Sam’s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation does not work quickly enough to suit him, and that the need of relief in th: irection is serious and tmpor- tant ‘The Rochester Times-Union views the New York proposal as “fair and reasonable” and makes the com- ment: “A law drawn in accordance with the recommendations to the Legislature would not permit the owner of the equity in the property to disre- slrd payment of taxes and interest. ut it would bar foreclosures based upon demand for reduction or complete repayment of the principal until ex- iration of the moratorium period on y 1, ’x‘%“rermlt disregard of tax obligations would conflict with the need for public revenue. Non-j ent of interest would be depriving the Holder of the mortgage of his just re- turn. With these limitations, the pro- 1 ; |"'4 :;: l:ymch &mfl serve e public int home owners in this dim:ultp:rlod."‘ While warning sagainst the danger that “persons who have borrowed the sense of personal her a telegram |18 the how Welifieet, | moraf eyes on est. is & subject which causes national soreneéss and Bulgarians will not become pacifists until they have wrested it back from the !ernt\% : part of the contract between the mortgagor and mortgagee and cannot be abrogated by act of the Legisiature. The m"mnll act anting eighteen months’ right of lemption carefully guarded the right of the mortgagor by the provision that ‘any contract in ai mortgage or deed of trust waiving the right of redemption shail be null and vold’ It is entirely ble that most of the lawyers in Legislaure who voted for the moratorium resolution did not believe that it would stand the test in the courts. but. as it was only for six months, it could not be tested within that time. in any event. and therefore the mortgagor would get thsn bé:tflt}' o g Uj e situation in New York, the Wall gtrm Journal reviews the facts, with suggestions as to the future, in the statement: ‘“Gov. Lehman has recommended to the ure moratorium on home foreclosures until May 1, 1934, s0 far ss payments of principal are concerned, and only where taxes, interest and other charges have been paid. The Governor al recommended that the courts be per- mitted to determine the value of the Property so as to prevent unnecessary loss|to the owner through a deficiency jud&wnt. It is clear that neither the new Federal statute nor the proposed State foreclosure moratorium will really solve the larger problem of mortgaged homes. Adequate Federal action would involve further liberalization of the provisions of the home loan bank act, which could not be done until after ongress meets in January, if at all But the Legislature could modify the process so that the courts could deny the application to foreclose. or give any other relief within their power which the circumstances might warrant. It would be a mistake to assume that any one of the measures discussed is & cure-all for the situation. Some may help to ameliorate it, but in the long run the situation will have to liquidate itself, influenced by the return of nor- mal conditions.” Administration of the home loan act [ to the Oakiand Tribune to be vintended even to sid the recovery of homes already lost by foreclosure.” The Scranton Times voices the hope that ‘within a little while all financial in- stitutions will adopt s policy of co- operation.” The Fort Worth Star Tel- predicting “much disiliusion- ment,” presents one phase of the = tion which causes concern: who know Government methods of business transactions witn individuals foresee a large disillusionment within the immediate future. It seems to be inevitable. Too much has been taken for granted. Government means it, literally, when it says it will relieve those who are unable to receive relief elsew] it the Government will learn why that condition exists. Upon Ut oF 75" poseible uhaer. the s e under the - et appro ——— et Summer Neckwear. Prom the Pasadena Post. In the sort of weather that has been hout the country white-collar worker itted to remove his col- lar without losing his standing. Mayors and Bulls. Prom the Detroit News. on watched X fights. w into closer mm?‘%:h é."‘»m.‘: = No “R” in This Code. Prom the Newark Evenjng News. growers are experiencing g&:y':: h:' letnllumng a code. %a year o Wm' ng on an eight-month