Evening Star Newspaper, March 11, 1933, Page 6

" A—6 ¥ THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY......March 11, 1033 . Editor THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: and Pennsylvania Ave, : 110, East 42nd St : Lake Michigan Bulldink. Ecropean Office:_14 Regent St. London. Zazland, Rate by Carrier Within the City. TIhe Er:mny- Star . 45¢ per month Toee Evening and Sunday Star o e ‘A “‘"‘"5’§’ inday Star vening_and Su TrS enns “Sundays) €5¢c per month The Sunday Star........ .......5C per copy Collection made at the end of each month. | Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000. 60c per month Kate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Miaryland and Virginta. Dasiy ana Sunday....1yr.$10.00; 1 mo.. 8¢ Dally only 1yr. $6.00: 1mo., 80c Eunday only .. . $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday ..1yr. $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only 1yr. $800: 1mo. i8¢ Sundas only . 1yr., $5.00; 1mo. 50c | Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not gtherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rizhts of publication of special dispatches herein o _reserved. The Economy Bill. President Rocsevelt has called upon Congress to authorize drastic economies in the Government service end in pen- ons and compensation for veterans. Compared to the Rooscvelt eccnomy bill, the efiorts of the Congress in the past toward economies in Government expenditures were only meanderings along the path. For the Congress, for one reason or another, merely dabbled in the matter of governmental economy. Brought face to face with the erisis which confronts the country today, however, the President may be given his way in the matter. Certainly the banking crisis has cerved to awaken the membership of Congress as well as the whole American people to the need for drastic governmental economies and a balanced budget. Under the explanation of the economy Bl given by the Democratic leader of the Senate, Mr. Robinson of Arkansas, the billion-dollar annual bill for vet-| erans' compensation and pensions for all wars will be cut about $400,000,000, and the slashes proposed for all Gov- ernment employes and officials will cut the cost of Government by another $125,000,000. The salary cuts are not to exceed 15 per cent of the basic pay of the Government employes, and the furlough law is to be repealed. The cuts are for one year. The effect, there- fore, is to increase the salary cut of the Government employe from 8i-3 per cent under the furlough system to a straight 15 per cent with no fur- lough, provided the cost of living as compared to the average for the last six months in 1928 has fallen off as much as 15 per cent. For the yardstick is to be the ccst of living in meking wage and salary cuts, except that in no case is the reduction in wage and salary to go be- yond 15 per cent. To arrive at the percentage of reduction, the cost of Yving in the six months beginning June 30, 1928, is to be compared to the aver- ‘age cost of living for several six-month periods from January 1, 1932 on. Ap- parently the administration has been convinced that the fall in the cost of living in the four-year period has been at least 15 per cent. The flat cut made for members of Ccngress in the bill is 15 per cent—from $10,000 a year to $8,500. The President in his message to the Bongress said that these proposed econo- mies “will, it is true, affect some of cur citizens. But the failure to make them | will affect all of our citizens. The very stability of our Government is at stake, and when that is concerned the bene- fits of some must be subordinated to the needs of all.” | The President has stated the case succinctly. The emergency of the situa- tion is clearly before the whole Nation.| No national political election impends ‘The President has said that blocs and | selfish interests, which are synonymous, must not govern in this hour of need,| but that the good of the whole must | prevail. It is clear that the measure pre- sented to the Congress by the President yesterday is not the conception of an| hour or a day. It has been the sub-! ject of deep consideration for weeks | and months by the President and his advisers. It is, in effect, a major surgi- cal operation when other cures to limit government expenditure and to balance the budget have failed: And, when all ! is said and done, the government must | balance its budget, must maintain its | credit unimpaired if the Nation is to| survive. Democrats in Congress—with some exceptions—pave little heed to the demands for a balanced budget and cuts in the veterans' compensation and more limited appropriations when mnde‘ by President Hoover in the last Con- | gress. Tacy may give greater heed | to the der.cad of a President of their own politicel faith. ——————— Congress shows an inclination to | demolish old customs and prove that it can act on suggestions as fast as the | President can offer them. | e Du— Gold is better than the grcund hog. ‘When-it comes out of hiding it makes its own sunshine. e The Uneasy Earth Quakes Again. California has been smitten again by the forces that are keeping the earth in tremor. The crust has once more yielded to the strain and wrenched itself into & new adjustment, with the Joss of many lives and the destruction of much property. The scene of this disturbance is in the southern part of the State, centering around Long Beach, with Los Angeles included in the zon: of the disaster, but happily spared the Tate of San Francisco in 1906, when one of the major catastrophes of modern history occurred there. More than one hundred communities were affected, and as the wires bring the sad story east- ward the tremors continue, though with evidently abating force. Predictions of further subsidence of the earth in that region have been made from time to time. But they have not checked the development of the large centers of population, though in some degree construction has been made more stable by the adoption of methods and materials better suited to withstand the stress than in the past. In (s respect the disaster of 1906, re- | rages { territory. | needed as a reminder of the peril which sulting in the death of 452 persons and d*’wdon of property to the .amount of $350,000,000, chiefly by fire, led to the advantage of San Francisco, which has bica rebuilt in much more secure menner than before. In June, 1926, Santa Barbara, in the southern part of the State, was affected by an earthquake which took ten lives and destroyed property valued at about $30,000,000. It, too, was rebuilt, in more substantial manner. It would appear from the reports of the disaster, which is not yat past its final stage, that the center of the dis- turbance lles under the sea, at some undetermined distance from the coast. So far there has b2en no report of a tidal wave, such as usually accompanies an earthqueke thus originating. This is fortunate, as the rush of the waters following an upl 1 of the crust of the earth in such a location is some- times the cause of the greatest destruc- tion, of both lives and property. Succor for the stricken people of the area of the disaster will be rendered immediately. The State of Celifornia will probably be able adequately to care for the emergency needs ¢f those who have Iost their homes ani have been injured If, however, th: catastrophe is greater than the res. of the State are sufficient to meet, there will be no stint of national remedy for this great sorrow. ———— Nazis Drunk With Power. Nazi political supremacy and the Hitler dictatorship in Qermany have promptly gone to the heads of the Ger- man Fascists. The drunkenness in- duced by the sudden acquisition of power would be bad enough if it vented itself merely in broken heads and other excesses at home, with consequences of purely domestic nature. But already it has taken forms which have required three foreign countries, including the United States, to make diplomatic or other moves in protest or defense. In Berlin American citizens of Jewish faith have been brutally maltreated, and, in some cases, after remonstrances by the American Ambassador, acting on State Department instructions, which officially called for cessation of such attacks. The crueities visited upon these Americans coincide with out- committed by Nazl hotspurs against German Jews. Chanceller Hit- ler has instructed his overzealous co- horts to restrain their anti-Semitic pas- sions, but as these have be>n long and systematically inflamed by Hitler him- self, his satellites can hardly be blamed for thinking they now have official sanction for their depredations. Serious as are the ascaults on Ameri- can citizens, the Nazis' ebullitions in | other directions are far graver from an | international standpoint. In the case | of Poland, they have provoked a war- like situation. Chancellor Hitler him- self is directly chargeable with arous- ing Polish fears and inducing the War- saw government to take far-reaching precautions against an armed attempt by Germany to recover the Danzig Corridor. During the final stages of the recent campaign Herr Hitler made & spectacular airplane flight across the Corridor into East Prussia, utilising the occasion for assuring East Prussians that they might rely confidently on Nazi support for their aspirations once again to be joined, without the barrier that now separates them, to the old German Fatherland. On the night be- fore election Nazi enthusiasts lit bon- fires at every point where German territory abuts the soil of the Corri- dor or Poland proper. ‘Today comes news that the Warsaw | war office is strengthening the Danzig | ammunition depot in the Westerplatte | Basin, which is within the Danzig harbor area, the Corridor's outlet to| the sea. Ordinarily, the basin is open | for general commercial traffic. Until| further notice it will now be held ex- clusively at the disposal of the Pol).shi government. Poland is also concen- | trating troops at Gdynia, the Poles' | newly-created port on the Baltic, and | near the Corridor frontier adjacent to| Danzig. German residents of that an- clent city, capital of the Corridor, have protested to the League of Nations | against the landing of troops there. Thus are sown, before the ink on Hitler's lease of power at Berlin is dry, the seeds of a desperately serious crisis in Eastern Europe. In the west, too, Nazi high-handed- ness has manifested itself. The bar- racks at Kehl, the Rhenish town in the Grand Duchy of Baden, three miles from Strasbourg, were invaded and oc- cupled on Thursday by a band of 50C Brown Shirts, who hoisted the Hitlerite swastika flag, regardless of the fact that the premises are officially demilitarized The French government holds that this particular Nazi excess is a direct violation of the treaty of Versailles, on which Hitler has never made a secret of his intention sooner or later to wage a wer of destruction. ‘The French are not unjustified in thinking that the Kehl affair may be a dress rehearsal for the bigger show. ———————— ‘The Pacific earthquake areas go on emphasizing the fact that war is not hangs over life and property. e The Ghost Walk: Resumption of pay roils, after a few days of interruption due to the general closing of the banks of the country, brings smiles to all faces. On many lips is the phrase “The ghost is walk- ing again.” Which brings to mind the fact that the “ghost” is & symbol of solvency, the origin of which is some- what obscured in public memory. It is explained in one of those valuable com- pendiums of information that upon re- search yield a rich fund of oddments of ancient and modern folk lore. A gocd many years ago a traveling troupe of English players was struggling along on tour with a deficient treasury, due to poor patronage, and weeks had passed without compensation. “Hamlet” was in rehearsal. When in Act I, Scene 2, Horatio told of seeing the specter of Hamlet's murdered father walking the battlements of Elsinore two nights before, the Prince exclaimed: “I will watch tohight; perchance ‘twill walk again.” Thereupon the Ghost, depart- ing from his role momentarily, de- clared: “No! I'm damned if the Ghost walks any more until our salaries are paid!” Thereupon the “ghost” became the embodiment of the paymaster, and the phrase persisted and eventually be- came part of the slang of the stage, spreading later to other occupaticns. In this connection it may be noted that another phrase related to the fiscal affairs of the stage has come into fairly THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1933. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. general use. In early times of traveling companies, the box office “count” was 80 often below the needs of the “ghost” that the reckoning of receipts was “sad news” to the actors, whose welfare de- pended upon the takings at the door. Sometimes the score was actually good news, but eventually the count of the money was generally reported in the melancholy expression. To this day the box office report remains “sad news” even though the house is crowded to capacity and the coffers are over- flowing. Thus the glad “sad news" of yesterday was that the “ghost” was walking again. And there is universal hope that it will continue to walk without interruption. ——o—e Sympathy. News comes of a great disaster in some distant quarter of the globe. The average man or woman makes brief comment. The event is accepted as a commonplace of life. Accidents, large or small, are part of the routine of existence. hysterical about them. The ordinery individual, therefore, declines to be dis- turbed. Superficially, such lack of solidarity is to be deplored. But upon closer examination it is seen to be wholly natural and to a certain very high degree useful. The business of mankind is to sur- i vive and to make progress day to day, generation to generation. Anything that interfercs with that business is an interruption. But the number of such potential deflections is so vast that humanity perforce must develop a protection against their influence. It long ago discovered that it simply could not afford to devote its major physical and psychological energles to ambulance duty. In the language of the street, it was obliged to be “hard boiled.” But such an attitude, of course, is| pokt but an artificial outer shell, a made- to-order defense for the mind. Aetually, sympathy is the most compelling force, the most generally effective social mo- tive, in the world. The practical mani- festation of it is apparent in the Red Cross and in scores of other organized enterprises of popular philanthropy. Carlyle was amply justified when he wrote, “Of a truth men are mystically united.” They may not give extrava- gant utterance to their fraternal emo- tions. They may be reticent in their expression of impersonal grief and pity. But their comprehension is not any the less genuine or their sincerity any the less real. They wear a pretended in- difference as a necessary armor for their hearts, but all are Samaritans in spirit. There is a mutuality of sor- row that may be hidden but cannot be denied. Indeed, Coleridge appears to have been correct in his judgment that “every human feeling is greater and larger than the exciting cause.” A war, & conflagration, & flood, an earthquake may be a bitter and costly experience for the race, but the authentic sym- pathy, the fellow-feeling, resultant therefrom is more important. Thus mankind proves its right to survive, its right to prosper, even in the face of tragic accidents which, otherwise, might spell final and everlasting ruin for all earth’s people, near and far. ——— e The Chesapeake Bay will provide a fishing place for President Roosevelt. There may be an incidental public ad- vantage in his opportunity to study first hand a source of food supply that is being too rapidly exhausted. v ‘With no bulls and bears prominent in the market and very few political | elephants in evidence, it may be time for scientists to interest themselves to prevent the extinction of some interest- ing species. —_— . It may be hopefully remarked that the administration is engaged in the largest job of business doctoring ever undertaken. And an intelligent and co-operative American public seems positively to enjoy taking its medicine. ——— e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. ‘Two-Syllable Slogan. Two words so small Now tell the tale When, after all, The large ones fail. We all rejoice And start the show When one stout voice Exclaims “Let’s Go!” Some say “Go where?" In tones of doubt. Observe with care And you'll find out. ‘The beacon lights Are now aglow, And no one slights The call, “Let’s Go!” Comedy Calculation. “You drop an occasional remark of considerable saplency,” sald the close friend. “I try to,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “Life has become so serious that comedy is regarded as excusable only in one who is able to sell it.” Jud Tunkins says there's never any telling how literary taste will change. People are turning down detective stories and reading political economy. School. Back to the school of wise experience We go with resolution all intense. ‘The teacher over all the ledgers looks And says he'll now correct our lesson ‘books. Not Much Change. “What will you do if the open saloon returns?” “We won't have to do much,” answer- ed Cactus Joe. “We'll simply take the shutters off the windows of the speak- easies and put out doormats with ‘Wel- come’ on them.” “Do not be forever regretful of a mis- take,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “but endeavor to balance it off by a geries of worthy endeavors.” Golden Rulings. Gold is the stuff with which we buy. We must not be its slave. It avalls nothing to wax bl ‘The strange belief, held by so many, that every human being somehow ought to please every other human being must finally give way before the truth, that there is no necessity for it. These very differences are what con- stitute half the charm of being human. ‘The animals are alike as the proverbial peas in pods, but no two men will re- semble each other in anythi 8ince each takes himself, by and large, as the perfect standard, is natural that he will judge others enou ereby. In }xa\tlcn, he tries his best—so much may be admitted—to see the perfect in h's feliow men, espacially if he hap- pens to be interested in them at all. Thus it comes about, queérly enough, that the displeasure he feels to them arises because he fries to picture them as better than they are, in all too many cases, and cannot hide his disappointment at the discovery of the plain truth, that often enough they are Nothing causes more ordinary trou- le in world, we are cenvinced, than this inability of so many of us to accept people for what they are. We would like them fo be what we think they ought to be, and it shows too often in our actions, in our speech, in our very eyes. Let us accept them for what they are, and make the best of them. 1t this friend of ours, a man of broad education and ready sympathy, with the ability to see the graver as well as the lighter side of life, has not written the novel which we feel sure he could, let us accept the fact that he has not so0_written, and be done with it. / He has not wxitten the novel. ‘Why should We reprove him, if cov- ertly, for not doing what he has not done? If he has not written a novel, maybe it is because he could not quite do it, and had better sense than to try. Mray a human being would do bet- ter by himself and his fellow men to give over the self-appointed task of at- tempting to be & d. Few men are delegated, in the com- mon life, to prod their friends. To e with a pointed instrument, the end of a stick, is to goad, to irritate No one is called upon to convert him- self into a poke or a thrust. He calls upon himself to do it, and perhaps most often it is a false or mis- u‘fin call to a duty which does not exist. ‘The real duty is not to poke one's neighbor, but to attempt to determine for one’s self whether the very quali- ties which one does not like about him are not, after all, his most distinguish- ln{ qualities. t is wholesome for many an individ- ual, especially at such a time as this, to take his mind off great public ques- tions, about which he mostly has only superficial ideas, after all, and to place it squarely for time upon his own thoughts, especially with a view to de- termining whether they are right, as " he is given to see the right. Our new President showed the way. His inaugural address was brave with i the need for self-scrutiny. He was not afraid to speak of great things, but brought them from the sancti into the public square for all men to hear. He spoke of “the truth,” of “soclal values more noble than mere monetary profit,” and said without blushing that "‘hlp'pinsl lies in the joy of achieve- ment.” He spoke of the joy and moral stim- ulation of work, of sacred obligation, in 80 few words, of “s unity of duty,” and “the warm courage of national duty.” He did not hesitate to speak of “cour- | age and devotion,” the “stern perform- not as good as he would like them to be. | based ance of duty” and “the clear con- sclousness of seeking old and precious moral values.” He spoke of leadership “which aims at a las e recognition of the solemn ition of every man to be true to himself. This obligation requires so much of the individual that it contains room for such a personal search as we advo- cate herewith. A certain man's writings, let us say, are not table to all, because they offend a portion of the public which demands that no man dare rogate to himself the speak as if he knew the truth. ‘The critics do not know that these ve‘rl‘ faults, it they will, Tita the '1',“?2.?"‘3 e e onl value he possesses. It is precisely in the points that he offends that he is good. A certain silly demand for uniform- ity of appearance, thought and deed is upon an appreciation of values from one cular standpoint only, not from universal standpoint re- &um by so many and vari TS, The differences, not the likenesses, are what make life interesting and tre- mendously worthwhile. In the old days al:.y‘ seem to have handled this matter T, Eccentric characters, as they would | be called today, were regarded then with pride mingled with affection. A man was judged on what he was, and valued for what he .as, not for what some one thought he should be. These persons had as important a part to play in the early town life as any. It is likely that their trentment was not as kindly, in actuality, as it has been pic- tured in retrospect, but there can be little doubt that basically the attitude toward them was one of tolerance, above all a clear recognition, in fact if not in word, that their difference from their comrades gave them the only value, perhaps, which they had in the com- munity. Thus many a small country town of the '70s and the '80s in the United States took exceptional pride in its “characters,” or “naturals,” as they were sometimes called, who exemplified in their way true rugged individualism as applied to intellectual and moral val- ues, not solely to money and the things of money. To dare to be one's self is not all that is needed. It is impossible to be that, unless one is helped by the ready ac- ceptance of others. Daring is but half of the picture. The audience must be willing to receive. Blame cannot attach to others, in this matter, if the daring takes a form in- imical to themselves, or to society as & whole, but when it mostly appears in simple difference, or failure of some sort which after all hurts only him who fails, less charity can be displayed to- ward these sad persons who are forever demanding that every one else ought to glme them, delight them, fill their earts with joy and gratitude every hour of the day. | "It all men were of like minds, the thing might be possible, but since no two of them think the same way, or seem to want to think the same way, it is manifest that difference in every way is the real distinguishing feature of humanity. Tigers are alike, but not men. All tigers respond to the appeal of fresh meat, but & man might prefer to go to a symphony concert, rather than eat dinner. It takes courage and devotion to one’s self to be true to the sparks of difference in others, even when they offend, and to see that they are the real lights along the path, not blots and blemiches, as he one time thought. Great interest is evidenced in this country in the methods employed by Adolf Hitler in achieving success in the latest German election. It is pointed out that suppression of the opposition was his chief reliance, and that his rule is accepted because the German people have not understood the ideals of dem- ocratic government. Hitler is accused of strong-arm tactics. “Lest we be tempted to envy the Fascist efficiency,” advises the San Francisco Chronicle, “we will do well to observe that the price of it Is loss of liberty.” The New York Sun explains: “A people weary of political confusion, of the conflict of faction, of unrest, hearkened to the big bass drum. * The German electorate has capitulated The Nashville Banner declares that “the Nazi-Nationalist combine has ‘strong-armed’ the opposition, and, barring some unexpected and violent move, it will have no opposition to express itself.” The Danbury News- Times remarks: “The German dicta- torship is an improvement over most others, because it is & constitutional dictatorship. The German constitution formally gives power to the President to suspend certain civil rights in the presence of an emergency. This he has e. “The Hitler sweep,” as observed by the Sranton Times, “was felt in all sec- tions of the country, his victory in Prus- sia and Bavaria being particularly im- pressive. By many, Hitler's victory is attributed to an unaccountable last- minute decision of the normal stay-at- homes vote to go to the polls. The result shows that about 90 per cent of the electorate of the country voted. Hitler's victory will probably mean an end to the frequent elections which have kept Germany in turmoil during the past year, as Hitler made it plain that he wanted no less than four years to work out his program for what he terms ‘Germany’s salvation.’ The rise of Hitler in Germany, as well as the strength shown by Mussolini in Italy, is of import to the rest of the world, particularly to countries adhering to parliamentary or democratic forms of government. To what extent Hitler will attempt to restore Germany to its old- time position as a world power is, of course, the thing just now which is interesting other European countries ost.” m“’me result was due,” in the opinion of the Loulsville Courier-Journal, “to the not uncommon trick of raising the bugbear of the Red menace. It was the result of fear widely disseminated and of suppression of the opposition. It was the outcome of an entirely one- sided campaign. The traditional and bloody feud between the Hitlerites and the Communists reached its climax with the incendiary fire which swept the Reichstag Building on February 27. Immediately the government blamed the crime on the Communist party and suppressed Communist and Socialist newspapers. No defense was allowed to the bolsheviki. No impartial investiga- tion was permitted. The work of an irresponsible firebrand cr an agent of the Hitler faction, as has been inti- mated, was made the pretext for vir- tually outlawing the Communist party and mutzzun( all opposition to the gov- iment.” ergcmny has voted for leadership,” declares the Newark Evening News, while conceding that probably there was some “intimidation and suppres- sion,” and that paper emphasizes the fact that “even Bavaria, which has shown signs of wanting to break away and set up its own government, has fallen into line.” The Providence Journal is convinced that “the republican form of ernment has been struck & blow which it will be a long time re- That i may hold its power, we'll try |8 To teach it to behave. “I hope we’s ginter work around to mo’ liberal farm plantin’,” said Uncle Eben, “an’ dat & specially big percent- age of it will be watermelons.” in that constitution which mruup:lmol their writers’ intentions; did they or. did they not reslly want 'Strong-Arm Methods Gave Hitler Control, Say Critics to the doctrine of the strong hand.” THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. STALIN'S LADDER: WAR AND PEACE IN THE BSBOVIET UNION. By Elias Tobenkin. New York: Min- ton, Balch & Co. ‘The very fact that Mr. Tobenkin con- fesses his inabllity to come to a d>finite, dogmatic conclusion about the accom- plishments and the future prospects of the Soviet Union gives us more con- fidence in his own observations and the few interpretations he ventures to make. He is a journalist of expcrience, & Russian-born American citisen, who has recently spent nearly a year in the Soviet Union. During that time he lived as & Russian, or as & number of Russians; hotels, tourist agencies and interpreting ‘were not of his program. “I lived in Ri n homes with peasants and workmen. I ate the food they ate and in the same scant and sparing rations. I slept on bads without linen and in unheated rooms. I was witness to their workaday worries and shared in their holiday festivities. I became familiar with their moods of sullenness and gayety and learned to know them when they were drunk as well as sober.” He claimed a few ad- van! , however, on account of his Amer] citizenship, as when he was refused a bread ration because of his lack of a bread card, ed his way into the manager's , and then seized the telephone and threatened to call the G. P. U. and report that “an American citizen, willing to pay for it, is refuscd a pound of bread in the capi- tal of the Soviets.” He got the bread. Even though one has read MM tered Russia through Poland and his first observations were of the intense hostility exist between Poland and Russia. A official informed him that Poland would be “the Armageddon of the coming war ‘between civilization and communism.’ " He found the Polish frontier bristling with soldiers and of- ficers and looking like a military zone. “That a war between Russia and the rest of the world is imminent is the firm belief of every man, woman and child in Poland.” Corresponding to this Polish conviction is the equally stub- born one of at least the Soviet of- ficials, whatever the mass of peasants and workers may think, that all the world is preparing for war on Russia. Mr. Tobenkin found himself imme- diately questioning the necessity of “the wild pace, the frenzied intensity, the ruthless advance of the Stalin pro- am.” This pace has been responsible or the low standard of living, the | limited food rations, the many sacrifices imposed upon the Russian people by the Stalin industrialization program. ‘“For the past five years Russia's 160,000,000 inhabitants have been living on bread and dreams. d was rationed; the dreams were quantities. still is—made of a mixture that is part flour and part corn meal, or some other cheaper substitute for flour. Of what consistency are their hopes and dreams?” He asked “a responsible Soviet official in one of the highest gov- ernment departments in Moscow” about this frantic speed and was told: “We are hurrying our building pregram be- cause events are hurrying us. Economic events in the principal countries of the world are combining to make war on us not only probable but inevitable™ Amplification of this statement was to the effect that war might not be de- liberately planned, but would be an outgrowth of industrial conflict. He said: “The industrial equilibrium of the world cannot be restored until Russia is once more a part of the world market. We are willing, anxious. in fact, to rejoin the world market, but can do so only on the terms which the new order soclety in our country imposes. The world is Insistent that we come back on the old basis only. Such irreconcilable conflicts have at all times ended in war.” ‘The Soviet reforms meet Mr. Toben- kin's entire approval; the removal of disabilities from the Jews and the a republic? First, they conferred pow- ers on the Richstag, then they nulmhdi these powers granting special | | thority to the sident or by lodging the right of initiative with the people. | In article 48 they conferred upon the | | President so much authority that in {1932 and 1933 Hindenburg has been able, with every legal sanction, to dis- | pense entirely ‘with the machinery of | | & republic.” “The former paperhanger of Munich enjoys & power which, for the moment | at least, is greater than that exercised | by Bismarck in the days when all Europe watched his every word and | gesture,” says the Boston Transcript. lTh.e Oakland Tribune holds that Hit- ler’s “talk of the peopte and their de- cision is not impressive” The Santa :P&unlcn Outlook sees the situation as | “menacing to the continuation of the republic,” and the Schenectady Gazette | would not be surprised “if the nation is stampeded into the hands of the re- actionaries ousted at the end of the World War.” Postal Savings Plan Not Believed Sound m_g‘ the Springfield (Mass.) Union. e proposal to authorize postal savings banks to extend checking ac- commodations up to $5,000 for any de- positor, which has been approved by the | Senate, comes as the latest attempt to e:‘xnd governmental operations in a fleld where the initial departure has met with p@lic favor. As a first-aid ememcy measure this plan seems Justif only in the event that the present bank situation should be pro- longed beyond present indications, and in that event 1t would be, of course, of very limited value. As a feeler to- ward a permanent arrangement it must reckon with weighty objections. There is good ground for protests against the Government competrn( un- necessarily with private business. There are urgent reasons for curtailing, in- stead of expanding, the operations of & governmental department in which a large and growing financial deficit obtains, unless new departures appear as dhflnn&u of the profit-paying variety. If plan should fcllow the established rule of giving the public more than it pays for in point of serv- ice, the possibility of balancing the 5:;‘1 budget would be dimmer than One angle of the subject relates to ways and means of making a profit- able use of funds deposited in the postal banks. In view of the low rate of interest paid by the Government on con . Temporary obstacles in this respect should be overcome without involving the Govern- m:l: more deeply in business opera- ] Col. Kate, Perhaps. From the Newark Evening News. Ru Vallee has been named a colonel on the staff of Gov. Brann of Jeit he g etier Taseyup and orab Kate Smith. e Careful Cutters. Prom the Buffalo Evening Ne Statesmen are clever, at that. Note how they slash here and there with the pruning knife without cutting them- selves, R Good Time for Exploration. Prom the Nashville Banner. Another | interesting changed methods of handling crime and punishment. Probablv his chapters, dealing with criminology under the Soviets, are the most important contribution of his book, if not the most to the general reader. Briefly, the chief innovations made by the Soviet system are the abolition of long sentences (10 years is the maxi- mum sentence for any offense): indus- trial re-education of the criminal, which is followed up after his release, if his sentence is short, with the guarantee of a job; preservation of family life by | the permission of frequent short leaves and removal of the prison stigma by ti:e nullification of a prison record after a period of probation. “The Soviet legal end criminal authorities look for the ‘microbe of criminality,’ not in the indi- vidual, but in society. * * * Social conditions make for crime and the way to attack the crime problem is to at- tack these conditions.” This theory is, of course, held by many criminologists in our own and other “capitalistic” coun- tries. * ok x ¥ Beveral recent books for children meet the approval of thcee discrimi- nating critics, children's librarian: One is “When You Grow Up to Vote, by Eleanor Roosevelt (Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt) (Houghton, Miffin Com- pany). It is a clear, condensed expo- sition of our svstem and methods of government, intended for children of 8 or 9 years, such as been necded by children's departments in libraries and, of course, by parents in homes. It discusses the policeman, the fireuan, the street cleaner, the mayor and the city | c! government, the Governor and the State government and the President and the National Government. There is also a chapter on “What Does the Judge Do?" and another on taxation, “Who Pays the Bills?” “Young Lafayette,” by Jeanette Eaton (Houghton-Mifflin Co.), for children of 10 or 12, begins with the boy Lafayette in Auvergne and carries the hero through the American Revolution and his visit to the United States in 1784, when he was the guest of the Nation. It is good fictionized biography. Surrender,” by Emma Gelders Sterne (Duffield & Green), is a thrilling, re- strained picture of a family on a small Alabama plantation when the news of | has Lee's surender is recelved. It is in- tended for older children. Also suitable for older children is a new edition of Bjornstjerne _ Bjornson’s Norwegian idyl “Sunny Hill"” (“Synnove Solbak- ken” in the original), the love story of Thorbjorn and Synnove, son and daugh- ter of neighboring Norwegian farmers. ‘Their love has some ups and downs but lly. For children frcm 9 to r Mousie,” by Golden Gorse (Charles Scribner’s 8ons), continues the life story of an Exmoor m bl?nn in the earlier book, ‘““Moor] ousie.” The author knows horses and makes use of the knowledge in this interesting, almost human, animal biography. * x x % ‘The New York Public Library possesses a theater collection, composed of printed plays and books on the drama. The nucleus of the collection came from the Astor and Lenox libraries. In 1911 the ‘W. C. Cawley collection of reviews and notices of plays came to the hen it has lection can be by an enumer- ation of some of its contentse—the Ada Rehan set of bound bills of the Daly’s Theater plays, the Al , the James G. Huneker of acrapbooks of there was any less of ing anything agreeable at home. They Should Worry. Prom the Indianapolis News. One of the strangest things is the of worry on the part of pupils who that & shoi may early closing of money force theischools they attend. . “Blography by Mir- of ced view s Wmm and last five ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Few Americans realize how much their Government does for them. Readers of The Evening Star can draw on e!l Government activities through our free information service. The world's great- est libraries, laboratories and experi- mental stations are at their command. Ask any question of fact and it will be answered free, by mail direct to you. In- 5i7 postage. Do mot use post carde . n use cards. Address The Evening Star Information Buresu, PFrederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Q. How lu'x'g have jockeys worn colors to identify ?—C. T. A. As early as 1530 King Henry VIII dressed his jockeys in colos. It is not proved, however, that he chose one sel of colors and adopted it. In 1762 the Jockey Club announced that some owners had selected permanent colors. Q. What_is the membership of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Disabled American Veterans and Spanish War Veterans?—C. J. B. A. American Legion, 877.803; Veterans of Foreign Wars, 250,000; Disabled American Veterans, 47,239; Spanish War Veterans, 125,000 Q. How many different books have betn put into Braille in the United States since the World War?—F. N. G. A. Between 1918 and 1932 the Braille volumes published in the United States included approximately 2,000 titles. Q. By whose authority was the name of the highway from Atlanta to Warm sm.rmw - e ged to Roosevelt Highway? A. The Btate Highway Board of Geor- says that the Atlanta-Warm Springs same and the Highway Board heariily approves their action. Q. What are the duties of the Penn- sylvania State constabulary?—W. R. K. A. The duties consist of patrol work such other duties as may be ordered. are made in the United State and Canada?—K. M. V. A. They produced 81 per cent of the world’s motor output in 1931. son Jeffers—D. H. A. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1887. Europe. At 15 he returned to this coun- try with his familv and has lived in California most of the time since. He attended Occidental College, Los An- geles; University of Bouthern Califor- nia, University of Zurich, medical school in Los Angeles and University of | Washington. In 1913 he married Una Call Kuster. They have lived in Car- ! mel, Calif., since 1914. Many critics | congider Jeffers a great poet. Q. How_much rice does China im- |port?>—R. R. A. Usually China imports about 50.- 000,000 bushels. This year, with an ex- ! at 50,000,000 short tons of clezned rice | —she will probably import less than 130,000,000 bushels. Q. What was the name of Molly | Pitcher's husband?—R. A. M. A. Mary Ludwif and he was the husband whose place she took when he was wounded while | manning & cannon. She had been carrying water in a pitcher to the | thirsting soldiers, and was, therefore | called Molly Pitcher. Her husband | survived the war, dying in 1787. Her GYPTIAN GAZETTE, Alexandria. —According to the Echo de Paris, ths German Guards' regimental colors, which it is proposed to return to Germany. had a large corner piece missing. This has now been found. It had been cut off and annexed as a souvenir by some peas- ants of the village of St. Leonard, who is planned to return the flag, gave up the souvenir to the military authorities of Rheims, which are handing it on to the ministry of war. *x xx Palestine Stamps Urged for Advertising. Falestine Post, Jerusalem.— The stamp, in recent years, and in certain countries, the postcard, serves to adver- tise a country, an event or a locality, an exhibition, & congress or the like. But its chief ose is to attract tourists. If all other countries use this means, how much more so ought Palestine. where tourist traffic is an important source of income for so many of its in- habitants? The Tourist Development Association, founded not long ago, is considering ways and means of attracting visitors, and is publishing leafiets and brochures the arrival of which in the requisite pleasant and tested method of adver- tising the country, its beauty spots and sights than that afforded by stamps which reach all corners of the world, ss of philatelists, who are likewise not to be despised. It is obviously unnecessary to labor the point that the country’s present etamps fulfill this task neither by their diversity nor attractiveness. The small, e and monotonous Palestine stamps, eaving aside those of larger denomina- tions, are in no way outstanding. This at & time when all neighboring coun- tries (to say nothing of all the coun- tries in the world) have issued very at- tractive stamps. This is true of the former Irup stamps, of those of Syria and the Lebanon; now it is the turn of transjordan. 'mi leads to a simple question: Why should not Palestine understand what become clear to transjordan? Does the Palestine government count on being aided through these new trans- jordan stamps since all who will come to visit the country, under the influence of these new stamps as your contributor hopes, will of necessitv have to pass through Western Palestine? There is, one imagines, no lack of historic monu- ments or beautiful sites to prevent our ing fresh stamps. A gen rusalem from the Mount of Olives, for example, would provide a fine picture for any stamp and as a subject would rival many others throughout the world. * K x% Agricultural 'nfi:m For Jobless Weig] El Sol, Madrid—In the official bul- letin of the ce, serial No. 8. a plan is outlined for intensifred agri- cultural production which will have the additional and distinct advantage of empoying hundreds, if not thousands, of idle hands, eager and anxiois to perform some work beneficial either to themselves or to others, if only the rec- mrnee is sufficient to keep their souls o an ce passed when laborers, either in the ?l‘tly or in the flelds, have shown a dis- position to state the terms of their em- ployment. The race is learning at last that the of industry is the maintenance of life, and not the scquisition of surplus comforts and luxuries. readers are warned to make their own allowance fcr error. Other in the volume are characterizations of Longfel'ow, Walt Whitman, Charlotte Cushman, Horace Walpole and William Morris Husls » gl:hny has been named the Roosevelt | Highway by parties residing along the | day and night, enforcing the criminal | laws, fish, game and forestry laws and | Q. What per cent of the automobiles | Q. Please give a biography of Robin- | His early life was spent in | married John Hays | having now read in the papers that it | places is doubtful; but there is no easter, | apart from the albums of the numerous | bodies united. For the time is long | second husband was John McCauley. Molly outlived him by many years. Q. Why does a fire made of driftwood burn with colored flames?—G. T. A. The driftwood has absorbed min- eral elements from the sea water. lend color to the flomes. Q. Why is air thinner on mountain tops?—A. E. A. Air is held to the earth by grav- ity. The layer closest to the earth is made denser by the weight of the air above it. | Q. What is the science of the duct- less glands called?—M. M. A. It is known as endocrinology. Q. From what poem is the quotation, “When faith is lost, when honor dies, the man is dead"?—J. C. A. It is from “Ichabod,” by John Greenleaf Whittier. | Q. Why is the frieze in the dome of the Capitol uncompleted?—D. F. A. One of the principal reasons is that no agreement can be reached as to the remaining subjects which should be used. It is also true that Congress has made no appropriation for this purpose. Q. What is the candlepower af the highest powered lighthouse on an American coast?>—D. R. A. The highest is Navesink Light, New Jersey, with 9,000,000 candlepower. Q. Who was called the “man of blood and iron”?—A. P. A Bismarck, for many years chan- cellor of Prussia and Germany. “Mi of blood” referred to his great war pol- | ey, and “iron” to his indomitable will. Q. What is meant by eclectics?— T B A. 'The name is given to those— especially philosophers and painters— who do not attach themselves to any especial school, but pick and choose from various systems, combining doc- trines and methods which they find suitable to themselves individually. Q._How many explorers have reached the South Pole’—M. W. A. The South Pole was first reached by Roald Amundsen on December 14, |1911. It was next attalned by Capt. | Robert F. Scott January 18, 1912, and | finally by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd by airplane November 20, 1929. Q. What is the size of Manchuria?— H |P. H. | A. Manchuria, which is now governed as an Independent state under the | domination of Japan and called Man- | chukuo, has an area of 363.610 square {miles and a population estimated at | 25,000,000. Q What is the fourth dimension which Einstein recognizes?—E. P. A. Three dimensions have long been recognized—they are length, width or breadth, and depth or height. Accord- ing to the newly formulated conception of the Einstein theory, a fourth dimen- sion is space time is recognized. Was the pn}fi‘nown as Meridian Hill a gift to the City of Washington?— | cellent rice crop of her own—estimated | M. C. . H. A. Meridian Hill Park includes about 10 a The cost was $470,000. It was bought by the United States Gov- | ernment under condemnation proceed- ings. It appears that there was not sufficient money to purchase the ground and the late Col. Blount, an old resi- dent of Washington, made up the de- ficiency. Q. What does the name “Idaho” mean?—C. J. A. It is Indian and means “light on the mcuntains.” High Lig]gf on the Wi_de World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands | refreshing in comparison with the dull | monotony of prolonged and lethargic | indolence. ‘The commissioners of the rural police therefore have worked out a scheme whereby all the unemployed rosming through the province will be given the | opportunity to work in the orchards, | plantations and farms. They may se- lect the region which appeals to them | most, either the mountainous sectors, the valleys or the sunny open spaces. Different sorts of crops pertain to each district. The vines thrive best upon the | hillsides: vegetables and certain fruits | within the valleys, and wheat, cereals | and other grains upon the plains. Each month of the year has its varying dutles | in these respective bournes, and assist- ance more adequate than ever has been | rendered before should make the harvest | more abundant that ever before. And while no doubt a majority of the idle | will volunteer for service, it is not in- | tended that any who should be work- | ing. because of their destitute condition, | will be permitted to indulge further a period of contemplative leisure. Such reluctant ones will be forced to accept the labor which shall to a large extent, at least, remove them from the status of public charges, or better still, from | the probability of becoming marauders | and outlaws. North Dakota Gets Around to It | From the Des Moines Sunday Register. | _In the midst of seceding from the | Union, authorizing agricultural em- | bargoes, passing moratoriums on all | debts, and what not, the North Dakota | House of Representatives calmed down { long enough Wednesday to approve the | child labor amendment to the Federal | Constitution, without a single word of debate. This far away, we can't be quite cer- tain what they feed legislators in North Dzkota that puts all that vinegar in their veins. But if they'd just send the prescrip- tion for the child labor legislation, we'd be willing to forego the secession diet and the others. et Art and Leisure. Prom the New York Sun. The announcement that convicts at Clinton Prison will display paintings in a forthcoming exhibition suggests that for these artists the poet’s line may be revised to read, “Art is long and so is time.” oo The First Lady. From the Nashville Banner. Mrs. Roosevelt has been very success- ful as a teacher, and maybe it would be a good idea to have her try to show Congress a little arithmetic. Landlord Sam. From the Omaha World-Herald. Uncle Sam, subletting the White House, is just about the only landlord who is certain of a tenant for the next four years. — e Privacy. From the Omaha World-Herald. Al Capone’s prosecutor is retiring to private life, but not so private as that to which he retired Al. A Saturday Birthday. From the Chicago Datly News. Since the new national administra- tion was born on Saturday, according :f “;h‘e old rhyme, it must work for its ——.——s. Three Questioners. From the Schenectady Gazette. The wcrst thing about bridge is the theory that the other three wish to know why you played the hand that way.